Promoters species proteins genes bacterial. Medical search. Frequent questions

Chlamydia trachomatis are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause ocular and genital infections, which are a significant public health concern worldwide. (europa.eu)
Several species are opportunistic disease-causing pathogens, associated with mild-to-severe fungal infections and even cancer. (eurekalert.org)
Plasmid delivery through conjugation between bacterial species has proven effective in creating novel antimicrobial agents, targeting specific genes to eliminate or suppress pathogens. (eurekalert.org)
Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens is a major impediment to successful therapy, and in sever- al instances, bacterial strains have arisen that are refracto- ry to most available antimicrobial treatments (1). (cdc.gov)
In other bacterial pathogens, genes important for pathogenicity and host range include secreted protein effectors that suppress host immunity, alter host metabolism, and enable colonization, providing a fitness advantage. (biorxiv.org)
Pathogens that will be investigated include: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), Campylobacter species, and Listeria monocytogenes. (usda.gov)
We will use omic technologies to analyze a large variety of strains of each of the pathogens to identify genes and proteins necessary for pathogens to survive stresses encountered in food environments and cause human illness. (usda.gov)
Most of thesestudies were done with human pathogens, often with the aim ofidentifying essential genes that might be used as antibiotic targets.Almost all of these organisms contain relatively large genomes thatinclude many paralogous gene families. (fullblog.com.ar)
Brd4 inhibition reduces NO synthesis and innate immunity to bacterial and viral pathogens. (atminhibitor.com)
Targeting of novel essential pathways is expected to play an important role in the discovery of new antibacterial agents against bacterial pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , that are difficult to control because of their ability to develop resistance, often multiple, to all current classes of clinical antibiotics. (biomedcentral.com)
We developed and assessed the performance of a new multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of all Chlamydia species and simultaneous differentiation of Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia pneumoniae-two important human respiratory pathogens-in human clinical specimens. (cdc.gov)

A sigma factor (σ factor or specificity factor) is a protein needed for initiation of transcription in bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
σ19 (FecI) - the ferric citrate sigma factor, regulates the fec gene for iron transport and metabolism σ24 (RpoE) - extreme heat stress response and the extracellular proteins sigma factor σ28 (RpoF/FliA) - the flagellar synthesis and chemotaxis sigma factor σ32 (RpoH) - the heat shock sigma factor, it is turned on when the bacteria are exposed to heat. (wikipedia.org)
This protein is an aromatic amino acid transporter that causes the bacteria to excrete these amino acids into the culture medium. (patentdocs.org)
In response to this unmet requirement, a team of researchers from Canada have developed and optimized the transfer of superior conjugative plasmids between bacteria and different yeast species via conjugation. (eurekalert.org)
The team first optimized this plasmid for bacteria-to-yeast conjugation by deleting 55 genes or small genetic regions to create four streamlined plasmids: M1-M4, with two clones each. (eurekalert.org)
This enhanced conjugation was further replicated with a different bacterial species- Sinorhizobium meliloti, as the pSC5-carrying donor, suggesting that this mechanism can be used with different bacteria. (eurekalert.org)
In most gram-positive bacteria, this operon consists of five genes dltXABCD but the involvement of the first ORF ( dltX ) encoding a small protein of unknown function, has never been investigated. (frontiersin.org)
The aim of the present study was to identify the culturable bacteria collected together with isolates of the PLSC from seagrass (Thalassia testudinum) and macroalgae along tropical Atlantic coasts of Mexico, and to explore potential species interactions with selected isolates. (awi.de)
A positive correlation was found between the bacterial genera associated with two Prorocentrum clones and the esterified toxin analog DTX1a-D8, but there was no apparent correlation between the other PLSC clones and their associated bacteria with the other five DSP toxins detected. (awi.de)
Benthic Prorocentrum and associated bacterial communities comprise highly diverse and characteristic microbiomes upon substrates, and among compartments in culture, but this study provides little evidence that allelochemical interactions among Prorocentrum cells and associated bacteria originating from epibenthic substrates play a definable role in growth and toxigenicity. (awi.de)
Besides the vegetative sigma factor, which recognizes the "standard" promoter, many bacteria possess alternative sigma factors that confer altered promoter specificity upon RNAP [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
This is referred to as NOS 3'' and is derived from nopaline synthase gene in bacteria but can function in plants. (gmo-safety.eu)
The issues that arise from the discovery and production of the GM roundup ready soy are mostly relevant to the potential transfer of the gene that confers antibiotic resistance from the GM soy foods to the gut of the bacteria. (gmo-safety.eu)
The genetically engineered soy is similar in structure as well as function to the naturally occurring soy plants while the EPSPS gene in plants and bacteria are also similar regarding the roles they play. (gmo-safety.eu)
Furthermore, nucleotide sequences related to the cluster vanHAX are present in this DNA, suggesting that the prolonged use of avoparcin in agriculture led to the uptake of glycopeptide resistance genes by animal commensal bacteria, which were subsequently transferred to humans. (cdc.gov)
These results highlight the potential impact of gene regulation in the adaptation of bacteria to the different habitats through the distribution of their regulatory potential among specific functions, and point to critical environmental factors that challenge the growth of any microbial community. (biomedcentral.com)
One of the current strategies is to attenuate virulence gene expression of agr quorum sensing system of some Gram-positive bacteria through inhibition of AgrA_ P2/P3 interaction. (ijpsr.com)
Tertiary structures of AgrA proteins of some pathogenic bacteria like Listeria monocytogenes, Chlamydia trachomatis, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Macrococcus canis showing antimicrobial resistance are not yet available in structural databases like PDB. (ijpsr.com)
The compositional and structural differences of the LytTR domain of AgrA proteins between the pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria were analyzed in our study. (ijpsr.com)
The accessory gene regulator ( agr ), a well-studied QS system, controls the expression of a series of virulence-associated protein genes in some Gram-positive bacteria 19, 20 . (ijpsr.com)
Recently, synthetic biologists have been focusing on creating logic gates in bacteria by controlling gene expression at various levels: transcription, translation, and post-translational processes. (igem.org)
Simple logic gates, such as AND, OR, NAND, and NOR gates, have been successfully created in bacteria, but more complex logic circuits are still waiting to be designed and implemented into bacterial species. (igem.org)
Our novel bacteria will be able to sense concentrations of two inputs (lactose and arabinose), identify these concentrations as "on" or "off", and produce one of four unique outputs (fluorescent proteins) depending on the combination of inputs. (igem.org)
sRNAs are very short transcripts of RNA (usually ~100 base pairs in E. coli ) that are used in bacteria to positively or negatively regulate genes at the translational level by binding to the mRNA of the gene and either occluding the ribosomal binding site (RBS) and preventing ribosome binding or recruiting nucleases to degrade the mRNA. (igem.org)
The isolated plasmid could be a useful genetic tool for high-level gene expression in Leuconostoc , and for extending the applications of this useful bacteria to various areas in the dairy and pharmaceutical industries. (biomedcentral.com)
Most of all, L. citreum is also GRAS status and a food-grade bacteria, so it can be a very attractive host for the delivery of pharmaceutical proteins into human or animals with a higher impact in Pharma and Biotech induestries. (biomedcentral.com)
Derived from tetracycline, glycylcyclines have added substituents that interfere with the mechanisms bacteria employ to resist tetracycline, such as tetracycline-specific efflux pumps and ribosomal protection proteins. (kenyon.edu)
Since tetracycline has been in wide use since the mid-1900s for treatment of many human and animal infections and as growth promoters in agriculture, many bacteria have since developed these mechanisms to prevent the harmful effects of tetracycline (Greer 2006). (kenyon.edu)
In bacteria, promoters are recognized by RNA polymerases and associated sigma factors. (giwebb.com)
Effective promoter recognition is essential for synthesizing the gene-encoded products by bacteria to grow and adapt to different environmental conditions. (giwebb.com)
Thisinvention relates, e.g., to the identification of non-essential genesof bacteria, and of a minimal set of genes required to supportviability of a free-living organism. (fullblog.com.ar)
It is only throughgene essentiality studies of bacteria that have near minimal genomesthat we bring empirical verification to the compositions ofhypothetical minimal gene sets. (fullblog.com.ar)
The Mollicutes, generically known as the mycoplasmas, are an excellentexperimental platform for experimentally defining a minimal gene set.These wall-less bacteria evolved from more conventional progenitors inthe Firmicutes taxon by a process of massive genome reduction.Mycoplasmas are obligate parasites that live in relatively unchangingniches requiring little adaptive capability. (fullblog.com.ar)
While more conventional bacteria withlarger genomes used in gene essentiality studies have on average 26% oftheir genes in paralogous gene families, M genitalium has only 6%(Table 1). (fullblog.com.ar)
The clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) system provides the majority of bacteria and archaea with adaptive and hereditary immunity against this threat. (pjmonline.org)
Light blue cells represent bacteria with an active promoter, grey cells mark the total bacterial mass. (siamtech.net)
This study also identified 43 growth-impairing inserts carrying multiple loci targeting 105 genes, of which 25 have homologs reported as essential in other bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
Stilbenes are diphenyl ethene compounds produced naturally in a wide variety of plant species and some bacteria. (jbei.org)
This sigma factor is found in a subset of Gram-positive bacteria and has been identified in species as well as in other genera in the order (e.g. and (22). (biotech2012.org)
Microorganisms capable of catabolizing lignin-derived ar- carbohydrate and protein components of the organic matter omatics are essentially fungi and bacteria (Bugg et al. (lu.se)

