• The enzyme consists of the wild type catalytic domain of human MMP-12 (residues 106-263, UniProtKB accession P39900). (giottobiotech.com)
  • Sequence alignment and structural analysis suggest that the residues in the WPD loop, especially the amino acid following Asp421, are critical for the movement of WPD loop on binding substrates and the specific activity of protein-tyrosine phosphatases. (umassmed.edu)
  • The enzyme consists of the catalytic domain of human MMP-10 (residues 99-263 UniProtKB accession P09238) with the mutation F170N. (giottobiotech.com)
  • Inhibition of the kinase domain is halted through binding of the Ras-binding domain, or residues 155-227 of the protein, to the Ras-GTP effector domain. (news-medical.net)
  • In addition to autoinhibition, CR3 is also inhibited when the protein is not post-translationally phosphorylated at certain serine and tyrosine residues in the CR2 hinge region. (news-medical.net)
  • Those which bind phosphorylated tyrosine residues may recruit multi-phosphorylated substrates for the adjacent active domains and are more conserved, while the other class have accumulated several variable amino acid substitutions and have a complete loss of tyrosine binding capability. (embl.de)
  • We have found that the C-terminal systeine residues of smg p21B, rhoA p21, and smg p25A are geranylgeranylated, and that these prenylation are essential for each small G protein to bind to membranes. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of two vicilins, seed proteins with a characteristic beta-barrel core, led to the identification of a small number of conserved residues and thence to the discovery of several microbial proteins which share these key amino acids. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The method, named Predikin, identifies key conserved substrate-determining residues in the kinase catalytic domain that contact the substrate in the region of the phosphorylation site and so determine the sequence surrounding the phosphorylation site. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Predikin now consists of two components: (i) PredikinDB, a database of phosphorylation sites that links substrates to kinase sequences and (ii) a Perl module, which provides methods to classify protein kinases, reliably identify substrate-determining residues, generate scoring matrices and score putative phosphorylation sites in query sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • New features in Predikin include the use of SQL queries to PredikinDB to generate predictions, scoring of predictions, more reliable identification of substrate-determining residues and putative phosphorylation sites, extended options to handle protein kinase and substrate data and an improved web interface. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The post-translational modification of proteins by phosphorylation of serine, threonine or tyrosine residues is a ubiquitous process in cellular regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The second factor, termed peptide specificity, describes the interaction between amino acid residues in the catalytic domain of the protein kinase and the substrate residues that surround the phosphorylated residue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Crystal structures of protein kinases with bound substrate peptides show that substrate residues at positions -3 to +3 relative to the phosphorylated serine, threonine or tyrosine residue adopt an extended conformation and bind to a pocket in the catalytic domain of the protein kinase [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The heptapeptide sequence from -3 to +3 that best binds to the pocket is determined by the physicochemical nature of the residues in the catalytic domain that line the pocket and contact the substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, it is recognised that for many protein kinase families, particularly those that phosphorylate Ser/Thr residues, peptide specificity is the major factor that determines substrate specificity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protein kinase activity of these JNK isoforms was measured using the transcription factors ATF2, Elk-1 and members of the Jun family as substrates. (umassmed.edu)
