AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
IsoniazidTuberculosisTuberculosis, PulmonaryMycobacterium tuberculosisAntitubercular AgentsTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantAntibiotic ProphylaxisRifampinPyrazinamideAntibiotics, AntitubercularEthambutolTuberculosis, MiliaryTuberculosis VaccinesLatent TuberculosisTuberculosis, Lymph NodeTuberculin TestTuberculosis, OsteoarticularPost-Exposure ProphylaxisEthionamideTuberculosis, SpinalSputumTuberculosis, CutaneousTuberculosis, GastrointestinalMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMycobacteriumTuberculosis, MeningealExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisBacterial ProteinsTuberculosis, BovineMycobacterium bovisDrug Resistance, BacterialStreptomycinBCG VaccineMycobacterium smegmatisTuberculosis, SplenicTuberculosis, PleuralAminosalicylic AcidTuberculosis, UrogenitalDental ProphylaxisDirectly Observed TherapyAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAminosalicylic AcidsMycolic AcidsDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialHIV InfectionsTuberculosis, OcularChemopreventionDrug Therapy, CombinationDNA, BacterialAntigens, BacterialTuberculosis, HepaticTuberculosis, Female GenitalMycobacteriophagesSouth AfricaSensitivity and SpecificityDrug Resistance, MicrobialCatalaseTreatment OutcomeContact TracingTime FactorsTuberculosis, EndocrineTuberculosis, Central Nervous SystemThioacetazoneColony Count, MicrobialTuberculosis, LaryngealIsonicotinic AcidsPremedicationBacteriological TechniquesTuberculosis, RenalAza CompoundsTrimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole CombinationAnti-Bacterial AgentsLungIncidenceRetrospective StudiesRifamycinsPolymerase Chain ReactionDNA FingerprintingPolymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthIndiaClofazimineRisk FactorsTuberculosis, OralMycobacterium InfectionsDiarylquinolinesAnti-Infective AgentsProspective StudiesSurgical Wound InfectionGenotypeRifabutinQuinolinesDrug Administration ScheduleOxidoreductasesInterferon-gammaMutationTuberculinCapreomycinBacterial Typing TechniquesRecurrenceThioridazine
MycobacteriumInfectionLatentPreventive therapyPulmonary tuberculosisAntiretroviral therapyRifampinPyrazinamideRifampicinPreventionDiagnosisMechanism of action of isoniaBacteriaBacteriumRegimenHepatitisHepatotoxicityIncidenceSputumSide effects of isoniazidIsonicotinic acid hydrLTBIEffect of isoniazidConverting to active tuberculosisPatientsTherapyTreatmentHumansMigraine prophylaxisInternational Union Against TuberculosisAnti-tuberculosis drugsInfectionsAdultsOrganismAcuteControl of tuberculosisDetection of tuberculosisActiveDrugsMorbidity and mortaMetabolism2021MycobacterialDropletSymptomsAffects the lungsDiseaseLungsCatalase-peroxidaseResistantResistanceClinicalMethodsTrialsContinuation
Mycobacterium18
Infection39
  • The main risk is that approximately 10% of these people (5% in the first two years after infection and 0.1% per year thereafter) will go on to develop active tuberculosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • HIV infection is the greatest known risk factor for the progression of latent M. tuberculosis infection to active TB. (wikipedia.org)
  • In November 1992, the New York State Department of Health was notified of a patient who underwent liver transplantation because of severe hepatitis that developed during the use of isoniazid (INH) preventive therapy (IPT) for latent tuberculous infection. (cdc.gov)
  • So, just as background, the TB center which I set up in January of 1992, it's actually 25 years, we just had our anniversary, was really a response to an emerging epidemic in New York City which started around 1991, which was due to the co- infection of tuberculosis among AIDS patients. (cdc.gov)
  • So, long way to say that we've been doing this a long time and any infection caused by M. tuberculosis , be it in humans or in animals--elephants, lions, elk, and also in cows, which is caused by related bacteria, M. bovis --we can fingerprint. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 1 , 2 ] INH is commonly used for prophylaxis of patients with a recently converted Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) with purified protein derivative (PPD) or in conjunction with other medications for the treatment of active TB infection. (medscape.com)
  • Immunocompromised persons with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are at increased risk for tuberculosis reactivation compared with the general population. (atsjournals.org)
  • The rest develop latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and have a 5% lifetime risk of progressing to active TB ( 3 , 4 ). (atsjournals.org)
  • Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and latent tuberculosis are at substantial risk for the development of active tuberculosis. (columbia.edu)
  • We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of six months of prophylactic isoniazid treatment in HIV-infected patients with anergy who have risk factors for tuberculosis infection. (columbia.edu)
  • Over 90 percent of the patients had two or more risk factors for tuberculosis infection, and nearly 75 percent of patients were from greater New York City. (columbia.edu)
  • Even in HIV-infected patients with anergy and multiple risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection, the rate of development of active tuberculosis is low. (columbia.edu)
  • This finding does not support the use of isoniazid prophylaxis in high-risk patients with HIV infection and anergy unless they have been exposed to active tuberculosis. (columbia.edu)
  • Patients with a tuberculosis skin test that has recently become abnormal (demonstrating recent infection with tuberculosis) but a normal chest X-ray (demonstrating inactive infection) are given isoniazid alone for 9 months. (hdkino.org)
  • Patients with active infection on chest X-ray are given isoniazid combined with other antituberculous drugs . (hdkino.org)
  • Tuberculosis Meningitis -- is a Tuberculosis infection of the brain or spinal cord. (ecureme.com)
  • Intestinal Tuberculosis - - is an infection of the intestinal tract. (ecureme.com)
  • Tuberculosis peritonitis -- involves an infection and fluid build-up in the abdomen. (ecureme.com)
  • Tuberculosis salpingitis -- is an infection of the uterine fallopian tubes that causes pelvic pain. (ecureme.com)
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is the most frequent co-infection in HIV-infected individuals still presenting diagnostic difficulties particularly in developing countries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1999). Isoniazid prophylaxis for tuberculosis in HIV infection: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (tbksp.org)
  • TB infection control, 2009- Section 3.3.2 o Intensified case finding 3.3.2 Control 9 - Provide a package of prevention and care interventions for health workers including HIV prevention, antiretroviral therapy a isoniazid preventive therapy for HIV positive health workers All health workers should be given appropriate information and encouraged to undergo TB diagnostic investigation if they have signs and symptoms suggestive of TB (19). (tbksp.org)
  • Antituberculosis chemotherapy may cause liver damage both in patients with active tuberculosis (isoniazid- INH,rifampicin- RIF, pyrazinamide - PZA, ethambutol - EB, streptomycin - SM are applied) and in individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (isoniazide is administered). (biochemia-medica.com)
  • All HIV-infected persons at risk for infection with M. tuberculosis must be carefully evaluated and, if indicated, administered therapy to prevent the progression of latent infection to active TB disease and avoid the complications associated with HIV-related TB. (cdc.gov)
  • Adding to CDC's current recommendations for administering isoniazid preventive therapy to HIV-infected persons with positive tuberculin skin tests and to HIV-infected persons who were exposed to patients with infectious TB, this report also describes in detail the use of new short-course (i.e., 2 months) multidrug regimens (e.g., a rifamycin, such as rifampin or rifabutin, combined with pyrazinamide) to prevent TB in persons with HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Co-infection of tuberculosis and HIV has a significant impact on public health. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As the viral load rises, tuberculosis speeds up the progression of HIV infection to AIDS and consequently, leads to death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Exposure to M.tuberculosis may lead to infection, but most infections do not lead to disease. (myhealth.gov.my)
  • WHO has recommended the 3Is (intensified TB case finding, isoniazid prophylaxis and infection control) for TB/HIV control in addition to effective therapy, Antiretroviral therapy and TB vaccines. (bvsalud.org)
  • SAN DIEGO, CA -Isoniazid treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who started TNF inhibitors is associated with the occurrence of liver function abnormality, according to investigators at the 2013 ACR/ARHP Annual Meeting. (empr.com)
  • The nursing care plan goals and management for patients with tuberculosis include promoting adherence to the prescribed medication regimen to ensure effective treatment and prevent the spread of the infection, providing education on infection control measures and supporting the patient emotionally, and addressing any psychosocial needs. (nurseslabs.com)
