• This research from scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory aimed to advance the use and efficiency of these reporters in two herbaceous plant species ( Arabidopsis and tobacco) and two woody plant species (poplar and citrus). (eurekalert.org)
  • After designing and building a GFP UV reporter protein (eYGFPuv) that provides enhanced signals for all tested plant species, the researchers demonstrated that strong fluorescence could be captured using either a fluorescence microscope or UV light. (eurekalert.org)
  • Keystone species: Which are most important functional genes in an ecosystem? (sciencedaily.com)
  • Microbial ecosystems such as biological wastewater treatment plants and the human gastrointestinal tract are home to a vast diversity of bacterial species. (sciencedaily.com)
  • These are typically not the most abundant species but far more important are organisms carry copies of distinct, essential genes -- researchers here speak of "keystone genes" -- which are also transcribed disproportionately often. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In most cases, they record the different species that occur together under changing environmental conditions. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This tells us what substances can be produced by the community in general, what genes exist in multiple copies in different bacterial species and in what quantities certain proteins are produced. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Armed with this knowledge, the researchers then went about first identifying "keystone genes" and linking these to keystone species. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The identified genes and species fulfil essential functions in the ecosystem," Paul Wilmes explains: "Many metabolic pathways and species are dependent on them. (sciencedaily.com)
  • With this knowledge about keystone genes and species, we can take a closer look at the molecular causes in future -- and explore measures for restoring ecological balance in the gut, for example. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Phylogenetic analyses using homologues of Mas genes from the genomes of 28 species of Stramenopiles give evidence of three Mas sub-families, namely Mas1, Mas2 and Mas3. (springer.com)
  • BLAST analyses showed that Mas genes only occur in flagellate species within the Stramenopile taxon. (springer.com)
  • Compared to many valuable plant species that were domesticated over thousands of years, cultivated cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon ) is a young agricultural crop, just as the U.S. is a young country and Thanksgiving is a relatively new holiday . (kxan.com)
  • Since human demand for good traits and yield is very high, only a small fraction of the world's approximately 200,000 plant species have, through history, survived the rigorous scrutiny of the domestication process. (hindawi.com)
  • The patent claims derive from research carried out by Baulcombe and Hamilton at The Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich, UK and published in Science ("A Species of Small Antisense RNA in Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing in Plants", (1999), 286, pp. 950-952). (bionity.com)
  • Genetic engineering on plants, for example, occurs when a gene from another plant species, bacterium or virus is inserted into the organism's DNA. (rt.com)
  • That distance varies depending on the species, but it ranges from the plant sizes of daffodils to sequoias. (dailyutahchronicle.com)
  • Particular emphasis is placed on the role of various species of insects that pollinate the plants and thereby transport genetic information. (zalf.de)
  • We further studied the collinearity between these genes and related genes of six other species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This particular gene comes from wheat, and it is also found in many grass species. (esf.edu)
  • A new Penn State university study found 52 cases of nonsexual transfer of DNA -- or horizontal gene transfer (HGT) -- from a host plants into a parasitic species known as broomrapes (genus Orobanche ). (zmescience.com)
  • In model species, these proteins have been shown to participate in the control of plant height, branching and seed size and could therefore impact the harvestable yield of various crop plants. (lu.se)
  • But after only several years, bacteria containing mutations in the Bs2 avirulence gene became prevalent in the field (Pernezny and Collins 1999), and when deployed alone, Bs2 resistance was no longer effective against such bacterial strains. (ufl.edu)
  • This strategy also helps to prolong the 'life' of the resistance genes, since the pathogen can only survive/spread if mutations simultaneously occur in all avirulence genes. (ufl.edu)
  • There are several reasons for this, including limited sources of resistance, resistance that is conferred by multiple genes with small effects rather than a single gene (which makes the breeding process much more complicated), mutations in pathogen avirulence genes resulting in ineffective resistance genes, and introduction of exotic pathogen strains which overcome the resistance (Hutton et al. (ufl.edu)
  • Thus after the discovery of genes the chromosomal aberrations and the mutations are differentiated. (google.com)
  • Since the flower in https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/indiantreepix/7-kRSVOxAMQ/sDatK69AGYAJ had not been resulted out of sacrificing stamens (as have been explained in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-flowered#Genetics_of_double-flower_mutations ), i think the abnormality lies in tissue differentiation due to certain changes in gene expressions, rather than a polyploidy condition. (google.com)
