• The presence of anti-mitochondrial antibody is more suggestive of primary biliary cholangitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bile duct abnormalities (cholangitis, ductal injury, ductular reaction) can be seen and should prompt evaluation for primary biliary cholangitis or sarcoidosis if granulomas are observed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Autoimmune hepatitis-primary sclerosing cholangitis overlap syndrome is a form of autoimmune hepatitis with cholestatic features and is characterized by negative anti-mitochondrial antibody and cholangiographic changes on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Peripheral blood hypereosinophilia in conjunction with autoimmune hepatitis-primary sclerosing cholangitis overlap syndrome has not been reported yet. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we present a case of autoimmune hepatitis-primary sclerosing cholangitis overlap syndrome with hypereosinophilia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis-primary sclerosing cholangitis overlap syndrome was made, and prednisolone, azathioprine, and ursodeoxycholic acid was initiated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Autoimmune hepatitis-primary sclerosing cholangitis (AIH-PSC) overlap syndrome is a clinical, biochemical, immunological, and histological feature of AIH with cholangiographic abnormalities characteristic of PSC [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • His clinical interests include autoimmune liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. (iuhealth.org)
  • Dr. Stevens' research interests include autoimmune hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, transition to adult care, and hematologic and oncologic-associated GI and liver conditions. (choa.org)
  • Autoimmune hepatitis/cholangitis in patient with Crohn's disease. (doctorsmedicalopinion.com)
  • Hepatic biopsy, that was performed during this hospitslization, showed evidence of an overlap syndrome picture (cholangitis/hepatitis). (doctorsmedicalopinion.com)
  • Hepatic biopsy with evidence of an overlap syndrome picture (cholangitis/hepatitis) . (doctorsmedicalopinion.com)
  • Dr. Sara Kathryn Smith is a pediatric gastroenterologist at the Johns Hopkins Children's Center in Baltimore, Maryland, specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of liver disorders, such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis, Wilson's disease, metabolic diseases, biliary atresia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and acute liver failure. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Additionally, ASMA can be positive in primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and overlap syndromes associated with AIH-1. (medscape.com)
  • Familial associations between autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis and other autoimmune diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • Precision medicine in primary biliary cholangitis. (cdc.gov)
  • Sixty percent of patients have findings associated with chronic hepatitis but without serologic evidence of a viral infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • The diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis is best achieved with a combination of clinical, laboratory, and histological findings after excluding other etiological factors (e.g. viral, hereditary, metabolic, cholestatic, and drug-induced liver diseases). (wikipedia.org)
  • The disease often is associated with other autoimmune diseases, but autoimmune hepatitis cannot be explained on the basis of chronic viral infection, alcohol consumption, or exposure to hepatotoxic medications or chemicals. (medscape.com)
  • Note that ASMAs occur in low titers in healthy children and patients with viral hepatitis and other diseases that do not affect the liver. (medscape.com)
  • Testing is typically ordered when someone is experiencing symptoms, especially if they have other types of autoimmune disorders or have already tested negative for viral hepatitis. (requestatest.com)
  • Viral and autoimmune hepatitis were excluded, and secondary workups for hypereosinophilia were all negative. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Infectious diseases were excluded by negative results for viral markers [hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C virus antibody, hepatitis A virus antibody (IgM), and anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody], serum antibodies to helminthic parasites, serologic test for Fasciola hepatica , and stool examinations for parasites and protozoa were all negative. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Testing a sample of your blood for antibodies can distinguish autoimmune hepatitis from viral hepatitis and other conditions with similar symptoms. (sparrow.org)
  • When that inflammation is caused by a virus, it's referred to as viral hepatitis. (healthline.com)
  • Most types of viral hepatitis are contagious, but you can reduce your risk by getting vaccinated for types A and B and by taking other preventive steps, including using a condom during sex and not sharing needles. (healthline.com)
  • Hepatitis B. This type of viral hepatitis can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term). (healthline.com)
  • In the United States, the most common causes of viral hepatitis are hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • It is therefore important to rule out other causes of liver disease like viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis and drug-induced hepatitis while making the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. (hepatitisprohelp.com)
