Polysaccharide bacterial capsules. Medical search. Frequent questions

Mutants functionally deficient in vivo show no binding to K30 polymer in vitro.Apparently, Wzi is a novel outer-membrane lectin that assists in the formation of the bacterial capsule via direct interaction with capsular polysaccharides. (tcdb.org)
What are capsular polysaccharides(K antigens)? (iith.ac.in)
The capsular polysaccharides of E. coli have been well characterized and classified into four groups based on several factors, including biosynthetic gene locus and assembly mechanisms. (iith.ac.in)
The bacterial cell envelope consists of multiple layers, including the peptidoglycan cell wall, one or two membranes, and often an external layer composed of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) or other components. (bvsalud.org)
The role of the capsular polysaccharides in virulence has long been studied [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

With those exceptions, strains within this genus ferment lactose, most produce highly mucoid colonies on plates because of the production of a luxuriant polysaccharide capsule, and all are nonmotile. (medscape.com)
S. pneumoniae bacterial strains are cloaked by a polysaccharide capsule that protects them from phagocytic cells in the lungs and blood during lung infections. (sciencedaily.com)
To investigate whether nonencapsulated S. suis can restore the ability to express the capsule and become virulent again, we repeated in vitro or in vivo passages of nonencapsulated S. suis and attempted to retrieve capsule-recovered strains. (cdc.gov)
I also thank Mr. Phan Cong Hoang for helpful discussions during the preparation of this thesis report and for providing the bacterial strains. (termpaperwarehouse.com)
The efficacy of the recombinant B1dep depolymerase was tested by spotting on K. pneumoniae strains and it was confirmed that the extract lowers the thickness of the bacterium lawn as it degrades the protective capsule on bacterial cells. (kovacstamas.com)
ProbioBalance by Aliness® KIDS Balance are specially selected bacterial strains dedicated to children from the age of 1. (aliness.co.uk)
Higher fermentation yields of exopolysaccharides have occurred as a result of improvements and alterations of bacterial strains, and better understanding of bacterial biosynthesis and optimization of fermentation conditions. (justia.com)
Bacterial strains from the genus Shpingomonas produce exopolysaccharides which remain attached to the cell surface (Pollock et al. (justia.com)
Some H influenzae strains have no capsule and are termed nonencapsulated H influenzae or nontypeable H influenzae (NTHi). (medscape.com)
Strains that produce K-antigen capsule are more resistant to phagocytosis (4) and cause a spreading type of infection in a murine lesion model (5). (oscars2019info.com)

Many Streptococcus suis isolates from porcine endocarditis in slaughterhouses have lost their capsule and are considered avirulent. (cdc.gov)
Capsule recovery of Streptococcus suis strain NL119 in vivo. (cdc.gov)
Here, we developed a genetic glycoengineering platform by reprogramming the capsular polysaccharide pathways in Streptococcus pneumoniae to interrogate GT specificity and manipulate glycan structures. (bvsalud.org)
sex pilus to attach to other bacteria Resistance increased by the type of cell wall, and presence of endospore, capsules, slime layers Toxin the lipopolysaccharide upper layer of Gram negative bacteria is released as toxins Taxonomy Domain : Bacteria Kingdom: Monera Phyla : Firmicutes Gram-Positive e.g. cocci Staphylococcus Streptococcus bacilli Lactobacillus Gracilicutes Gram-Negative e.g. cocci bacilli spirochete obligate intracellular parasites Tenericutes No Cell Wall e.g. (termpaperwarehouse.com)
What special advantage does the capsule confer on the pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae? (nursingassignmentscare.com)
bifidum BB01, Streptococcus thermophilus YO8, Bifidobacterium longum BL03, bacterial shell: glycerol esters of fatty acids, capsule shell (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose). (aliness.co.uk)
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common bacteria of the commensal flora and together with other bacterial species, colonizes the nasopharyngeal niche and upper respiratory tract. (biomedcentral.com)