It has been shown in a number of metagenomic studies that the addition and removal of specific genes have allowed microbiomes to adapt to specific environmental conditions by losing and gaining specific functions. (biomedcentral.com)
ABSTRACT {Promoters are DNA regions that initiate the transcription of specific genes near the transcription start sites. (giwebb.com)
Synthetic antisense RNAs are used to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes. (genomicglossaries.com)
However, this analysis requires accurate reference genomes to identify the specific genes from which RNA reads originate. (osti.gov)

The basis for this increased production depends on an E. coli gene, yddG, that encodes the YddG protein. (patentdocs.org)
This gene encodes a protein that is the master regulator of transformation and a homolog of Sxy, which was first described in Haemophilus influenzae [ 7 ],[ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Complementation of the E. coli phr-1 mutation was observed, strongly suggesting that the yeast PHR1 gene encodes a. (shengsci.com)
The third gene, vanA , Francisco, CA). encodes an ATP-dependent D-Ala-D-Lac ligase. (cdc.gov)
agr P2 drives the synthesis of RNA II, which encodes Agr ABCD, the structural components of the QS system, while agr P3 leads to the synthesis of RNA III which encodes delta-hemolysin 20 but also acts as a regulatory RNA that controls the expression of a series of virulence genes transcriptionally or translationally 21 . (ijpsr.com)
The gene encodes the interferon of a different animal species and therefore its expression product is less toxic to the host at an embryonic, fetal, neonatal or junvenile stage of development. (justia.com)

It is a bacterial transcription initiation factor that enables specific binding of RNA polymerase (RNAP) to gene promoters. (wikipedia.org)
The specific sigma factor used to initiate transcription of a given gene will vary, depending on the gene and on the environmental signals needed to initiate transcription of that gene. (wikipedia.org)
These specialized sigma factors bind the promoters of genes appropriate to the environmental conditions, increasing the transcription of those genes. (wikipedia.org)
Relative to the DNA base corresponding to the start of the RNA transcript, the consensus promoter sequences are characteristically centered at 10 and 35 nucleotides before the start of transcription (−10 and −35). (wikipedia.org)
Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis and sfGFP (superfolder green fluorescent protein) analysis reveal that AmtR directly and negatively regulates the transcription and expression of crn A, cre T, csh A, and hyu B. A growth test shows that C. glutamicum ATCC 14067 can use creatine or creatinine as a sole nitrogen source. (frontiersin.org)
Within the RNAP holoenzyme, sigma factors provide promoter recognition specificity to the polymerase and contribute to DNA strand separation, then they dissociate from RNAP core enzyme and transcription initiation follows [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Consequently, the σI factors represent a distinct set of the σ70-family σ factors, thus highlighting the diversity of bacterial transcription. (bvsalud.org)
At the agr locus, there are two divergent transcription units driven by promoters agr P2 and agrP3 . (ijpsr.com)
Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)
The physiological conditions experienced by a microbial community can thus be inferred using meta-transcriptomic sequencing by comparing transcription levels of specifically chosen genes. (osti.gov)
Sample-specific meta-genomic assembled genomes (MAGs) were used as reference genomes to accurately identify the origin of RNA reads, and transcript ratios of genes with opposite transcription responses were compared to eliminate biases related to differences in organismal abundance, an approach hereafter named the "diametric ratio" method. (osti.gov)
GTF2B is one of the ubiquitous factors required for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II.The protein localizes to the nucleus where it forms a complex (the DAB complex) withtranscription factors IID and IIA. (biotech2012.org)
Transcription factor IIB serves as a bridge between IID, thefactor which initially recognizes the promoter sequence, and RNA polymerase II. (biotech2012.org)
To illustrate bacterial exposure to an initial stress condition (e.g. acidic pH in the stomach) not only triggers the AMD 070 expression of acid resistance functions that facilitate survival in this environment but also upregulates the transcription of genes important for survival in subsequent host compartments. (biotech2012.org)
For example the σB-mediated response to low pH also enables the AMD 070 invasion of intestinal epithelial cells which is partially but not solely facilitated by σB-dependent contributions to the transcription of invasion proteins (e.g. (biotech2012.org)
THE ALTERNATIVE SIGMA FACTOR σB Sigma factors are required for transcription initiation as they confer promoter specificity to the RNA polymerase holoenzyme and induce helix destabilization to expose the DNA template strand for RNA synthesis. (biotech2012.org)