  • [ 6 ] These antibodies were later demonstrated to be present in other conditions, including viral hepatitis, malignancy, heroin use, and other autoimmune liver diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis. (medscape.com)
  • Type 1 is more common and often affects people with other types of autoimmune disorders such as Sjogren's Syndrome, Type 1 Diabetes, and Ulcerative Colitis. (requestatest.com)
  • About half the people with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis have other autoimmune disorders, such as celiac disease, rheumatoid arthritis or ulcerative colitis. (sparrow.org)
  • A recent review published in the Journal of Autoimmunity discussed the applications of single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing (scRNA-seq) in understanding autoimmune disorders. (news-medical.net)
  • The review also explored a combination of single-cell sequencing technologies and multi-dimensional and multi-molecular analysis approaches in targeting the molecular mechanisms of AID, which would provide a basis for examining the pathogenesis and molecular markers of autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders in the future. (news-medical.net)
  • Primary Sjogren's syndrome occurs in the absence of other autoimmune disorders. (medicalmarijuana.com)
  • Secondary Sjogren's syndrome occurs with other autoimmune disorders, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, and is generally more serious than primary Sjogren's syndrome. (medicalmarijuana.com)
  • Most people have never heard about Sjogren's but is it important to know that it's a disease that often accompanies other autoimmune disorders rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and other which are marked by inflammation of connective tissues. (medicalmarijuana.com)
  • Dr. Lammert completed his gastroenterology and hepatology fellowship at Mayo Clinic, where he focused his research efforts on autoimmune disorders of the liver. (iuhealth.org)
  • Vascular disorders of the lung: thromboembolism, pulmonary infarction and hemorrhage, pulmonary hypertension (primary and secondary). (unibo.it)
  • 1 People with type 2 can also have any of the above autoimmune disorders. (hepatitisprohelp.com)
  • Primary immunodeficiencies are a group of more than 150 disorders, often inherited, that are caused by intrinsic defects in the immune system. (medscape.com)
  • Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders present in 5% to 50% of patients with primary immunodeficiencies. (medscape.com)
  • This review highlights the GI manifestations of the more common primary immunodeficiency disorders, focusing on the recognition of these diseases, appropriate diagnostic testing, and therapy. (medscape.com)
  • Without treatment, autoimmune hepatitis may get worse and lead to complications, such as cirrhosis. (nih.gov)
  • Autoimmune hepatitis may present as acute or chronic hepatitis or as well-established cirrhosis. (medscape.com)
  • Prolongation of the international normalized ratio (INR) and hypoalbuminemia: These markers of severe hepatic synthetic dysfunction may be observed in patients with acute severe autoimmune hepatitis or decompensated cirrhosis. (medscape.com)
  • Liver transplantation can save the lives of patients dying from decompensated cirrhosis caused by autoimmune hepatitis. (medscape.com)
  • We studied 78 consecutive untreated AIH-1 patients and 160 controls: 22 with autoimmune hepatitis type 2 (AIH-2), 51 with hepatitis C, 17 with coeliac disease (CD), 20 with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and 50 blood donors. (bmj.com)
  • Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) and Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) are important immune mediated liver diseases. (manipal.edu)
  • If left untreated, autoimmune hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. (requestatest.com)
  • Untreated autoimmune hepatitis can lead to scarring of the liver (cirrhosis) and eventually to liver failure. (sparrow.org)
  • Autoimmune hepatitis that goes untreated can cause permanent scarring of the liver tissue (cirrhosis). (sparrow.org)
  • In retrospective, observational research from an infectious disease clinic in Belgrade, an international team of investigators reported conditions including hepatitis C virus (HCV) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) were associated with increased rates of COVID-19-related mortality-while cirrhosis was considered an independent risk factor for death due to COVID-19. (hcplive.com)
  • What Should I Know About Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC)? (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic disease characterized by progressive inflammation and destruction of the small bile ducts within the liver. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • What Is the Medical Definition of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC)? (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Since cirrhosis occurs only in the later stage of PBC, the name primary biliary cirrhosis is actually a misnomer for patients in the earlier stages of the illness. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • How Common Is Primary Biliary Cirrhosis? (emedicinehealth.com)
  • 比较自身免疫性肝炎(autoimmune hepatitis, AIH)与自身免疫性肝炎-原发性胆汁性肝 硬化(primary biliary cirrhosis (wjgnet.com)
  • Moreira RK, Lee H, Stapp R, Ormsby A, Shah V. Immunohistochemical staining of inflammatory cells in liver biopsy specimens of patients with autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and overlap syndromes. (umassmed.edu)