  • Tuberculosis is a chronic, progressive mycobacterial infection, often with an asymptomatic latent period following initial infection. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Isoniazid usually is used alone for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection to prevent the development of clinical tuberculosis. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • However, since use of such a regimen rarely results in true primary prevention (i.e., prevention of infection in individuals exposed to infectious tuberculosis), the ATS and CDC currently state that "treatment of latent tuberculosis infection" rather than "preventive therapy" more accurately describes the intended intervention and potentially will result in greater understanding and more widespread implementation of this tuberculosis control strategy. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • Individuals at risk for developing tuberculosis include those who have been recently infected with M. tuberculosis and those who have clinical conditions that increase the risk of latent tuberculosis infection progressing to active disease. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • The likelihood that a positive tuberculin test represents a true infection with M. tuberculosis is influenced by the prevalence of infection in the population being tested. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • The ATS and CDC state that since the general population of the US has an estimated M. tuberculosis infection rate of 5-10% and the annual incidence of new tuberculosis infection without known exposure is estimated to be 0.01-0.1%, the tuberculin skin test has a low positive predictive value in individuals without a known or likely exposure to M. tuberculosis. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • In several randomized, controlled trials, isoniazid therapy for 6-12 months substantially reduced the incidence of clinical tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection who had induration reactions to tuberculin skin tests of 5 mm or greater. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • HIV infection contributes most to an increased risk of progression of latent tuberculosis infection to the active disease, and patients of any age with HIV infection who have an induration reaction of 5 mm or greater to the Mantoux tuberculin skin test should receive therapy for latent tuberculosis infection after excluding the presence of clinically active tuberculosis, unless such therapy is medically contraindicated. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Latent10
Preventive therapy12
  • To reduce the risk of active TB in persons newly infected with M. tuberculosis, the American Thoracic Society/CDC and the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis recommend INH preventive therapy (9-10). (cdc.gov)
  • Not just antiretroviral therapy (ART), not just ART plus IPT [isoniazid preventive therapy], but other things as well, and if we do all of these things - and all of these things are achievable now - we could really start to make a big difference in terms of TB prevention. (aidsmap.com)
  • As previously reported by aidsmap , the Thibela TB study showed that giving a nine-month course of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) to everyone working at randomly selected South African gold mines had no effect on TB incidence, TB prevalence or all-cause mortality in the population, when compared to a cluster of gold mines randomised to standard TB programme management. (aidsmap.com)
  • TB incidence varies over time following ART initiation, and is particularly high during the first 3 months post-ART, reinforcing the importance of TB screening prior to starting ART and use of isoniazid preventive therapy once active TB is excluded. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tuberculosis preventive therapy for HIV-infected people in Sub-Saharan Africa is cost-effective. (tbksp.org)
  • Tuberculosis preventive therapy in HIV-infected persons: Feasibility issues in developing countries. (tbksp.org)
  • Smart, T. (2009) Continuous isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) better at preventing TB than short course-but only in those with a positive tuberculin skin test. (tbksp.org)
  • Based on the evaluation, health workers should be put on either isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) or a full regimen of anti-TB treatment, should they be diagnosed with active TB. (tbksp.org)