However, despite intensive research spanning 2 Bacterial Strains Sequenced decades, these phenotypes remain unexplained. (cdc.gov)
A 3.3-kilobase PvuII fragment carrying the PHR1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been cloned into an Escherichia coli expression vector and introduced into E. coli strains deficient in DNA photolyase. (shengsci.com)
Bacterial strains and plasmids are described in Table 1 . (hindawi.com)
The actual origins of acquired resistance genes are unknown, but environmental microbes, including the strains producing antimicrobial agents, are believed to be important sources (4,5). (cdc.gov)
Sub-objective 4.1: Analysis of ExPEC isolated from chickens and humans: biofilm assays, virulence gene profiles, antimicrobial resistance profiles, whole genome comparison of ExPEC strains isolated from chicken and human infections. (usda.gov)
Over time, OspC genes were transferred between strains through recombinations involving the whole or parts of the gene and one or both flanks. (cdc.gov)
Some of the enzymes which generate aromatic radicals that break down most prominent bacterial strains found were isolated and tax- the complex linkages present in lignin to compounds of lower onomically identified using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) se- molecular weight. (lu.se)

Each time an amino acid is added to a growing polypeptide during protein synthesis, a tRNA anticodon pairs with its complementary codon on the mRNA molecule, ensuring that the appropriate amino acid is inserted into the polypeptide. (genome.gov)
In a cell, antisense DNA serves as the template for producing messenger RNA (mRNA), which directs the synthesis of a protein. (genome.gov)
The synthesis of the peptide stem of bacterial peptidoglycan involves four enzymes, the Mur ligases (MurC, D, E and F). Among them, MurD is responsible for the ATP-dependent addition of d -glutamic acid to UDP-MurNAc- l -Ala, a reaction which involves acyl-phosphate and tetrahedral intermediates. (degruyter.com)
The two variants exhibit different capability to form biofilms and to express genes involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis, flagellar synthesis, and the AI-2 quorum-sensing system [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
AlgU was also found to positively regulate stress resistance proteins such as OsmC, LEA-1, or proteins involved in trehalose synthesis. (bvsalud.org)
sRNAs can be either cis (A) or trans (B). They can prevent protein synthesis from an mRNA by several methods, including binding to the RBS and preventing ribosome binding or binding to the 5' UTR and recruiting degradative enzymes. (igem.org)
They provide NTPs for nucleic acid synthesis, CTP for lipid synthesis, UTP for polysaccharide synthesis and GTP for protein elongation, signal transduction and microtubule polymerisation. (embl.de)
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase: role in bacterial growth, virulence, cell signalling and polysaccharide synthesis. (embl.de)
As NTPs, particularly GTP, are important for cellular macromolecular synthesis and signalling mechanisms, Ndk plays an important role in bacterial growth, signal transduction and pathogenicity. (embl.de)

Each of Recombinetics' calves possessed two antibiotic resistance genes, along with other segments of superfluous bacterial DNA. (greenmedinfo.com)
However, it is important to note that roundup ready GM soy does not contain the antibiotic resistance gene, but the only gene that could potentially be transferred to the human digestive system is the bacterial EPSPS gene. (gmo-safety.eu)
Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae , methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis , and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species are several examples of species that have developed an antibiotic resistance but are still affected by tigecycline (Greer 2006). (kenyon.edu)
The antibiotic is structurally very similar to minocycline and similarly binds to the bacterial 30S ribosome unit. (kenyon.edu)
Our research aimed to use synthetized aroylated phenylenediamines (APDs) to induce the expression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene (CAMP) to minimize the necessity of antibiotic use during infection. (researchgate.net)

Genes recognized by σ70 all contain similar promoter consensus sequences consisting of two parts. (wikipedia.org)
important to the Court's decision is that claim 15 limits the species of nucleotide sequences to those that hybridize to the sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence under specified hybridization conditions. (patentdocs.org)
The new plant cell controls the activity of all the genes through the use of regulatory sequences. (gmo-safety.eu)
These regulatory sequences do not code for any protein but rather plays a central role in the regulation of gene activity in the soy plant by either switching the genes on or switching them off. (gmo-safety.eu)
With this GMO soy plant, standard molecular biotechnological methods were employed in demonstrating that a single complete copy of the bacterial EPSPS gene was present and flanked by two DNA sequences found in the genome of the roundup ready soy plant. (gmo-safety.eu)
Although the number of AgrA protein sequences has increased exponentially, the number of experimentally determined protein structures lags far behind. (ijpsr.com)
Specifically, TIMER uses DNA sequences as the input and employs three Siamese neural networks with the attention layers to train and optimize the models for a total of 13 species-specific and general bacterial promoters. (giwebb.com)