She recently landed a grant with colleague James Wachira to study substrate selection by capsule polymerases, and she also is interested in developing vaccines that target the meningitis-causing bacteria Neisseria meningitidis. (asbmb.org)
Effective vaccines produce antibodies that can bind to the capsule and help phagocytes engulf and destroy the bacteria, thus preventing disease and saving lives. (sciencedaily.com)
Generally, pathogen products used in subunit vaccines include purified or recombinant protein-inactivated bacterial toxins, or polysaccharides present on surface capsules. (medicaltrend.org)
Conjugate vaccines are made by combining polysaccharide residues in the bacterial surface capsule with carrier proteins (such as diphtheria toxoid protein). (medicaltrend.org)
Because the highest rates of disease occur in the first 2 years of life, efficacious Hib vaccines have been designed by covalently linking the PRP capsule to a carrier protein that recruits T-cell help for the polysaccharide immune response and induces anti-PRP antibody production even in the first 6 months of life. (ox.ac.uk)
Introduction of Hib protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines into many industrialized countries over the past 15 years has resulted in the virtual elimination of invasive Hib disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Maintaining protection against invasive bacteria with protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines. (ox.ac.uk)
The use of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines in developed countries over the past two decades has markedly decreased the burden of disease and mortality from these organisms through direct protection of the immunized and through herd immunity. (ox.ac.uk)
The outer polysaccharide capsule and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens are key targets for novel control strategies targeting Klebsiella pneumoniae and related taxa from the K. pneumoniae species complex (KpSC), including vaccines, phage and monoclonal antibody therapies. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Prior to the introduction of Haemophilus b conjugate vaccines, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was the most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis and a leading cause of serious, systemic bacterial disease in young children worldwide. (theodora.com)
However, the evolutionary dynamics of the capsule - the target of the currently used vaccines - remains not fully understood. (ox.ac.uk)
Hib capsule is composed of polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate (PRP), a polysaccharide used in Hib vaccines. (cdc.gov)
Vaccines derived from PRP alone (polysaccharide vaccines) were developed in the 1970s. (cdc.gov)

Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that cause bacterial infection. (termpaperwarehouse.com)
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is one of the leading causes of invasive bacterial infection in young children worldwide. (ox.ac.uk)
Meningococcal meningitis and septicaemia occur as a result of a systemic bacterial infection by Neisseria meningitidis . (healthcare-arena.co.uk)
Aetiology of invasive bacterial infection and antimicrobial resistance in neonates in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis in line with the STROBE-NI reporting guidelines. (microbiologyresearch.org)
In a piece of work carried out by the Carbohydrate Metabolism Research Team of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology, the discovery has been made of the way in which the glgS gene (now renamed as the "surface composition regulator", scoR) acts in bacteria and how the mechanisms involved in bacterial infection can be altered by manipulating this gene, which indirectly affects glycogen production. (europa.eu)
These include infection with the middle ear, an infection with the blood, pneumonia, or bacterial meningitis. (nccmed.com)
A bacterial infection of the blood causes this condition and can be fatal. (nccmed.com)

it is also a cause of bacterial endocarditis in children and adults. (cdc.gov)
Polysaccharide-encapsulated organisms are the leading cause of bacterial meningitis and pneumonia in children. (ox.ac.uk)
ABSTRACT Neisseria meningitidis, a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and other serious infections, is responsible for approximately one-third of cases of bacterial meningitis in the Children's Hospital of Tunis. (who.int)

