• Recent evidence suggests that MMP activity may facilitate atherosclerosis, plaque destabilization, and platelet aggregation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Conclusions: These data show that osteomodulin mRNA and protein levels are associated with plaque calcification in human atherosclerosis. (lu.se)
  • Endothelial dysfunction is one of the earliest stages in hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), which occurs when plaques build up in the arterial walls. (olives101.com)
  • Immunoactivation and atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis the procedure leading to development of atherosclerotic plaques may be the major reason behind various cardiovascular illnesses. (biopaqc.com)
  • Evidence gathered over a lot more than 150 years works with the idea that activation from the immune system has a major function in atherosclerosis (analyzed in10-12). (biopaqc.com)
  • 7][8][9] Notably, this attractive black-and-white concept of T H 1 and T H 2 responses controlling the development of atherosclerosis may not be true at all stages of plaque development. (researchgate.net)
  • The previous study found that many cytokines, including IL-1, IL-12, and IL-18, were consistently proatherogenic and were thought to be the primary causes of atherosclerosis. (researchgate.net)
  • The term atherosclerosis is derived from the Greek "athero," meaning gruel, or wax, corresponding to the necrotic core area at the base of the atherosclerotic plaque, and "sclerosis" for hardening, or induration, referring to the fibrous cap of the plaque's luminal edge. (medscape.com)
  • The etiology of atherosclerosis is unknown, but there are multiple factors that contribute to atherosclerotic plaque progression. (medscape.com)
  • Serum levels and polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in carotid artery atherosclerosis: higher MMP-9 levels are associated with plaque vulnerability. (cdc.gov)
  • Atherosclerosis is characterized by patchy intimal plaques (atheromas) that encroach on the lumen of medium-sized and large arteries. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Since gaining his PhD in 2005, Professor Johnson's research has underpinned the dogma that not all matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play detrimental roles in atherosclerotic plaque progression. (eas-society.org)
  • Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent proteinases that are capable of cleaving all extra cellular matrix (ECM) substrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It might have an important polymorphic association at the promoter regions of several MMPs such as MMP-1 (-1607 1G/2G), MMP-2 (-1306 C/T), MMP-3 (-1171 5A/6A), MMP-9 (-1562 C/T) and TIMP-2 (-418 G/C or C/C). Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are naturally occurring inhibitors of MMPs, which inhibit the activity of MMPs and control the breakdown of ECM. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tissue inhibitors of matrix metallo-proteinases (TIMPs) are known to have the ability to inhibit the catalytic activity of MMPs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Turpeenniemi-Hujanen et al suggested that the expressions of matrix expression of MMPs as well as their tissue inhibitors the TIMPs are associated with the clinical behaviour in head and neck malignancy [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-1 and MMP-9, have been implicated in plaque rupture. (edu.au)
  • It has been suggested that inhibition of MMPs may stabilize vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques and improve clinical outcome. (edu.au)
  • Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc metallo-endopeptidases secreted by cells and are responsible for much of the turnover of matrix components. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Several studies have shown that MMPs are involved in all stages of the atherosclerotic process, from the initial lesion to plaque rupture. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Examples of such proteins are osteopontin (OPN), osteoprotegerin (OPG), metalloproteinases (MMPs) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). (mdpi.com)
  • The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of structurally and functionally related endoproteinases that are collectively capable of degrading most of the components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) 1, 2 . (periobasics.com)
  • The generic structure of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). (periobasics.com)
  • Another type of MMPs are called as the MT-MMPs (Membrane Type Matrix Metalloproteinases) that are localized to the cell surface. (periobasics.com)