In this study, we undertook extensive genome-wide comparative analyses of twelve species that conform the Pectobacterium genus. (mdpi.com)
Then, we selected 48 genes that may encode uncharacterised effectors (e. g. no detectable amino acid identity to other proteins or with a particular putative biochemical activity) from the genome of C. trachomatis strain L2/434/Bu. (europa.eu)
Natural competence is a mode of horizontal gene transfer, which is based on the ability of a bacterium to take up free DNA from the environment and recombine it with the bacterial genome resulting in natural transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
But FDA's findings are potentially trivial besides another recent discovery about gene-editing: that foreign DNA from surprising sources can routinely find its way into the genome of edited animals. (greenmedinfo.com)
This indicated that the new gene of interest was stable and had integrated itself well into the Soy genome. (gmo-safety.eu)
There is also no evidence that points at the ability of the new gene in GM soy having a potential to integrate into the DNA genome of humans and thus poses no known health hazard. (gmo-safety.eu)
In participating UK research institutions, investigators can publish open access in Genome Research, Genes & Development, RNA, and Learning & Memory without article publication charges and all staff can read the entire renowned Cold Spring Harbor journal collection. (cshlpress.com)
Whole-genome transposon-mutagenesis (TM) followed by identification of insertion sites is one of the most practical and frequently used experimental approaches to screen for essential bacterial genes [ 6 - 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
genome (6.98?Mb) has expanded nearly twice to the size of (4.4?Mb) to accommodate more genes. (healthyguide.info)

Template plasmid for C-terminal PCR tagging of mammalian genes. (addgene.org)
To create our novel plasmids, we built derivatives of the conjugative plasmid, pTA-Mob 2.0, using designed gene deletions and cluster mutations to improve bacterial conjugation with yeasts ," explained Dr. Bogumil J. Karas, Assistant Professor at University of Western Ontario and corresponding author of the study that was published in Volume 2022 of BioDesign Research on 1 September 2022 . (eurekalert.org)
Thereafter, five derivative plasmids of M3C1 were created containing the traJ mutation, including the pSuperCon5 (pSC5) plasmid with additional elements for improved conjugative transfer to diverse yeast species and diatoms. (eurekalert.org)
Furthermore, the pSC5 plasmid allowed for successful DNA transfer to seven yeast species, including Candida auris -a known pathogen-albeit with varying levels of efficiency. (eurekalert.org)
Understanding the presence of plasmid vectors requires an appreciation of the basics of gene-editing, which, confusingly, are considerably distinct from what the word 'editing' means in ordinary English. (greenmedinfo.com)
The effectiveness of the isolated high-copy-number plasmid for the overproduction of recombinant proteins was successfully demonstrated with two protein models Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and α-amylase. (biomedcentral.com)
The strain carries plasmid p_(Ppromoter is usually fused to the blue-fluorescent cerulean protein gene as a reporter. (siamtech.net)
One of the few antigens against which mammals develop protective immunity is the highly polymorphic OspC protein, encoded by the ospC gene on the cp26 plasmid. (cdc.gov)

In this study, we investigated the regulation of the competence genes qstR and comEA as an example of the complex process that controls competence gene activation in V. cholerae . (biomedcentral.com)
His main research interests concern the identification of genes and enzymes involved in this pathway, the regulation of this metabolism, the mode of action of antibiotics and bacteriocins interfering with this pathway and the corresponding resistance mechanisms, as well as the molecular bases for the recognition of bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan by host innate immunity mechanisms. (degruyter.com)
The figure above demonstrates the manner in which gene regulation takes place in the roundup soy. (gmo-safety.eu)
But it is not known whether and how the regulation of gene expression also contributes to adaptation. (biomedcentral.com)
Taking the density of regulatory sites in promoters as a measure of the potential and complexity of gene regulation, we found it to be quantitatively the same in all three environments, despite their different physico-chemical conditions and species composition. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we constructed a transposon mutant library in S. marcescens FS14 to identify genes involved in the regulation of prodigiosin biosynthesis. (bvsalud.org)
Using sRNAs in our bacterial decoder will help us achieve on/off behavior rather than intermediate levels of outputs, since sRNAs do little at low concentrations but demonstrate strong regulation at high concentrations. (igem.org)
To also target low expressed essential genes, we included some variant steps that were expected to overcome the non-stringent regulation of the promoter carried by the expression vector used for the shotgun antisense libraries. (biomedcentral.com)
2004). Bopindolol malonate Overexpression of in resulted in the differential regulation of many cell wall\associated proteins and other genes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of surface polysaccharides and lippolysaccharides, believed to play important roles in host\pathogen interactions (Williams et?al. (healthyguide.info)
Furthermore, proteins involved in post\translation regulation of SigF activity are not characterized, making it difficult to define the regulation circuitry of this alternate sigma factor. (healthyguide.info)
The multiple degrees of regulation permit the bacterial cell to quickly AMD 070 induce σB activity in response to different environmental circumstances. (biotech2012.org)

Every cell has a "housekeeping" sigma factor that keeps essential genes and pathways operating. (wikipedia.org)
Resistance arises by mutation (influencing the target or efflux of the antimicrobial agent) or by the acquisition of resistance genes (encoding antimicrobial or target alter- ation, or alternate pathways) (2,3). (cdc.gov)
In accordance with preceding papers (402), Fig. 1 shows inhibition of genes downstream from the NF- B pathway (for instance the TNF gene), the IFN-I pathway (for instance the Mx1 gene), or both pathways (represented by Nos2). (atminhibitor.com)
The discovery of novel essential genes or pathways that have not yet been targeted by clinical antibiotics can underlie the development of alternative effective antibacterials to overcome existing mechanisms of resistance. (biomedcentral.com)

We aimed to identify novel essential genes in P. aeruginosa by shotgun antisense screening. (biomedcentral.com)
and 16 were "novel" essential genes with no homologs reported to have an essential role in other bacterial species. (biomedcentral.com)
For the first time in P. aeruginosa , we applied regulated antisense RNA expression and showed the feasibility of this technology for the identification of novel essential genes. (biomedcentral.com)

To validate the assay, we used a panel of 49 culture isolates comprising seven C. psittaci genotypes, eight C. pneumoniae isolates, seven other Chlamydia species, and 22 near-neighbor bacterial and viral isolates, along with 22 specimens from external quality assessment (EQA) panels and 34 nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs and cerebrospinal fluid, stool, and sputum specimens previously identified as positive or negative for C. psittaci or C. pneumoniae. (cdc.gov)
Bacterial metabolism selected lignin model compounds (vanillin, vanillate, 4- hydroxybenzoate, p-coumarate, benzoate, and ferulate) was carried out with three of the Pseudomonas isolates and in addition with the strain Pseudomonas putida KT2440 from a Introduction culture collection. (lu.se)