  • The structure exhibits an essentially 'closed' conformation of the domains which is similar to that of cAPK complexed with substrates. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In general, a protein kinase acts on a discrete set of substrates to ensure that signalling fidelity is maintained. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Proteins associated with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway have been identified as SUMOylated substrates, and evidences suggested that the initiation and progression of cancers depended on the function of the SUMOylation ( 23 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Each serotype of BoNT hydrolyzes their protein substrates at different peptide bonds. (cdc.gov)
  • AnaSpec offers catalog recombinant proteins including MOG, Tau, and DJ-1. (anaspec.com)
  • Negative stain TEM and image averaging showed the triangularity of a recombinant CESA cytosolic domain, consistent with previous modeling of its trimeric nature from small angle scattering (SAXS) data. (osti.gov)
  • Asfotase alfa , a recombinant protein carrying the catalytic domain of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, can be given by subcutaneous injection for treatment of congenital hypophosphatasia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Two structures of the catalytic domain of phosphorylase kinase: an active protein kinase complexed with substrate analogue and product. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Phk gamma trnc) of the gamma-subunit of rabbit muscle phosphorylase kinase: the binary complex with Mn2+/beta-gamma-imidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate (AMPPNP) to a resolution of 2.6 A and the binary complex with Mg2+/ADP to a resolution of 3.0 A. The structures were solved by molecular replacement using the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAPK) as a model. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It catalyzes phosphorylation of serine and threonine on target proteins, converting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). (news-medical.net)
  • The advent of molecularly targeted drug discovery has facilitated the identification of a new generation of anti-mitotic therapies that target proteins with specific functions in mitosis. (researchgate.net)
  • Understanding the detailed structures of the toxins and how they interact with their target proteins could also lead to advances in the ways they can be used safely in a medical setting. (bnl.gov)
  • Cytoskeleton is the pre-eminent supplier of Rho and Ras family small G-proteins (SGPs). (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Apart from the purified proteins, Cytoskeleton also provides some innovative kits for studying these proteins in cells and in vitro , see related products below for more information. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • The aberrant kinase activity of pathogenic LRRK2 mutations apparently induce neurodegeneration by disturbing intracellular processes such as protein translation, endolysosomal pathway, autophagy, synaptic functions, and cytoskeleton dynamics. (medscape.com)
  • Microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments serve as the cytoskeleton of the cell and form a complex network by interacting with cytoskeleton-associated proteins. (doria.fi)
  • Structurally, all known receptor PTPases, are made up of a variable length extracellular domain, followed by a transmembrane region and a C-terminal catalytic cytoplasmic domain. (embl.de)
  • Some of the receptor PTPases contain fibronectin type III (FN-III) repeats, immunoglobulin-like domains, MAM domains or carbonic anhydrase-like domains in their extracellular region. (embl.de)
  • Eg5 (also known as kinesin-like protein KIF11, kinesin-related motor protein Eg5, kinesin-like spindle protein HKSP, and thyroid receptor interacting protein 5 (TRIP5)) is a 119 kD kinesin-like protein family, BimC subfamily. (biolegend.com)
  • Signaling is initiated when the Wnt ligand binds to the Frizzled receptor on the cell membrane and the LDL receptor-associated protein 5/6 (LRP5/6) co-receptor. (frontiersin.org)
  • These toxins inhibit the release of neurotransmitters at the neuromuscular junction by cleaving soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex proteins in nerve cells, which prevents the fusion of neurotransmitter containing vesicles to cell membranes 2 . (cdc.gov)
  • The catalytic efficiency is 400-fold higher with ANGIOTENSIN II as a substrate than with ANGIOTENSIN I. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is also is a functional receptor for the spike glycoprotein (SPIKE PROTEIN, CORONAVIRUS) of the CORONAVIRUSES SARS-COV, SARS-COV2, and HCOV-NL63. (bvsalud.org)
  • Protein tyrosine (pTyr) phosphorylation is a common post-translational modification which can create novel recognition motifs for protein interactions and cellular localisation, affect protein stability, and regulate enzyme activity. (embl.de)
