Posterior disorders whiplash injuries. Medical search. Frequent questions

The neck has various muscles that support the head and can succumb to various injuries that can cause muscle strain and other associated symptoms that can affect the upper extremities of the body. (sciatica.clinic)
Cervical strain (sprain of the ligaments of the cervical spine) is a common injury routinely seen in the emergency department (ED). A cervical strain is chiefly the result of a stretch injury to the muscular and ligamentous elements of the cervical spine. (medscape.com)
Cervical strain is very common, with as many as one million cases per year from high-velocity (whiplash-type) injuries alone. (medscape.com)
In the ED, apply ice to acute strain injuries, and administer analgesia and pain control, as well as muscle relaxants. (medscape.com)
Follow-up with a primary care physician is strongly recommended in cervical strain injuries to facilitate further care. (medscape.com)
A cervical strain is chiefly the result of a stretch injury to the muscular and ligamentous elements of the cervical spine, although some compressive forces can be involved as well, depending on the exact mechanism of injury. (medscape.com)
Neck pain may occur due to inflammation of the neck tissues, degenerative disc disease, neck strain or sprain, neck injury, a herniated disc, a pinched nerve, etc. (healthhearty.com)
It is used so frequently that repetitive motion strain is common, often leading to injury. (personalinjurydoctorgroup.com)
It is usually because of the continued use combined with an unhealed strain/injury that leads to shoulder nerve injury or when surrounding tissues like cartilage or tendons irritate or compress the nerves. (personalinjurydoctorgroup.com)
Critelli N. Head injury-cervical-strain-carpal tunnel syndrome-avideotaped evidence deposition of plaintiff's neurosurgeon-direct and cross-examination. (healthychiropractice.com)

However, given the catastrophic sequelae of cervical spinal cord injury, many emergency physicians have a low threshold for ordering cervical spine radiographs in patients with blunt trauma. (medscape.com)
Smartphone and computer use are a leading cause of these changes, but the primary cause is ligament injury from trauma due to a car accident or other whiplash-type injuries! (caringmedical.com)
Because of the tension, trauma and poor postural habits inherent in today's workplace, it is no surprise that head-on-neck and neck-on-thorax disorders rank high among the most common pain generators driving people into bodywork and movement practices. (yogauonline.com)
This condition can often be attributed to trauma to the occipital nerve though whiplash injuries, inflammation or compression of the nerves by tumor or arteries. (diagnosticpaincenter.com)
Although the term shaken baby syndrome is still occasionally used, it has largely been replaced with the terms abusive head trauma (AHT) and inflicted childhood neurotrauma because these infants may sustain impact injury as well as shaking injury involving the head. (aao.org)
A blow to the head, whether from the explosive force of an IED blast in the theatre of war, blunt trauma or a vector force event during a sporting activity, a fall, or a whiplash from a car accident can cause a concussion or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and produce a cascade of symptoms resulting from the event. (padulainstitute.com)
Many of our cities have homeless men and women who received trauma while in the mil-itary or from some other source that culminates in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) affecting and causing psychiatric and psychological problems [1]. (padulainstitute.com)
A consequence of trauma to the brain whether blunt or from vector forces is that diffuse axonal injury can occur from cytotoxicity to cellular function. (padulainstitute.com)
Orthopedists are often called to treat trauma patients and sports injuries and are qualified to perform surgical procedures . (symptoma.com)
Less commonly, strokes (specifically posterior circulation stroke), seizures, trauma (such as concussion) or infections can also cause central vertigo. (findmeacure.com)

An acute injury or changes to the upper body over time can cause a compressed/pinched nerve in the shoulder. (personalinjurydoctorgroup.com)

4 Back pain and problems, which include disc disorders, sciatica and other conditions which result from injury or degenerative conditions, 1 are a large contributor to illness and disability in Australia, accounting for 4.5% of the total disease burden. (racgp.org.au)

