Pore potassium channels. Medical search. Frequent questions

The two-pore website K+ route, KCNK3 (potassium route subfamily K member 3), also called TASK-1 (TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+ route-1), continues to be implicated both in molecular systems of HPV and in pathogenesis of PH. (biomedigs.org)
Potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 4 is encoded by the gene KCNK4. (antibodiesinc.com)

Thus, each subunit has two pore loops. (wikipedia.org)
the name of the channel comes from the fact that each subunit has two P (pore) domains in its primary sequence. (wikipedia.org)
Human ether-a-go-go related gene (HERG) encodes the pore-forming alpha subunit of the delayed rectifier potassium channel IKr. (thermofisher.com)
The pore is formed by four Kir6.2 subunits, each of which is associated with a regulatory sulphonylurea receptor (SUR) subunit. (shu.ac.uk)
In smooth muscle, Kir6.2 is the pore forming subunit and SUR2B is the associated regulatory subunit.A structurally diverse group of agents called K ATP channel openers (K ATP COs), have affinity for the SUR of K ATP channels, causing a hyperpolarisation of the cell membrane and a decrease in excitability. (shu.ac.uk)

Potassium channels transport positively charged atoms (ions) of potassium into and out of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
The flow of ions through potassium channels in neurons is involved in activating (exciting) the neurons and sending electrical signals in the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
This alteration reduces the flow of ions through TASK3 channels by 80 percent. (medlineplus.gov)
During the generation of action potentials, sodium ions move across the membrane through voltage-gated ion channels. (medscape.com)
The concentration gradients are maintained by the sodium/potassium ATP pump (in an energy-dependent process) that transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. (medscape.com)
This active transport creates a concentration gradient that favors the extracellular diffusion of potassium ions. (medscape.com)
In addition, because the nerve membrane is permeable to potassium ions and impermeable to sodium ions, 95% of the ionic leak in excitable cells is caused by K + ions in the form of an outward flux, accounting for the negative resting potential. (medscape.com)
Once membrane depolarization is complete, the membrane becomes impermeable to sodium ions again, and the conductance of potassium ions into the cell increases. (medscape.com)
Ion channels are specialized proteins found in cell membranes, which facilitate the movement of specific ions across the plasma membrane. (spandidos-publications.com)
Potassium ions (K + ) are the main cations in living cells from all kingdoms of life. (elifesciences.org)
Scientists have found a missing 'key' that unlocks critical channels responsible for potassium ions to flow across cell membranes in a process that is essential for life. (edu.au)
Professor Brian Smith and Dr Jacqui Gulbis have found a missing 'key' that unlocks the gate to controlling the conduction of potassium ions across cell membranes. (edu.au)
The research team from WEHI and La Trobe Institute of Molecular Sciences (LIMS) have identified the 'key' to opening a molecular gate controlling currents of potassium ions across cell membranes. (edu.au)
Researchers from WEHI and LIMS have identified a missing 'key' that unlocks the gate to controlling the conduction of potassium ions across cell membranes. (edu.au)
A previous discovery of the team had overturned a widely accepted theory that potassium channels must physically widen to allow ions to cross the membrane, Dr Gulbis said. (edu.au)
Dr Gulbis said the research team discovered that the cell membrane in which the ion channel is embedded held the missing 'key' that controls the flow of potassium ions. (edu.au)
We applied structural biology, using data collected at the Australian Synchrotron, and other biophysical methods to show that specific fatty lipids from the membrane interact tightly with the channel to open a gate that allows potassium ions to pass through. (edu.au)
The drug inhibited the normal passage of potassium ions into and out of heart cells through pores in the cell membrane known as delayed rectifier potassium channels, the study showed. (sciencedaily.com)
We are trying to determine whether the drug binds directly to the channels or to some other molecule, and if it acts by blocking the pore of the channel through which potassium ions travel or by some other mechanism," Singh said. (sciencedaily.com)
Ion channels open and close to let electrically charged sodium, calcium, and potassium atoms (ions) flow into and out of each cell. (nih.gov)
Caused by mutations in the KCNK9 gene, which alter TASK3 channels reducing the flow of ions through the channels and disrupting normal neuron development and excitability. (cdc.gov)
The question driving MacKinnon's early research was how the membrane channels select for potassium ions over other ions. (nih.gov)
The potential is altered by sodium, potassium, calcium or chloride ions, which establish a gradient across the cell membrane, passing through the membrane. (healing-waves.com)
When the current is measured, abrupt, short-term jolts can be observed: The channel opens, ions flow through it and transfer electrical charges from one side of the membrane to the other. (healing-waves.com)
In combination with biochemical and molecular biological methods, the molecular composition of ion channels, the changes in configuration upon opening and closing and their specificity towards certain ions and chemical transmitter substances can be analyzed. (healing-waves.com)

