Pleura lung neoplasms. Medical search. Frequent questions

No fibrosis at all, and no pulmonary neoplasms were found in animals treated with short fiber dust. (chrysotile.ru)
Like the previous reports, this one includes data on malignant neoplasm of the pleura, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory conditions due to chemical fumes and vapors, and other work-related respiratory conditions, in addition to the pneumoconioses. (cdc.gov)
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy is a rare syndrome characterized by a triad that includes periostitis, digital clubbing, and painful arthropathy of the large joints, especially large joints in the lower limbs with lung cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Herein we describe a case of a giant cell carcinoma of the lung with hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy as a paraneoplastic syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthritis may occur as a secondary manifestation of lung malignancies. (biomedcentral.com)
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPOA) is a paraneoplastic syndrome that occurs in patients with lung cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Similar to the deer, the bison had variable-sized white caseous nodules on the visceral pleura, superficial lung parenchyma, and pulmonary lymph nodes. (cdc.gov)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of 3-dimensional PET/ CT image coregistration of pulmonary lesions in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (snmjournals.org)
CK5 is expressed in the basal epithelium of the lung and its overexpression is an indicator of malignant squamous differentiation in pulmonary lesions. (roche.com)
In addition, CK5 is expressed in mesothelial cells of the pulmonary pleura and is overexpressed in epithelioid malignant mesothelioma (MM). 6 CK5 is consistently absent in pulmonary ADC that confounds the diagnosis of epithelioid MM. 6,7 Thus, detection of CK5 with anti-Cytokeratin 5/6 (D5/16B4) antibody can be used to aid in the differential diagnosis of epithelioid MM from lung ADC. (roche.com)
He underwent an en bloc resection, and pathological findings concluded to a metastasis of a pulmonary combined small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. (hindawi.com)
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is an indolent, progressive growth of smooth muscle cells throughout the lungs, pulmonary blood vessels, lymphatics, and pleurae. (msdmanuals.com)
Among the several autologous fibrin sealant s (FS) available, TachoSil(®) (Takeda Austria GmbH, Linz, Austria ) stands out for its hemostatic and aerostatic properties, the latter being demonstrated even in high-risk patients after pulmonary resections for primary lung cancers. (neurosurgery.directory)
These arteries (except the thyroid artery) form a peribronchial plexus that follows the bronchial tree deep into the lung parenchyma to supply blood also to the visceral pleura and the walls of the pulmonary arteries and veins (vasa vasorum). (medscape.com)
The visceral pleura is supplied with blood from bronchial artery and from the pulmonary artery which divides into a net work of very delicate capillaries . (wikidoc.org)
The visceral pleura are devoid of lacunas and stomas and the underlying lymphatic vessels appear to drain the pulmonary parenchyma rather than the pleural space . (wikidoc.org)

The classic description of malignant pleural mesothelioma is a thickening in the pleural space with encasement of the lung by a rindlike visceral pleura. (medscape.com)
Histological examination revealed a combined lung tumor appearance with a predominant component (80%) consisting of a small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma associated with a solid adenocarcinomatous component, with massive infiltration of the lung, rupture of the visceral pleura, and extension to parietal fat tissue but with free surgical margin at this level and without sarcomatoid component. (hindawi.com)
Visceral pleural invasion remains unchanged, and mediastinal pleura invasion, which is seldom used, disappears as a T descriptor. (elsevierpure.com)
The lungs are surrounded by two membranes , the outer parietal pleura is attached to the chest wall and the inner visceral pleura is attached to the lung . (wikidoc.org)
The visceral pleura covers the surface of lungs, including the interlobar fissures. (wikidoc.org)
The lymphatic drainage of parietal and visceral pleura differs from each other. (wikidoc.org)
[2] Its microvessels are closer to the pleural surface and perfusion pressure is likely higher than the visceral pleura . (wikidoc.org)
Normally, fluid enters the pleural space from the capillaries in the parietal pleura , from interstitial spaces of the lung via the visceral pleura , or from the peritoneal cavity through small holes in the diaphragm . (wikidoc.org)
This fluid is normally removed by lymphatics in the visceral pleura, which have the capacity to absorb 20 times more fluid than is normally formed. (wikidoc.org)