All posttrauma patients with cervical pain should be "clinically cleared" using National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) or the Canadian C-Spine Rule as decision rules to guide the use of cervical spine radiography to rule out cervical fractures, dislocations, or spinal cord injury. (medscape.com)
Low back pain is the most common musculoskeletal condition globally, followed by fractures, osteoarthritis, other injuries, neck pain, amputations and rheumatoid arthritis. (racgp.org.au)
Bone fractures or ligament injuries , depending on the nature of the impact. (encasodeaccidente.com)
Common injuries occurring near the ankle are sprains on the inner side involving tearing the internal ligament and fractures of the fibula, called a Potts fracture, on the outer side. (morganmcmanus.com)
Back injuries can vary from bruising through ligament tears and muscle ruptures (often through indirect impacts such as seat belt injuries) to full-blown fractures and, in the most serious cases, paralysis. (morganmcmanus.com)

Syringomyelia is most often chronic progressive degenerative disorder characterized by a fluid-filled cyst located in the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
Historical term for a chronic, but fluctuating, disorder beginning in early life and characterized by recurrent and multiple somatic complaints not apparently due to physical illness. (lookformedical.com)
Sports Physiotherapy in London treats acute or chronic sport injuries. (londonhomevisitphysiotherapy.com)
Acute sports injuries are caused by the intensity and high impact of the exercise and chronic injury occurs due to overusing muscles, joints and ligaments over a longer period of time. (londonhomevisitphysiotherapy.com)
Barnsley L, Lord SM, Wallis BJ, Bogduk N. The prevalence of chronic cervical zygapophysial joint pain after whiplash. (medscape.com)
To date, the origin of pain in chronic whiplash is not fully understood. (symptoma.com)
While tissue damage may persist in some cases [22], many people suffering from chronic whiplash presumably adopt poor postures in order to avoid pain. (symptoma.com)
Management of chronic tendon injuries. (dralexjimenez.com)

The posterior cervical muscles function in the neck's anatomic region while protecting the cervical spine. (sciatica.clinic)
Thankfully there are ways to manage trigger point pain associated with the posterior cervical muscles along the neck and cervical spine. (sciatica.clinic)
MVA injury mechanisms more commonly affect adults because of differences in safety requirements and in seat fit (ie, child safety seats generally provide better support of the cervical spine than typical automobile seats). (medscape.com)
Occupational cervical spine injuries are common and can afflict not only individuals involved in physical labor but also people in primarily desk or office positions, with modern office conditions and ergonomics having significant impact on susceptibility. (medscape.com)
repetitive stress injuries to the cervical spine are common and can be difficult to differentiate from other myofascial syndromes affecting the cervical and upper thoracic region. (medscape.com)
Additionally, a significant number of injuries to the cervical spine can result from abnormal posture. (medscape.com)
Emergency department evaluation and treatment of the neck and cervical spine injuries. (medscape.com)
While the lower back has the large, strong core musculature to help with spinal stabilization the cervical spine does not, it relies anteriorly on the intervertebral discs and posteriorly by the posterior ligament complexes. (caringmedical.com)
All patients had a history of automible accident, all had evidence of cervical spine dysfunction and all had posterior, inferior left atlas listings. (upcspine.com)
Arteries, as we know, carry blood to the posterior part of the brain, transporting the blood in the vertebrae of the cervical spine. (healthhearty.com)
According to chiropractors, ligamental injuries of the upper cervical spine can result in head-neck-joint instabilities which can cause vertigo. (findmeacure.com)
The violent force on the cervical spine in catapulting was great enough to cause a blackout for a few seconds and accidents occurred that were undoubtedly due to the whiplash effect. (drbillyrodriguezblog.com)