  • STAT proteins - especially STAT3 and STAT5 - regulate all of these processes and are persistently activated in a surprisingly large number of human cancers. (researchgate.net)
  • Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation, can regulate the function of proteins, determine the active state and subcellular location of proteins, and dynamically interact with other proteins related to carcinogenesis and progression ( 17 - 20 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Can be used to study CBP kinetics and regulation, for screening for inhibitors or activators and for radiolabeling of proteins or peptides with, for example [ 3 H]-Acetyl CoA. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • A series of flavonoid compounds was tested as inhibitors of protein kinase CK2. (nih.gov)
  • The crystal structures of human cdHDAC7 and its complexes with two hydroxamate inhibitors are the first structures of the catalytic domain of class IIa HDACs and demonstrate significant differences with previously reported class I and class IIb-like HDAC structures. (rcsb.org)
  • Some pharmaceutical companies are developing inhibitors of B-Raf protein as anticancer therapies. (news-medical.net)
  • The crystal structures of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 catalytic domain and the complex it forms with the substrate analogue tungstate have been determined and refined to crystallographic R values of 0.209 at 2.5 A resolution and 0.207 at 2.8 A resolution, respectively. (umassmed.edu)
  • Despite low sequence similarity, the catalytic domain of SHP-1 shows high similarity in secondary and tertiary structures with other protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). (umassmed.edu)
  • In contrast to the conformational changes observed in the crystal structures of PTP1B and Yersinia PTP, the WPD loop (Trp419-Pro428) in the catalytic domain of SHP-1 moves away from the substrate binding pocket after binding the tungstate ion. (umassmed.edu)
  • In this research project, we have investigated the C-terminal structures of small G proteins, purified the regulatory proteins for small G proteins, and made monoclonal antibodies against small G proteins and their regulatory proteins. (nii.ac.jp)
  • UPTON, NY - New structures of a botulism toxin interacting with a mimic of the nerve-cell protein it destroys suggest new ways to block this often-fatal interaction. (bnl.gov)
  • They then allowed each to bind to the catalytic domain of the toxin, and analyzed the structures using high-intensity x-rays at Brookhaven's National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS). (bnl.gov)
  • Our structures reveal that portions of the toxin that are distant from the 'active site' that cleaves the nerve-cell protein are crucial to the toxin's ability to bind to and destroy this protein," Swaminathan said. (bnl.gov)
  • The protein is observed, in denaturing conditions, as a single band migrating at a molecular weight between 14.4 and 18.4 kDa. (giottobiotech.com)
  • TtCM was purified to homogeneity on an SDS polyacrylamide gel as a His-fusion protein with a deduced molecular mass of 15.8 kDa. (springer.com)
  • Publications] Kaibuchi,K.: 'Molecular cloning and characterization of the stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein(GDS)for smg p21s,ras p21ーlike small GTPーbinding proteins. (nii.ac.jp)
  • The catalytic domain of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type F (represented as a molecular surface, gray) bound to an inhibitor molecule (colored ribbon) designed to mimic the nerve-cell protein the toxin cleaves. (bnl.gov)
  • There is a superfamily of ras p21/ras p21-like small GTP-binding proteins (small G proteins) with GTPase activity. (nii.ac.jp)
  • A domain family that is part of the cupin metalloenzyme superfamily. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Microbial relatives of the seed storage proteins of higher plants: conservation of structure and diversification of function during evolution of the cupin superfamily. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • This review summarizes the recent discovery of the cupin superfamily (from the Latin term "cupa," a small barrel) of functionally diverse proteins that initially were limited to several higher plant proteins such as seed storage proteins, germin (an oxalate oxidase), germin-like proteins, and auxin-binding protein. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Although originally termed histone acetyltransferases (HATs) for their lysine acetylation activity on histone N-terminal tails, CBP and its paralogue, p300, have been shown to acetylate a variety of non-histone proteins including p53, DNA polymerase β and nuclear import factors. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are protein deacetylases that play a role in repression of gene transcription and are emerging targets in cancer therapy. (rcsb.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene has sequence homology to members of the histone deacetylase family. (wikipedia.org)