The two-pore-domain or tandem pore domain potassium channels are a family of 15 members that form what is known as leak channels which possess Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (open) rectification. (wikipedia.org)

This gene encodes one of the members of the superfamily of potassium channel proteins containing two pore-forming P domains. (thermofisher.com)
Since the advent of high-resolution x-ray crystallography of membrane proteins in the mid-1980s, multiple structures of KcsA have been resolved in different conditions, which appear to have revealed the basis of channel gating. (rupress.org)
It has recently been reported that dipeptidyl aminopeptidase X (DPPX) interacts with the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv4 and that co-expression of DPPX together with Kv4 pore forming alpha-subunits, and potassium channel interacting proteins (KChIPs), reconstitutes properties of native A-type potassium channels in vitro. (proteopedia.org)
About 1,000 individual proteins create three ring structures, one inner ring encircling the central transport channel and two outer rings anchored on each side of the nuclear envelope. (sbgrid.org)
Cancers with mutations in nuclear pore complex proteins (nucleoporins) have poor prognoses, he says. (sbgrid.org)
however, when he started working on channel proteins at Harvard Medical School (Boston), the structure had not been solved. (nih.gov)

Studies of the pore-forming domain of a voltage-gated potassium channel protein. (ox.ac.uk)
These results are discussed in the light of recent mutagenesis and binding studies of the Drosophila Shaker potassium ion channel protein. (ox.ac.uk)
The KCNK9 gene provides instructions for making a protein called TASK3, which functions as a potassium channel. (medlineplus.gov)
At least two changes in the KCNK9 gene, both of which have the same effect on the TASK3 channel protein, have been found to cause KCNK9 imprinting syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
The encoded protein homodimerizes and functions as an outwardly rectifying channel. (thermofisher.com)
Structural information on the complex will uncover regions of the channel involved in binding protein partners, opening the possibility of pursuing these protein-protein interactions surfaces as targets for drug discovery, with the ultimate goal of modulating ion channel activity. (europa.eu)
Structure of a human A-type potassium channel interacting protein DPPX, a member of the dipeptidyl aminopeptidase family. (proteopedia.org)
The protein has NADPH-dependent aldoketoreductase activity, and oxidation of the bound NADPH decreases N-type inactivation of channel activity. (tcdb.org)
Then, through the nuclear pore complexes, RNA exits into the main cellular compartment to make protein. (sbgrid.org)
One channel MacKinnon discussed in the WALS lecture was the G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channel, which suppresses electrical activity and is activated by the G protein. (nih.gov)
This technique has allowed his lab to visualize the protein Slo2, a sodium-dependent potassium channel, which is activated under different sodium concentrations. (nih.gov)
The K ATP channel is an octomeric combination of two different protein subunits. (shu.ac.uk)
Each hair follicle contains potassium channels - small pore-forming protein structures through which vital nutrients are transported to the hair follicle membrane. (amomentwithfranca.com)