Most of these symptoms are associated with trigger pain affecting the posterior cervical muscle on the neck. (sciatica.clinic)
Many people with neck pain and its associated symptoms could risk developing myofascial trigger pain along the posterior cervical muscles. (sciatica.clinic)
Cervical instability is associated with numerous medical conditions, including Whiplash-Associated Disorder and Post-Concussion Syndrome, and can produce a myriad of disabling symptoms. (caringmedical.com)
Years before the onset of symptoms, all three cases were involved in automobile accidents, resulting in undiagnosed whiplash injuries. (upcspine.com)
Whilst as with most case studies firm conclusions cannot be made about the link between the upper cervical adjustment and the cessation of MD symptoms, this case study adds further weight to the already large body of evidence linking upper cervical dysfunction to hearing disorders. (upcspine.com)
This condition is frequently confused with migraine headaches, as the symptoms are quite similar, however occipital neuralgia is a distinct type of disorder that requires an accurate diagnosis in order to be treated effectively. (diagnosticpaincenter.com)
Keep in mind that a wide variety of possible conditions can cause TMJ symptoms, from arthritis to whiplash injuries. (medicalmarijuana.com)
These situations can have consequences on the victim's mental health, leading to symptoms such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, or anxiety attacks. (encasodeaccidente.com)
Neck injuries and whiplash symptoms can be minor and go away within a few days. (personalinjurydoctorgroup.com)
These are collectively called whiplash-associated disorders because of the varied complexity of the symptoms. (personalinjurydoctorgroup.com)
Symptoms can start shortly after the injury or not appear until hours or days later. (personalinjurydoctorgroup.com)
Symptoms such as neck pain and stiffness or arm pain or numbness are common with whiplash injury. (symptoma.com)
Ide M, Ide J, Yamaga M. Symptoms and signs of irritation of the brachial plexus in whiplash injuries. (healthychiropractice.com)

Traumatic brain injuries , or severe head injuries, are caused by powerful impacts to the frontal, lateral, or posterior areas of the head. (encasodeaccidente.com)
The atlas is made up of a thick anterior arch, a thin posterior arch, 2 prominent lateral masses, and 2 transverse processes. (medscape.com)

The most widely accepted pathophysiological mechanism by which Chiari type I malformations occur is by a reduction or lack of development of the posterior fossa as a result of congenital or acquired disorders. (wikipedia.org)
Causes include things such as migraines, multiple sclerosis, posterior fossa tumors, and Arnold-Chiari malformation . (findmeacure.com)

Sometimes it is necessary to use some form of scan to show up an injury more serious than a sprain. (morganmcmanus.com)

Contact Injury Medical Chiropractic to see what they can offer in helping to achieve health goals. (sciatica.clinic)
These injuries can be severe and require chiropractic treatment. (personalinjurydoctorgroup.com)
The appropriate chiropractic treatment is unique to each whiplash nerve injury and is directed at the primary dysfunctions detected during the initial examination. (personalinjurydoctorgroup.com)
A systematic review of chiropractic management of adults with Whiplash-Associated Disorders: recommendations for advancing evidence-based practice and research. (personalinjurydoctorgroup.com)

We refer patients to certified providers who specialize in musculoskeletal treatments to aid individuals suffering from myofascial trigger pain associated with the neck affecting the posterior cervical muscles. (sciatica.clinic)
Studies reveal that a musculoskeletal disorder known as cervical myofascial pain causes the surrounding muscles in the neck and shoulder regions to become tender to the touch and evoke pain in different areas of the body. (sciatica.clinic)
We use functional health & wellness protocols to treat and support care for injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system. (sciatica.clinic)
Taping has been used as both an isolated treatment, and as an adjunct to traditional physical therapy to manage pain and increase function in various musculoskeletal injuries. (orthojournalhms.org)

Nerve Root Injury and Plexus Disorders (incl. (healthgrades.com)

Whiplash injury is accompanied by neck pain and stiffness as well as headaches . (symptoma.com)
Common long-term consequences from whiplash include: headaches neck aches and stiffness fatigue , and anxiety. (symptoma.com)

This affects the blood supply to the posterior part of the brain and may result in severe neck pain along with dizziness, accompanied with a feeling of vertigo. (healthhearty.com)
Untreated, the pituitary disorder can lead to severe illness and death. (symptoma.com)
Severe stress and malnutrition , as seen in patients with eating disorders, can lead to suppression of GnRH release. (symptoma.com)
This type of injury can lead to nerve damage, affecting the signals between the brain and the limbs, potentially causing various degrees of paralysis in severe cases. (encasodeaccidente.com)
Some back injuries of the most severe kind can give rise to paralysis. (morganmcmanus.com)
Erichsen took the view that minor injuries of the head and spine could result in severe disability due to 'molecular disarrangement' or anemia of the spinal cord. (drbillyrodriguezblog.com)

