• Vaginismus is defined as a conditioned voluntary contraction or spasm of the lower vaginal muscles resulting from an unconscious desire to prevent vaginal penetration. (minddisorders.com)
  • Isometric exercises: On alternate days, 4-5 repetitions of 30 seconds with 1-2 minutes of rest between repetitions, progressively increasing the time up to 45 seconds, at 70% of their calculated maximum voluntary contraction using a dynamometer. (who.int)
  • Voluntary contraction of rhomboids, inferior trapezius, and serratus for shoulder stability, and deep flexors and extensors for the neck. (who.int)
  • The other type of contractions, called phasic contractions, consist of brief periods of both relaxation and contraction, occurring in the posterior stomach and the small intestine, and are carried out by the muscularis externa. (wikipedia.org)
  • The contraction of one segment is accompanied by relaxation of the segment immediately in front. (elifesciences.org)
  • Furthermore, AELL-induced smooth muscle relaxation was partially mediated by blocking voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels (VDCC) and non-selective cation channels (NSCC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • 30 seconds later, the patient has a general trembling and complained of a presence of alternate movements of strong contraction and relaxation of the muscles at the urinary bladder and anus. (qigonginstitute.org)
  • used as an anticholinergic for relaxation of smooth muscles in various organs, to increase heart rate by blocking the vagus nerve, and as a local application to the eye to dilate the pupil and to paralyze ciliary muscle for accommodation. (wildliferesearch.com)
  • Alternate muscular contraction and relaxation in rapid succession. (wildliferesearch.com)
  • The PMC coordinates the urethral sphincter relaxation and detrusor contraction to facilitate urination. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, they predict that increased expression of slow muscle fiber types may be beneficial to the treatment of diseases that affect muscles such as muscular dystrophy. (scienceblogs.com)
  • The chip, a soft polymer well that is mounted on a glass substrate, contains a planar array of microscale, engineered human airway muscles, designed to mimic the laminar structure of the muscular layers of the human airway. (harvard.edu)
  • Also, TMD may be related to the increasing of patient's emotional stress level that may induce the increasing of muscular tonus, frequently associated with the presence of parafunctional habits, such tooth clenching, resulting in fatigue and spasm producing pain and dysfunction 8,9,10 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Visceral pain comes from the abdominal viscera, which are innervated by autonomic nerve fibers and respond mainly to the sensations of distention and muscular contraction-not to cutting, tearing, or local irritation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Strong contractions of longitudinal visceral muscle fibers were observed for the first 2 hours following bacterial ingestion. (sdbonline.org)
  • Muscle fibers contract by the action of actin and myosin sliding past each other. (gsu.edu)
  • Fish that were able to sustain swimming exercise had higher aerobic metabolism and calcium handling as well as more slow contractile muscle fibers than fish that were better at sprinting. (scienceblogs.com)
  • They also documented an increased alignment of actin fibers within smooth muscle cells, which is consistent with the muscle in the airway of asthma patients. (harvard.edu)
  • Actin fibers are super-thin cellular components involved in muscle contraction. (harvard.edu)
  • rather, they have been attributed to secondary effects that may be the result of muscle paralysis, improved blood flow, the release of nerve fibers under compression by abnormally contracting muscle, and, perhaps more importantly, the effects of the toxin on nociceptive neurons. (medscape.com)
  • Thick filaments made of myosin, along with thin filaments of another protein called actin, are the primary components of muscle fibers and are important for muscle tensing (contraction). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle: comparisons with cardiac muscle. (firstendurance.com)
  • Does not cross-react with adult cardiac, smooth, or skeletal muscle actin. (abcam.com)
  • The portion of the nervous system concerned with regulation of the activity of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands. (wildliferesearch.com)
  • enlargement of the cardiac muscle. (wildliferesearch.com)
  • Dulhunty had set up electrophysiology experiments on a receptor from mammalian cardiac muscle fiber to measure its activity, and her initial measurements on the receptor's activity were going nicely. (the-scientist.com)
  • I could see immediately that the glutathione transferase began to inhibit the cardiac muscle receptor's activity," she recalls. (the-scientist.com)
  • Within a few months, Dulhunty and her colleagues published their first paper on the role of the omega class glutathione S-transferase, GSTO1-1, in inhibiting the ryanodine receptor in cardiac muscle and in increasing the activity of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor. (the-scientist.com)