  • The usefulness of IgG and IgM immunostaining of periportal inflammatory cells (plasma cells and lymphocytes) for the distinction of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis and their staining pattern in autoimmune hepatitis-primary biliary cirrhosis overlap syndrome. (umassmed.edu)
  • formerly known as primary biliary cirrhosis) is an autoimmune liver disorder characterized by the progressive destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts, leading. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Symptoms and physical examination findings may stem from extrahepatic diseases associated with autoimmune hepatitis. (medscape.com)
  • The 2019 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) practice guideline states: "The diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis cannot be made without liver biopsy and compatible histologic findings. (medscape.com)
  • Vitamin D deficiency has been commonly present in patients with immune-mediated liver and non-liver diseases, and it has been associated with histological severity, advanced hepatic fibrosis, and non-response to conventional glucocorticoid therapy in autoimmune hepatitis. (springer.com)
  • In conclusion, vitamin D has properties that could ameliorate immune-mediated disease, and vitamin D deficiency has been a common finding in immune-mediated liver and non-liver diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis. (springer.com)
  • Other autoimmune diseases may accompany this type of autoimmune hepatitis. (sparrow.org)
  • This extensive immune cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and different antigen groups may play a role in the multi-system disease process of COVID-19, influence the severity of the disease, precipitate the onset of autoimmunity in susceptible subgroups, and potentially exacerbate autoimmunity in subjects that have pre-existing autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • The review comprehensively covered the principles, procedures, and sequencing platforms used in scRNA-seq, and explored its use in understanding the mechanisms of nine systemic and 32 organ-specific autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. (news-medical.net)
  • Research progress of single-cell transcriptome sequencing in autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory disease: A review. (news-medical.net)
  • Autoimmune diseases (AID) are a complex phenomenon involving various types of cells. (news-medical.net)
  • Autoimmune diseases are broadly divided into organ-specific and non-organ-specific AID. (news-medical.net)
  • Certain diseases - such as hepatitis C - can return causing complications that require treatment. (templehealth.org)
  • It is difficult to suspect autoimmune hepatitis only based on the symptoms since several liver diseases cause similar symptoms. (hepatitisprohelp.com)
  • The role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis is supported by many autoimmune features of oral lichen planus, including its chronicity, onset in adults, predilection for females, association with other autoimmune diseases, occasional tissue-type associations, depressed immune-suppressor activity in patients with oral lichen planus, and the presence of autocytotoxic T-cell clones in lichen planus lesions. (medscape.com)
  • Support of precision medicine through risk-stratification in autoimmune liver diseases - histology, scoring systems, and non-invasive markers. (cdc.gov)
  • People who already have an autoimmune disease, such as celiac disease, rheumatoid arthritis or hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease or Hashimoto's thyroiditis), may be more likely to develop autoimmune hepatitis. (sparrow.org)
  • The review provided a comprehensive report on the use of scRNA-seq in understanding the following systemic AID: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, primary Sjogren's syndrome, Kawasaki disease, systemic sclerosis, macrophage activation syndrome, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and Behcet's disease. (news-medical.net)
  • Anti-LC1 antibodies occur alone in 30% of patients with autoimmune hepatitis type 2 (AIH-2). (medscape.com)
  • and to correlate A-FAA positivity with clinical, immunogenetic, laboratory, and histological features in patients with autoimmune hepatitis type 1 (AIH-1). (bmj.com)
  • Anomalous presentation of MHC class II receptors on the surface of liver cells, possibly due to genetic predisposition or acute liver infection, causes a cell-mediated immune response against the body's own liver, resulting in autoimmune hepatitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection resolves in most patients uneventfully within weeks from the onset of the disease. (elsevier.es)
  • Here we present a case of a 36-year-old female patient who developed severe pruritus and jaundice three weeks after initially uncomplicated hepatitis A. A relapse of the infection was excluded. (elsevier.es)
  • The disease is also linked to hepatitis A, B or C infection. (sparrow.org)
  • Third, are there any concerns for autoimmune development with either infection or vaccination with SARS-CoV-2? (frontiersin.org)
  • [4] While there have been case reports of hepatitis in immunocompromised children associated with adenovirus type 41 infection, adenovirus type 41 is not known to be a cause of hepatitis in otherwise healthy children. (cdc.gov)
  • and known positive human immunodeficiency status or active hepatitis B or C infection. (onclive.com)
  • ABSTRACT There is strong epidemiological evidence linking hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and diabetes. (who.int)