All forms of familial PP show the final mechanistic pathway involving aberrant depolarization, inactivating sodium channels, and muscle fiber inexcitability. (medscape.com)
Discussion in this article primarily addresses the sodium, calcium, and potassium channelopathies as well as secondary forms of PP. Chloride channelopathies are not associated with episodic weakness and are discussed in more detail in the articles on myotonic disorders. (medscape.com)
Structural parts involved in activation and inactivation of the sodium channel. (nature.com)
Yang, N. & Horn, R. Evidence for voltage-dependent S4 movement in sodium channels. (nature.com)
Dr. Bamberg and his team found that when light shined on a cell containing ChR2, pores or channels in the cell membrane opened, allowing certain positively charged molecules, such as sodium and potassium, to pass through. (nih.gov)
The complex evolved about more than a billion years ago, before the divergence between fungi and animals, and before the emergence of eukaryotic voltage-gated sodium channels. (upenn.edu)
Surprisingly, we found that some lysosomes have their own voltage-gated sodium channel (TPC1), are electrically excitable and generate action-potential-like spikes when stimulated. (upenn.edu)
2007. Isoflurane inhibits NaChBac, a prokaryotic voltage-gated sodium channel. . (cornell.edu)

Below is a list of the 15 known two-pore-domain human potassium channels: Ion channel Potassium channel Goldstein SA, Bayliss DA, Kim D, Lesage F, Plant LD, Rajan S (Dec 2005). (wikipedia.org)
Two-pore domain K(+) (K(2P)) channels give rise to leak (also called background) K(+) currents. (nih.gov)
Changes in expression of some two-pore domain potassium channel genes (KCNK) in selected brain regions of developing mice. (nih.gov)
Accordingly, in this work, we demonstrate the cell-free synthesis (CFS) as an alternative platform to study the assembly of two-pore domain potassium channels (K2P) within endogenous endoplasmic reticulum-derived microsomes. (tu-berlin.de)
The recently identified 2-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels are believed to be responsible for leak K + currents. (medscape.com)
Voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) contain positively charged residues within the S4 helix of the voltage-sensing domain (VSD) that are displaced in response to changes in transmembrane voltage, promoting conformational changes that open the pore. (nature.com)
Deficiency of the two-pore-domain potassium channel TREK-1 promotes hyperoxia-induced lung injury. (nih.gov)
We previously reported the expression of the two-pore-domain K channel TREK-1 in lung epithelial cells and proposed a role for this channel in the regulation of alveolar epithelial cytokine secretion. (nih.gov)
Until now, a single regulatory mechanism has been proposed for all RCK-regulated channels, involving signal transduction from the RCK domain to the gating area. (elifesciences.org)
Two P domain potassium channels (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database Iuphar/Bps Guide to Pharmacology Cite . (neurotree.org)
Associations of two-pore domain potassium channels and triple negative breast cancer subtype in The Cancer Genome Atlas: systematic evaluation of gene expression and methylation. (cdc.gov)
Objectives: It is unclear whether 2-pore domain potassium channels are novel molecular markers with differential expression related to biologically aggressive triple-negative type breast tumors. (cdc.gov)
Our objective was to systematically evaluate associations of 2-pore domain potassium channel gene expression and DNA methylation with triplenegative subtype in The Cancer Genome Atlas invasive breast cancer dataset. (cdc.gov)
Methylation and expression data for all fifteen 2-pore domain potassium family genes were examined for 1040 women, and associations with triple-negative subtype (vs. luminal A) were evaluated using age/race adjusted generalized-linear models, with Bonferroni-corrected significance thresholds. (cdc.gov)
Triple-negative subtype was associated with distinct 2-pore domain potassium channel expression patterns. (cdc.gov)
7. Volume regulation of murine T lymphocytes relies on voltage-dependent and two-pore domain potassium channels. (nih.gov)
8. The two-pore domain K2 P channel TASK2 drives human NK-cell proliferation and cytolytic function. (nih.gov)
15. The C-terminus SH3-binding domain of Kv1.3 is required for the actin-mediated immobilization of the channel via cortactin. (nih.gov)
Our main interest lies in the specific role of potassium channels such as two-pore Domain (K2P) channels for regulating key pathways in autoimmunity. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
All of them comprise, from their N-terminal to their C-terminal ends: a short hydrophilic region, a hydrophobic region structurally analogous and partially homologous to the transmembrane domain of voltage-gated animal channels from the Shaker superfamily, a putative cyclic nucleotide-binding domain, and a conserved C-terminal KHA domain. (embl.de)
This entry represents the KHA domain which is unique to plant K(+)in channels. (embl.de)
The KHA domain is essential for interaction of plant K(+)in channels. (embl.de)
The drug may also activate the human tandem pore domain potassium channel, TRESK ( 3 ). (neurotransmitter.net)
KCNK4 is a member of the two pore domain potassium channel (TC 1.A.1.8) family. (antibodiesinc.com)
TWIK1 (K2P1.1/KCNK1) belongs to the potassium channels of the two-pore domain. (bvsalud.org)
TWIK-related K(+) 1 (TREK1) potassium channels are members of the two-pore domain potassium channel family and contribute to background potassium conductances in many cell types, where their activity can be regulated by a variety of physiologic and pharmacologic mediators. (ox.ac.uk)
Studies from this laboratory have revealed that membrane depolarization in response to hypoxia is primarily the result of inhibition of background K+ channels which show strong similarities to the acid sensitive tandem-P-domain K+ channels TASK-1 and TASK-3. (ox.ac.uk)
Tandem pore domain halothane-inhibited potassium channel 1 (THIK-1) demonstrated significantly higher gene expression in microglia in diseased human brain samples. (cerevance.com)