Although it is common in the lung cancer literature to refer to histologically mixed tumors containing significant numbers of malignant giant cells as "giant-cell carcinomas", technically a diagnosis of "giant-cell carcinoma" should be limited strictly to neoplasms containing only malignant giant cells (i.e. "pure" giant-cell carcinoma). (wikipedia.org)
About 1% of lung cancers are sarcomas, germ cell tumors, and hematopoietic tumors, while 99% of lung cancers are carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
Needle biopsy of the lungs relies on biplanar fluoroscopic visual control to locate peripheral tumors before withdrawing a tissue specimen for analysis. (family-health-information.com)
Twenty-five percent of all lung tumors belong to the group of neuroendocrine tumors [ 2 ] including typical carcinoid (TC) and atypical carcinoid (AC), large-cell neuroendocrine cancer (LCNEC), and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). (oncotarget.com)
For example, with stomach cancer, lung cancer, cancer of the colon and small intestine, ovarian cancer, mucinous tumors of the appendix, mesothelioma of the peritoneum or pleura, pancreatic cancer, sarcoma of the abdominal cavity (sarcomatosis). (nmicr.ru)
While most tumors metastatic to the serous membranes are of epithelial origin, cytologists should be aware that non-epithelial neoplasms can also cause malignant effusions including sarcomas, melanomas, germ cell tumors, and, more rarely, brain tumors. (cytojournal.com)
Common non-epithelial neoplasms that may cause malignant effusions include malignant melanoma, sarcomas, and other neoplasms including germ cell tumors [ Figure 1 ]. (cytojournal.com)
Most tumors originate from either the PLEURA or PERITONEUM, tumors may also originate in the PERICARDIUM or testicular tissue. (bvsalud.org)