4 When the ligaments overstretch and/or tear from whiplash injury or creep (the slow stretching of ligaments over time, such as from forward head posture), spinal motion is excessive, risking injury to the spinal cord or nerves. (caringmedical.com)
The apical, alar, and transverse ligaments, by allowing spinal column rotation, provide further stabilization and prevent posterior displacement of the dens in relation to the atlas. (medscape.com)
citation needed] In this view, instabilities of the head neck joint are affected by rupture or overstretching of the alar ligaments and/or capsule structures mostly caused by whiplash or similar biomechanical movements. (findmeacure.com)

Tendons allow for the movement of the body's limbs and help prevent muscle injury by absorbing muscles' impact when running, jumping, or performing other actions. (dralexjimenez.com)

A common condition is a whiplash nerve injury. (personalinjurydoctorgroup.com)
Safran, Marc R. "Nerve injury about the shoulder in athletes, part 1: suprascapular nerve and axillary nerve. (personalinjurydoctorgroup.com)

A unique complex of ocular, intracranial, and sometimes other injuries occurs in infants who have been abused by violent shaking. (aao.org)
When a car accident occurs, the causes and the way it unfolds can lead to various injuries for the victims or their passengers. (encasodeaccidente.com)
Whiplash , this occurs when the neck is rapidly and violently jolted backward and forward, which is a common movement in motor vehicle accidents. (encasodeaccidente.com)
A crush injury occurs where the head becomes trapped between hard objects. (morganmcmanus.com)
The third injury will happen if clotting or other damage such as bleeding, swelling or bruising occurs in the days or weeks after the accident. (morganmcmanus.com)
There could be a popping sensation or the feeling of a tear when the injury occurs. (dralexjimenez.com)

They are found most commonly in the posterior pole but often extend to the periphery (Fig 27-4). (aao.org)

Whiplash complications such as injury to the brain region that controls hearing, nerve or vascular damage, jaw injury, or stress can lead to tinnitus. (personalinjurydoctorgroup.com)
Those cognitive disorders may encompass blurred vision and tinnitus . (symptoma.com)

Today's article looks at the posterior cervical muscles, how trigger points affect the posterior cervical muscles, and how non-invasive treatments can help manage myofascial cervical pain. (sciatica.clinic)
What Are The Posterior Cervical Muscles? (sciatica.clinic)
When the posterior cervical muscle has become strained from various issues like poor posture, over-exercising, getting involved in an auto accident, or have suffered from a degenerative condition, it can cause the muscles to be overused, hypersensitive, and stiff while potentially being at risk of developing trigger points along the neck and shoulder muscles. (sciatica.clinic)
however, there are many ways that people can utilize to relieve the pain along the posterior cervical muscles and manage myofascial cervical pain associated with the neck. (sciatica.clinic)
To that point, finding non-invasive available treatments to manage myofascial cervical pain can help reduce the effects of pain along the neck and posterior cervical muscles. (sciatica.clinic)
Salamba Setu Bandha Sarvangasana (Supported Bridge Pose) expands the chest while simultaneously releasing tension in the posterior neck muscles. (yogauonline.com)
A good example is a whiplash accident in which the posterior neck muscles brace for the anterior neck muscles. (kelpokeho.fi)

The pain is often caused by unnoticed minor injuries, a swollen gland or contraction of the vertebral arteries in the neck that route to the brain called neck proprioceptors. (healthhearty.com)
NeuroKinetic Therapy ® corrective movement system is a sophisticated bodywork modality that can be used as both an assessment and rehabilitative technique for low back pain, neck pain, carpal tunnel, and other injuries. (kelpokeho.fi)
Studies have shown that leaving a sports injury untreated will prolong the rehabilitation period and will result in more pain and aggravation of the injury if you keep training. (londonhomevisitphysiotherapy.com)
The pain is described as a dull, aching discomfort in the posterior neck that sometimes radiates to the shoulder or mid back regions. (medscape.com)
Senior medic consulting woman at facility, wearing cervical neck collar to cure injury and pain. (personalinjurydoctorgroup.com)
The author reports a case of right facial numbness and right cheek pain after a whiplash injury. (symptoma.com)
The pain of whiplash is often hard to ignore. (santabarbaradeeptissue.com)