Her main research interests have been the study of Mur ligases from different bacterial species and the search for inhibitors of these enzymes. (degruyter.com)
For more than 30 years, his main research interests have been the functional and structural study of the enzymes of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, the determination of the structure of peptidoglycan from certain bacterial species, and the search for peptidoglycan biosynthesis inhibitors that could act as antibacterial agents. (degruyter.com)
Two such genes in Drosophila encode the enzymes dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) and tyrosine hydroxylase (ple) . (sdbonline.org)
Like virtually all enzymes these nucleases are proteins. (greenmedinfo.com)
These enzymes play important roles in bacterial growth, signal transduction and pathogenicity. (embl.de)
Cells depend on their DNA for coding information to make various classes of proteins that include enzymes, certain hormones, transport proteins, and structural proteins that support life. (cdc.gov)

2010). However, we earlier demonstrated that, is conserved in all the mycobacterial species analyzed and proposed that apart from regulating the expression of virulence genes in pathogenic mycobacteria, SigF is likely to play more roles in mycobacterial physiology (Singh and Singh 2008). (healthyguide.info)

For more than 15 years he has been involved in discovery of inhibitors of bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis as potential antibacterial agents. (degruyter.com)
An attractive pathway to resolve the problem of bacterial resistance to current antibacterial agents is targeting bacterial QS 10-14 . (ijpsr.com)

For example, the yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( S. cerevisiae ) is not only used as the primary fermenter for beer, bread and wine, but is also a critical component in the production of insulin, vaccines, and essential recombinant proteins. (eurekalert.org)
Thus, there is a big demand for high-copy-number plasmids for useful gene manipulation and overproduction of recombinant proteins in Leuconostoc . (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, expression plasmids are one of the most fundamental systems for genetic manipulations and protein production, especially to carry foreign DNA and to produce recombinant proteins in a host. (biomedcentral.com)

Selection of promoters by RNA polymerase is dependent on the sigma factor that associates with it. (wikipedia.org)
It is involved in ensuring the sigma factor will only bind the promoter when it is complexed with the RNA polymerase. (wikipedia.org)
Sigma factors are a class of proteins constituting essential dissociable subunits that confer sequence-specific DNA binding properties to RNA polymerase (RNAP). (hindawi.com)
Nonetheless,some of the putatively disrupted genes, such as isoleucyl andtyrosyl-tRNA synthetases (MG345 & MG455), DNA replication gene dnaA(MG469), and DNA polymerase HI, subunit alpha (MG261) are thought toperform essential functions. (fullblog.com.ar)
87(5): 1663-1667] Specifically, the investigators started by priming whole cerebellar RNA with a synthetic oligonucleotide containing a T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
Sigma factors reversibly associate with RNA polymerase and allow them to specifically direct the expression of specific set of genes. (healthyguide.info)

However, disruption of dltX drastically impaired the resistance of B. thuringiensis to CAMPs and significantly attenuated its virulence in two insect species. (frontiersin.org)
This is an indication that the right size and correct sequence of the gene of interest were genetically engineered into the soy plant to confer resistance to herbicides. (gmo-safety.eu)
A cluster and humans coming into contact with the animals (farm that includes three genes, vanH , vanA , and vanX , is required for high-level resistance to glycopeptides. (cdc.gov)
An attractive pathway to resolve this problem of resistance may be achieved by targeting the bacterial quorum sensing (QS) process. (ijpsr.com)
It is estimated that bacterial resistance can increase mortality and morbidity by two-fold 6 . (ijpsr.com)
A transgenic mouse with enhanced viral resistance transmissible to its offspring is prepared by introduction of a gene encoding a human interferon having antiviral activity into a host mouse. (justia.com)
Our invention relates to the introduction of the interferon gene of another animal species into a host animal, and to the production of a healthy transgenic animal with enhanced viral resistance which it can genetically transmit to its offspring. (justia.com)
1. Bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics has risen dramatically in Escherichia coli from food animals. (who.int)

Two homologs of the outer membrane protein OmpA were identified in Aeromonas salmonicida by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and amino-terminal sequence analyses. (shengsci.com)
This is the first report of any bacterial species possessing two genes for homologs of this major outer membrane protein. (shengsci.com)
In the vancomycin producer Amycolatopsis orientalis C329.2, homologs of these genes are present, suggesting an origin for the cluster. (cdc.gov)

Thus, preliminary, it is necessary to develop key tools such as plasmids, efficient transformation methods, and gene expression systems to make Leuconostoc a more promising host for use in a wide variety of applications. (biomedcentral.com)
Lateral gene transfers resulted in different linkages between the ospC gene and loci of the chromosome or other plasmids. (cdc.gov)

or using a transcriptionally 'stronger' promoter to express the endogenous yddG gene ( [3c] ). (patentdocs.org)

Although evidence has shown that vitamin D (VD) influences gut homeostasis, limited knowledge is available how VD regulates intestinal immunity against bacterial infection. (researchgate.net)
In contrast to CDK9, JQ1 lowered the stable association of CDK7 with the Nos2 promoter four and six h immediately after L. monocytogenes infection (Fig. 4C). (atminhibitor.com)
Staehelin suggested that an animal could be protected against viral infection by inserting a gene encoding the Mx protein into that animal, preferably at the single cell embryo stage. (justia.com)
2010). strain was attenuated for virulence in a mouse infection model despite persistence at high bacterial load in lungs compared with the isogenic wild type (Geiman et?al. (healthyguide.info)
Young infants aged 0-59days with signs of possible serious bacterial infection (pSBI) and age-matched controls provided blood and respiratory specimens that were analysed by blood culture and real-time PCR. (cdc.gov)
The collected risk factors from all mother-child pairs were classified and analysed against the PLCM using bivariate and stepwise logistic multivariable regression modelling to determine risk factors of probable bacterial infection. (cdc.gov)

It has also been shown [ ( PUBMED:2175255 ) ] that the Drosophila awd (abnormal wing discs) protein, is a microtubule-associated NDK. (embl.de)

He is director of research at CNRS and, since 2001, is the head of the Laboratory of Bacterial Envelopes and Antibiotics which, for more than 30 years, has been studying the biochemistry, genetics and physiology of the bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway as a whole. (degruyter.com)
Antibiotics in current use target a surprisingly small number of cellular functions: cell wall, DNA, RNA, and protein biosynthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Using an insertion deletion mutant of mc2 155 modulates the cell surface architecture and lipid biosynthesis, extending the repertoire of SigF function in this species. (healthyguide.info)