  • Individual events carrying mutations in the LeMADS-RIN gene occurred in 10.6% of the transformed tomato genotypes. (isaaa.org)
  • This can occur by epiallelic variation or by conventional mutations to cis -elements or flanking sequences that provide regulatory control of Avr gene transcription or translation, or possibly by changes to trans-acting elements, such as transcription- or epigenetic-factors that control Avr gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • But complex life, such as you, or me, or a cucumber, transfers genes vertically -- through the sexual exchange of DNA, with mutations and natural selection providing the means and incentive for evolution. (zmescience.com)
  • Other factors have since been linked with the decision by plant cells to activate cell death, including cell survival signals, stress signals, developmental cues, pathogen recognition and metabolic state. (essaywriter.org)
  • Thus, both the resistance gene in the plant and the avirulence gene in the pathogen are necessary for resistance to work against bacterial spot. (ufl.edu)
  • The aim of this study was to characterise the impact of a resistance gene against L. maculans infection on residue microbial communities and to identify micro-organisms interacting with this pathogen during residue degradation. (biorxiv.org)
  • The oxalate oxidase gene is also being tested by several other researchers to enhance pathogen tolerance in plant systems such as peanut , soybean , sunflower , and oilseed rape and also to possibly increase salt tolerance in tomato . (esf.edu)
  • This perspective outlines possibilities of how epigenetic control of Avr effector gene expression may have arisen and persisted in filamentous plant pathogens, and how it presents special problems for diagnosis and detection of specific pathogen strains or pathotypes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Pathogen Avr factors always raise simplistic questions when they are introduced to students of plant pathology. (frontiersin.org)
  • When a pathogen effector comes under host immune surveillance, the corresponding Avr gene needs to change in some way, so that the Avr factor no longer causes ETI, in order for the pathogen to grow and reproduce on hosts with the enhanced immune capability. (frontiersin.org)
  • This observation points to the dispensability of individual Avr genes and suggests that pathogen effector arsenals have a built-in redundancy. (frontiersin.org)
  • Provided that an Avr factor is retained by some individuals within a pathogen population, sub-populations or lineages can apparently lose and recover Avr genes repeatedly, as circumstances warrant. (frontiersin.org)
  • The PRV virus is a viral pathogen belonging to the potyvirus group of plant viruses and is considered the major limiting factor in commercial papaya production throughout the world. (canada.ca)
  • The male sterilizing factors are produced by recombination of the mitochondrial genome and consist of unusual genes or open reading frames (ORFs) that usually contain a portion of functional mitochondrial genes and sequences of unknown origin ( Hanson and Bentolila, 2004 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition, using sequences of three mitochondrial genes, the phylogenetic relationships between every sample with a known karyotype were determined, which revealed significant nucleotide divergence among the karyomorphs. (scielo.br)
  • The plasmid construct consisted of the neomycin phosphotransferase II ( nptII), -glucuronidase (gus), and papaya ringspot virus coat protein (PRV CP) gene coding sequences and the regulatory components necessary for expression. (canada.ca)
  • The genetic modification results in the addition of the novel PRV CP, nptII, and gus gene sequences in the genome of papaya line 55-1and the expression of three novel proteins (PRV CP, NPTII, and GUS). (canada.ca)
  • They also examined the non-parasitic plant Lindenbergia philippensis , and genome sequences from 22 other non-parasitic plants. (zmescience.com)
  • They found that the "foreign" sequences in the parasites had been derived from entire genes of past hosts, incorporated into the parasites' genomes. (zmescience.com)
  • Efforts to enhance plant resistance and tolerance to a broad range of stresses by expressing Trichoderma genes in the plant genome are also addressed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The male sterilizing factors usually consist of unusual genes or open reading frames encoded by the mitochondrial genome. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the current study, genes encoding two related proteins, PnMas1 and PnMas3, were identified in the genome of P. parasitica . (springer.com)
  • Recent progress in genome editing methods has opened new avenues for reverse genetics studies in plants. (isaaa.org)
  • Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the bZIP transcription factor family genes in response to abiotic stress in Nicotiana tabacum L. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nonetheless, the underlying molecular systems that continually edit a genome will themselves be affected by successes and failures that occur only after the passage of time. (frontiersin.org)
  • Genes and other genetic elements can be sorted, deleted, retained, and regulated within a genome in a way that maximizes survivorship in the future. (frontiersin.org)
