Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are a group of parasitic worms infecting both humans and animals living in resource-limited settings ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Using an appropriate diagnostic tool is essential to soil-transmitted helminth control and elimination efforts. (bvsalud.org)
in humans who had no history of travel outside Ecuador and who lived in a region of the country where soil-transmitted helminths are endemic. (cdc.gov)
In 2000, we collected fecal samples from a convenience subsample of preschool children, schoolchildren, and daycare staff in a larger cross-sectional study of the relationship between soil-transmitted helminth infections and allergy among urban and rural populations living in the Provinces of Pichincha and Esmeraldas, Ecuador. (cdc.gov)
Parasites4
The effect of the ecological context of the host on the bacterial microbiome and gastrointestinal helminth parasites has been tested in a number of ecosystems and experimentally. (uu.nl)
In addition, we observed significant correlations between gastrointestinal parasites and bacterial microbiota composition in these lemurs, with 0.4-0.7% of the variation in faecal bacterial microbiota composition being explained by helminth infections. (uu.nl)
T H 2 cells mediate protective immunity to helminth parasites that are common in regions of the world where vitamin A deficiency is prevalent [23] , [24] . (prolekarniky.cz)
Infections10
infections, but prevalence of bacteremia and risk for death are high. (cdc.gov)
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) among indigenous people have been widely documented in Malaysia, however, the prevalence of these infections remains high. (biomedcentral.com)
The high prevalence of IPIs among these two sub-ethnic groups indicates that parasitic infections are important health issues in these communities. (biomedcentral.com)
The high prevalence of recurrent malaria, tuberculosis, chronic helminth infections, and water-borne pathogens in developing countries may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection in persons living in such regions [ 1,2 ]. (lww.com)
[ 11 ] Newer host-related challenges, such as the increasing prevalence of obesity, and system-related problems, such as healthcare-acquired infections, represent other challenges for successful infection prevention. (medscape.com)
Specifically, AAMφ are an inducible source of RA synthesis during helminth infections and T H 2 responses that may be important in regulating immune responses. (prolekarniky.cz)
Helminth infections induce strong type 2 cell-mediated immune responses, characterized among other things by production of high levels of interleukin- (IL-) 4 and IL-13. (hindawi.com)
Such evolution may be explained by different phenomena, the most evident being that many helminths undertake specific multiorgan migratory trajectories before reaching their final destination such as the lung, intestine, liver, or blood vessels where they can persist and cause chronic infections. (hindawi.com)
Studies on mouse models of helminth infections have provided essential findings towards understanding type 2 immunity induction as well as its effector functions [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Historically, a major gastrointestinal focus in asthma has been helminth infections [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Infection12
citation needed] Global prevalence or incidence of coinfection among humans is unknown, but it is thought to be commonplace, sometimes more common than single infection. (wikipedia.org)
For some specific helminth infection such as O. viverrini, multiplex qPCR is still a preferable choice of diagnostic test. (bvsalud.org)
Neither test performed well when the prevalence of infection is low (below 2%), and certainly in the case for hookworm and Trichuris trichiura. (bvsalud.org)
infection prevalence were highest in a previously intensely logged site, whereas Callistoura spp. (uu.nl)
Background, Methods: To elucidate the prevalence and molecular characterization of Giardia infection in dogs, a cross-sectional study was performed on stray and housed dogs from different localities of Egypt. (researchgate.net)
However, the importance of RA in the generation of T H 2 responses during helminth infection is not well characterized and the population of cells responsible for RA synthesis in this setting has not been identified. (prolekarniky.cz)
We can take advantage of a variety of helminth models available, each of which have their own feature including life cycle, site of infection, or pathological mechanisms influencing macrophage biology. (hindawi.com)
Here, we reviewed the recent advances from the laboratory mouse about macrophage origin, polarization, activation, and effector functions during parasitic helminth infection. (hindawi.com)
Parasitic helminths generally induce strong type 2 immunity that normally controls parasite infection and is characterized by production of type 2 cytokines like interleukin- (IL-) 4, IL-5, and IL-13 by innate cells (group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages) and CD4 + T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes. (hindawi.com)
Type 2 cell-mediated immunity is a general feature of helminth infection regardless of the multivariate sites of colonization of the numerous helminth species [ 11 ] and is conserved from jawed fish to mammals [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