Dizziness could be from neck instability, a concussion/mild traumatic brain injury, and nerve damage. (personalinjurydoctorgroup.com)
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion is receiving much attention since concussion is difﬁcult to diagnose. (padulainstitute.com)
In American football, 20% of the athletes will incur a concussion inferring that of the 750,000 reported cases of concussion each year in the United States reﬂect a majority of sports re-lated injuries [4]. (padulainstitute.com)
Erichsen's second book on the subject was published in 1882, titled On Concussion of the Spine: Nerve Shock and Other Obscure Injuries of the Nervous System in the Clinical and Medico-Legal Aspects. (drbillyrodriguezblog.com)

These findings are thought to result from repetitive, abrupt acceleration-deceleration of the child's head as it whiplashes back and forth during the shaking episode. (aao.org)

Reduced blood flow to the spinal cord which is supplied by the anterior spinal artery and the paired posterior spinal arteries. (lookformedical.com)
The odontoid process is held in tight proximity to the posterior aspect of the anterior arch of the atlas by the transverse ligament, which stabilizes the atlantoaxial joint. (medscape.com)

Sports that include head contact and the possibility of whiplash damage or ocular injuries increase the risk even more. (theyenews.com)

Review a complete guide to evaluate and manage temporomandibular disorders and how to use TMJ splint therapy to successfully manage discomfort. (dothandson.com)

For patients involved in occupational injuries, appropriate referral for follow-up is particularly important. (medscape.com)
Patients also may report a history of a previous whiplash injury to the neck. (medscape.com)
Here, we review the most important differential diagnoses ( Mimics ) for patients presenting with acute flaccid paralysis and brainstem syndromes and highlight some of the more unusual presentations ( Chameleons ) of GBS-related disorders. (bmj.com)
Comme nous l'avons vu dans les chapitres précédents, les directives de pratique clinique utilisent différents systèmes de classification pour guider la prise en charge de ces patients. (fullphysio.com)
Il est bon de noter que quelle que soit l'approche utilisée, les guidelines des récentes études soutiennent l'utilisation de la réassurance, des conseils et de l'éducation thérapeutique pour la plupart des patients considérés comme présentant un faible risque de chronicité en phase aigüe (Blanpied et al. (fullphysio.com)
Niwa H, Yanagi T, Hakusui S. Double crush syndrome in patients with cervical spondylosis or ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament-a clinicophysiological study. (healthychiropractice.com)
BACKGROUND: There exists a clinical concern that pediatric patients with whiplash associated disorder (WAD) may have missed structural injuries, or alternatively go on to develop structural injuries over time, despite initially negative imaging. (bvsalud.org)
When I did see patients that had any type of TMJ disorders, I assumed that they were muscular based, probably related to the patient's clenching and grinding of their teeth. (dothandson.com)
I've come to understand that with TMD patients, there is likely an airway element , or a sleep disordered breathing issue underlying their nighttime bruxism. (dothandson.com)

Chameleons or atypical presentations of GBS-related disorders include: paraparetic GBS, bifacial weakness with paraesthesias, acute ataxic neuropathy, acute ophthalmoparesis, acute ptosis and acute mydriasis. (bmj.com)
Pinched nerves also occur when a nerve root in the neck is damaged through wear and tear or an acute injury. (personalinjurydoctorgroup.com)

Traumatic brain injury may cause delayed acquired Chiari malformation, but the pathophysiology of this is unknown. (wikipedia.org)

Whether that you are professional or amateur athlete, our sports physiotherapist will be able to treat any of your sports injuries in a fast and efficient manner. (londonhomevisitphysiotherapy.com)
What sports injuries can Sports Physiotherapist treat? (londonhomevisitphysiotherapy.com)

The differential for vertebrobasilar insufficiency is wide and can be caused by posterior circulation infarcts, steal-type phenomena, or other systemic causes. (bvsalud.org)

Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g. (lookformedical.com)
Vertebral lamina is the thin flattened posterior wall of vertebral arch that forms the vertebral foramen through which pass the spinal cord and nerve roots. (lookformedical.com)
Spinal cord injuries , resulting from strong impacts to the back. (encasodeaccidente.com)
In 1883 (2) and 1885 (3), the understanding of "railway spine" advanced with the publication of Injuries of the Spine and Spinal Cord without apparent Mechanical Lesion, and Nervous Shock in their Surgical and Medico-Legal Aspects. (drbillyrodriguezblog.com)
The purpose of this study was to assess the patient's perception of spinal cord injury (SCI) on social media. (bvsalud.org)
Twitter posts that included "#spinalcordinjury," "@spinalcordinjury," and "spinal cord injury" were retrospectively collected in April 2021. (bvsalud.org)