It is well documented that exposure to asbestos is strongly associated with malignant and nonmalignant respiratory diseases, including asbestosis, mesothelioma, and lung cancer, and to a lesser extent, with digestive cancers (ATSDR 2001). (cdc.gov)
In patients with lung cancer, malignant pleural effusion raises the cancer to stage 4. (medscape.com)
Giant-cell carcinoma of the lung (GCCL) is a rare histological form of large-cell lung carcinoma, a subtype of undifferentiated lung cancer, traditionally classified within the non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). (wikipedia.org)
The most common category of nonmesotheliomatous cancer to involve the pleura is represented by extrapleural primary malignancies that secondarily involve the pleura via metastatic spread. (medscape.com)
[ 5 ] An earlier report, in 1956, by Babolini and Blasi, described the same clinicopathological entity using the nomenclature, "The pleural form of primary cancer of the lung. (medscape.com)
Lung cancer is a cancer of the lungs characterized by the presence of malignant tumours. (family-health-information.com)
Lung cancer is the most lethal of cancers worldwide, causing up to 3 million deaths annually. (family-health-information.com)
There are many types of lung cancer, but most can be categorized into two basic types, 'small cell' and 'non-small cell. (family-health-information.com)
Small cell lung cancer is generally faster growing than non-small cell, but more likely to respond to chemotherapy. (family-health-information.com)
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, among both men and women. (family-health-information.com)
The exact cause of lung cancer remains unclear. (family-health-information.com)
But tobacco smoke is the primary cause of lung cancer. (family-health-information.com)
Although nonsmokers can get lung cancer, the risk is about 10 times greater for smokers and is also increased by the number of cigarettes smoked per day. (family-health-information.com)
However, very few patients with small cell lung cancer are candidates for surgery. (family-health-information.com)
The best known way to prevent lung cancer is to not smoke. (family-health-information.com)
Does Tumor FDG-PET Avidity Represent Enhanced Glycolytic Metabolism in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer? (elsevierpure.com)
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Staging: Where Are We Heading? (radiogyan.com)
Lung cancer is usually suspected in individuals who have an abnormal chest radiograph or have symptoms caused by either local or systemic effects of the tumor. (nih.gov)
The method of diagnosis of lung cancer depends on the type of lung cancer (small cell lung cancer or non-small cell lung cancer [NSCLC]), the size and location of the primary tumor, the presence of metastasis, and the overall clinical status of the patient. (nih.gov)
The objective of this study was to determine the test performance characteristics of various modalities for the diagnosis of suspected lung cancer. (nih.gov)
Recommendations were developed by the writing committee, graded by a standardized method (see the article "Methodology for Development of Guidelines for Lung Cancer" in this guideline), and reviewed by all members of the Lung Cancer Guideline Panel prior to approval by the Thoracic Oncology NetWork, the Guidelines Oversight Committee, and the Board of Regents of the American College of Chest Physicians. (nih.gov)
However, the sensitivity of sputum cytology varies according to the location of the lung cancer. (nih.gov)
R-EBUS and EMN are emerging technologies for the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer, with diagnostic yields of 73% and 71%, respectively. (nih.gov)
The physician performing diagnostic procedures on a patient suspected of having lung cancer must ensure that adequate tissue is acquired to perform accurate histologic and molecular characterization of NSCLCs. (nih.gov)
Thoracoscopic biopsy of the pleura has the highest diagnostic yield for diagnosis of metastatic pleural effusion in a patient with lung cancer. (nih.gov)
The histologic diagnosis of a bronchoscopic biopsy was an undifferentiated carcinoma, and the clinical diagnosis was non-small cell lung cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Giant cell cancer of the lung (GCCL) has been reported as a relatively rare malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Accordingly, the patient was screened for malignant disease and a mass suspected to be lung cancer was detected, which led to a referral to our general thoracic surgery department. (biomedcentral.com)
This is a type of cancer that has spread from another organ to the pleura. (medlineplus.gov)
non-small cell lung cancer is found at 80.4% of all malignant neoplasms of the lung. (doclandmed.com)
non-small cell lung cancer Manifests itself mainly in the later stages. (doclandmed.com)
cancer of the lung is a resection of pathologically altered tissue, combined with chemo - or radiotherapy. (doclandmed.com)
25% of all lung cancer cases are neuroendocrine (NELC) including typical (TC) and atypical carcinoid (AC), large-cell neuroendocrine (LCNEC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). (oncotarget.com)
Lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide with a poor five-year survival of approximately 15% [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
1,3 Malignant squamous differentiation is characteristic of the squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (roche.com)
Background and Study Aims: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a minimally invasive and highly accurate method of detecting mediastinal lymph-node metastases in gastrointestinal and lung cancer. (elsevierpure.com)
However, intussusception due to a jejunal metastasis of combined lung cancer is extremely rare [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Indeed, lung cancer metastasis to the bowel is uncommon, reported in less than 1% of patients [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Assessment of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutational status has become crucial in recent years in the molecular classification of patients with lung cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
Incidence rates in the general population are closely associated with the incidence of tobacco smoking, as the majority of lung cancer cases are linked to this single risk factor ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
As a consequence of the multiple campaigns adopted in previous decades against smoking in the majority of Western countries, a decrease in the incidence of lung cancer was registered in males from ~78 novel cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year between 1992-1998 to ~67/100,000 between 2005-2010 ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The world standardised incidence rates of lung cancer were augmented by 22% among females and decreased by 3% among males in the period between 1985 and 2002 ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Considering the current smoking trends, it is calculated that by 2030, lung cancer may affect females and males equally ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Despite recent developments in the diagnosis, clinical management and medical and surgical therapy of lung cancer, mortality rates remain high. (spandidos-publications.com)
The revision for the eighth edition of the tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) classification of lung cancer was based on analyses of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer database, which included 77,156 evaluable patients diagnosed with lung cancer from 1999 to 2010. (elsevierpure.com)
This revision enhances our capacity for prognostication and will have an important impact in the management of patients with lung cancer and in future research. (elsevierpure.com)