In this review, we focus on the physiological roles of K(2P) channels in the most extensively investigated cell types, with special emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of channel regulation. (nih.gov)
It offers a molecular understanding of the structural and biophysical properties of TASK-3 -currently unavailable- and opens the venue to the therapeutic targeting of this ion channel. (europa.eu)
The researchers now are examining the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the drug's action and its effect on other ion channels that play a prominent role in setting the rhythm of the heart. (sciencedaily.com)
Nicotinic receptors, with a molecular mass of 290 kDa , [10] are made up of five subunits, arranged symmetrically around a central pore . (wikipedia.org)
In the tiny world of the cell, the pore complex ranks as one the largest molecular assemblies. (sbgrid.org)
Molecular mechanism of pH sensing in KcsA potassium channels. (cornell.edu)
Functional cell biology and molecular pharmacology of ATP sensitive potassium channels. (shu.ac.uk)
The patch clamp method of Sakmann and Neher, a technology which enables the examination of individual ion channels, was honored with a Nobel Prize and has resulted in the foundation of molecular electrophysiology as a recognized science. (healing-waves.com)

Inhibition of K ATP channels produces membrane depolarisation and reduces the ability of the vascular smooth muscle to hyperpolarize and thereby relax.K ATP channels are inwardly rectifying potassium channels (Kir), which are inhibited by ATP and stimulated by magnesium bound nucleotides. (shu.ac.uk)