Part One examined the causes, conditions, and corrections for one of the most prevalent and painful of all structural disorders: forward-head postures. (yogauonline.com)
2017). Ces changements induisent globalement une plus grande flexion du cou et du thorax, une diminution des variations de postures, davantage de temps en position assise et donc moins d'activité physique, ce qui peut largement favoriser le développement de cervicalgies voire d'autres problèmes de santé. (fullphysio.com)

The opening statistic of "344,030 cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI) were clinically conﬁrmed from 2000 to 2015, with mild TBI (mTBI) accounting for 82.3% of all cases" is sobering [5].How-ever, it has been reported that the rates of diagnosed mTBI are over-shadowed by much higher rates suspected following surveys of de-ployed military personnel [6]. (padulainstitute.com)

Roquer J, Herraiz J, Maso E. Carpal tunnel syndrome and cervical whiplash. (healthychiropractice.com)

5, 2017 - Injury and disease of the brain increase the likelihood of cognitive fatigue , which can be disabling. (symptoma.com)
Kvalitet: Bli den första att rösta neuroanatomical and cognitive progres- sion of posterior cortical atrophy. (netlify.app)
Cognitive problems could be from a brain injury or related to various types of stress. (personalinjurydoctorgroup.com)
Dizziness and vertigo are not uncommon and paresthesias , particularly in the arms, as well as cognitive disorders, may also be present [19][20]. (symptoma.com)

Both professional and amateur athletes are prone to injury and sports injuries are a lot more common than you might think. (londonhomevisitphysiotherapy.com)
Auto, Work & Sports Injuries. (elpasochiropractorblog.com)

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an umbrella term describing a heterogeneous group of related disorders, including Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) and GBS subtypes ( box 1 ). (bmj.com)

Congenital causes include hydrocephalus, craniosynostosis (especially of the lambdoid suture), hyperostosis (such as craniometaphyseal dysplasia, osteopetrosis, erythroid hyperplasia), X-linked vitamin D-resistant rickets, and neurofibromatosis type I. Acquired disorders include space occupying lesions due to one of several potential causes ranging from brain tumors to hematomas. (wikipedia.org)

Physiotherapy for athletes can also relieve fatigue from exercise and promote mobility with specialised sports massage, as well as teach you how to perform specific movements safely in order to avoid further injury in the future. (londonhomevisitphysiotherapy.com)

Neck or whiplash injuries or neck manipulations resulting from an accident or even during physiotherapy performed by some health professional can cause dizziness especially if you have an inner ear problem. (healthhearty.com)
We understand that being a victim of an accident, especially one resulting in various degrees of injury, can be a challenging, painful, and costly experience. (encasodeaccidente.com)
What Are the Most Common Injuries San Juan Accident Injury Attorneys Deal With? (encasodeaccidente.com)
Many times, injuries are minor and can be discomforts in the moment and the days following the accident. (encasodeaccidente.com)
It is essential that a person who has sustained brain injury in an accident receives the correct type of emergency treatment as soon as possible. (morganmcmanus.com)
Whiplash injury results from a rapid back-and-forth movement of the neck that is provoked by external forces, such as those exerted during a car accident. (symptoma.com)

Anatomy3

Diseases11

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes1

Health Care2

Geographicals1

Strain10

Trauma10

Pinched Nerve1

Sciatica1

Fractures5

Chronic8

Cervical spine12

Symptoms13

Lateral2

Fossa2

Sprain1

Chiropractic4

Musculoskeletal4

Incl1

Headaches2

Severe6

Ligaments3

Tendons1

Nerve Injury2

Occurs6

Commonly1

Tinnitus2

Muscles7

Pain7

Concussion4

Repetitive1

Anterior2

Ocular1

Discomfort1

Patients9

Acute2

Pathophysiology1

Physiotherapist2

Circulation1

Spinal cord6

Postures2

Traumatic brain1

Carpal1

Cognitive4

Sports injuries2

Syndrome1

Include1

Fatigue1

Accident6