  • GI manifestations can be broadly classified into 4 groups: infection, inflammation, malignancy, and autoimmune. (medscape.com)
  • Of the multiple forms of ASMAs, antibodies against filamentous (F) actin may have the highest sensitivity for identifying patients with autoimmune hepatitis. (medscape.com)
  • The types of antibodies a person has can aid in making a diagnosis and well as differentiating between the 2 types of autoimmune hepatitis. (requestatest.com)
  • Also, the workup for autoimmune hepatitis [antinuclear antibodies (ANA), smooth muscle antibody (SMA), anti-liver kidney microsomal type 1 (anti-LKM antibody 1) and anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)] was negative. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this mechanism, antibodies formed against SARS-CoV-2 would also bind to human tissue proteins leading to autoimmune reactivity. (frontiersin.org)
  • In 1973, Gabbiani et al suggested that smooth-muscle antibodies were probably towards actin when they demonstrated elimination of all smooth-muscle antibody activity in the sera of 5 patients with chronic active hepatitis using a preparation of platelet-derived actin called thrombosthenin A. (medscape.com)
  • These primary antibodies are then visualized by tagging them with a fluorescein conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody, which serves as the secondary antibody. (medscape.com)
  • Doctors treat autoimmune hepatitis with medicines that suppress your immune system, most often corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. (nih.gov)
  • Doctors may recommend that people who take corticosteroids to treat autoimmune hepatitis also take dietary supplements of calcium and vitamin D to help prevent osteoporosis. (nih.gov)
  • Coeliac disease is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks the small intestine after being exposed to the food component gluten. (gdx.net)
  • Secondary Sjogren's syndrome is more likely than primary Sjogren's syndrome to lead to complications. (medicalmarijuana.com)
  • In other cases, the vasculitis may occur as part of another disorder, such as systemic lupus erythematosus or hepatitis C. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For more than four decades, corticosteroids, either alone or in combination with azathioprine, have been the mainstays of drug therapy for patients with autoimmune hepatitis. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] Budesonide (in combination with azathioprine) is now considered to be first-line therapy for autoimmune hepatitis. (medscape.com)
  • However, the risk of primary cancer clinically as an immunosuppressant maceutical drugs ciclosporin and in the transplant recipient increases to treat certain autoimmune diseas- azathioprine. (who.int)
  • cough (pertussis) organisms, highly purified, non-infectious particles of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hib component as under consideration. (who.int)
  • Surface antigen of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is obtained by immunization, and also inquire about the recent health status of the child to be injected. (who.int)
  • Parents of a child with a family history y tétanos, organismos inactivados de tos ferina (pertussis), partículas no-infecciosas, altamente purificadas del antígeno de culturing genetically engineered Hansenula polymorpha yeast cells having the surface antigen gene of the Hepatitis B virus. (who.int)
  • Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) expressed in the cells of Hansenula polymorpha is purified through several chemical steps instructed regarding appropriate medical care in the unlikely event of a seizure. (who.int)
  • Many people with autoimmune hepatitis have no symptoms. (nih.gov)
  • Individuals with autoimmune hepatitis often have no initial symptoms and the disease may be detected by abnormal liver function tests and increased protein levels during routine bloodwork or the observation of an abnormal-looking liver during abdominal surgery. (wikipedia.org)
  • Signs and symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis vary from person to person and may come on suddenly. (sparrow.org)
  • However, Hepatitis NSW says that a few general symptoms can indicate some kind of severe liver damage. (healthline.com)
  • It's often spread through contact with blood from someone with hepatitis C. While it often doesn't cause symptoms in its early stages, it can lead to permanent liver damage in its later stages. (healthline.com)
  • Autoimmune hepatitis may present completely asymptomatic (12-35% of the cases), with signs of chronic liver disease, or acute or even fulminant hepatic failure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Where can I find an Autoimmune Hepatitis (Liver Disease) Panel near me? (requestatest.com)
  • Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The Celiac Disease Foundation (CDF) advises that diagnosing the condition early lowers the chance of developing another autoimmune condition. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • For example, if a doctor diagnoses celiac disease in someone between ages 2-4, they have a 10.5% chance of developing another autoimmune condition. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The exact cause of autoimmune hepatitis is unclear, but genetic and enviromental factors appear to interact over time in triggering the disease. (sparrow.org)
  • A liver transplant may be an option when autoimmune hepatitis doesn't respond to drug treatments or in cases of advanced liver disease. (sparrow.org)
  • Although both males and females can develop autoimmune hepatitis, the disease is more common in females. (sparrow.org)