  • Alcohol has also been related to changes in the myocardium and it has been seen in healthy animals that the speed of contraction of the cardiac muscle as well as the maximum tension achieved by that contraction decrease in the presence of alcohol, and therefore, the strength of each contraction and the increase of pressure in the left ventricle are less and the hert cannot act as a pump. (bvsalud.org)
  • Troponins are protein molecules that are part of cardiac and skeletal muscle. (medscape.com)
  • An initial small elevation occurs when troponins are released from the cytosolic pool, when troponin molecules in the cytosol of cardiac muscle diffuse across the sarcolemma into the surrounding lymphatics and blood vessels, becoming detectable in blood. (medscape.com)
  • Science: enzyme) An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of myosin aTP in the presence of actin to form myosin aDP and orthophosphate. (biologyonline.com)
  • Myosin molecules and actin molecules are individual proteins that make up the sarcomeres and myofibrils, respectively, but they are not the correct answer either as they do not represent the entire structure formed by the basic units of contraction. (proprofs.com)
  • Three types of troponins exist-troponin I, troponin T, and troponin C. Each subunit has a unique function: Troponin T binds the troponin components to tropomyosin, troponin I inhibits the interaction of myosin with actin, and troponin C contains the binding sites for Ca 2+ that helps initiate contraction. (medscape.com)
  • The MYH11 gene provides instructions for making a protein called smooth muscle myosin heavy chain 11. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Smooth muscle myosin heavy chain 11 forms part of a myosin protein complex found in smooth muscles. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The inv(16) fusion protein associates with corepressors via a smooth muscle myosin heavy-chain domain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Also, potassium assists in muscle contraction, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in body cells and sending nerve impulses as well as releasing energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates during metabolism. (streetdirectory.com)
  • Muscles and neurons are activated by electrolyte activity between the extracellular fluid or interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid. (creditbubblestocks.com)
  • Clonus is a sustained, repetitive, involuntary contraction of a major muscle group, usually seen in the Achilles and recorded as the number of "beats" or contractions sustained. (medscape.com)
  • This process is carried out by the longitudinal muscles relaxing while circular muscles contract at alternating sections thereby mixing the food. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to the typical circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers, the muscularis has an inner oblique smooth muscle layer ( Figure 2 ). (pressbooks.pub)
  • Hope for healthier airways may be on the horizon thanks to a Harvard University team that has developed a human airway muscle-on-a-chip that could be used to test new drugs because it accurately mimics the way smooth muscle contracts in the human airway, under normal circumstances and when exposed to asthma triggers. (harvard.edu)
  • The carpal tunnel is a small passageway through which nerves and muscle tendons pass between the forearm and the hand. (healthhype.com)
  • Forearm and shoulder muscle stretches: Hold each stretch for 10 seconds and repeat 3 times daily during the treatment period. (who.int)
  • The stimulation for these contractions likely originates in modified smooth muscle cells called interstitial cells of Cajal. (wikipedia.org)
  • The stimulation of muscle action is associated with the neurotransmitter chemical acetylcholine . (gsu.edu)
  • Histamine is a compound found in mammalian tissues that causes dilatation of capillaries, contraction of smooth muscle, and stimulation of gastric acid secretion, that is released during allergic reactions. (sott.net)
  • Both muscle tissue and neurons are considered electric tissues of the body. (creditbubblestocks.com)
  • The narrowing of the airways occurs when a cats immune system overreacts to the presence of an allergen and responds by releasing stimulants that cause inflammation and swelling of the sensitive tissue lining the bronchi and contraction of the surrounding muscle. (catwatchnewsletter.com)
  • * Myofascial Pain Syndrome refers to regional pain of soft tissue origin and is associated with muscle tenderness that arises from TrPs, focal points of tenderness, a few millimetres in diameter, found at multiple sites in a muscle and the fascia of muscle tissue [9] . (physio-pedia.com)
  • Significantly, they were able to measure the contractile stress of the muscle tissue as it responded to varying doses of the drugs, said lead author Alexander Peyton Nesmith, a Ph.D./M.D. student at Harvard SEAS and the University of Alabama at Birmingham. (harvard.edu)
  • Here, we report on a novel circuit for the propagation of waves of muscle contraction, using the peristaltic locomotion of Drosophila larvae as a model system. (elifesciences.org)