  • Identifying factors of plaque stability is necessary to design drugs to prevent plaque rupture and symptoms. (lu.se)
  • The development of plaque and its rupture are hallmarks of atherosclerotic vascular disease. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Atherosclerotic plaque rupture with thrombosis is the pathologic mechanism responsible for the majority of acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) and sudden coronary death (SCD). (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] The hypothesized precursor lesion associated with plaque rupture has been termed "thin cap fibroatheroma" (TCFA), also known as "vulnerable plaque. (medscape.com)
  • In this brief article, we will discuss the pathology of coronary thrombosis, with emphasis on plaque rupture and its hypothesized precursor lesion, the thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA). (medscape.com)
  • Sudden luminal thrombosis may arise from three different plaque morphologies: plaque rupture, erosion, and calcified nodule. (medscape.com)
  • Of these three, plaque rupture is the most frequent, accounting for 60-75% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • Plaque rupture is defined as a lesion consisting of a lipid-rich necrotic core with an overlying thin, ruptured, fibrous cap heavily infiltrated by macrophages and T lymphocytes (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Although the precise mechanisms of plaque rupture are poorly understood, most researchers agree that disruption of a fibrous cap rich in macrophages and T lymphocytes in addition to the necrotic core coming in contact with circulating blood are events that lead to the development of thrombi in fatal plaques. (medscape.com)
  • Gross photograph and composition of plaque rupture. (medscape.com)
  • A: Gross photograph of a coronary artery cut in cross-section showing the site of a plaque rupture (arrow) with an underlying necrotic core (NC) and luminal thrombus (Th). (medscape.com)
  • The incidence of plaque rupture varies with each decade of life, and the highest incidence of rupture is seen in the 40s in men, whereas in women the incidence increases beyond age 50 years. (medscape.com)
  • Some plaques remain quiescent and stable for years and others become unstable and vulnerable, ultimately leading to plaque rupture. (nature.com)
  • The aim of our study is to compare the concentrations of the above-mentioned markers in the plasma of patients with the confirmed presence of rupture plaque in comparison with the plasma of healthy people. (mdpi.com)
  • Macrophages secrete matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), an enzyme that weakens the fibrous cap of atherosclerotic plaques, predisposing them to plaque rupture and subsequent ischemic events. (neuroprobe.com)
  • A modified version of the AHA classification was developed by our laboratory to include important pathologic lesions responsible for luminal thrombosis other than plaque rupture, such as plaque erosion and calcified nodule. (medscape.com)
  • Further work has also identified a novel node of microRNA regulation within GM-CSF macrophages, highlighting several potential new therapeutic avenues, including miR-181b inhibition and the selective inhibition of MMP-12. (eas-society.org)
  • It is now believed that circulating monocytes as well as plaque macrophages support the development of acute thrombi in unstable coronary plaques. (medscape.com)
  • Defense cells specifically T lymphocytes and macrophages but also B lymphocytes dendritic cells and mast cells are located in large amounts in atherosclerotic plaques. (biopaqc.com)
  • In plaques both T cells and macrophages are turned on and make pro-inflammatory cytokines such as for example interferon gamma and tumor necrosis aspect aswell as several extra-cellular vesicles13 that can also donate to cell activation and facilitate cytokine discharge. (biopaqc.com)
  • matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-22 and -29 and pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL18) are present in human hearts. (zju.edu.cn)
  • Therefore, changing the actual composition of plaque from an inflammatory cytokine-rich environment to a more benign environment dominated by neutral or even helpful organisms can contribute to overall systemic health. (bvsalud.org)
  • For example, the secreted cytokines of type 1 CD4þ T-helper cells (T H 1 cells) such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12, IFN-g, TNF-a and TNF-b are pro-inflammatory and exacerbate atherosclerotic disease, whereas T H 2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 are considered to be mainly atheroprotective and can counteract T H 1 cytokine activity/production. (researchgate.net)