EUS with FNA may avoid the need for mediastinoscopy or other more invasive techniques for staging of these neoplasms. (elsevierpure.com)

By definition, pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma refers to an epithelial neoplasm that secondarily involves the pleura and encases the lung, thereby simulating the radiologic and macroscopic appearance of malignant mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
Diagnosing non-epithelial malignancies in effusion specimens based entirely upon their cytomorphologic features is difficult because these neoplasms often exhibit considerable morphological overlap and their cytomorphology can differ from the original tumor. (cytojournal.com)
As malignant cells have a tendency to round up in body fluids these non-epithelial neoplasms can therefore mimic reactive mesothelial cells and metastatic adenocarcinoma. (cytojournal.com)
4 Malignant effusions caused by non-epithelial neoplasms are more frequently encountered in children than in adults. (cytojournal.com)

Aside from the great heterogeneity seen in lung cancers (especially those occurring among tobacco smokers), the considerable variability in diagnostic and sampling techniques used in medical practice, the high relative proportion of individuals with suspected GCCL who do not undergo complete surgical resection, and the near-universal lack of complete sectioning and pathological examination of resected tumor specimens prevent high levels of quantitative accuracy. (wikipedia.org)
The test is most often done to rule out mesothelioma , a type of lung tumor. (medlineplus.gov)
CT scan image of the right lung tumor (red arrow) extending to the three lobes with interbronchial lymph nodes. (hindawi.com)

For several decades, primary lung cancers were consistently dichotomously classified for treatment and research purposes into small-cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs) and non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), based on an oversimplified approach that is now clearly outmoded. (wikipedia.org)
These variants are increasingly appreciated as having different genetic, biological, and clinical properties, including prognoses and responses to treatment regimens, and therefore, that correct and consistent histological classification of lung cancers are necessary to validate and implement optimum management strategies. (wikipedia.org)
The current rules for classifying lung cancers under WHO-2004, while useful and improved, remain to some extent fairly complex, ambiguous, arbitrary, and incomplete. (wikipedia.org)
This group of lethal neoplasms make up approximately 85% of all lung cancers. (wikipedia.org)
Nonmesotheliomatous cancers of the pleura include an assortment of malignant neoplasms that primarily or secondarily involve pleura. (medscape.com)
R-EBUS and EMN bronchoscopy show potential for increasing the diagnostic yield of FB for peripheral lung cancers. (nih.gov)
However, the use of TachoSil(®) to control diffuse bleeding following major resections for advanced lung cancers, with the requirement of the chest wall and vertebral body resection for oncological radicality, was never published so far. (neurosurgery.directory)

[ 3 , 4 ] The term "pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma" was first applied by Harwood and colleagues in 1976 to 6 cases of peripheral lung adenocarcinoma that closely mimicked mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
Crocidolite and amosite lung contents were strongly associated with asbestosis and with mesothelioma, whereas no such correlation was evident with chrysotile and mullite. (chrysotile.ru)
Malignancies involving mesothelial cells that normally line the body cavities, including the pleura (see the images below), peritoneum, pericardium, and testis, are known as malignant mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
Primary sites for malignant mesothelioma include the pleura (87%), the peritoneum (5.1%), the pericardium (0.4%), and the right side of the thorax (more so than the left side, by a right-to-left ratio of 1.6:1). (medscape.com)

Presents data on specific occupational lung diseases or conditions, summarizing mortality & morbidity data, & other available data such as occupational exposures or numbers of workers at risk. (dianepublishing.net)
Overview of Interstitial Lung Disease Interstitial lung diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by alveolar septal thickening, fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, and, if the process remains unchecked. (msdmanuals.com)