  • The MITR protein lacks the histone deacetylase catalytic domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • By analyzing the single-molecule properties of engineered motors, we demonstrate that the non-catalytic domain has a key role in the motility mechanism by acting as a 'foothold' that allows Kar3 to bias translocation towards the minus end. (elifesciences.org)
  • Within this common structural framework each kinase displays its own unique substrate specificity, and a regulatory mechanism that may be modulated by association with other proteins. (ox.ac.uk)
  • SUMOylation of proteins is an important mechanism in cellular responses to environmental stress ( 21 , 22 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • unlike most of the motors in this group (which work together in pairs), Kar3 motor protein subunits each bind to and work with non-motor protein subunits, including one called Cik1. (elifesciences.org)
  • Functional diversity between PTPases is endowed by regulatory domains and subunits. (embl.de)
  • 10-13 TMPRSS2 contains an extracellular trypsin-like serine-protease domain that can proteolytically activate the spike (S) protein on the surface of SARS-CoV-2 viral particles 14 ( Fig. 1 ). (rsc.org)
  • A transmembrane glycoprotein with an extracellular catalytic domain which functions as a carboxypeptidase. (bvsalud.org)
  • Motor proteins of the conserved kinesin-14 family have important roles in mitotic spindle organization and chromosome segregation. (elifesciences.org)
  • In this study, we show that the yeast kinesin-14 Kar3 generates processive movement as a heterodimer with the non-motor proteins Cik1 or Vik1. (elifesciences.org)
  • Molecules can be transported around a cell by so-called motor proteins that move along a network of filaments called microtubules. (elifesciences.org)
  • Many motor proteins-including the kinesin family of these proteins-can only move in one direction along a microtubule. (elifesciences.org)
  • Evidence is accumulating that small G proteins are involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Most of small G proteins have the unique consensus C-terminal motifs containing at least one cysteine residue. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Small G proteins have two interconvertible forms, GDP-bound inactive and GTP-bound active forms. (nii.ac.jp)
  • We have purified and characterized several GDP/GTP exchange proteins (GDP dissociation stimulator (GDS) and GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI)) and GTPase activating Proteins (GAP) for small G proteins. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Multiple modes of peptide recognition by the PTB domain of the cell fate determinant Numb. (sdbonline.org)
  • The endo-mannanase from T. reesei has a small polysaccharide binding domain, separated from the catalytic domain by a highly glycosylated linker peptide. (lu.se)
  • RAF genes encode serine and threonine kinase proteins downstream of Ras in the pathway. (news-medical.net)
  • Epigenetic components (for example, Polycomb PRC1/2 and Trithorax group proteins) maintain the 'off' states of certain genes and the 'on' states of others, in a cell-type- and time-specific manner (the bottom panels show three genes, depicted schematically as chromatinized templates, in which transcription is triggered by specific transcription factors and silent or active states are maintained by PRC1/2 or Trithorax proteins, respectively). (nature.com)
  • Analyzing 5′-upstream non-protein-encoding regions of the human mitochondrial function-associated genes, we speculate that mitochondrial functions could be recovered or improved at a transcriptional level. (intechopen.com)
  • It has been found that human PTGS2 (COX-2) functions as a conformational heterodimer having a catalytic monomer (E-cat) and an allosteric monomer (E-allo). (wikipedia.org)
  • Comparison of the enzyme's structure with that of its mesophilic counterpart from Bacillus revealed an increase in hydrophilicity on the protein's surface, greater hydrophobicity in cavities within the protein, and greater restriction of conformational freedom, features that contribute to the thermal stability of this chorismate mutase. (springer.com)