  • A cross sectional study was conducted among HIV positive adult patients who completed a 6-months long daily treatment of Isoniazid preventive therapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • The prevalence of tuberculosis disease among HIV positive adult patients who completed Isoniazid preventive therapy was 5.8% (6/103). (bvsalud.org)
  • In 2011 WHO conditionally recommended the use of at least 36 months of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) (as a proxy for lifelong or continuous treatment) for people living with HIV in high TB-prevalence and transmission settings. (bvsalud.org)
  • Previously, "preventive therapy" or "chemoprophylaxis" was used to describe a simple drug regimen (e.g., isoniazid monotherapy) used to prevent the development of active tuberculosis disease in individuals known or likely to be infected with M. tuberculosis. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Pulmonary tuberculosis9
  • Pulmonary Tuberculosis occurs when the organism infects the lungs. (ecureme.com)
  • Low uptake of isoniazid window prophylaxis in patients exposed to a health‐care worker with pulmonary tuberculosis in a paediatric ward. (nursingpaperslayers.com)
  • To present results of monitoring hepatotoxicity of antituberculosis drugs in a mother and a child admitted for hospital treatment due to pulmonary tuberculosis. (biochemia-medica.com)
  • In this report, we present the results of monitoring hepatotoxicity of antituberculosis drugs in a mother and a child treated for pulmonary tuberculosis. (biochemia-medica.com)
  • The effect produced by some therapeutic measures on the different forms of leucocytes in pulmonary tuberculosis. (jameslindlibrary.org)
  • Use this nursing care plan and management guide to help care for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis . (nurseslabs.com)
  • Enhance your understanding of nursing assessment , interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis , all specifically tailored to address the unique needs of individuals facing pulmonary tuberculosis This guide equips you with the necessary information to provide effective and specialized care to patients dealing with pulmonary tuberculosis. (nurseslabs.com)
  • What is Pulmonary Tuberculosis? (nurseslabs.com)
  • The American Thoracic Society (ATS), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) currently recommend several possible multiple-drug regimens for the treatment of culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Antiretroviral therapy3
  • There are few data on tuberculosis (TB) incidence in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy (ART). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study reaffirmed that highly active antiretroviral therapy and isoniazid therapy are some of the best strategies for reducing TB among HIV-infected adults in resource-limited settings. (bmj.com)
  • In brief, Temprano assessed the benefits and risks of early antiretroviral therapy (ART) and isoniazid prophylaxis therapy to prevent active TB at 9 clinics in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. (hivandhepatitis.com)
Rifampin4
Pyrazinamide1
Rifampicin7
  • The Xpert MTB/RIF test enables rapid detection of tuberculosis (TB) and rifampicin resistance. (plos.org)
  • What [TB360 trade name] is and what it is used for [TB360 trade name] is a combination of two antimycobacterial agents, rifampicin and isoniazid. (who.int)
  • are hypersensitive (allergic) to isoniazid or rifampicin, or any of the other ingredients of [TB360 trade name] (see section 6, What [TB360 trade name] contains). (who.int)
  • For diagnosis of MDR TB, currently drug sensitivity testing is done for Rifampicin,Isoniazid,Streptomycin and Ethambutol. (medicoapps.org)
  • Isoniazid and rifampicin reach into the caseous material. (medicoapps.org)
  • Rifampicin is used to treat a number of different infections including tuberculosis. (formularywkccgmtw.co.uk)
  • Resistance to rifampicin both in primary and secondary resistances was high, showing that children in the Islamic Republic of Iran face the threat of drug-resistant tuberculosis transmission. (who.int)
Prevention7
  • Div of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for Prevention Svcs, CDC. (cdc.gov)
  • Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment, control, and prevention of tuberculosis, including the medications used, have been established by the American Thoracic Society (ATS), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). (medscape.com)
  • Among individuals who complete a full course of prophylaxis ( prevention of tuberculosis), the hepatitis-related death rate (mortality) is 23-58 patients per 100,000 patients, far lower than the frequency of hepatitis. (hdkino.org)