  • Molecular and inheritance analysis indicates that line 55-1 contains the PRV CP gene and the nptII and gus plant-expressible marker genes at one integration site in the papaya genome. (canada.ca)
  • So, they are stealing genes from their host plants, incorporating them into the genome and then turning those genes back around, very often, as a weapon against the host. (zmescience.com)
  • Mutational genomics and targeted exome capture identify Sr26 and Sr61 as separate single genes that encode unrelated (34.8%) nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeat proteins. (nature.com)
  • They then characterised the entirety of all genes, analysed what genes were being transcribed and gained an overview of the resulting proteins. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In the majority of cases, Rf genes produce proteins that act directly on the CMS conferring mitochondrial transcripts by binding them specifically and promoting processing events. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the majority of cases, Rf genes produce proteins that bind specifically to the CMS conferring transcripts in the mitochondria and promote processing events leading to a strong reduction in the production of mitochondrial CMS-inducing proteins (reviewed in Chen and Liu, 2014 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Immunocytochemistry and GFP-tagging document the occurrence of all three PnMas proteins within the specialised compartments of the ER during mastigoneme formation, but only PnMas1 and PnMas2 occur in mature mastigonemes on the flagellar surface. (springer.com)
  • Transcapsidation involves the encapsulation of the genetic material of one virus by the plant-produced viral proteins. (referat.ru)
  • This is the concept briefly explored here, using the example of effector proteins from filamentous plant pathogens that interact with host plant immune systems. (frontiersin.org)
  • Naturally occurring infections of papaya result in concentrations of coat proteins at much higher levels than those expressed in papaya line 55-1. (canada.ca)
  • The proteins used as marker genes have been previously evaluated for toxicological safety as they are commonly used as marker genes in genetically modified plants. (canada.ca)
  • Heterotrimeric G proteins are intracellular membrane-attached signal transducers involved in various cellular processes in both plants and animals. (lu.se)
  • Gene flow in agricultural crops is important for risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) crops, particularly in countries with a large informal agricultural sector of subsistence cultivation. (nature.com)
  • In most cases where single resistance genes are deployed, crops remain disease-free for a period of time (usually several years), until a mutation occurs in the pathogen's avirulence gene that renders it undetectable by the corresponding resistance gene in the plant. (ufl.edu)
  • In 2009, the number of farmers planting GM crops globally reached 14.0 million, an increase of 0.7 million over 20082 with 15 countries having areas under biotech crops of more than 50,000 hectares (see the table). (epw.in)
  • One understudied opportunity is using feral crops-plants that have escaped and persisted without cultivation-as a source of genetic diversity, which could build resilience in domesticated conspecifics. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • In some cases, however, feral plants vigorously compete with crops as weeds, challenging food security. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Gene Transfer to Wild or Weedy Relatives Novel genes placed in crops will not necessarily stay in agricultural fields. (referat.ru)
  • If relatives of the altered crops are growing near the field, the new gene can easily move via pollen into those plants. (referat.ru)
  • These 'Bt crops' are genetically engineered to contain a gene for the Bt toxin. (referat.ru)
  • Because the crops produce the toxin in most plant tissues throughout the life cycle of the plant, pests are constantly exposed to it. (referat.ru)
  • Such crops are produced by engineering components of viruses into the plant genomes. (referat.ru)
  • Although HGT is rare in complex life, discovering that it can occur in parasitic plants could help us better defend our crops against them. (zmescience.com)
  • The 'wild type' on the left is the naturally occurring variant. (eurekalert.org)
  • One strategy to address these challenges has been to leverage in tomato some of the available resistance gene resources found naturally in pepper. (ufl.edu)
  • It covers, in addition, the usage of naturally occurring genetic variations for conventional breeding. (no-patents-on-seeds.org)
  • This plant naturally occurs in southern Europe and northern Africa. (researchgate.net)
  • Since genetic dissection of genes within alien segments in wheat was not possible due to lack of recombination, the question arose as to whether the apparent durability of such resistances might be due to multiple genes rather than a single gene. (nature.com)
  • To achieve this, Wilmes and his group took samples from a wastewater treatment plant during different seasons. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) reduce contaminants in wastewater before discharging the treated water into waterways. (cdc.gov)
  • However, some antibiotic and antifungal residues and resistant germs and genes can survive treatment because wastewater treatment systems are not specifically designed to kill or remove them. (cdc.gov)
  • Armbrust EV (1999) Identification of a new gene family expressed during the onset of sexual reproduction in the centric diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii . (springer.com)
