• This report provides updated recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) (i.e., bacteremia, meningitis, or infection of other normally sterile sites [ 2 ]) through use of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) among all adults aged ≥65 years and those adults aged 19--64 years with underlying medical conditions that put them at greater risk for serious pneumococcal infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Two types of pneumococcal vaccines are cur- polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) because its effective- rently available for adults: the 23-valent pneumo- ness differs according to serotype. (cdc.gov)
  • Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine, Japan decline might have changed the effectiveness of microbiologic testing results were available were in- PPSV23 against PPSV23-serotype IPD. (cdc.gov)
  • Each vaccine dose (0.5 mL) contains 25 mg of each polysaccharide antigen. (cdc.gov)
  • The tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine ([MPSV4], Menomune-A, C, Y, W-135) has been licensed in the United States since 1981 and is safe and immunogenic. (medscape.com)
  • ibrutinib decreases effects of typhoid polysaccharide vaccine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)
  • Evaluation in mice of a conjugate vaccine for cholera made from Vibrio cholerae O1 (Ogawa) O-specific polysaccharide. (nih.gov)
  • Anti-O-specific polysaccharide (OSP) immune responses following vaccination with oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR correlate with protection against cholera after infection with wild-type Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Inaba in North American volunteers. (nih.gov)
  • Immune responses to O-specific polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa in adult Bangladeshi recipients of an oral killed cholera vaccine and comparison to responses in patients with cholera. (nih.gov)
  • ABSTRACT The aim of this prospective study in Morocco was to investigate the causes of invasive bacterial diseases in children in order to inform antibiotic therapy and vaccine choices. (who.int)
  • In addition, starting at 24 months of age, a single dose of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine should be administered. (aap.org)
  • Within the rapidly growing vaccine space, conjugate vaccines-polysaccharide antigens covalently linked to carrier proteins-have been shown to be effective against several bacterial pathogens. (genengnews.com)
  • The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) protect against pneumococcal infections. (kidshealth.org)
  • Scientists at the Institut Pasteur have developed an innovative conjugate vaccine prototype using a synthetic sugar component mimicking the bacterial polysaccharide antigen, which induces protective antibodies. (pasteur.fr)
  • This vaccine candidate originated from the molecular-level understanding of the distinctive properties of the polysaccharide exposed at the surface of the Shigella flexneri 2a bacterium (a Shigella serotype that is prevalent throughout the world) and its role as a major target of the protective antibody response against reinfection. (pasteur.fr)
  • In search of answers, I got in contact with Dr. Jo Anne Welsch, an expert in immunology who's currently directing a vaccine project for Group B Streptococcus, a type of bacterial infection. (ucsusa.org)
  • Pathogens reduce immune recognition of their cell surfaces using a variety of inert structural polysaccharides. (nih.gov)
  • Several Gram-negative bacterial pathogens decorate their surfaces with exopolysaccharide (EPS), including capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (frontiersin.org)
  • Sources, ecology and fate of human microbial pathogens (bacterial and viral) in estuarine environments and their interactions with nutrients, suspended particulate material (flocs), sediments and shellfish. (bangor.ac.uk)
  • Most bacterial pathogens responsible for such infections are enclosed by polysaccharide capsules that protect them from phagocytosis and complement- mediated killing, ensuring their persistence on the respiratory mucosa and survival in the bloodstream and deep body tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • CRM 197 , which has a single amino acid substitution of glutamic acid for glycine, is a well-characterized carrier protein and is utilized in a number of approved conjugate vaccines for diseases such as meningitis and pneumococcal bacterial infection. (genengnews.com)
  • The efficacy of serogroups A and C polysaccharide vaccines has been estimated at 85-100% among older children and adults. (medscape.com)
  • [ 20 ] As a result, meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines have several inherent limitations. (medscape.com)
  • Gamma 3 gene-disrupted mice selectively deficient in the dominant IgG subclass made to bacterial polysaccharides undergo normal isotype switching after immunization with polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines. (tamu.edu)
  • Conjugate Vaccines from Bacterial Antigens by Squaric Acid Chemistry: A Closer Look. (nih.gov)
  • 4 Recurring epidemics of meningococcal disease, 5 increased antibiotic resistance among pneumococci, 6 and failure to introduce conjugate Hib vaccines into many developing countries means that bacterial meningitis remains a serious global health problem. (bmj.com)
  • Conjugate vaccines use carrier proteins to increase the immunogenicity of antigens (e.g., peptides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides) and other haptens. (genengnews.com)