  • 2001) Compliance with cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for the prevention of opportunistic infections in HIV-positive tuberculosis patients in Thyolo district, Malawi. (tbksp.org)
  • These guidelines update previous CDC recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tuberculosis (TB) among adults and children coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • 2.Tuberculosis, Multidrug- resistant - prevention and control. (bvsalud.org)
  • The advent of HIV was a massive setback for the prevention and control of tuberculosis (TB). (bmj.com)
Diagnosis3
  • In a patient with suspected tubercular anterior uveitis the diagnosis is confirmed by a positive response to isoniazid test. (medicoapps.org)
  • The use of the point-of-care lateral flow lipoarabinomannan (LF-LAM) test may expedite tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in HIV-positive patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Diagnosis of TB disease is further confirmed by culturing M. tuberculosis from sputum or other respiratory specimens for pulmonary TB and from other affected body tissues or fluids for extrapulmonary TB. (myhealth.gov.my)
Mechanism of action of isonia1
  • The mechanism of action of isoniazid is not known, but it is thought to work through its effects on lipids ( fats ) and DNA within the tuberculosis bacterium. (hdkino.org)
Bacteria5
  • To convert to active tuberculosis, the bacteria must become active. (wikipedia.org)
  • Even after completing the full course of medication, there is no guarantee that the tuberculosis bacteria have all been killed. (wikipedia.org)
  • So having said that, we set up a tuberculosis center and the real goal was to, for lack of a better term, to fingerprint the M. tuberculosis bacteria from infected and diseased patients so we could provide help to the department of health to track and identify patients with tuberculosis in order they can perform better TB control. (cdc.gov)
  • Gary Simpson who is an infectious disease physician who also consults for the Albuquerque Zoo because he had an elephant that had tuberculosis and he asked me if we could at least fingerprint the bacteria, and Gary contact(ed) me and it's been a very, very pleasant relationship with Gary over the last, now close to 17 years, studying this very, very interesting story. (cdc.gov)
  • It is very selective for the tuberculosis bacteria, that is, it has few if any effects on other bacteria. (hdkino.org)
Bacterium2
Regimen5
  • When the infecting strain of M. tuberculosis is susceptible to INH and patients adhere to the drug regimen, INH is highly effective for preventing active TB. (cdc.gov)
  • SHINE is a multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, non-inferiority, randomised controlled, two-arm trial comparing a 4-month vs the standard 6-month regimen using revised WHO paediatric anti-tuberculosis drug doses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A standardized short course tuberculosis treatment regimen of six to eight months under direct observation by a trained supervisor (usually healthcare workers) to ensure that the patient takes every dose of medication. (myhealth.gov.my)
  • National Research Institute of Tuberculosis regimen [ 2 ]. (who.int)
  • Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is also on the rise, especially in large cities, in those previously treated with antitubercular drugs, or in those who failed to follow or complete a drug regimen. (nurseslabs.com)
Hepatitis3
  • When taken over a long period of time at standard doses, isoniazid can cause important and even fatal liver injury ( hepatitis ) in approximately 1 out of every 100 patients. (hdkino.org)
  • Isoniazid-associated hepatitis usually occurs during the first three months of treatment but can occur at any time during therapy or even many months after starting treatment. (hdkino.org)
  • Coinfections including hepatitis B and C and tuberculosis (TB) represent major causes of illness and death for people living with HIV. (hivandhepatitis.com)
Hepatotoxicity5
  • Due to the association of gene polymorphisms with isoniazid hepatotoxicity (5), the following genotypes have recently been most investigated: NAT2 slow acetylator, CYP2E1 (1A/1A) homozygous genotype, and GSTM1 (null GSTM1) homozygous genotype (5-8). (biochemia-medica.com)
  • In order to monitor tuberculosis activity and detect possible hepatotoxicity of antituberculosis drugs, biomarkers of inflammation are in routine practice determined in patients every 14 days together with catalytic activity of liver enzymes and bilirubin concentration. (biochemia-medica.com)
  • This article focuses on acute isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide [INH]) hepatotoxicity. (medscape.com)