Many epibenthic Prorocentrum species produce lipophilic polyether toxins, some of which act as potent protein phosphatase inhibitors and tumor-promoters associated with Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP). (awi.de)
Occupational exposure limits with proteins such as topoisomerase inhibitors, and mitotic and meiotic spindle poisons. (cdc.gov)

Some sRNAs positively regulate a gene by binding to a folded mRNA and revealing the RBS. (igem.org)
The data help the notion that in the Nos2 promoter, Brd4 and potentially other JQ1-sensitive Brds regulate the binding of TFIIH/CDK7 rather than the binding of pTEFb/CDK9. (atminhibitor.com)

Acquisitions of OspC genes that are novel for the region confer to recipients unique identities to host immune systems and, presumably, selective advantage when immunity to existing types is widespread among hosts. (cdc.gov)

RS_01910 may encode a protein related to creatine transport. (frontiersin.org)

At the ribosome, the processed mRNA is translated to produce proteins from amino acid units. (cdc.gov)
Because alternative RNA splicing allows different types of mRNA molecules to be created from a single gene, it generates the diversity of protein function and structure that is essential to complex organisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
More than half of all human genes are alternatively spliced, so it is expected that alternative pre- mRNA splicing will be responsible for the identification of more than 90 percent of all human proteins. (genomicglossaries.com)
High- fidelity mRNA amplification for gene profiling. (genomicglossaries.com)
Highly specific and effective gene silencing of any disease can be achieved by an accurate knowledge of the target mRNA sequence and rational design of its complementary antisense agents for the downregulation of its protein message. (genomicglossaries.com)

we tested if these 22 C. trachomatis proteins with an N-terminal T3S signal were also secreted as full-length proteins after PyopE-dependent expression in Y. enterocolitica. (europa.eu)
This mutation lowered the expression of traJ , which significantly impacted the expression of other conjugative proteins, thereby promoting conjugation. (eurekalert.org)
Moreover, site-directed mutagenesis of these sites resulted in altered gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
This altered gene expression also correlated directly with protein levels, bacterial capacity for DNA uptake, and natural transformability. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on the data provided in this study we suggest that the identified sites are important for the expression of the competence genes qstR and comEA and therefore for natural transformability of V. cholerae even though the motifs might not reflect bona fide CRP-S sites. (biomedcentral.com)
However, full expression of those genes requires a QS-dependent secondary activator (HapR and QstR, respectively). (biomedcentral.com)
For the exogenous expression, the abaecin gene was fused with a tobacco etch virus protease cleavage site, a promoter Pglv, and a mature beta-glucanase signal peptide. (bocsci.com)
We, therefore constructed an in frame deletion mutant of dltX , without affecting the expression of the other genes of the operon. (frontiersin.org)
Expression of ompAI and ompAII separately in E. coli indicated that both genes could be independently transcribed from their own promoters and that both gene products were assembled into the E. coli outer membrane. (shengsci.com)
Expression of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae photolyase gene in Escherichia coli. (shengsci.com)
Pioneering work in the late 1990s through early 2010s resulted in vectors for gene deletion and expression in Clavibacter , but there is still reliance on these tools despite known limitations. (biorxiv.org)
While the sequencing of metagenomes provides an overview of the genes present in specific environments that can potentially play a role in adaptation, the analysis of expression provides a more precise picture of what functions are expressed and active in a particular moment of the environment. (biomedcentral.com)
Fighting bacterial infections by interfering with their command language and disrupting virulence expression could serve as a viable alternative. (ijpsr.com)
Fighting bacterial infections by interfering with their command language or QS and disrupting virulence expression could serve as an alternative way to inhibit growth 15-18 . (ijpsr.com)
Even though Leuconostoc has significant importance in bioindustry, there has not been much extensive research on the genetics and engineering of Leuconostoc yet because of a lack of gene expression/manipulation tools. (biomedcentral.com)
The mechanism whereby NM23 regulates gene expression is proposed to entail DNA-binding and subsequent alterations in promoter DNA structure. (embl.de)
A biological process that is crucial for gene expression in most animal life, including humans. (genomicglossaries.com)
Endogenous antisense RNAs function as regulators of gene expression by a variety of mechanisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
presents an opportunity to manipulate gene expression within the cells to treat various diseases, and acts as a powerful tool for studying gene function utilizing antisense agents to manage the diseases by regulating the expression of the specific factor that actually causes the particular disease. (genomicglossaries.com)
Expression was not reported, and the purpose of the study was to show that the technique could be used to study gene action during mammalian development. (justia.com)
The versatility of an expression system named Jungle Express opens the way for tightly controlled and efficient gene expression that is not restricted to host organism, substrate, or scale. (jbei.org)

22 ]. The transcriptional regulator QstR, which might require a cofactor for its full activity (indicated by the triangle), positively regulates the comEA gene potentially by binding to a QstR-specific binding motif (indicated by the dashed box and so far unidentified). (biomedcentral.com)
These structures reveal a unique, hitherto-unknown recognition mode of bacterial transcriptional promoters, both with respect to domain organization and binding to promoter DNA. (bvsalud.org)

They can be used to introduce synthetic, modified genes into the cells of other organisms. (eurekalert.org)
They imply, at the very least, the need for strong measures to prevent contamination by stray DNA, along with thorough scrutiny of gene-edited cells and gene-edited organisms. (greenmedinfo.com)
This often involves insertion of a gene of interest into living organisms depending on the species that you are working on. (gmo-safety.eu)

Sigma factors in E. coli: σ70(RpoD) - σA - the "housekeeping" sigma factor or also called as primary sigma factor (Group 1), transcribes most genes in growing cells. (wikipedia.org)

Region 4.2 recognizes and binds to the promoter −35 element. (wikipedia.org)
The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) receptor protein CRP, which is the global regulator of CCR, binds to regulatory DNA elements called CRP sites when in complex with cAMP. (biomedcentral.com)
Previous studies in Haemophilus influenzae suggested that the CRP protein binds competence-specific CRP-S sites under competence-inducing conditions, most likely in concert with the master regulator of transformation Sxy/TfoX. (biomedcentral.com)
The manner in which the molecule binds prevents amino-acyl tRNAs from binding to the A site of the ribosome and subsequently prevents peptide formation and bacterial growth. (kenyon.edu)