  • Having an autoimmune disease. (sparrow.org)
  • The aim of this study was to characterize glycosylation disturbances in pediatric patients with primary liver disease. (nih.gov)
  • All pediatric patients with primary liver disease had increased asialo-Tf as well as monosialo-Tf isoforms. (nih.gov)
  • Sjogren's syndrome that involves the gland inflammation (resulting in dryness of the eyes and mouth, etc.), but not associated with a connective tissue disease, is referred to as primary Sjogren's syndrome. (medicalmarijuana.com)
  • And Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Non Alcoholic SteatoHepatitis (NASH), NAFLD's more severe form, are both epidemic: their primary cause is probably obesity. (drjohnlapuma.com)
  • Coeliac disease is defined as an autoimmune enteropathy of the small intestine, caused by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically pre-disposed individuals. (gdx.net)
  • Hopefully, this article has given you hope and several major action steps to reduce inflammation and heal autoimmune disease. (hepatitisprohelp.com)
  • Dr. Smith has been the co-investigator in NIH, FDA, and pharmacy-initiated studies for children with liver disease and post-liver transplant, including Hepatitis C and NAFLD/NASH. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The specific antigen that triggers lichen planus is unknown, although it may be a self-peptide (or altered self-peptide), in which case lichen planus would be a true autoimmune disease. (medscape.com)
  • Current data suggest that oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease in which autocytotoxic CD8 + T cells trigger the apoptosis of oral epithelial cells. (medscape.com)
  • Doctors diagnose autoimmune hepatitis based on a combination of information from your medical history, a physical exam, blood tests, imaging tests, and liver biopsy. (nih.gov)
  • No single test can diagnose autoimmune hepatitis. (nih.gov)
  • Clinical providers caring for children with hepatitis of unknown etiology should refer to the latest guidance available. (cdc.gov)
  • Now actively recruiting patients, our PALIZADE and PORTOLA clinical trials are designed to demonstrate zetomipzomib's potential to be a steroid-sparing, immunomodulating treatment for multiple autoimmune conditions. (businesswire.com)
  • Analyses of syndromic surveillance data did not indicate recent increases in pediatric hepatitis-associated ED visits or hospitalizations, liver transplants, or adenovirus type 40 or 41 percent positivity among US children, compared with pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels. (cdc.gov)
  • Long-term minocycline use for acne in healthy adolescents can cause severe autoimmune hepatitis. (umassmed.edu)
  • Results: After the mouse cryptorchidism model was successfully constructed, the HE staining results showed that the damage of spermatogonia cells, primary spermatocytes and sperm cells in the seminiferous tubules became more severe with time. (bvsalud.org)
  • The prevailing theory for the development of autoimmune hepatitis is thought to be the interplay of genetic predisposition, an environmental trigger (virus, drugs, herbs, immunizations), and failure of the native immune system resulting in chronic inflammation of hepatocytes and subsequent fibrosis of the liver. (wikipedia.org)
  • Beyazit Y, Kocak E, Tanoglu A, Kekilli M. Oxidative stress might play a role in low serum vitamin D associated liver fibrosis among patients with autoimmune hepatitis. (springer.com)
  • Periportal lesions, also known as interface hepatitis, that spare the biliary tree (may include centrizonal necrosis). (wikipedia.org)
  • Autoimmune Hepatitis is a disorder in which the body's own immune system mistakenly targets cells in the liver. (requestatest.com)
  • Autoimmune hepatitis is liver inflammation that occurs when your body's immune system turns against liver cells. (sparrow.org)
  • When diagnosed and treated early, however, autoimmune hepatitis often can be controlled with drugs that suppress the immune system. (sparrow.org)
  • Just why the body turns against itself is unclear, but researchers think autoimmune hepatitis could be caused by the interaction of genes controlling immune system function and exposure to particular viruses or drugs. (sparrow.org)
  • In an autoimmune disorder, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. (medicalmarijuana.com)
  • Autoimmune conditions involve your immune system mistakenly attacking healthy cells in your body. (healthline.com)
  • Leveraging Social Networking Sites for an Autoimmune Hepatitis Genetic Repository: Pilot Study to Evaluate Feasibility. (cdc.gov)
  • A low plasma bicarbonate (HCO3-) concentration represents, by definition, metabolic acidosis, which may be primary or secondary to a respiratory alkalosis. (medscape.com)
  • Primary metabolic acidoses that occur as a result of a marked increase in endogenous acid production (eg, lactic or keto acids) or progressive accumulation of endogenous acids when excretion is impaired by renal insufficiency are characterized by decreased plasma bicarbonate concentration and increased anion gap without hyperchloremia. (medscape.com)
  • Sjogren's syndrome is a common autoimmune disorder that attacks moisture-producing glands of the body, such as the glands that produce tears and saliva. (medicalmarijuana.com)
  • There are two types of Sjogren's syndrome, primary and secondary. (medicalmarijuana.com)
  • Vitamin D analogues that are independent of hepatic hydroxylation constitute an investigational opportunity to supplement current management of autoimmune hepatitis. (springer.com)