An important aspect about type 2 cell-mediated responses against parasitic helminths is that they are induced for controlling parasite infection but they also mediate the tolerance of parasite persistence [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Evaluation of schistosomiasis control programs, a snail-borne disease caused by Schistosoma spp, requires accurate diagnostic techniques to assess the infection status when low prevalence is achieved in endemic areas under mass drug administration (MDA). (unl.pt)
Ribosomal3
We used 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to characterise the bacterial microbiota composition, and faecal flotation to isolate and morphologically identify nematode eggs. (uu.nl)
Amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene is the most common technique used to analyze the bacterial microbiome. (biomedcentral.com)
Conclusion: Malaria detection in areas of low transmission and LDMI can benefit from the increased sensitivity of ribosomal RNA detection by RT-PCR, especially where sample volume is limited. (tropmedres.ac)
20231
TWiV 1045: Less Lassa, CRISPR RNA viruses September 17, 2023 TWiV reviews a Lassa virus mRNA vaccine that confers protection against disease without inducing neutralizing antibodies, and a CRISPR-based method for engineering the genome of RNA viruses. (microbe.tv)
Highly prevalent1
Noroviruses are highly prevalent, positive-sense RNA viruses that are transmitted by the fecal-oral route and infect the gastrointestinal tract of their host. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Single-stranded2
Poliovirus is a positive single-stranded RNA virus in the family Picornaviridae. (wikipedia.org)
Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA lentivirus in the family Retroviridae. (merckvetmanual.com)
Malaria2
While targeted malaria elimination efforts on the Thailand-Myanmar border have successfully used high sample volume ultrasensitive quantitative PCR (uPCR) to determine malariaprevalence, the necessity for venous collection and processing of large quantities of patient blood limits the widespread tractability of this method. (tropmedres.ac)
Isolation of high quality RNA also allows for downstream analysis of malaria transcripts. (tropmedres.ac)
Lentivirus1
The causal agent of equine infectious anemia is an RNA virus, classified in the Lentivirus genus, family Retroviridae. (msdvetmanual.com)
Gastrointestinal1
Gastrointestinal helminth-microbiota associations are shaped by various ecological processes. (uu.nl)
Species1
Here, we evaluated the performance of these two diagnostic tools for five helminth species in Thailand. (bvsalud.org)
Viruses1
Recombination in RNA viruses appears to be an adaptive mechanism for transmitting an undamaged genome to virus progeny. (wikipedia.org)
Intestinal1
To better understand prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasitism among different sub-ethnic groups, the present study was conducted among two sub-ethnic groups of indigenous people (Temuan and Mah Meri) residing in Selangor state, Malaysia. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene1
The DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX5 is a member of a family of highly conserved proteins involved in gene-expression regulation and ATP-dependent RNA helicase activities. (ac.ke)
Intestine1
Mebendazole causes worm death by selective and irreversible blockade of uptake of glucose and other nutrients in a susceptible adult intestine where helminths dwell. (medscape.com)
Synthesis1
Kirkegaard and Baltimore presented evidence that RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) catalyzes recombination by a copy choice mechanism in which the RdRP switches between (+)ssRNA templates during negative strand synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
QPCR1
Our results suggest that in moderate to high prevalence settings above 2% multiplex qPCR could be more sensitive than KK, this was particularly apparent for Opisthorchis viverrini in the northeastern provinces. (bvsalud.org)
Helminths have evolved to adapt to the host they infect and developed immune evasion strategies that have in return shaped the immune system of the infected host. (hindawi.com)
Methods1
Development of new methods for helminth surveillance at the pre-elimination phase is therefore very important. (bvsalud.org)
Immune2
Helminths must also ensure that their offspring will find their way out without being stopped by the host immune system [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
These often-complex life cycles have lead helminths to develop mechanisms to invade and migrate through the host while modulating the immune system and ensure their long-lasting persistence in their host [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Humans1
Although parasitic helminths are near to absent in northwestern countries in humans, they are still responsible for infecting more than a quarter of the human population, essentially afflicting people who live in areas of poverty in the developing world [ 2 ], and they are also heavily present in domestic animals of veterinary importance [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Study2
The objective of this study is to explore the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) expression profiles of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). (frontiersin.org)
Special considerations for studies of extracellular vesicles from parasitic helminths: A community‐led roadmap to increase rigour and reproducibility. (uzh.ch)
Messenger1
This document includes guidance on an important additional option for cervical screening, the use of mRNA (messenger RNA) HPV testing. (bvsalud.org)