  • B-Raf is a protein encoded by the BRAF gene and is involved in the RAS/MAPK pathway, which regulates cellular growth and division. (news-medical.net)
  • Although a high level of PDE10A gene expression is observed in the testis, information on the identity of the isoforms or on the cell type that express the PDE10 protein is lacking. (plos.org)
  • [ 4 ] Mutations have been identified throughout the gene, affecting all domains of the transcribed protein, most frequently the catalytic domain. (medscape.com)
  • The PTPN11 gene encodes SHP-2, a cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphatase that consists of two tandemly arranged SH2 domains at the N-terminus, a catalytic domain, and a C-terminal tail. (lu.se)
  • Over the course of my dissertation research I investigated endocytic mechanisms regulating two neuronal membrane proteins: the anesthetic-activated potassium leak channel, KCNK3, as well as the psychostimulant-sensitive dopamine transporter (DAT). (umassmed.edu)
  • This protein is a catalytic kinesin motor with coiled-coil and Smc domains. (biolegend.com)
  • A family of protein-deglutamylating enzymes associated with neurodegeneration. (sysy.com)
  • The CAZy database describes the families of structurally-related catalytic and carbohydrate-binding modules (or functional domains) of enzymes that degrade, modify, or create glycosidic bonds. (lu.se)
  • SUMOylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that has been found to play a major role in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • The head of the non-motor protein cannot bind to ATP, although it can bind to microtubules. (elifesciences.org)
  • Chen X, Antson AA, Yang M, Li P, Baumann C, Dodson EJ, Dodson GG, Gollnik P (1999) Regulatory features of the trp operon and the crystal structure of the trp RNA-binding attenuation protein from Bacillus stearothermophilus . (springer.com)
  • Conserved region 1 (CR1) is a Ras-GTP-binding self-regulatory domain. (news-medical.net)
  • Among these regulatory proteins, we have cloned the cDNAs of smg p21 GDS, smg p25A GDI, and rho GDI, and made monoclonal antibodies against them. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Desensitization of p21(ras) after stimulation of cells by growth factors and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Son-of-sevenless (Sos) and its dissociation from the adaptor protein Grb2 (Cherniack, A., Klarlund, J. K., Conway, B. R., and Czech, M. P. (1995) J. Biol. (umassmed.edu)
  • According to biochemical studies, there is an increase in LRRK2 kinase activity and a decrease in GTPase activity for kinase domain and Roc-COR mutations, respectively. (medscape.com)
  • It contains one GTPase binding domain (aa 75-105) plus a protein kinase catalytic region (aa 250-521). (rndsystems.com)
  • The catalytic domain is homologous to mammalian peroxidases such as myeloperoxidase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Publications] Sasaki,T.: 'A mammalian inhibitory GDP/GTP exchange protein(GDI)for smg p25A is active on the yeast SEC4 protein. (nii.ac.jp)
  • The increased stability of the bifunctional protein may be a factor in its evolutionary selection in mammalian cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Using patch-clamp electrophysiology in brain slices prepared from male rats, we reveal that opioid withdrawal abruptly reduces the ability of these peptides to inhibit neurotransmission, a direct consequence of a protein kinase A (PKA)-driven increase in the synaptic activity of peptidases. (jneurosci.org)
  • also alpha -PAK and p65-PAK) is both a cytoplasmic and nuclear 58-60 kDa member of PAK group I, STE20 subfamily, STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family of molecules. (rndsystems.com)
  • Mutations in the catalytic Roc-COR and kinase domains of LRRK2 are considered common causes of familial PD. (medscape.com)
  • Cell and animal models of PD have indicated that LRRK2 mutations affect vesicular trafficking, autophagy, protein synthesis, and cytoskeletal function. (medscape.com)
  • According to the study, the lysosomal defects associated with these mutations are dependent on both the catalytic activity of the kinase and autophosphorylation of LRRK2 at serine 1292. (medscape.com)
  • We show that cdHDAC7 has an additional class IIa HDAC-specific zinc binding motif adjacent to the active site which is likely to participate in substrate recognition and protein-protein interaction and may provide a site for modulation of activity. (rcsb.org)