  • La VD, Tanabe S, Bergeron C, Gafner S, Grenier D. Modulation of matrix metalloproteinase and cytokine production by licorice isolates licoricidin and licorisoflavan A: potential therapeutic approach for periodontitis. (ac.ir)
  • OPUS at UTS: Prospective, randomized, double-blind trial investigating the effect of doxycycline on matrix metalloproteinase expression within atherosclerotic carotid plaques. (edu.au)
  • During endarterectomy, carotid plaques were retrieved. (edu.au)
  • Administration of doxycycline significantly reduced the concentration of MMP-1 in carotid plaques from a mean of 14.8 to 10.3 ng/100g wet weight (P=0.038). (edu.au)
  • In the present study, we analyzed osteomodulin expression in human carotid plaques, its link with plaque phenotype, calcification, and future cardiovascular events. (lu.se)
  • n=82) was determined by RNA sequencing and osteomodulin protein levels by immunohistochemistry (n=45) in carotid plaques obtained by endarterectomy from patients. (lu.se)
  • n=82) was determined by RNA sequencing and osteomodulin protein levels by immunohistochemistry (n=45) in carotid plaques obtained by endarterectomy from patients with or without cerebrovascular symptoms from the CPIP (Carotid Plaque Imaging Project) cohort, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden. (lu.se)
  • Here we show that near-infrared autofluorescence is associated with the presence of intraplaque hemorrhage and heme degradation products, particularly bilirubin by using our recently created mouse model, which uniquely reflects plaque instability as seen in humans, and human carotid endarterectomy samples. (nature.com)
  • Significant efforts have been made to characterize and risk stratify carotid and coronary atherosclerotic plaques using various imaging technologies. (nature.com)
  • Assessment of the genetic effects of polymorphisms in the osteoprotegerin gene, TNFRSF11B, on serum osteoprotegerin levels and carotid plaque vulnerability. (cdc.gov)
  • Macrophage infiltration and smooth muscle cells content associated with haptoglobin genotype in human atherosclerotic carotid plaques. (cdc.gov)
  • Association of haptoglobin genotype and common cardiovascular risk factors with the amount of iron in atherosclerotic carotid plaques. (cdc.gov)
  • Matrix metalloproteinase-1 promoter genotypes and haplotypes are associated with carotid plaque presence. (cdc.gov)
  • The sex-specific association of Met62Ile gene polymorphism in P-selectin glycoprotein ligand (PSGL-1) with carotid plaque presence: preliminary study. (cdc.gov)
  • Probing depths (PDs), bleeding on probing (BOP), modified gingival (mucosal) bleeding index (GBI) around implants, and full-mouth Plaque Control Record (PCR) were measured every 3 months. (orfoundation.org)
  • Clinical attachment levels (CALs) and height of keratinized mucosa (KM)/gingival margins (GMs) for implants/teeth and PD, BOP, and GBI for teeth were documented at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. (orfoundation.org)
  • Acellular dermal matrix and coronally advanced flap or tunnel technique in the treatment of multiple adjacent gingival recessions. (orfoundation.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Adequate plaque control facilitates good gingival and periodontal health, prevents tooth decay, and preserves oral health. (bvsalud.org)
  • Farhad SZ, Aminzadeh A, Mafi M, Barekatain M, Naghney M, Ghafari MR. The effect of adjunctive low-dose doxycycline and licorice therapy on gingival crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels in chronic periodontitis. (ac.ir)
  • 6]. The extent of plaque, scales, inflammation and bleeding of gingival, depth of periodontal pockets, and the extent of alveolar bone loss have also been examined in such studies [7]. (bvsalud.org)
  • Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. (antibodies-online.com)
  • The process of atherosclerotic plaque formation and its destabilisation is a process in which many proteins and cytokines are involved. (mdpi.com)
  • A Disintegrin and Metalloproteases (ADAM), originally named metalloproteinases disintegrin cystein-rich (MDC), are membrane-anchored cell surface proteins containing both disintegrin and metalloproteinase domains. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the heart, matrix metalloproteinases participate in vascular remodeling, plaque instability, and ventricular remodelling after cardiac injury. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 2,6 More refined analysis of local vascular inflammation and the cytokines expressed in atherosclerotic plaques revealed that there is a balance between pro-inflammatory and anti- inflammatory cytokines and that this balance is crucial for lesion development ( Figure 2A). (researchgate.net)