Both classic-pathway and alternate-pathway complement activation have been described, but the latter, which does not require the presence of immunoglobulins directed against bacterial antigens, appears to be the more active pathway in K pneumoniae infections. (medscape.com)
Most bacterial pathogens responsible for such infections are enclosed by polysaccharide capsules that protect them from phagocytosis and complement- mediated killing, ensuring their persistence on the respiratory mucosa and survival in the bloodstream and deep body tissues. (cdc.gov)
It is a member of the ESKAPE group, which is the main bacterial group that causes infections in humans [ 12 ], and has been recently ranked as a bacterium that poses the greatest health threat by World Health Organization [ 13 ]. (pfmjournal.org)
Felix d'Herelle first coined the term "bacteriophage" ( 4 ), literally meaning "bacterium eater," and began using phages to treat bacterial infections in human patients ( Fig. 1 ). (asm.org)
2nd most common bacterial STI STI Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that spread either by vaginal intercourse, anal sex, or oral sex. (lecturio.com)
As Javier Pozueta, director of the Carbohydrate Metabolism Research Team that carried out the work, explained, "We can say that we may have found an additional way of combating bacterial infections and contamination by encouraging the formation of glycogen in bacteria. (europa.eu)

The capsule of this Gram-negative bacterium is a dominant virulence factor, with a prominent role in defense and biofilm formation. (kovacstamas.com)
Capsule is usually synthesized in the cytoplasm and secreted outside of the cell to surround the bacterium. (microbiologynotes.org)

One breakthrough was his finding that the then-accepted second-generation ELISA assay lacked specificity to quantitate human antibodies against pneumococcal polysaccharides. (sciencedaily.com)
Antibodies to Hib capsular polysaccharide are protective. (cdc.gov)

McCarthy, a glycobiologist, studies polysaccharide synthesis in bacterial capsules. (asbmb.org)
Many isolates from porcine endocarditis lost their capsule, and all the nonencapsulated isolates analyzed had mutations in the capsular polysaccharide synthesis ( cps ) genes ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
A) The genetic organization of the S. suis serotype 2 capsular polysaccharide synthesis ( cps ) gene cluster and mutations observed in isolate NL119. (cdc.gov)
We propose that septal CPS synthesis is important for chain formation and complement evasion, thereby promoting bacterial survival inside the host. (bvsalud.org)
Our data indicate that the 77bpIR element is involved in modulating both LPS and capsule synthesis in (3). (oscars2019info.com)
Importantly, a capsule null mutant strain was shown to be a more potent inducer of cytokine synthesis by human gingival fibroblasts than the corresponding parent strain, indicating a role for capsule in cloaking against innate immune responses (3). (oscars2019info.com)
Although synthesis of capsule by is an important virulence determinant, UNC 2250 the regulatory mechanisms that control its synthesis have UNC 2250 not been determined. (oscars2019info.com)
Genes in the PG0104-PG0121 locus have been shown to be required for K1 capsule synthesis (19, 20). (oscars2019info.com)
Just recently, Ltp1 was shown to inactivate (dephosphorylate) the tyrosine kinase Ptk1, which in turn was shown to control levels of exopolysaccharide production in both strain 33277 and W83 (24), showing that this tyrosine kinase modulates production and export of extracellular polysaccharide in from a plasmid or deletion of the 77bpIR element alters the synthesis of surface. (oscars2019info.com)

A guinea pig model to assess the immunogenicity of a combination vaccine containing diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) capsular polysaccharide conjugated to tetanus toxoid (HibT) was evaluated comparatively with the mouse immunogenicity test to study the effect of combining these antigens on the immunogenicity of various components. (rostlab.org)
These components are the Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide [polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP)] that is covalently bound to an outer membrane protein complex (OMPC) of Neisseria meningitidis and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from recombinant yeast cultures. (theodora.com)
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is the leading cause of invasive bacterial disease among children in the United States. (cdc.gov)

Like other polysaccharides, the polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP) of the Hib capsule is a T-independent antigen and not immunogenic when administered as a vaccine in infancy. (ox.ac.uk)
The polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) capsule of Hib is a major virulence factor for the organism. (cdc.gov)

the other is a capsular polysaccharide (K antigen). (medscape.com)
The outer membrane group 1 antigen capsule biogenesis/assembly protein, Wzi of 477 aas. (tcdb.org)
Both K-antigen capsule and LPS account for the serotype specificity of a particular strain. (oscars2019info.com)