  • Based on the crystal structure of JmjC domain containing protein FIH and JHDM3A/JMJD2A, the JmjC domain forms an enzymatically active pocket that coordinates Fe(III) and alphaKG. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Mutant B-Raf proteins that have been implicated in tumorigenesis often have elevated kinase activity, known as a gain of function mutaion. (news-medical.net)
  • the membrane-binding domain consists of a series of amphipathic α helices with several hydrophobic amino acids exposed to a membrane monolayer. (wikipedia.org)
  • The B-Raf protein has 766 amino acids in three conserved domains. (news-medical.net)
  • PTPase domains consist of about 300 amino acids. (embl.de)
  • The catalytic domain of this dual-specificity phosphatase has recently been mapped to the 180 most C-terminal amino acids. (embl.de)
  • Segments of the human UMP synthase cDNA coding for the orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) and orotidylate decarboxylase (ODC) domains of the bifunctional protein UMP synthase were produced by polymerase chain reaction techniques and cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Each subunit has a region called a motor domain (also known as its 'head') that can bind to the microtubule and to a molecule called ATP, which provides the energy required for the motor to step forward. (elifesciences.org)
  • Phosphorylation of the AP2 mu subunit by AAK1 mediates high affinity binding to membrane protein sorting signals. (sdbonline.org)
  • Comparison of the binding activity of the JNK isoforms demonstrated that the JNK proteins differ in their interaction with ATF2, Elk-1 and Jun transcription factors. (umassmed.edu)
  • A model of Cdc25 phosphatase catalytic domain and Cdk-interaction surface based on the presence of a rhodanese homology domain. (embl.de)
  • Publications] Araki,S.: 'Role of the Cーterminal region of smg p25A in its interaction with membranes and the GDP/GTP exchange protein. (nii.ac.jp)
  • We are also studying the function of the binding domain, the interaction between the binding domain and the catalytic domain and the flexibility of the linker. (lu.se)
  • My results indicate that KCNK3 internalizes in response to Protein Kinase C (PKC) activation, using a novel pathway that requires the phosphoserine binding protein, 14-3-3β, and demonstrates for the first time regulated KCNK3 channel trafficking in neurons. (umassmed.edu)
  • Taken together, these results demonstrate that novel, non-classical endocytic mechanisms dynamically control the plasma membrane presentation of these two important neuronal proteins. (umassmed.edu)
  • Numb-associated kinase interacts with the phosphotyrosine binding domain of Numb and antagonizes the function of Numb in vivo. (sdbonline.org)
  • The mimic protein interacts with the toxin at several exosites (purple-, brown-, and green-shaded areas) in addition to the active site (red) that performs the cleaving action, suggesting that blocking these interactions could thwart the toxins deadly action. (bnl.gov)
  • Endocytic trafficking dynamically regulates neuronal plasma membrane protein presentation and activity, and plays a central role in excitability and plasticity. (umassmed.edu)
  • The catalytic activity rates are not affected by the mutation. (giottobiotech.com)
  • CR1 inhibits the activity of CR3, the kinase domain, regulating the overall signaling activity of the molecule. (news-medical.net)
  • The monofunctional OPRT protein was less stable than the ODC protein at 45 degrees C. Growth of transfected cells in 6-azauridine resulted in striking increases in activity and temperature stability for the monofunctional ODC protein. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • In contrast, Cx43 promoter activity was upregulated after DMBA treatment via the induction of specificity protein 1 and hepatocyte nuclear factor 3ß, indicating that the promoter-independent loss of Cx43 mRNA can be associated with the inhibition of mRNA stability, which was verified by actinomycin D assay. (bvsalud.org)
  • A UMP synthase bifunctional protein was constructed with a deletion of the suspected linker region joining the two catalytic domains. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Total cell lysates (15 µg total protein) from A431, SH-SY5Y, MCF-7 (reduced expression control), and NIH3T3 cells were resolved by 4-12% Bis-Tris gel electrophoresis, transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane, and probed with 0.5 µg/mL (1:1000 dilution) Purified anti-EG5 Antibody, clone 10C7, overnight at 4°C. Proteins were visualized by chemiluminescence detection using HRP goat anti-mouse IgG Antibody (Cat. (biolegend.com)