  • For example, during axial locomotion such as lamprey swimming and Drosophila larval crawling, muscles present in each segment are sequentially activated along the body axis in a stereotypic temporal and spatial pattern ( Grillner, 2003 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • These visceral muscle contractions are induced by immune reactive oxygen species (ROS) that accumulate in the lumen and depend on the ROS-sensing TRPA1 receptor. (sdbonline.org)
  • It was then demonstrated that both ROS and TRPA1 are required in a subset of anterior enteroendocrine cells for the release of the DH31 neuropeptide which activates its receptor in the neighboring visceral muscles. (sdbonline.org)
  • The resulting contractions of the visceral muscles favors quick expulsion of the bacteria, limiting their presence in the gut. (sdbonline.org)
  • Glucose is an important source of energy for the cells that make up the muscles and tissues. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Learn about the different types of muscle tissues in this tutorial and the molecular mechanisms of contraction. (biologyonline.com)
  • The signal to initiate the contraction comes from the brain as a part of the somatic nervous system . (gsu.edu)
  • It is characterized by generalized rigidity and convulsive spasms of skeletal muscles. (cdc.gov)
  • A Trigger Point (TrP) is a hyperirritable spot, a palpable nodule in the taut bands of the skeletal muscles' fascia. (physio-pedia.com)
  • Those are palpable nodules within the tight muscle at the size of 2-10 mm and can be demonstrated at different places in any skeletal muscles of the body. (physio-pedia.com)
  • We measured volitional fatigue resistance by force-time integral over repetitive muscle contractions. (fightaging.org)
  • These slow wave potentials must reach a threshold level for the action potential to occur, whereupon Ca2+ channels on the smooth muscle open and an action potential occurs. (wikipedia.org)
  • This usually occurs in the presence of a sexually demanding partner. (minddisorders.com)
  • Muscle damage caused, in part, by lactic acidosis resulting from extreme exercise or exertion such as occurs when animals are chased or physically restrained during capture. (wildliferesearch.com)
  • It is generally accepted to consider this contact only as a specialized morpho-functional structure, where chemical transmission (via release of the acetylcholine (ACh)) of electrical signal from motor neuron to muscle fiber occurs, ultimately causing the muscle to contract. (intechopen.com)
  • Alkaloids extracted from lotus leaves (AELL) can relax vascular smooth muscle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If you recall, ATP is important because it is needed for muscles to relax in between contractions. (scienceblogs.com)
  • They achieved the reverse effect as well and triggered the muscle to relax using drugs called β-agonists, which are used in inhalers. (harvard.edu)
  • as part of their normal function in the body, these muscles contract and relax involuntarily. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The team then investigated what happened on a cellular level in response to the IL-13 and confirmed, for example, that the smooth muscle cells grew larger in the presence of IL-13 over time-a structural hallmark of the airways in asthma patients as well. (harvard.edu)
  • The peristalsis and segmentation, detailed below and pendular movement are famous examples of distinct patterns of GI contraction. (wikipedia.org)
  • The contractions occur in wave patterns traveling down short lengths of the GI tract from one section to the next. (wikipedia.org)
  • Segmentation contractions also occur during and shortly after a meal within short lengths in segmented or random patterns along the intestine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Throughout the animal kingdom, from insects to mammals, animals possess specialized circuits of neurons that are responsible for producing these patterns of muscle contraction. (elifesciences.org)
  • Muscle coordination was assessed using the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) method to extract muscle modules, which are the synergistic trunk muscle activations, and their directional activation patterns. (researchgate.net)
  • Objective To describe the movement patterns of people with mcSCI compared to controls by characterizing the muscle activation patterns and kinematics of the trunk and upper-body during boxing and battle rope exercise. (researchgate.net)
  • Diagnosis begins with a patient history, which takes into consideration the mothers pregnancy and the presence of an abnormal fetal position. (memorialhermann.org)
  • The patient history also includes inquiries about the infant's sleeping position and the presence of neck tightness and/or torticollis, which is an abnormal, somewhat fixed twisting of the neck associated with muscle contractions. (memorialhermann.org)