Further deletion mutation of rpoH gene showed no effect on prodigiosin production suggesting that the effect on prodigiosin production caused by transposon insertion is not due to the deletion of RpoH. (bvsalud.org)

additionally, a superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) was used as a reporter protein. (biomedcentral.com)

The number of sigma factors varies between bacterial species. (wikipedia.org)
In this study, a gene encoding for an rpoS -like sigma factor, rpoX , has been cloned and characterized. (hindawi.com)
2005). There are 28 sigma factor genes in in contrast with 13 reported in (Cole et?al. (healthyguide.info)
While the particular function of σB in was unknown subsequent function showed that substitute sigma factor has a key function in bacterial success under unfortunate circumstances including admittance into stationary stage (3 -6). (biotech2012.org)

What if instead of festooning pig cells with human proteins and then harvesting their organs, we use the animals to incubate human organs? (rickilewis.com)

Abaecin, an antimicrobial peptide obtained from Apis mellifera, can enhance the effect of pore-forming peptides from other species on the inhibition of bacterial growth. (bocsci.com)
Another regulatory sequence that is introduced into the soy plant is the chloroplast transit peptide gene that is derived from a petunia. (gmo-safety.eu)
Once the EPSPS enzyme is in the chloroplast, the chloroplast transit peptide is eliminated for the gene of interest to function. (gmo-safety.eu)

The aim of this is to introduce the novel gene of interest through the cell wall so that it integrates into the genetic material of the soy plant. (gmo-safety.eu)
This allows, for the first time, to search for the molecular and genetic basis of adaptation through the comparison and the study of genomes of different species sharing the same environment, and of similar species living in different conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
Vaccination may be with attenuated or inactivated virus, or with viral proteins produced by genetic engineering techniques. (justia.com)
and during this study the genetic characterisation of ESBLs genes was investigated. (who.int)

This technology provides a critical tool for the spatiotemporal targeting of potent bacterial therapeutics in a variety of biological and clinical scenarios. (nature.com)

As negative control, we used a fusion between the first 20 amino acids of a C. trachomatis ribosomal protein and TEM-1 (RplJ20-TEM-1). (europa.eu)

It has been discovered that a large number of bacterial species produce many virulence factors and form biofilms, which are regulated by the cell to cell communication process called quorum sensing (QS) 7-9 . (ijpsr.com)
Biofilms can attach to a surface such as a tooth or rock, and may include a single species or a diverse group of microorganisms. (wikipedia.org)

Addition of D -alanine to TAs reduces the negative charge of the cell envelope thereby preventing cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) from reaching their target of action on the bacterial surface. (frontiersin.org)

This indicates that the rpoX gene is involved in biofilm formation and stress response but the effects are controlled by colony phase variation in V. alginolyticus . (hindawi.com)
Based on this, we wanted to identify this protein in V. alginolyticus ZJ-51 and study whether it has a role in biofilm formation and stress response in the two colony phase variants. (hindawi.com)
Total biofilm (BF) mass as well as PIA- and protein-mediated biofilm proportions were determined by sodium-periodate and proteinase K treatments, respectively, as explained in Methods. (siamtech.net)
MPEG) ppat.1007618.s008.mpeg (28M) GUID:?81246A8F-64AC-4B63-86B4-4B86A2474DB2 S2 Video: Time lapse video of CLSM live cell imaging monitoring promoter activity (light blue) and eDNA release (reddish) in an PS10 biofilm during 20 hours of growth in chamber slides. (siamtech.net)
[2] [3] The cells within the biofilm produce the EPS components, which are typically a polymeric conglomeration of extracellular polysaccharides , proteins , lipids and DNA . (wikipedia.org)
[10] [11] A cell that switches to the biofilm mode of growth undergoes a phenotypic shift in behavior in which large suites of genes are differentially regulated . (wikipedia.org)

It seems that not until the technologies for working with nucleic acids and proteins are better integrated will their researchers be more connected than they are now. (genomicglossaries.com)
Aftertranscription, these fragments guide protein complexes that target foreign nucleic acids and promote their degradation. (pjmonline.org)

Her cells had been genetically modified to display a human protein that controls rejection of tissue transplanted from another species (a xenotransplant). (rickilewis.com)
Enter EnviropigTM , genetically modified to secrete bacterial phytase, controlled by a mouse promoter, in its saliva. (rickilewis.com)
February 12, 1987) observed inhibition of influenza virus in NIH 3T3 mouse cells genetically modified to express the mouse protein Mx. (justia.com)

Doing so, other heatshock proteins are expressed, which enable the cell to survive higher temperatures. (wikipedia.org)
These effectors manipulate host cell processes to enable e. g. bacterial invasion, acquisition of nutrients, inhibition of apoptosis, or interference with immune signalling. (europa.eu)
We also used atomic force microscopy to show that 20 μM abaecin combined with sublethal concentrations of cecropin A or stomoxyn causes profound structural changes to the bacterial cell surface. (bocsci.com)
Bulk cell-washing of Prorocentrum PA1, followed by growth with antibiotics, was only effective in reducing bacterial load in the initial growth stages, but did not yield axenic cultures or lower bacterial cell densities throughout the culture cycle. (awi.de)
There was no significant correlation between Prorocentrum cell volume, growth rate, bacterial cell counts, or cellular toxin concentration over the entire time-series culture cycle. (awi.de)
The role of this gene is to direct the soy plant cell to transport the bacterial EPSPS gene into the chloroplast of the plant cell. (gmo-safety.eu)
they use fewer cell resources, and they turn genes on or off more quickly. (igem.org)
The total chromosomal content of a cell involves approximately 105 genes in a specialized macromolecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (cdc.gov)
Thus, with its lack of genomic redundancy and contingenciesfor different environmental conditions, M. genitalium is already closeto being a minimal bacterial cell. (fullblog.com.ar)

In1999 some of the present inventors reported the first use of globaltransposon mutagenesis to experimentally determine the genes notessential for laboratory growth of M. genitalium{A). Since then therehave been numerous other experimental determinations of bacterialessential gene sets using our approach and other methods such as sitedirected gene knockouts and antisense RNA (5- 12). (fullblog.com.ar)
1999) Science 286, 2165-9), those authors estimatedthat 265 to 3,50 of the protein-coding genes of M. genitalium areessential under laboratory growth conditions(4). (fullblog.com.ar)