Basic physicochemical parameters (e.g., pH, temperature, membrane stretch) and also several intracellular signaling pathways substantially and specifically modulate the different members of the six K(2P) channel subfamilies (TWIK, TREK, TASK, TALK, THIK, and TRESK). (nih.gov)
The stretch-activated two pore potassium channel TREK-1 is up-regulated during gestation to term such that it may maintain uterine quiescence by hyperpolarizing the smooth muscle cell membrane. (nih.gov)
The two-pore potassium channel TASK-3 has been shown to localize to both the plasma membrane and the mitochondrial inner membrane. (unipd.it)
Cell death was accompanied by mitochondrial membrane depolarization and fragmentation of the mitochondrial network, suggesting a role of the channel in the maintenance of the correct function of this organelle. (unipd.it)
The resting muscle fiber membrane is polarized primarily by the movement of chloride through chloride channels and is repolarized by movement of potassium. (medscape.com)
Ion channel dysfunction is usually well compensated with normal excitation, and additional triggers are often necessary to produce muscle inexcitability owing to sustained membrane depolarization. (medscape.com)
Pacemaker hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are unique among VGICs because their open probability is increased by membrane hyperpolarization rather than depolarization. (nature.com)
TASK-3 is a potassium channel member of the recently discovered two-pore potassium channels family (K2P) responsible for the background current maintaining the membrane resting potential. (europa.eu)
when it opens, potassium flows across the membrane, transmitting electrical signals essential for life. (edu.au)
We have discovered lysosomal ion channels that are sensitive to luminal pH, voltage across organelle membrane, membrane lipids, cytosolic ATP levels and extracellular nutrient availability. (upenn.edu)
Potassium channels play many fundamental roles including setting the resting membrane potential of cells and determining the duration of action potentials in neurons and cardiac muscles. (upenn.edu)
A common feature among them is the selectivity filter formed by membrane re-entrant "P-loops" containing a GYG/GFG K + channel. (upenn.edu)
MacKinnon's lab did GIRK reconstitution in a synthetic lipid membrane and found that four highly cooperative beta-gamma subunits are needed to open the channel. (nih.gov)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) sensitive potassium channels (K ATP) transduce changes in cellular metabolism into changes in membrane potential. (shu.ac.uk)
After numerous futile experiments and constant improvements, Neher and Sakmann finally succeeded in 1976 to measure the ionic current of single channels in the cell membrane of a muscle fiber. (healing-waves.com)
Patch clamp apparatus with which Sakmann and Neher were able to measure the ionic current through single membrane channels in 1976. (healing-waves.com)
Vacuum leads to a gigaseal between pipette wall and membrane ('on cell' configuration), so that the ion channels below the opening of the pipette tip are the only connection between the inner side of the cell and the electrode fluid in the pipette. (healing-waves.com)
Studies show that over time, potassium channels in men and women begin to wear out, gradually inhibiting the transport of essential nutrients to the membrane. (amomentwithfranca.com)

Such K + channels display a reduction of conductance after exposure to a prolonged activating stimulus. (rupress.org)
Enflurane may also inhibit certain types of potassium channels, such as the human intermediate conductance Ca 2+ activated K + channel hIK1 ( 13 ). (neurotransmitter.net)
Electrostatic tuning of ion conductance in potassium channels. (cornell.edu)

Bando Y, Hirano T, Tagawa Y. Dysfunction of KCNK potassium channels impairs neuronal migration in the developing mouse cerebral cortex. (medlineplus.gov)

Maternally inherited Birk Barel mental retardation dysmorphism syndrome caused by a mutation in the genomically imprinted potassium channel KCNK9. (medlineplus.gov)
As is the case for Kv channels, its inactivation is promoted by low extracellular K + concentrations, and can be modulated by mutation of pore residues ( Yellen, 2002 ). (rupress.org)

They are responsible for baseline or leak currents and may be the most numerous of all K channels. (nih.gov)
Ionic currents mediated by a prokaryotic homologue of CLC Cl- channels. (cornell.edu)

Ion channels are ubiquitous signal integrators regulating basic cellular functions mandatory for key pathways in autoinflammatory conditions such as immune cell activation, effector functions, demyelination and neuronal cell death. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
In mammalian brains, voltage-gated Na + channels (Na V s) and Ca 2+ channels (Ca V s) are fundamental in action potential generation, synaptic transmission, gene expression and neuronal computation. (upenn.edu)
Dysfunctions in the channels are linked to physiological, neuronal, and other disorders. (nih.gov)