Postmortem examination revealed nonuniform, multifocal, coalescing pale-yellow nodules embedded in the parenchyma of the lungs with caseated yellowish-white material and enlarged liver and mesenteric lymph nodes with surface nodules. (cdc.gov)
It is characterized by proliferation of atypical smooth muscle cells throughout the chest, including lung parenchyma, vasculature, lymphatics, and pleurae, leading to distortion of lung architecture, cystic emphysema, and progressive deterioration of lung function. (msdmanuals.com)
Lung anatomy includes the lung parenchyma, which carries part of the conduction system but is mainly involved in the gas exchange at the alveolar level. (medscape.com)
The lung parenchyma is further subdivided into lobes and segments. (medscape.com)

A 45-mm mass-like shadow was present on the right upper-to-middle lung field on the chest x-ray, which was confirmed to be a mass in the upper lobe of the right lung on the chest CT scan. (biomedcentral.com)
The incidental mass shadow was noted in the right upper-middle lung field on the chest X-ray (Fig. 3 ). (biomedcentral.com)
It is also done when there is fluid in the chest cavity, or when a direct view of the pleura and the lungs is needed. (medlineplus.gov)
Lung, chest wall, pleura and mediastinum. (medlineplus.gov)
In the later stages when the pathological process involved bronchi and pleura, there is unproductive hacking cough, hemoptysis, rapid weight loss, chest pain, persistent low-grade fever, shortness of breath, loss of appetite. (doclandmed.com)
Diagnosis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis is suspected in young women with dyspnea plus interstitial changes with normal or increased lung volumes on chest x-ray, spontaneous pneumothorax, or chylous effusion. (msdmanuals.com)
It also provides the surface tension that keeps the lung surface in contact with the chest wall. (wikidoc.org)
During quiet breathing, the cavity normally experiences a negative pressure (compared to the atmosphere) which helps to adhere the lungs to the chest wall, so that movements of the chest wall during breathing are coupled closely to movements of the lungs. (wikidoc.org)

[2] The parietal pleura have lymphatic stomata , of 2 to 10 µm in diameter that open onto the pleural space . (wikidoc.org)
[4] The mesothelial surface of parietal pleura is permeated by stomas that connect via lacunae to a lymphatic network in the adjacent submesothelial layers. (wikidoc.org)
Costal surface of the parietal pleura drains to parasternal and para vertebral nodes, while diaphragmatic surface drains to the tracheobronchial nodes. (wikidoc.org)
The parietal pleura has been proposed as the more important pleura for pleural liquid turnover in the normal physiologic state in absence of disease. (wikidoc.org)

cervical pleura, and mediastinal pleura. (wikidoc.org)

A study among naval dockyard workers showing increasing amounts of amphiboles in lung tissue and increasing severity of asbestosis, but no increase of chrysotile. (chrysotile.ru)

Synovial sarcoma is a malignant soft-tissue neoplasm that most commonly affects the extremities near to, but not in continuity with, large joints. (medscape.com)

The pleural fluid lubricates the [[pleura]l surfaces and allows the layers of pleura to slide against each other easily during respiration . (wikidoc.org)

The pathologic diagnosis was a giant cell lung carcinoma, which was classified as p-T3 (52 mm in diameter) N0M0, stageIIB. (biomedcentral.com)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of image coregistration of PET and CT (PET/CT) images in patients with lung lesions and the influence of the breathing protocol during CT. (snmjournals.org)
The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of tissue type and content of neoplastic cells in the specimen on the quality of EGFR mutation analysis among patients with lung adenocarcinoma. (spandidos-publications.com)

A right upper lobectomy with an S6 partial resection adjacent to the upper lobe of the right lung and an ND2a-2 lymph node dissection was performed. (biomedcentral.com)
The right lung comprises 10 segments: 3 in the right upper lobe (apical, anterior and medial), 2 in the right middle lobe (medial and lateral), and 5 in the right lower lobe (superior, medial, anterior, lateral, and posterior). (medscape.com)

Tissue biopsy of metastatic sites (including supraclavicular and mediastinal nodes and pleura) helps to assess disease extent. (family-health-information.com)