  • Under Topic I, the committee will meet in open session to hear an overview of the research programs in the Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides (LBP), Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products (DBPAP), Office of Vaccines Research and Review (OVRR), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER). (fda.gov)
  • Although the composition of the O1 antigen of Klebsiella was resolved more than two decades, the genetic locus involved in the biosynthesis of D-galactan II and the role of D-galactan II in bacterial pathogenesis remain unclear. (frontiersin.org)
  • Regardless of the biological and biotechnological importance of the virulence capsular polysaccharide (Vi antigen) of S. enterica serovar Typhi, some central aspects of its production are poorly understood. (uoguelph.ca)
  • the other is a capsular polysaccharide (K antigen). (medscape.com)
  • Chemical Synthesis of the Galacturonic Acid Containing Pentasaccharide Antigen of the O-Specific Polysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O139 and Its Five Fragments. (nih.gov)
  • The invention includes a new method to conjugate the O-specific polysaccharide-core part of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide and protein subcomponents. (nih.gov)
  • Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein facilitates transfer of bacterial cell wall components to inflammatory cells. (medscape.com)
  • AIM To determine whether intellectual and cognitive impairments observed seven years following early childhood bacterial meningitis persist into adolescence. (bmj.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS Many of the deficits identified at the seven year follow up persist 12 years after an episode of bacterial meningitis. (bmj.com)
  • Bacterial meningitis is a severe childhood illness. (bmj.com)
  • While Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease has been virtually eliminated from North America, northern Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, 1 in developing countries it is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis, 2 responsible for over 200 000 cases and more than 40 000 deaths annually. (bmj.com)
  • In spite of potent antibiotics and improved management of the critically ill, there is a small and significant risk of death or severe neurological sequelae following bacterial meningitis in childhood. (bmj.com)
  • 9 Despite these impressions, a prospective seven year follow up study of children surviving bacterial meningitis and their classroom peers showed that these primary school age survivors showed mildly decreased intellectual quotient (IQ) scores and consistently performed less well with neuropsychological tasks, being more likely to have abnormal findings across all categories tested. (bmj.com)
  • Of 238 children aged ≤ 5 years admitted to the Children's Hospital of Casablanca for invasive diseases over a 12-month period, 185 were diagnosed with bacterial infection: 76 had chest-X-ray-confirmed pneumonia, 59 had meningitis and 50 had sepsis. (who.int)
  • Bacterial meningitis, often with associated acute otitis media, is more common in children with cochlear implants than in groups of control children. (aap.org)
  • Imaging of the temporal bone/inner ear should be performed before cochlear implantation in all children with congenital deafness and all patients with profound hearing impairment and a history of bacterial meningitis to identify those with inner-ear malformations/cerebrospinal fluid fistulas or ossification of the cochlea. (aap.org)
  • They can lead to serious infections like pneumonia , blood infections, and bacterial meningitis . (kidshealth.org)
  • Neonatal bacterial meningitis is inflammation of the meninges due to bacterial invasion. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Bacterial Meningitis in Infants Over 3 Months of Age Bacterial meningitis in infants is a serious infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Neonatal bacterial meningitis occurs in 2/10,000 full-term and 2/1,000 low-birth-weight (LBW) neonates, with a male predominance. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Neonatal bacterial meningitis may also result from scalp lesions, particularly when developmental defects lead to communication between the skin surface and the subarachnoid space, which predisposes to thrombophlebitis of the diploic veins. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cell-surface polysaccharides serve as essential virulence determinants for many bacteria. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Donors were bacteria from the bacterial phylum Bacteroidetes. (mpg.de)
  • Dr. McCarthy and Dr. Wachira's collaborative research combines computational modeling and simulations with laboratory experimentation to gain a better understanding of how bacteria synthesize extra cellular polysaccharides. (morgan.edu)
  • Bacterial polysaccharide specificity of the pattern recognition receptor langerin is highly species-dependent. (mpg.de)
  • The method showed an analytical sensitivity of 100% (89 out of 89) and a specificity of 99% (167 out of 168) when 257 bacterial strains (37 different species) were tested 12 . (ersjournals.com)
  • O-Specific Polysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O139: Improved Synthesis and Conjugation to BSA by Squaric Acid Chemistry. (nih.gov)
  • It was shown that mycelial mass, used in the culture medium as a sole carbon source, induced mutanase synthesis and could be utilized as an inexpensive and easily available substitute for bacterial mutan. (scielo.br)