  • AELL, which plays a relaxant role in ASM, might be a new complementary treatment to treat abnormal contractions of the trachea and asthma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Speaking of phytonutrients, there's another one found in grapefruits called limonoids which have been found to inhibit tumor formation by promoting the formation of glutathione, an enzyme that helps make toxic compounds more water soluble for elimination from the body. (bewellbuzz.com)
  • Sodium is the most famous of the bunch, both for its reputation as a major constituent of sweat, as well as for its excessive presence in the American diet. (triathlete.com)
  • Rhythmic movements such as walking and swimming require the coordinated contraction of many different muscles. (elifesciences.org)
  • As the contraction is graded based upon how much Ca2+ enters the cell, the longer the duration of slow wave, the more action potentials occur. (wikipedia.org)
  • The contractions occur directly behind the bolus of food that is in the system, forcing it toward the anus into the next relaxed section of smooth muscle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Observed variability in muscle coordination within SCI groups also suggests that other mechanisms such as spasticity and muscle stretch reflexes or individual factors such as experience and training contributed to the postural muscle synergies. (researchgate.net)
  • Here, to confirm that cPKC activity is required for contraction-stimulated glucose uptake in mouse muscles, contraction-stimulated glucose uptake ex vivo was first evaluated in the presence of three commonly used cPKC inhibitors (calphostin C, G{\'o}-6976, and G{\'o}-6983) in incubated mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. (ku.dk)
  • Algometry: to calculate the pressure pain threshold measurement of the common extensor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and extensor carpi radialis longus muscles in both elbows, using the algometer (Wagner instruments, Greenwich, USA). (who.int)
  • The muscle stiffness usually begins in the jaw (lockjaw) and neck and then becomes generalized. (cdc.gov)
  • When an individual who has been bitten by a tick eats the meat, his or her immune system activates the release of histamine in response to the presence of alpha-gal, which can cause hives and anaphylaxis. (sott.net)
  • New versions of the Mustang muscle car will begin shipping next week and more than two thirds of the orders include the big, 5-liter V-8 engine, Ford said Friday, Aug. 11, 2023. (ksnt.com)
  • However, whether AELL has a similar relaxant role on airway smooth muscle (ASM) remains unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Airway smooth muscle (ASM), a particular cell type in the airway system, plays a vital role in airway obstruction during asthma and COPD. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Through the regulation of signal pathways related to G protein-coupled receptors, the reduction of intracellular calcium, and the subsequent opening of VDCC/NSCC, airway smooth muscle tone could be relaxed [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Harvard bioengineers have developed a human airway muscle-on-a-chip that could be used to test new drugs because it accurately mimics the way smooth muscle contracts in the human airway. (harvard.edu)
  • IL-13 is a natural protein often found in the airway of asthmatic patients that mediates the response of smooth muscle to an allergen. (harvard.edu)
  • Sure enough, the airway muscle on the chip hypercontracted-and the soft chip curled up-in response to higher doses of the neurotransmitter. (harvard.edu)
  • The researchers mimicked an asthmatic airway on their airway muscle-on-a-chip by first introducing Interleukin-13 (IL-13), a natural protein often found in the airway of asthmatic patients. (harvard.edu)
  • abstract = 'Conventional (c) protein kinase C (PKC) activity has been shown to increase with skeletal muscle contraction, and numerous studies using primarily pharmacological inhibitors have implicated cPKCs in contraction-stimulated glucose uptake. (ku.dk)
  • All potently inhibited contraction-stimulated glucose uptake by 50-100%, whereas both G{\'o} compounds, but not calphostin C, inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose uptake modestly. (ku.dk)
  • However, in muscles from PKCalpha knockout (KO) mice, neither contraction- nor phorbol ester-stimulated glucose uptake ex vivo differed compared with the wild type. (ku.dk)
  • Furthermore, the effects of calphostin C and G{\'o}-6983 on contraction-induced glucose uptake were similar in muscles lacking PKCalpha and in the wild type. (ku.dk)
  • It can be concluded that PKCalpha, representing approximately 97% of cPKC in skeletal muscle, is not required for contraction-stimulated glucose uptake. (ku.dk)
  • Thus the effect of the PKC blockers on glucose uptake is either nonspecific working on other parts of contraction-induced signaling or the remaining cPKC isoforms are sufficient for stimulating glucose uptake during contractions. (ku.dk)
  • There's much in Majors' life right now buzzing at a high frequency. (news4jax.com)
  • The illustration below is a schematic representation of the process from the arrival of a nerve signal to the terminal bundle of the nerve axon to the contration of a muscle fiber. (gsu.edu)