The initial contact between the peptide and the target organism is electrostatic, as most bacterial surfaces are anionic, or hydrophobic, such as in the antimicrobial peptide Piscidin. (wikipedia.org)
This capsule encases the entire cell surface, accounts for the large appearance of the organism on gram stain, and provides resistance against many host defense mechanisms. (medscape.com)
This epidemiologic setting substantially differs from that of large families in that the latter include children of different ages and therefore, at any given time, only a fraction of siblings belong to the age group at enhanced risk for bacterial colonization and invasion, which limits the chances to acquire and transmit the organism. (cdc.gov)
During childhood, acquisition of antibody directed against the polysaccharide capsule of the organism, presumably as a result of asymptomatic carriage, confers protection and disease is much less common after the age of 4 years. (ox.ac.uk)
This organism has a polysaccharide capsule that apparently stimulates abscess formation. (msdmanuals.com)

The capsule of S. suis is a major virulence factor ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
The outermost structure of encapsulated H. influenzae is composed of a polysaccharide, a key virulence factor. (cdc.gov)

2013 ). Mutagenesis experiments showed that specific extracellular loops are required for in vivo capsule assembly. (tcdb.org)
Bacterial extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) play critical roles in virulence. (ox.ac.uk)

These isolates had the cps gene cluster of serotype 2 but had lost their capsule because of mutations in the cps genes ( Table ). (cdc.gov)
Here, using genetic data from 4,469 bacterial isolates, we foundcpsto be an evolutionary hotspot with elevated substitution and recombination rates. (ox.ac.uk)
Both isolates displayed a hydrophilic cell surface following the bacterial adherence to xylene assay. (biomedcentral.com)

Some capsules have a well-defined border, whereas others form a slime layer that trails off into the medium. (nih.gov)
Consists of thick polysaccharide capsule (slime layer adhesin). (powershow.com)
Slime layer produce capsule in unfavorable condition. (foodtechnotes.com)
If the substances are unorganized and loosely attached to the cell wall, the capsule is called slime layer. (foodtechnotes.com)

An envelope of loose gel surrounding a bacterial cell which is associated with the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. (nih.gov)
Many pathogenic bacteria encase themselves in a polysaccharide capsule that provides a barrier to the physical and immunological challenges of the host. (tcdb.org)

Pneumonia vaccine creation is challenging because pneumococci have a welter of different capsule types. (sciencedaily.com)
Reconsideration of the use of meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine. (ox.ac.uk)
In terms of mechanism, the bacterial part used in the vaccine does not produce a strong immune response alone. (medicaltrend.org)
Epidemiological studies of the patients and controls revealed that all who developed pneumonia had no documented record of vaccination with the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV). (nursingassignmentscare.com)
A pure polysaccharide vaccine was licensed for use in the United States in 1985 and was used until 1988. (cdc.gov)

Klebsiellae are nonmotile, rod-shaped, gram-negative bacteria[1] with a prominent polysaccharide capsule. (medscape.com)

During the 1950s, S aureus and E coli were the most common bacterial pathogens among neonates in the United States. (medscape.com)

Bacterial endospore are metabolically inactive and highly resistant structures that are produced by some bacteria to defend the unfavorable condition. (microbiologynotes.org)

Given the importance and growing interest in these highly diverse surface antigens, we had previously developed Kaptive, a tool for rapidly identifying and typing capsule (K) and outer LPS (O) loci from whole genome sequence data. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Dietary supplement ProbioBalance by Aliness® KIDS Balance contains 5 billion bacteria in each capsule. (aliness.co.uk)
Dietary supplement ProbioBalance Rhamnosus GG Balance contains 5 billion live bacteria in one capsule. (eliveragroup.com)
One capsule contains 5 billion coated with a double lipid layer of live bacteria. (eliveragroup.com)

Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein facilitates transfer of bacterial cell wall components to inflammatory cells. (medscape.com)

F' pilli help to transmit bacterial genetic material during bacterial mating. (foodtechnotes.com)

We also modified the pneumococcal capsule to produce several medically important mammalian glycans, as well as demonstrated the importance of regiochemistry in a glycosidic linkage on binding lung epithelial cells. (bvsalud.org)