  • Dr. Pumtiwitt McCarthy (Principal Investigator), Associate Professor of Chemistry , and Dr. James Wachira (Co-Principal Investigator), Associate Professor of Biology , have been awarded a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to carry out their project, "Excellence in Research: Elucidating Factors that Affect Substrate Promiscuity of Bacterial Capsule Polymerases for Synthesis of Novel Polysaccharides. (morgan.edu)
  • The project aims to harness the biosynthetic power of a bacterial enzyme as a new potential route to the synthesis of novel polysaccharides. (morgan.edu)
  • With those exceptions, strains within this genus ferment lactose, most produce highly mucoid colonies on plates because of the production of a luxuriant polysaccharide capsule, and all are nonmotile. (medscape.com)
  • According to the CDC , PCV13 protects children and others against 13 different strains of bacterial pneumonia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • PCSV23 protects older adults and others who need it against 23 different strains of bacterial pneumonia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Isolation and cultivation of novel cellulolytic bacterial strains. (bangor.ac.uk)
  • Dynamics of acute bacterial diseases. (who.int)
  • Epidemiological models of acute bacterial diseases. (who.int)
  • LPS is composed of lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O antigenic polysaccharide. (frontiersin.org)
  • As originally described by Lancefield, beta-hemolytic streptococci can be divided into many groups based on the antigenic differences in group-specific polysaccharides located in the bacterial cell wall. (medscape.com)
  • In Japan, PCV7 was licensed in November 2010, ens Serum Institute, https://en.ssi.dk) after culturing included in the routine immunization program for overnight. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 14 , 21 ] The serogroup A polysaccharide induces antibody in some children as young as 3 months of age, and may provide short term protection. (medscape.com)
  • Bacterial products that have potential antineoplastic or immunostimulatory properties include bacterial toxins, microbial ligands of pattern recognition receptors, as well as bacterial metabolites, including butyrate, polyamines and pyridoxine. (nature.com)
  • Characterizing microbial polysaccharide (lignocellulose) decomposition in terrestrial, aquatic and managed environments and the biotechnological application of novel glycosyl hydrolase enzymes. (bangor.ac.uk)
  • The new method simplifies production by utilizing squaric acid chemistry for conjugating the free amine-containing species (e.g. polysaccharides) directly to amine-containing species (e.g. proteins) without prior modification of either component. (nih.gov)
  • For bacterial amyloid pathways like curli and Fap, it is clear that accessory proteins ensure a timely and localized amyloid deposition, including chaperone-like safeguards that prevent or stop premature amyloidogenesis 9 , 10 . (nature.com)
  • Host defense against bacterial invasion depends on phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear granulocytes and the bactericidal effect of serum, mediated in large part by complement proteins. (medscape.com)
  • Direct Conjugation of Bacterial Polysaccharides to Proteins by Squaric Acid Chemistry. (nih.gov)
  • Aloe Polysaccharides are a concentrated, water soluble subcomponent of Aloe Vera with a mono-sugar ratio of Man : Gal : Glc: 40 : 1.4 : 1.0, linkage of 1-4 ß - linkage, O-Acetyl group of 25% of sugar units, and specific rotation of [α] D = -3.98° at 23.2° C. Average molecular weight is 80,000 daltons. (nih.gov)
  • Correction: Plasma and memory B cell responses targeting O-specific polysaccharide (OSP) are associated with protection against Vibrio cholerae O1 infection among household contacts of cholera patients in Bangladesh. (nih.gov)
  • Neonatal Sepsis Neonatal sepsis is invasive infection, usually bacterial, occurring during the neonatal period. (msdmanuals.com)
  • it is also a cause of bacterial endocarditis in children and adults. (cdc.gov)
  • This research provides foundational information for biosynthesis of important classes of polysaccharides and the structures and activities of polymerases with different properties. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Endemic fungi that affect normal hosts such as Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis have also evolved protective polysaccharide coverings in the form of immunologically inert α-(1,3)-glucan polysaccharides to protect their more immunogenic β-(1,3)-glucan-containing cell walls. (nih.gov)
  • Presentations will highlight the latest findings of NIH supported researchers who are developing new methods and tools for the study of microbes and applying these tools to understand bacterial metabolism, interaction(s) with the immune system, and for the discover of new drug targets. (nih.gov)
  • Drugs that modify bacterial metabolism are being developed with the scope of inhibiting the production of carcinogenic products. (nature.com)
  • In enzymology, a capsular-polysaccharide-transporting ATPase (EC 7.6.2.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + H2O + capsular polysaccharidein ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } ADP + phosphate + capsular polysaccharideout The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, H2O, and capsular polysaccharide, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and capsular polysaccharide. (wikipedia.org)