  • Human chromosome 2 appears to have resulted from the fusion of two ancestral chromosomes, and many of the genes of those two original chromosomes have been translocated to other chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • like in plants when the cells are dividing during growth the chromosomes duplicate in each cell and seperate into half. (google.com)
  • While the changes which occur in numerical form or structural form of chromosomes are called as chromosomal aberrations. (google.com)
  • Also, the analyses indicate that chromosomal rearrangements occurred independently within the distinct lineages of S . marmoratus complex, which resulted in the appearance of distinct karyotypic variants in a non-linear fashion related to diploid numbers and in the appearance of similar non-homologous chromosomes. (scielo.br)
  • can reduce the severity of plant diseases by inhibiting plant pathogens in the soil through their highly potent antagonistic and mycoparasitic activity. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Plant pathogens display impressive versatility in adapting to host immune systems. (frontiersin.org)
  • The genes stolen this way could also provide the parasite with increased resistance to infection and pathogens the host plant has evolved to fight against. (zmescience.com)
  • The dominant discovery in these experiments indicates that there is a heterologous expression of certain genes in plants that can regulate cell death. (essaywriter.org)
  • they can combine with the promoter regions of key genes in signaling pathways to regulate their transcription levels and, in turn, plant resistance to stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plant-based alleles regulate cholesterol levels and have been associated with risk of many diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, arthritis and bipolar disorder. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Important regulatory factors, TFs bind to the promoter regions of target genes and activate or inhibit their transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
  • . 2006 ). In order to enhance blight-tolerance in the American chestnut tree, we are studying several gene products, regulatory regions of genes to control expression (promoters), and the possibility of combining two or more genes (called stacking or pyramiding) for better and more sustainable resistance. (esf.edu)
  • As an additional factor contributing to gene flow, we present data on seed saving and sharing among farmers that live in the same communities. (nature.com)
  • are concerned about the increasing number of patents on plants, seeds and farm animals and their impact on farmers, breeders, innovation and biodiversity. (no-patents-on-seeds.org)
  • But after the advent of farming in southern Europe around 8,000 years ago, European farmers switched to primarily plant-heavy diets. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The study shows that vegetarian diets of European farmers led to an increased frequency of an allele that encodes cells to produce enzymes that helped farmers metabolize plants. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The FADS1 gene found in these vegetarian farmers produces enzymes that play a vital role in the biosynthesis of omega-3 and omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA). (sciencedaily.com)
  • All farmers relied heavily on plant-based diets, but that reliance was stronger in the south, as compared to northern Europeans -- whose farmer ancestors drank more milk and included seafood in their diet. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This kind of plants plague farmers (figuratively speaking) around the world. (zmescience.com)
  • Scientists have now succeeded for the first time in determining key functional genes and the organisms encoding these in such ecological systems, working from extensive data of bacterial genetics and bacterial metabolism. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Scientists of the Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) and the Life Science Research Unit (LSRU) of the University of Luxembourg, in collaboration with US researchers, have now succeeded for the first time in determining key functional genes and the organisms encoding these in such ecological systems, working from extensive data of bacterial genetics and bacterial metabolism. (sciencedaily.com)
  • However, the subsequent appearance of new, diverse virulent isolates means that most of these cloned Sr genes have been overcome by at least one Pgt race within and/or beyond the Ug99 lineage. (nature.com)
  • This is important because it removes the selective pressure on the fungus to overcome this tolerance-enhancing gene. (esf.edu)
  • Often these susceptibility genes predominate in natural populations of insects. (referat.ru)
  • Therefore, we call for an urgent re-think of European patent law in biotechnology and plant breeding and for clear regulations that exclude conventional breeding, genetic material, animals, plants and food derived thereof from patentability! (no-patents-on-seeds.org)
  • Such hybrid viruses could transfer viral genetic material to a new host plant that it could not otherwise infect. (referat.ru)
  • Spread across seven different agricultural landscapes in Sweden, Estonia, Northern France, Belgium and Germany, they collect plant samples whose genetic material is then analysed here. (zalf.de)
  • The re-emergence of stem rust on wheat in Europe and Africa is reinforcing the ongoing need for durable resistance gene deployment. (nature.com)