80 genes encoding the pore-forming subunits of "canonical" K + channels. (upenn.edu)

TRX2 combines potassium chloride, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and nicotinamide (niacin), all powerful, nutritional stimulants with a pure form of a naturally-generated substance (L-Carnitine-L-Tartrate). (amomentwithfranca.com)

These myometrial TREK-1 variants lack either the pore or the transmembrane domains or both. (nih.gov)
The pore-forming subunits (α) of Ca V s and Na V s consist four homologous repeats, each with six transmembrane domains (6TM, S1-S6). (upenn.edu)
Instead, the channel filter is formed by the first transmembrane domains (TM1). (upenn.edu)

With HyperPP fast channel inactivation, mutations are usually situated in the inner parts of transmembrane segments or in the intracellular loops affecting the docking sites for the fast inactivating particle, thus impairing fast channel inactivation leading to persistent Na + current. (medscape.com)
Papazian, D. M., Timpe, L. C., Jan, Y. N. & Jan, L. Y. Alteration of voltage-dependence of Shaker potassium channel by mutations in the S4 sequence. (nature.com)
We show that both forms of TREK1 can be activated by fenamates and that a number of mutations that affect TREK1 channel gating occlude the action of fenamates but only in the longer form of TREK1. (ox.ac.uk)

Dr. Brown holds eight patents on ion channel methodology and application of ion channel pharmacology to therapeutics. (nih.gov)
Influence of the N terminus on the biophysical properties and pharmacology of TREK1 potassium channels. (ox.ac.uk)

Recent mutagenesis studies have identified a stretch of amino acid residues which form the ion-selective pore of the voltage-gated potassium channel. (ox.ac.uk)
We have synthesized a polypeptide corresponding to this amino acid sequence (residues 431-449 of the ShA potassium channel from Drosophila). (ox.ac.uk)
Residues within the C-terminal play a role in channel expression and channel gating, including voltage-dependent activation. (thermofisher.com)

Because the main effect of the drug in our study was induction of arrhythmia, and arrhythmia is often the result of ion-channel dysfunction," continued Singh, "we examined the drug's effect on potassium channels and other ion channels in their models and were struck by the strong inhibition of the potassium channels. (sciencedaily.com)
Thus, we conclude that the inhibition of the TWIK1 channel by magnolol is related to G229 and T225 on the P2- pore helix. (bvsalud.org)
The background K+ channels of type-1 cells are also very sensitive to inhibition of mitochondrial energy metabolism and, in excised patches, appear to be directly activated by ATP. (ox.ac.uk)
The key issue of whether the effects of hypoxia are mediated through changes in metabolism remains unanswered but the effects of inhibition of mitochondrial energy metabolism and of hypoxia upon background K+ channels is mutually exclusive suggesting that there is a close link between metabolism and oxygen sensing in the type 1 cell. (ox.ac.uk)

Compared with Kv channels, however, KscA has the advantage of structural simplicity: although the transmembrane (TM) portion of Kv channels is a tetrameric assembly of six TM segments, KcsA is made of the tetrameric assembly of only two TM segments. (rupress.org)

channels, this mechanism is unlikely to mediate neurotoxicity at lower exposure levels during critical perinatal periods in mammals. (nih.gov)
Mannikko, R., Elinder, F. & Larsson, H. P. Voltage-sensing mechanism is conserved among ion channels gated by opposite voltages. (nature.com)
The adverse effect arising from this unexpected mechanism definitely needs to be studied more closely, because the potassium channels inhibited by the drug are present in heart, brain and many other tissues in the human body. (sciencedaily.com)
Fast inactivation, also called N-type inactivation, results from a mechanism that has been ascribed to pore blocking by a N-terminal peptide. (rupress.org)
in this issue) proposes an intriguing mechanism for the allosteric control of C-type inactivation by the activation gate in the bacterial K + channel KcsA. (rupress.org)
80 canonical K + channels) with a GYG/GFG motif-containing P-loop to form the channel pore to select K + ion, the other (TMEM175) with a P-loop-independent mechanism for K + -selectivity. (upenn.edu)
These results provide insight into the mechanism of TREK1 channel activation by fenamates, and, given the role of TREK1 channels in pain, they suggest a novel analgesic mechanism for these compounds. (ox.ac.uk)
Mechanism for selectivity-inactivation coupling in KcsA potassium channels. (cornell.edu)
Mechanism of potassium-channel selectivity revealed by Na(+) and Li(+) binding sites within the KcsA pore. (cornell.edu)

IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. (wikipedia.org)

Nevertheless, the KcsA pore closely resembles that of Kv channels: the main activation gate is found at the crossing between TM segments on the intracellular side of the channel and the C-type inactivation site is located toward the extracellular side at the level of the selectivity filter (SF). (rupress.org)
2014. A KcsA/MloK1 chimeric ion channel has lipid-dependent ligand-binding energetics. . (cornell.edu)

The reduction of ion transport through TASK3 channels disrupts normal neuron development and excitability. (medlineplus.gov)
Potassium (K + ) is central to neuron electrophysiology, yet no natural K + -selective light-gated channel has been identified. (nature.com)

Potassium ion channels are tiny, gated, pores in cell membranes that permit controlled potassium flow in and out of cells. (edu.au)

The K(2P) channels are regulated by a wide variety of voltage-independent factors. (nih.gov)
binding analysis and a single-channel voltage clamp were utilized to measure engagement of RyRs as a direct target of DM. (nih.gov)
Voltage-sensitive ion channels closely regulate generation of action potentials (brief and reversible alterations of the voltage of cellular membranes). (medscape.com)
Fig. 2: Hyperpolarization-dependent change in Anap fluorescence of spHCN channels with l -Anap incorporated into the S4 voltage sensor. (nature.com)
Armstrong, C. M. & Hille, B. Voltage-gated ion channels and electrical excitability. (nature.com)
Previously known gated potassium channels are mainly ligand- or voltage-gated and share a conserved K + -selectivity filter. (nature.com)
This review examines the role of Ca 2+ and the L-type voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels in cardiac disease. (jci.org)
Ca 2+ is the link in excitation-contraction (EC) coupling (Figure 1 ), which starts during the upstroke of the action potential (AP) and causes the opening of the L-type voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel (L-VDCC). (jci.org)
Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels control a number of different physiological processes, including the firing rate in axons. (rupress.org)
Furthermore, enflurane may inhibit voltage-gated Na + channels ( 12 ). (neurotransmitter.net)
The drug may also have a small inhibitory effect at Kv1.1 voltage-gated K + channels ( 14 ). (neurotransmitter.net)
Depending on the cell type considered, enflurane might inhibit T-type and L-type voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels ( 18 ). (neurotransmitter.net)
We propose models of DPPX interaction with the voltage-gated potassium channel complex. (proteopedia.org)

Slow inactivation, or C-type inactivation, is revealed upon suppression of fast inactivation and is thought to be due to a conformational change occurring within the pore of the channel. (rupress.org)

An intramembrane loop formed by the central part of broken D3M2 directly beneath the selectivity filter represents a unique structural motif that regulates K + flow by blocking and opening of the pore. (elifesciences.org)
The channels are diverse, but "what makes them a common family is that they all have…the selectivity filter. (nih.gov)

Hc KCR1 enables optogenetic control of K + gradients, which is promising for the study and potential treatment of potassium channelopathies such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and long-QT syndrome and other cardiac arrhythmias. (nature.com)

The cross-sectional view of the human nuclear pore complex shows the fuller structure that came into focus with a combination of several analytical techniques: The symmetrical core (orange) and cytoplasmic filaments (yellow). (sbgrid.org)

There are some 80 potassium channels in humans. (nih.gov)