  • The mRNA and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in Tβ4-treated RP cells was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It is now well-established that from early lesion to vulnerable plaque formation, numerous cellular and molecular inflammatory components participate in the disease process. (researchgate.net)
  • Nutricol reinforces membrane and matrix structures (halts damage that initiates inflammatory and spasmodic reactions). (life-enthusiast.com)
  • Degradation of matrix is a key event in progression, invasion and metastasis of potentially malignant and malignant lesions of the head and neck. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the mid 1990s the terminology used to define atheromatous plaques was refined by the American Heart Association (AHA) Consensus Group headed by Dr. Stary. (medscape.com)
  • It is influenced by angiogenesis, cell-cell and cell-extra cellular matrix (ECM) interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutants of RANTES/CCL5 may also represent an innovative approach to prevent the angiogenesis associated with the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. (hal.science)
  • Fluorescence emission computed tomography detecting near-infrared autofluorescence allows in vivo monitoring of intraplaque hemorrhage, establishing a preclinical technology to assess and monitor plaque instability and thereby test potential plaque-stabilizing drugs. (nature.com)
  • We suggest that near-infrared autofluorescence imaging is a novel technology that allows identification of atherosclerotic plaques with intraplaque hemorrhage and ultimately holds promise for detection of high-risk plaques in patients. (nature.com)
  • In contrast, our study demonstrates that autofluorescence in the NIR range uniquely characterizes atherosclerotic plaques with intraplaque hemorrhage and may allow classification of atherosclerotic plaques into lesions of low or high risk for future cardiovascular events. (nature.com)
  • Besides establishing fluorescence emission tomography (FLECT) as a preclinical tool for the detection of plaques with intraplaque hemorrhage and its potential use in testing and monitoring of plaque-stabilizing drugs, our report has the potential to support technical developments for imaging technologies that will ultimately allow to risk stratify atherosclerotic plaques in patients and, in particular, to identify plaques that are prone to cause cardiovascular events. (nature.com)
  • The earliest pathologic descriptions of atherosclerotic lesions focused on morphologies of fatty streaks to fibroatheromas (FAs) and advanced plaques complicated by hemorrhage, calcification, ulceration, and thrombosis. (medscape.com)
  • and type VI, complicated plaques with surface defects, and/or hematoma-hemorrhage, and/or thrombosis. (medscape.com)
  • Despite the relatively rapid wound healing, however, tissues damaged during periodontal and implant surgery are continuously challenged by bacterial infection in the oral cavity, necessitating meticulous maintenance of oral hygiene and additional plaque control. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A 12-year follow-up from a randomized clinical trial. (orfoundation.org)
  • Carranza's clinical periodontology.11 th ed.St Louis:Elsevier,2012:(12-26) (58-80) (84-103) (129-131) (281-282). (ac.ir)
  • We have previously developed a mouse model that exhibits unstable plaques as seen in humans 16 . (nature.com)
  • The study included people suffering from dyslipidemia in whom the presence of unstable atherosclerotic plaque was confirmed by ultrasound. (mdpi.com)
  • coronary heart disease (CHD) is characterized by arterial wall inflammation and matrix degradation. (zju.edu.cn)
  • Exhibits multiple mechanisms of action: matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) inhibition, VEGF receptor binding inhibition, induction of endothelial cell apoptosis, and increased tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) production. (drugfuture.com)
  • Matrix metalloproteinases in acute coronary syndromes: current perspectives. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In approximately 50-60% of sudden coronary death cases, the culprit lesion exhibits an acute coronary thrombus, whereas the remainder of these cases include stable coronary plaques with greater than 75% cross-sectional area luminal narrowing. (medscape.com)