  • Although the most common presentation of isoniazid hepatotoxicity is hepatocellular damage, patients occasionally may present with true drug hypersensitivity characterized by skin rash, fever, and eosinophilia. (medscape.com)
  • The potential for hepatotoxicity of isoniazid has been a concern in RA patients treated with DMARDs, including methotrexate. (empr.com)
Incidence4
  • The ARROW trial, which enrolled HIV-infected children initiating ART in Uganda and Zimbabwe and included randomized cessation of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis, provided an opportunity to estimate the incidence of TB over time, to explore potential risk factors for TB, and to evaluate the effect of stopping co-trimoxazole prophylaxis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) are common in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but no recent data on incidence without antifungal prophylaxis are available. (stanford.edu)
  • 0.1 mL of 5 the incidence of isoniazid resistance was tuberculin units) were noted. (who.int)
  • To prioritize the use of resources for identifying those at risk for developing tuberculosis and minimize the incidence of false-positive tuberculin test results, the ATS and CDC currently recommend that tuberculin testing be targeted toward groups at high risk and discouraged in those at low risk. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Sputum3
  • Diagnostic tests for TB include sputum smear analysis (microscopic examination of mucus coughed up from the lungs for the presence of M. tuberculosis ) and mycobacterial liquid culture (growth of M. tuberculosis from sputum and determination of its drug sensitivity). (plos.org)
  • 0.007) of IFN-gamma response was found at completion of therapy when all the sputum cultures for M. tuberculosis were negative. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sputum samples and urine samples were collected and analysed using Gene Xpert and lateral flow urine Lipoarabinomannan (LF-LAM) tests respectively for presence of Tuberculosis disease. (bvsalud.org)
Side effects of isoniazid1
Isonicotinic acid hydr1
  • This article focuses on the acute and chronic isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide [INH] toxicity. (medscape.com)
LTBI3
  • Yoon-Kyoung Sung, MD, MPH, PhD, from the Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, South Korea, and colleagues studied the safety of isoniazid for LTBI and its effect on the persistency of TNF inhibitors. (empr.com)
  • A total of 312 patients aged ≥18 years were enrolled in this study, of which 96 patients (30.8%) were taking isoniazid treatment for LTBI. (empr.com)
  • Also, isoniazid treatment for LTBI was not associated with discontinuation of TNF inhibitors in the Cox proportional hazard model. (empr.com)
Effect of isoniazid2
  • Tingling in the hands and feet (peripheral neuropathy) is the most common side effect of isoniazid, one of the active agents in [TB360 trade name] (see "Possible side effects). (who.int)
  • However, there is a lack of safety data regarding the effect of isoniazid for patients with RA on the persistency of TNF inhibitors. (empr.com)
Converting to active tuberculosis1
Patients12
  • In fact, death from tuberculosis was greater in diabetic patients. (wikipedia.org)
  • seven (41%) of 18 HIV-infected patients identified in a nosocomial TB outbreak investigation in Italy developed active disease within 60 days of their exposure to M. tuberculosis, and 11 (38%) of 29 persons in a residential facility for HIV-infected persons in San Francisco developed active disease within 4 months of exposure (6-8). (cdc.gov)
  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected patients in low-income countries [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among patients with active TB, 2/20 were excluded from the analysis, one due to cell artifacts and the other to unresponsiveness to M. tuberculosis antigens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Initiating co-trimoxazole prophylaxis in HIV-infected patients in africa: An evaluation of the provisional WHO/UNAIDS recommendations. (tbksp.org)
  • Godfrey-Faussett P. (2003) District-randomised phased implementation: strengthening the evidence base for cotrimoxazole for HIV positive tuberculosis patients. (tbksp.org)
  • 1999) Efficacy of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole prophylaxis to decrease the morbidity and mortality in HIV-1 infected patients with tuberculosis in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire: a randomised controlled trial. (tbksp.org)
  • 2003)Voluntary counselling, HIV testing and adjunctive cotrimoxazole reduces mortality in tuberculosis patients in Thyolo, Malawi. (tbksp.org)