MacKinnon, R. Potassium channels. (nature.com)
Listening to Nobel Laureate Roderick MacKinnon describe how ion channels function is like having Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates explain binary code. (nih.gov)
Nobel laureate Roderick MacKinnon presented a WALS lecture on the biophysics and biology of potassium ion channels. (nih.gov)
The love of his life [is] how ion channels work," said Anirban Banerjee during his introduction of MacKinnon at the lecture. (nih.gov)
Such insights were pivotal when Banerjee and MacKinnon successfully used a pore-blocking toxin to show the first co-crystal structure of a potassium channel. (nih.gov)
So despite a lack of faith among his colleagues, MacKinnon left Harvard for Rockefeller, where he set up a lab that used X-ray crystallography to determine the structures of ion channels. (nih.gov)
Different channels have evolved to sense different environmental stimuli: chemical, mechanical, and electrical, MacKinnon said. (nih.gov)

They set off cellular signalling pathways, so conduction through these channels is tightly controlled. (edu.au)

Bulk Order Inquiry for Anti-TRAAK Potassium Channel Antibody ------- (please add any order requirements, including desired quantity, timing, etc. (antibodiesinc.com)

Because the channels are always open, they are often called background or leak channels. (medlineplus.gov)

The structural approach will also produce the three-dimensional structure of TASK-3, which will deepen our understanding on the biophysical properties of this channel and its involvement in several other pathologies. (europa.eu)

In a paper released last year, we showed that the channel continues to function even when rendered incapable of physically widening. (edu.au)
Bulky side chains of Cmn block the channel pore physically, which leaves the channel non-functional. (escholarship.org)

Ligand-induced structural changes in the cyclic nucleotide-modulated potassium channel MloK1. (cornell.edu)
A cyclic nucleotide modulated prokaryotic K+ channel. (cornell.edu)

While the structural basis of C-type inactivation appears to have been established, how it is dynamically coupled to channel activation remains to be understood in detail. (rupress.org)

So it is fitting that two decades later, those fluttering filaments were some of the last parts to come into focus when the Hoelz lab and others published a handful of papers that essentially completed a composite structure of the pore complex ( Science 2022). (sbgrid.org)

Earlier research in the lab also discovered Ca 2+ signaling mechanisms during mammalian fertilization ( link ), with focus on the CatSper ion channel complex in sperm. (upenn.edu)

Hille, B. Ion Channels of Excitable Membranes 3rd edn (Sinauer Associates, 2001). (nature.com)

Potassium channels play a role in many cellular processes including maintenance of the action potential, muscle contraction, hormone secretion, osmotic regulation, and ion flow. (thermofisher.com)
Ion channel gating is essential for cellular homeostasis and is tightly controlled. (elifesciences.org)

As ionotropic receptors, nAChRs are directly linked to ion channels. (wikipedia.org)
This strategy is directly transferable to other ion channels and receptors, and its application has great potential in unraveling mechanisms of native and diseased brain circuitry. (escholarship.org)

Anatomy6

Organisms3

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs74

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes11

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science2

Subfamily2

Subunit5

Ions25

Tandem pore domain potassium channels1

Proteins6

Protein13

Sodium8

Domain28

Molecular8

Inwardly rectifying potassi1

Membrane18

Conductance3

KCNK1

Mutation2

Currents2

Neuronal3

Genes1

Chloride1

Transmembrane domains3

Mutations3

Pharmacology2

Residues3

Inhibition4

Tetrameric1

Mechanism9

IUPHAR1

KcsA2

Neuron2

Cell membranes1

Voltage13

Conformational1

Selectivity filter2

Channelopathies1

Cytoplasmic1

Humans1

MacKinnon7

Conduction1

TRAAK1

Leak channels1

Biophysical properties1

Physically2

Cyclic2

Inactivation1

20221

Mammalian1

20011

Cellular2

Receptors2