  • Probiotics have proven to be effective in the treatment of several systemic and infectious diseases such as acute diarrhoea, Crohn's disease, cancer, immunodepressive states, inadequate lactase digestion, hyperlipidemia, liver diseases, infections with Helicobacter pylori, genitourinary tract infections and others 12 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Degeneration of matrix is a key event in invasion and metastasis of malignant lesions of the head and neck. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although plaque T cells are blood-borne in plaques these are much more turned on than in bloodstream14 indicating Tulobuterol the current presence of regional antigens Tulobuterol as can be evident in the clonal extension in the first lesions of apolipoprotein E -KO mice15. (biopaqc.com)
  • The onset of symptoms and life-threatening complications therefore depend not only on the severity of narrowing in stable chronic anatomic disease but also on critical dynamic morphologicchanges in coronary plaque in the arterial wall. (medscape.com)
  • The development of a method to reliably identify high-risk atherosclerotic plaques is seen as one of the major quests of contemporary cardiovascular medicine. (nature.com)
  • Investigators continue to pursue the use of newer imaging techniques (eg, molecular imaging) in an attempt to noninvasively and earlier identify vulnerable plaques from their stable or quiescent counterparts. (medscape.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Doxycycline penetrated atherosclerotic plaques with acceptable tissue levels. (edu.au)
  • Moreover, he has aided the identification of a macrophage phenotype (under the control of GM-CSF) which is characterised by high MMP-12 and MMP-14 protein expression alongside low TIMP-3 levels. (eas-society.org)
  • 2-4) In fact, when oleuropein was given to animals with tumors, the tumors completely regressed and disappeared in 9 to 12 days! (olives101.com)
  • For more than a century, since first described in 1872 by Moritz Kaposi* as "idiopathic multiple pigmented sarcoma," dermatologists focused on classical Kaposi sarcoma (KS) - violaceous patches, plaques, and tumors on the lower extremities of elderly men of either Mediterranean or Eastern European (Ashkenazi Jewish) descent. (aad.org)
  • Study on atherosclerotic plaque composition in patients with intermediate coronary stenosis by multidetector computed tomography angiography, serum matrix metalloproteinase 9 and soluble CD40 ligand. (elisakit.cc)
  • Aim: This study aimed to determine the feasibility and first efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG)-assisted antimicrobial photodynamictherapy (aPDT) as activated using LED light to the dental plaque. (mdpi.com)
  • There was no difference in any other MMP (MMP-2, -3, or -9) or tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 or -2. (edu.au)
  • To investigate tissue health around implants with newly attached superstructures over 12 months of preventive maintenance appointments and instrumentation when necessary. (orfoundation.org)
  • β-Glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits the bacterial growth and biofilm formation by supragingival plaque commensals. (ac.ir)
  • Studies have shown that removing all the microbial and bacterial plaque from the surface of infected root of teeth is not possible. (bvsalud.org)
  • OMD was positively associated with MSX2 (Msh Homeobox 2) (r=0.32, P=0.003), a marker of preosteoblast differentiation, BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein) (r=0.50, P=0.000002) and BMP6 (r=0.47, P=0.000007), plaque calcification (r=0.35, P=0.016), and was strongly upregulated in osteogenically stimulated smooth muscle cells, which was further increased upon BMP stimulation. (lu.se)
  • Osteomodulin protein levels were associated with plaque calcification (r=0.41, P=0.006) and increased in macrocalcified plaques. (lu.se)
  • An important outcome of this survey is that several cyto- kines show explicit and consistent pro-atherogenic effects, generally independent of the experimental approach and conditions chosen: IL-1, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-a, MIF, IFN-g, and M-CSF all display pro-atherogenic characteristics while IL-10 clearly has anti-atherogenic properties ( Figure 2B). (researchgate.net)
  • Hadlima (adalimumab-bwwd) is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker indicated for treatment of rheumatoid Arthritis ( RA ), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), adult Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and plaque psoriasis (Ps). (rxlist.com)
  • It is now recognized that the preexisting thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) (vulnerable plaque) in approximately 50% of patients dying from sudden thrombotic occlusion occurs as a hemodynamically insignificant lesion. (medscape.com)
  • Evaluate the patient's vital signs and perform a cardiac evaluation, which includes resting 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG). (medscape.com)