  • INH is commonly used alone for prophylaxis of patients who have conversion of their purified protein derivative (PPD) and normal chest x-ray films, and it also is used in combination with other medications for active disease. (medscape.com)
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause of death in HIV-infected patients globally [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients who need desensitization to anti-tuberculosis drugs. (myhealth.gov.my)
  • Among patients with RA using TNF inhibitors, liver function abnormality was associated with male gender and INH prophylaxis. (empr.com)
Therapy3
Treatment12
  • As a public health measure, prophylactic treatment with isoniazid has been suggested for HIV-infected persons who have anergy and are in groups with a high prevalence of tuberculosis. (columbia.edu)
  • Anti- Tuberculosis medications are the main treatment. (ecureme.com)
  • 2002) Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in HIV infected individuals after completing antituberculosis treatment in Thyolo, Malawi. (tbksp.org)
  • Evidence for tuberculosis treatment in children is largely extrapolated from adult studies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Trials in adults with smear-negative tuberculosis suggest that treatment can be effectively shortened from 6 to 4 months. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Historically, studies of anti-tuberculosis treatment in children have lagged substantially behind adult studies and data regarding TB treatment extrapolated from adults. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Almost all HIV-positive people and 40% of HIV-negative people with tuberculosis who do not receive effective treatment will die [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Data were col- programmes can lead to rapid emergence lected regarding previous TB prophylaxis of drug resistance not only in develop- or treatment and whether they had close ing countries such as India [ 6 ] but also in contact with an adult with pulmonary TB. (who.int)
  • In multivariate logistic model, INH prophylaxis and high disease activity were independently associated with the occurrence of liver function abnormality during TNF inhibitor treatment," they found. (empr.com)
  • Treatment is with isoniazid and other antituberculous. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Isoniazid is used in conjunction with other antituberculosis agents in the treatment of clinical tuberculosis. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • Although oral isoniazid is preferred for the treatment of tuberculosis, the drug may be given IM for initial or retreatment of the disease when the drug cannot be given orally. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Humans1
Migraine prophylaxis1
  • Comparison of Efficacy Between Combination of Amitriptyline-propranolol and Pizotifen for Migraine Prophylaxis. (who.int)
International Union Against Tuberculosis1
Anti-tuberculosis drugs1
  • There were 350 children with positive cultures over the study period: 7 (2%) were resistant to at least one of the 4 anti-tuberculosis drugs. (who.int)
Infections2
  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most common infections worldwide ( 1 ). (atsjournals.org)
  • It may also be used for serious staphylococcal infections, e.g. endocarditis and also as first line in the prophylaxis for meningitis contacts. (formularywkccgmtw.co.uk)
Adults3
  • These guidelines update previous CDC recommendations for treating and preventing active tuberculosis (TB) among adults and children coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (1-3). (cdc.gov)
  • Objective The objective of this study was to identify determinants for tuberculosis (TB) among HIV-infected adults in Northwest Ethiopia. (bmj.com)
  • This is the first multicentre case-control study in Northwest Ethiopia to investigate determinants for tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected adults. (bmj.com)
Organism1
  • Tuberculosis Pericarditis -- occurs when the organism invades and infects the lining of the heart. (ecureme.com)
Acute1
  • Acute isoniazid (INH) overdose results in decreased pyridoxal-5'-phosphate levels, decreased gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis, increased cerebral excitability, and seizures. (medscape.com)
Control of tuberculosis1
  • Hiatt T and Nishikiori N. Epidemiology and control of tuberculosis in the Western Pacific Region: analysis of 2012 case notifcation data. (who.int)
Detection of tuberculosis1
  • Early detection of tuberculosis (TB) is essential to improve health outcomes for people with TB, and to reduce TB transmission more effectively. (bvsalud.org)