The formula was enriched with plantain extract (acts as an auxiliary to the proper functioning of the intestine) and Fibregum ™ Bio LAW polysaccharide (prebiotic with low water activity, safe for bacteria, certified organic / Bio). (eliveragroup.com)

However, we retrieved capsule- and virulence-recovered S. suis after in vivo passages of a nonencapsulated strain in mice, suggesting that nonencapsulated S. suis are still potentially hazardous for persons in the swine industry. (cdc.gov)
Bacteriophages, which are specific for one bacterial strain and its capsule type, can evoke the lysis of bacterial cells, aided by polysaccharide depolymerase enzymes. (kovacstamas.com)
In the dietary supplement ProbioBalance Rhamnosus GG Balance, only one bacterial strain was used - Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103. (eliveragroup.com)

0.2%), lanceolate - plant extract (Plantago Lanceolata), Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103, bacterial coat: glycerol fatty acid esters, capsule shell (hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose). (eliveragroup.com)

Instead of just one, pneumococci have 97 different capsule serotypes, seven of them discovered by Nahm. (sciencedaily.com)

Host defense against bacterial invasion depends on phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear granulocytes and the bactericidal effect of serum, mediated in large part by complement proteins. (medscape.com)

2013). Wzi is an outer membrane lectin that underpins group 1 capsule assembly in Escherichia coli . (tcdb.org)
2003). A novel outer membrane protein, Wzi, is involved in surface assembly of the Escherichia coli K30 group 1 capsule. (tcdb.org)
Unnatural N-acetylhexosamine analogs were metabolically incorporated into the capsule polysaccharides of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis via bacterial metabolism. (icthuawei.com)

The capsule is composed of high molecular weight polysaccharides non-covalently attached to the bacterial surface. (iith.ac.in)
Attached to this core is a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide of one of UNC 2250 two clearly distinguishable types, generating two classes of LPS molecules (8, 9). (oscars2019info.com)

A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. (lookformedical.com)

citation needed] The modes of action by which antimicrobial peptides kill microbes are varied, and may differ for different bacterial species. (wikipedia.org)
To study and differentiate bacterial species from other negative cells using endospore staining technique. (microbiologynotes.org)
In our case we found that the alteration in the expression of glgS, which is only present in the group of enterobacteria ( , species of the Salmonella genus, Yersinia pestis, etc.), has an effect on the production of structures involved in bacterial pathogenicity which, indirectly, affects the capacity to produce glycol gen. (europa.eu)

For children aged 2-10 years with underlying diseases associated with increased risk of meningococcal disease, unconjugated meningococcal polysaccharide (MPS) vaccination is still recommended. (ox.ac.uk)

The O-LPS consists of a repeating unit of four sugars, i.e., rhamnose, glucose, galactose, and either glucosamine or galactosamine (10, 11), while a novel anionic polysaccharide (APS) component, which is made up of a phosphorylated branched mannan, is attached to the core in the A-LPS molecule (9). (oscars2019info.com)

Dr. Nahm's impressive work in immunology, polysaccharide chemistry, cell biology, vaccinology and many different areas can be described as nothing short of pioneering. (sciencedaily.com)

Temperate phages are capable of protecting their host from phage reinfection and may change the bacterial phenotype through the expression of viral genes, a process known as lysogenic conversion ( 1 ). (asm.org)
however, which genes synthesize the different surface polysaccharides is not clear. (oscars2019info.com)

Vectors for such colonization may include vascular or urinary catheters, other indwelling lines, or contact with caregivers who have bacterial colonization. (medscape.com)

They possess a polysaccharide capsule, which is the main determinant of their pathogenicity. (medscape.com)
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are another bacterial pathogenicity factor. (medscape.com)
In short, the research team has discovered that there is an inverse correlation between glycogen production and the production of structures involved in bacterial pathogenicity. (europa.eu)