NM23 belongs to a large family of structurally and functionally conserved proteins consisting of 4-6 identically folded subunits of approximately 16-20 kDa. (embl.de)

Comprehensive set of (differentially portrayed) genes. (siamtech.net)

A protein consists of one or more chains of amino acids (called polypeptides) whose sequence is encoded in a gene. (genome.gov)
At the front of the bacterial EPSPS gene in the roundup, soy is the regulatory sequence that directs the plant to switch genes on or off. (gmo-safety.eu)
This is the CaMV 35S promoter sequence is derived from cauliflower mosaic virus. (gmo-safety.eu)
Additionally, there is no sequence similarity to the gene to allergens and thus has no ability to cause allergenic reactions. (gmo-safety.eu)
The nucleotide sequence of RsaE is usually conserved between both species. (siamtech.net)
That, too, continues to be misreported as editing 62 genes -- it was 62 copies of the same DNA sequence. (rickilewis.com)

Taking the inhibition of Pol II binding into account, JQ1 didn't reduce CTD phosphorylation at S2 (Fig. 4E), i.e., the ratio of Pol II to pS2Pol II in the TSS or unique regions with the Nos2 gene did not lower (Fig. 4F). (atminhibitor.com)
The pS5Pol II/Pol II ratio increased as the enzyme proceeded to transcribe the Nos2 gene, most likely because of the reduce in S5 phosphorylation occurring through elongation, but it continued to show significant JQ1 inhibition (Fig. 4H). (atminhibitor.com)

By means of DNA sequencing of a large sample collection of the pathogen from across the United States, we studied the gene for the bacterium's highly diverse OspC protein, protective immunity against which develops in animals. (cdc.gov)

Antisense is the non-coding DNA strand of a gene. (genome.gov)

Multiplex Real-time PCR Assay for the Detection of all Chlamydia Species and Simultaneous Differentiation of C. psittaci and C. pneumoniae in Human Clinical Specimens. (cdc.gov)
Next-generation sequencing was used to identify unique targets to design real-time PCR assays targeting all Chlamydia species, C. psittaci, and C. pneumoniae. (cdc.gov)

An animal model is a non-human species used in biomedical research because it can mimic aspects of a biological process or disease found in humans. (genome.gov)
Tightly regulated promoters are essential for numerous biological applications, where strong inducibility, portability, and scalability are desirable. (jbei.org)

T3S assays performed with T3S-competent Y. enterocolitica or with an isogenic T3S-deficient strain individually expressing the TEM-1 fusions revealed a statistically significant higher level of secretion of 22 fusion proteins relative to RplJ20-TEM-1. (europa.eu)

OBJECTIVE: Risk factors predisposing infants to community-acquired bacterial infections during the first 2months of life are poorly understood in South Asia. (cdc.gov)

For this, we constructed translational fusions comprising the first 20 amino acids of the IncA or IncC effectors and a reporter protein (the mature form of TEM-1 beta-lactamase), expressed under the control of the Y. enterocolitica yopE effector gene promoter (PyopE). (europa.eu)
The protein is composed of 279 amino acids. (hindawi.com)
This is because this is the location where the amino acids that make up the protein are produced. (gmo-safety.eu)

Twenty-one bacterial genera belonging to Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were identified by amplification of the 16S rRNA gene marker from nine clonal Prorocentrum cultures, with g-proteobacteria comprising the dominant class. (awi.de)
Phylogenetic affiliations of mesopelagic acantharia and acantharian-like environmental 18S rRNA genes off the southern California coast. (mbl.edu)

The encoded proteins (Mr = 33,564 and 32,536 for mature OmpAI and OmpAII, respectively) had only 64% identity with each other and otherwise had the highest level of homology to OmpA proteins from the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. (shengsci.com)
In order to derive structures of these AgrA proteins, homology modeling approach was employed. (ijpsr.com)

Thirteen proteins showed a statistically significant higher level of secretion than full-length C. trachomatis RplJ. (europa.eu)
We also tested secretion of 11 out of these 13 proteins when expressed from an arabinose-inducible promoter in Y. enterocolitica, which revealed T3S-dependent secretion of 7 proteins. (europa.eu)

Domains 2-4 each interact with specific promoter elements and with RNAP. (wikipedia.org)

Identification of the transposon insertion sites revealed that they are classified into three groups: the coding region of cyaA and two component system eepS/R and the promoter region of rpoH. (bvsalud.org)
The1999 report by some of the present inventors on the essential microbialgene for M. genitalium and its closest relative, Mycoplasma pneumoniae,mapped ~2200 transposon insertion sites in these two species, andidentified 130 putatively non-essential M. genitalium protein-codinggenes or M. pneumoniae orthologs of M. genitalium genes. (fullblog.com.ar)
Most of thegenes containing transposon insertions encoded either hypotheticalproteins or other proteins not expected to be essential. (fullblog.com.ar)
For example, even if comprehensive insertion libraries are produced, it is inevitable that some genes, especially the shortest ones, could elude insertion and be spuriously annotated as essential, while transposon insertions that occur at gene ends and do not fully inactivate the function could lead to genes being incorrectly classified as non-essential. (biomedcentral.com)

This system is present in most archaeal species and approxi-mately half of all bacterial species. (pjmonline.org)

Anatomy15

Organisms21

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs96

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes99

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science4

Pathogens11

Bacteria40

Specific genes4

Encodes6

Transcription16

Strains7

Synthesis9

Antibiotic5

Sequences7

Genome9

Plasmid8

Regulation11

Pathways4

Essential genes3

Isolates2

Enzymes6

Pathogenic1

Antibacterial agents2

Recombinant proteins3

Polymerase6

Resistance8

Homologs3

Plasmids2

Transcriptionally1

Infection6

Drosophila1

Biosynthesis3

Inhibitors2

Regulate2

Confer1

Encode1

MRNA5

Expression21

Transcriptional2

Organisms3

Coli1

Binds4

Deletion1

Superfolder green fluores1

Sigma4

Human proteins1

Peptide3

Genetic4

Potent1

Ribosomal1

Biofilms2

Antimicrobial1

Biofilm6

Nucleic2

Genetically modified3

Cell9

Growth2

Functionally1

Differentially1

Sequence6

Inhibition2

Immunity1

Antisense1

Chlamydia2

Biological2

Strain1

Infections1

Amino acids3

RRNA2

Homology2

Secretion2

RNAP1

Transposon4

Archaeal1