We report herein an uncommon combination of a GCCL and HPOA, which were successfully treated by lung resection. (biomedcentral.com)

All lesions were classified according to 4 lung regions: apical, peripheral, central, and lung base. (snmjournals.org)
Post hoc analysis showed a significant difference between the upper 2 regions and the lower 2 regions (all P ≤ 0.002) but not between the apex and the central region ( P = 0.95) and between the peripheral region and the lung base ( P = 0.15). (snmjournals.org)

SFTs of the pleura are localized mesenchymal neoplasms composed of fibroblastlike cells believed to arise from the subpleural connective tissue. (medscape.com)
Yes, there is an overwhelming body of evidence based on epidemiological studies on clinical findings, and on lung tissue mineral analysis in humans showing a definite difference in potency between chrysotile and amphiboles. (chrysotile.ru)
The results of analyzing mineral contents of lung tissue show large residual amounts of amphibole fibers. (chrysotile.ru)
These gross specimens are from an autopsy lung case with diffuse thickening of the pleura causing compression of the underlying lung tissue. (medscape.com)
This tissue is called the pleura. (medlineplus.gov)
Language": "en", "Country": "XG", "Code": "Storage Conditions (Product)" }, { "Name": "Intended Use", "Value": "Anti-Cytokeratin 5/6 (D5/16B4) Mouse Monoclonal Primary Antibody is intended for laboratory use in the qualitative immunohistochemical detection of cytokeratin 5 by light microscopy in sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue stained on a BenchMark IHC/ISH instrument. (roche.com)
A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. (lookformedical.com)

We report 3 cases of M. orygis -associated TB in wild animals from among 85 unexplained deaths screened as part of disease investigations during February 2016-March 2020, which also revealed cases of suppurative bronchopneumonia (n = 32), TB caused by M. tuberculosis or M. bovis (n = 29), verminous pneumonia (n = 9), fungal granulomas (n = 6), and neoplasms (n = 6). (cdc.gov)

Most often it develops in malignant neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system and female reproductive organs. (nmicr.ru)

Eight major taxa of lung carcinomas are recognized within the WHO-2004 classification: Small-cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Large-cell carcinoma Adenosquamous carcinoma Sarcomatoid carcinoma Carcinoid Salivary gland-like carcinoma The subclassification of GCCL among these major taxa has undergone significant changes in recent decades. (wikipedia.org)

The match of lung lesions in coregistered PET/CT images is better when acquiring the CT scan during normal expiration. (snmjournals.org)
A total of 456 samples (88.5%) were observed from primary lung adenocarcinomas, while 59 (11.5%) were from metastatic lesions. (spandidos-publications.com)

Overlapping lung and pleural involvement in individual cases has given rise to the more inclusive term "pleuropulmonary" synovial sarcoma. (medscape.com)

Language": "en", "Country": "XG", "Code": "Content" }, { "Name": "Background Information", "Value": "Anti-Cytokeratin 5/6 (D5/16B4) Mouse Monoclonal Primary Antibody (anti-Cytokeratin 5/6 (D5/16B4) antibody) is a mouse monoclonal antibody raised for the detection of cytokeratin (CK) 5. (roche.com)

The anatomy of the respiratory system can be divided into 2 major parts, airway anatomy and lung anatomy. (medscape.com)

13-15 The detection of CK5 in breast MECs with anti-Cytokeratin 5/6 (D5/16B4) antibody may be used to aid in distinguishing non-invasive from invasive breast neoplasms. (roche.com)

To investigate the causative agent, tissues from the lungs, liver, and lymph nodes were collected on ice and 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed for histopathology, Ziehl-Neelsen staining, and culture isolation. (cdc.gov)
A subsequent thoracic CT scan was performed to complete the extension report, which showed a polylobed mass extending to the three lobes of the right lung measuring 6 cm, with right interbronchial lymph nodes (Figure 2 ). (hindawi.com)

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