AMPs can possess multiple activities including anti-gram-positive bacterial, anti-gram-negative bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-parasitic, and anti cancer activities. (wikipedia.org)

The capsule is composed of complex acidic polysaccharides. (medscape.com)
It is a method in which acidic and basic dyes are used for staining the background and bacterial cells respectively so that the capsule can be visualized easily. (microbiologynotes.org)
The main principal of Maneval's method is to stain the background using acidic solutions (congo red stain) and stain the bacterial cell using Maneval stain. (microbiologynotes.org)

Meningococcal classification is done according to the characteristics of the bacterial polysaccharide capsule, or by the sequence type (ST). Of the 12 identified capsular groups, groups B, C, W and Y are the most common in the UK (3,4). (healthcare-arena.co.uk)

and a protective capsule or shield made up of polysaccharides. (europa.eu)

The peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall produced by the bacterial division machinery is initially shared between the daughters and must be split to promote cell separation and complete division. (bvsalud.org)
o Some antibacterial drugs such as penicillin interfere with the production of peptidoglycan by binding to bacterial enzymes which make the crosslinks. (researchtweet.com)

In circumstances in which the creation of flagella and components of the capsule is boosted, the bacteria consume large quantities of energy to move as well as sugars, so they will not have sufficient raw material available to produce glycogen. (europa.eu)
And vice versa: in circumstances in which the creation of flagella, fimbriae and components of the capsule is repressed, the bacteria will lose their capacity to move and become adhered to surfaces, and the surplus of energy and sugar will be devoted to producing glycogen. (europa.eu)

Also it could change anti-bacterial lipids and prolong survival of MRSA in wound. (powershow.com)

A methylpentose whose L- isomer is found naturally in many plant glycosides and some gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides . (lookformedical.com)

Although loss of the capsule gives S. suis some benefit in causing endocarditis by enhancing the ability of bacterial cells to adhere to porcine and human platelets, a major virulence determinant for infective endocarditis ( 3 ), nonencapsulated S. suis are generally considered avirulent ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)

Most capsules consist of relatively simple polysaccharides but there are some bacteria whose capsules are made of polypeptides. (nih.gov)
Capsules are usually made of polysaccharides but some capsules are made of polypeptides too. (microbiologynotes.org)

A polysaccharide, or sometimes a polypeptide layer, surrounding bacterial cells peripheral to the cell wall. (innvista.com)
Plant, bacterial or fungal cell with the cell wall removed using either mechanical or enzymatic means. (researchtweet.com)
Petidoglycan-Used for osmotic stability so bacterial cell wall does not burst due to hypertonic states. (powershow.com)
Capsule is sticky in nature, appear as amorphous gelatinous area and is secreted from inner side of cell and gets firmly attached to the surface of cell wall. (foodtechnotes.com)
Serologic grouping is based on antigenic differences in cell wall carbohydrates, in cell wall pili-associated protein, and in the polysaccharide capsule in group B streptococci. (up.ac.za)

Anatomy3

Chemicals and Drugs3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Capsular polysaccharides5

Strains10

Streptococcus7

Vaccines13

Infection7

Cause of bacterial3

Infections6

Bacterium2

Antibodies2

Synthesis9

Haemophilus3

Phosphate2

Antigen3

Organism5

Virulence factor2

Extracellular2

Isolates3

Slime layer4

Pathogenic bacteria2

Vaccine5

Gram-negative1

Pathogens1

Unfavorable condition1

Antigens1

Contains 5 billion3

Lipopolysaccharide1

Genetic1

Pneumococcal capsule1

Prebiotic1

Strain3

Lactobacillus rhamnos1

Serotypes1

Phagocytosis1

Escherichia3

High molecular weight2

Biosynthesis1

Species3

Vaccination1

Anionic1

Immunology1

Genes2

Colonization1

Pathogenicity3

Possess1

Acidic3

Sequence1

Protective1

Peptidoglycan2

GLYCOGEN2

Survival1

Lipopolysaccharides1

Endocarditis1

Polypeptides2

Cell wall5