  • The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP phosphohydrolase (capsular-polysaccharide-exporting). (wikipedia.org)
  • Some of our earlier studies suggested that in at least one subfamily of longhorned beetles, the flat-faced longhorns, members of the GH5_2 enzyme family have evolved to break down not only cellulose but also other polysaccharides, such as xylan and xyloglucan. (mpg.de)
  • Both classic-pathway and alternate-pathway complement activation have been described, but the latter, which does not require the presence of immunoglobulins directed against bacterial antigens, appears to be the more active pathway in K pneumoniae infections. (medscape.com)
  • The development of intact biofilms is very critical for the spreading and persistence of bacterial infections in the host. (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, this review discusses the current understanding of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in bacterial biofilm and intensely emphasized the novel therapeutic strategies for combating biofilm mediated infections. (frontiersin.org)
  • Irritated, broken skin is more prone to bacterial and fungal infections. (healthline.com)
  • Capsules are widely distributed among bacterial species, but relatively rare in eukaryotic microorganisms, where they have evolved considerable complexity in structure and regulation and are exemplified by that of the HIV/AIDS-related fungus Cryptococcus neoformans . (nih.gov)
  • Bacterial biofilms also strengthen biofouling, affecting shipping functions, and the offshore industries in their natural environment. (frontiersin.org)
  • Bacterial biofilms can attach to various materials such as metals, glass surfaces, plastic wares, tissues, and clinical devices. (frontiersin.org)
  • Polysaccharides constitute major elements of the biofilm matrix and are implied in surface adhesion and biofilm organization, but their contributions to the resistance properties of biofilms remain largely elusive. (nih.gov)
  • Functional and genomic analysis of bacterial species associated with Acute Oak Decline. (bangor.ac.uk)
  • A ubiquitous organism, S pyogenes is the most common bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis , accounting for 15-30% of cases in children and 5-10% of cases in adults. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we demonstrate that a fungal CDH from Myriococcum thermophilum (MtCDH), can act as an electron donor for bacterial family AA10 LPMOs. (boku.ac.at)
  • Overall, MtCDH seems to be a universal electron donor for both bacterial and fungal LPMOs, indicating that their electron transfer mechanisms are similar. (boku.ac.at)
  • They are able to activate complement, which causes selective deposition of C3b onto LPS molecules at sites distant from the bacterial cell membrane. (medscape.com)
  • Their medicinal magic comes from the polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates made up of sugar molecules) they contain, which support the immune system and fight cancer. (baumancollege.org)
  • This works because the structural molecules of the polysaccharides mimic the molecules in bacterial cell walls. (baumancollege.org)
  • They possess a polysaccharide capsule, which is the main determinant of their pathogenicity. (medscape.com)
  • This epidemiologic setting substantially differs from that of large families in that the latter include children of different ages and therefore, at any given time, only a fraction of siblings belong to the age group at enhanced risk for bacterial colonization and invasion, which limits the chances to acquire and transmit the organism. (cdc.gov)
  • Synthetic polysaccharide biomaterials have a wide array of applications across many fields including medicine, where they have been in drug delivery systems and engineering cartilage and tissue, and environmental remediation, where they have been used for removing heavy metals from the environment. (morgan.edu)
  • The capsule is composed of complex acidic polysaccharides. (medscape.com)
  • This inhibits the formation of the membrane attack complex (C5b-C9), which prevents membrane damage and bacterial cell death. (medscape.com)
  • McNally DJ, Jarrell HC, Li J, Khieu NH, Vinogradov E, Szymanski CM, Brisson JR. The HS:1 serostrain of Campylobacter jejuni has a complex teichoic acid-like capsular polysaccharide with nonstoichiometric fructofuranose branches and O-methyl phosphoramidate groups. (umassmed.edu)
  • Bacterial biofilm formation is a major persistent threat, as it increases morbidity and mortality, thereby imposing heavy economic pressure on the healthcare sector. (frontiersin.org)
  • Using a combination of static and continuous-flow biofilm experiments we show that Psl, one major polysaccharide in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix, provides a generic first line of defense toward antibiotics with diverse biochemical properties during the initial stages of biofilm development. (nih.gov)
  • The bacterial cytoplasm and membrane hold various enzymes that keep the cell alive. (informit.com)
  • The volume of bacterial cells ranges from 0.02 to 400 μm 3 . (informit.com)
  • Other patients at greater risk because of decreased responsiveness to polysaccharide antigens or more rapid decline in serum antibody include those with functional or anatomic asplenia (e.g., sickle cell disease or splenectomy), Hodgkin's disease, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, and organ transplantation. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, the capsule prevents bacterial death caused by bactericidal serum factors. (medscape.com)