Active7
  • Depending on ventilation and other factors, these tiny droplets [from the person who has active tuberculosis] can remain suspended in the air for several hours. (wikipedia.org)
  • Only by required testing (required in some jobs) or developing symptoms of active tuberculosis and visiting a medical doctor who does testing will a person know they have been exposed. (wikipedia.org)
  • If the outbreak of tuberculosis is in the brain, organs, kidneys, joints, or others areas, the patient may have active tuberculosis for an extended period of time before discovering that they are active. (wikipedia.org)
  • No cases of active tuberculosis were found. (cdc.gov)
  • A poverty-stricken mother suffering from active tuberculosis delivers a baby. (medicoapps.org)
  • Recently an assay based on IFN-gamma response to M. tuberculosis RD1 peptides selected by computational analysis was developed whose presence is detected during active TB disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Researchers have identified four genes that could help identify people who are at high risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) up to 2 years before they develop clinical symptoms. (medscape.com)
Drugs5
  • The trial will also fill existing gaps in knowledge on dosing and acceptability of new anti-tuberculosis formulations and commonly used HIV drugs in settings with a high burden of TB. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The rapid spread of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis (Mtb) strains and the phenomenon of phenotypic tolerance to drugs present challenges toward achieving the goal of tuberculosis (TB) elimination worldwide. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although antituberculosis drugs have been administered for about sixty years, tuberculosis has persisted as a leading cause of death worldwide (1). (biochemia-medica.com)
  • Moreover, Anemia, drug resistant tuberculosis, extrapulmonary TB and poor adherence to ART drugs were identified as the predictors of mortality among these children. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chest radiographs or terns of M. tuberculosis isolates against computerized tomography scans were as- anti-TB drugs is an important aspect of TB sessed and classified. (who.int)
Morbidity and morta1
  • Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals in Sub Saharan Africa, including Uganda. (bvsalud.org)
Metabolism1
  • Isoniazid inhibit phenytoin metabolism & can precipitate its toxicitiy. (medicoapps.org)
20212
Mycobacterial1
Droplet1
Symptoms2
Affects the lungs1
Disease3
  • In 2010, about 9 million people developed tuberculosis (TB)-a contagious bacterial disease that usually infects the lungs-and about 1.5 million people died from the disease. (plos.org)
  • His work deals with themes such as Viral disease, Pediatrics, Diarrhea and Tuberculosis, which intersect with Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. (research.com)
  • International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. (tbksp.org)
Lungs1
  • Tuberculosis does not always settle in the lungs. (wikipedia.org)
Catalase-peroxidase1
Resistant5
  • Recent outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) have posed challenges for the management of exposed persons. (cdc.gov)
  • They have drug-resistant Tuberculosis . (ecureme.com)
  • Management of MDR-TB : a field guide : a companion document to guidelines for programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis : integrated management of adolescent and adult illness (IMAI). (bvsalud.org)
  • Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) increasingly occur in resource-constrained settings. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is based on the Emergency Update 2008 of Guidelines for programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (WHO/HTM/TB/2008.402), and may be considered a companion document to these guidelines. (bvsalud.org)
Resistance3
Clinical1
  • Following implementation of tuberculosis (TB) screening in clinical trials, the rate of TB decreased. (bmj.com)
Methods1
  • The full description of methods is available in the Global Tuberculosis Report 2013 and the data sets are available from the WHO global TB database ( www.who.int/tb/country/en/ ). (who.int)
Trials2
  • Title : Tuberculosis prophylaxis trials in preview Personal Author(s) : Ferebee, Shirley H.;Mount, Frank W.;Palmer, Carroll E. (cdc.gov)
  • 1957). Tuberculosis prophylaxis trials in preview. (cdc.gov)
Continuation1
  • Usually, enzyme levels return to normal despite continuation of the isoniazid, but in some cases progressive liver damage and even death occurs. (hdkino.org)