  • The researchers also found that inhibiting certain HDACs in the muscle could be a way to help animals (and perhaps people) adapt to sustained exercise by increasing the presence of slow muscle fiber types. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the functional contact (synapse) between an axon of motor neuron and muscle fiber. (intechopen.com)
  • So, according to numerous studies, not only ACh (which by the way does not always lead to a contraction of the muscle fiber) is released in the vertebrate neuromuscular synapse, but also a number of other synaptically active molecules. (intechopen.com)
  • In mammals and many higher vertebrates, each muscle fiber typically has a single synaptic site innervated by a single motor axon branch. (intechopen.com)
  • Disposition kinetics of oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg, i.v) in the absence/presence of paracetamol (50 mg/kg, i.v) in both afebrile and endotoxin-induced febrile conditions were studied in female Black Bengal goats. (ijp-online.com)
  • Both amplitude and duration of the slow waves can be modified based upon the presence of neurotransmitters, hormones or other paracrine signaling. (wikipedia.org)
  • For this reason, researchers wanted to know if HDAC were responsible for causing short term changes in muscles of exercising zebrafish (Danio rerio ). (scienceblogs.com)
  • Overall, muscle coordination deficits revealed impaired neuromuscular strategies which provide implications for rehabilitation of trunk muscles during sitting balance after SCI. (researchgate.net)
  • Reports have described the purported effectiveness of using a biologic neuromuscular blocking agent, botulinum toxin, in the treatment of painful conditions associated with skeletal muscle. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, in view of our current understanding of the nature of muscle-induced pain and the paucity of prospective research regarding neuromuscular blockade and/or inhibition of nociception in such conditions, critical and careful analysis of the data and opinions presented in this section is appropriate. (medscape.com)
  • They are associated with the contractile smooth muscle via gap junctions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The channel regulates the changes in calcium ion concentration that control the muscle contractile apparatus and, in turn, muscle movement. (the-scientist.com)
  • This contraction pattern depends upon hormones, paracrine signals, and the autonomic nervous system for proper regulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, due to the significant progress in the improvement and application of electrophysiological, genetic, pharmacological, biochemical and immunohistochemical methods a number of previously unknown aspects of neuron and muscle interaction were revealed. (intechopen.com)
  • Ryanodine is an ion channel, embedded in an internal membrane within the muscle cell, that surrounds a pocket of calcium ions. (the-scientist.com)
  • The objective of this study was to analyze trunk muscle coordination of individuals with thoracic SCI and compare it to able-body individuals. (researchgate.net)
  • The trunk muscles, including the abdominals and paraspinals, play a key role in facilitating seated balance by positioning the upper-body over the base of support. (researchgate.net)
  • Throughout her career, Dulhunty has been driven by her curiosity to know how the underlying physiology of the body works, and, as a result, has made important discoveries about how skeletal and heart muscle contractions are generated and regulated. (the-scientist.com)
  • The most important muscle in your body is one you probably have never thought about. (breakingmuscle.com)
  • Pain in the body is usually a symptom telling us there's an imbalance somewhere. (breakingmuscle.com)
  • Trigger points develop in the myofascia , mainly in the centre of a muscle belly where the motor endplate enters (primary or central TrPs) [6] . (physio-pedia.com)
  • The smooth muscle pyloric sphincter is located at this latter point of connection and controls stomach emptying. (pressbooks.pub)
  • When the bladder becomes full, the stretch receptors of the detrusor muscle send a signal to the pons, which in turn notifies the brain. (medscape.com)
  • Histone deacetylase activity modulates exercise-induced skeletal muscle plasticity in zebrafish ( Danio rerio ). (scienceblogs.com)
  • Participants were seated and asked to lean their trunk in eight directions while trunk muscle activity was recorded. (researchgate.net)
  • The phosphates in the muscle's protoplasm determine the activity of the muscles. (beforethemusicdies.com)
  • The presence of CBFβ-MYH11 may block binding of CBF to DNA, impairing its ability to control gene activity. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The presence of pathologic reflexes also should be noted. (medscape.com)
  • Having pioneered the study of muscle physiology in mammals, she uncovered how ion channels enable muscle movement. (the-scientist.com)
  • In the presence of anaerobic conditions, the spores germinate. (cdc.gov)
  • The first is aerobic (in the presence of oxygen), and the other is anaerobic. (beforethemusicdies.com)