  • However, as there is no current Pgt race known to be virulent to either resistance gene, it was not possible to unambiguously determine whether the recombinant introgression carried a single or both genes. (nature.com)
  • By this model, a resistance gene in the plant must recognize a corresponding gene in the bacterium (commonly referred to as an avirulence gene) in order for the plant to be resistant. (ufl.edu)
  • Fungal community structure differed between the two lines at harvest, but not subsequently, suggesting that the presence/absence of the resistance gene influences the microbiome at the base of the stem whilst the plant is alive, but that this does not necessarily lead to differential colonisation of the residues by fungi. (biorxiv.org)
  • Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a widespread phenotype in plants, which present a defect in the production of functional pollen. (frontiersin.org)
  • This research has great significance for the functional characterisation of the tobacco bZIP family and our understanding of the bZIP family in higher plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The transferred genes became functional in the parasites, said Claude dePamphilis, professor of biology at Penn State and co-author of the paper. (zmescience.com)
  • But the researchers think the close feeding connections between the parasite plants and their hosts increases the chance of genes finding their way to the parasite, where they can become functional. (zmescience.com)
  • The microbiome associated with the two types of plant residues was characterised by metabarcoding. (biorxiv.org)
  • Measuring the relationship between resistant germs and genes, drug residues (small amounts of leftover drugs or pieces of drugs that are not completely absorbed by the body), the environment, and human health is complex and incomplete. (cdc.gov)
  • But as a plant scientist , I've learned much about cranberries' ancestry from their botany and genomics. (kxan.com)
  • The main aim of this paper is to review the pathways that lead to cell death in plants with a purpose of identifying the anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
  • RNA-Seq analyses indicate that PnMas1 and PnMas2 genes have similar expression profiles both in vitro and in planta but that PnMas3 is expressed temporally prior to PnMas1 and PnMas2 during asexual development and plant infection. (springer.com)
  • For reasons not well understood, plants producing viral components on their own are resistant to subsequent infection by those viruses. (referat.ru)
  • Our hope is that we can use this information to find the best strategies to generate, or breed, resistant host plants. (zmescience.com)
  • Scientific evidence from a report called Initiatives for Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment [PDF - 94 pages] show that traces of antibiotics and antifungals, germs resistant to them, and genes that cause resistance traits are present and can spread in waterways and soils. (cdc.gov)
  • Reporter genes are attached to other genes of interest to provide an inexpensive, rapid, and sensitive assay for studying gene delivery and gene expression. (eurekalert.org)
  • Blackman LM, Cullerne DP, TorreƱa P, Taylor J, Hardham AR (2015) RNA-Seq analysis of the expression of genes encoding cell wall degrading enzymes during infection of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) by Phytophthora parasitica . (springer.com)
  • It is a central mechanism for modulation of gene Expression . (bionity.com)
  • Researchers use detection methods to analyse miRNA expression patterns and monitor siRNA levels following induction of silencing, for example to determine whether gene therapy drugs are having their intended effect on the expression of target genes relevant to diseases , such as cancer. (bionity.com)
  • The plant expression of the viral coat protein confers the ability to resist the PRV. (canada.ca)
  • XCI skewing has been also linked to abnormal X-linked gene expression with the broader clinical impact for sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs). (bvsalud.org)
  • Moreover, as revealed by research in recent decades, some Trichoderma strains can interact directly with roots, increasing plant growth potential, resistance to disease and tolerance to abiotic stresses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • She and Jaimie Van Norman, a biology graduate student, discovered that when a gene they named BYPASS1 was mutated, the leaves and the roots exhibited growth defects. (dailyutahchronicle.com)
  • It's amazing that two cells next to each other can send signals to each other, but the long-distance signaling occurring from roots to leaves amazes me," Sieburth said. (dailyutahchronicle.com)
  • Vegetarians require FADS1 enzymes to biosynthesize LCPUFA from short-chain fatty acids found in plants (roots, vegetables and seeds). (sciencedaily.com)
  • Parasite plants push roots into their host, which they use to extract water, sugars, minerals, even nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA, dePamphilis added. (zmescience.com)
  • Role of swollenin, an expansin-like protein from Trichoderma , in plant root colonization. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This protein family is largely expanded in land plant genomes. (frontiersin.org)
  • O'Farrell said suspicions that powerful new pesticides - incorporated into plant DNA via genetic engineering - have devastated worldwide honeybee populations by 40 to 50 percent in 2012 is the "canary in the coal mine" for GMOs. (rt.com)
  • Antibiotics and antifungals (fungicides) are sometimes applied as pesticides to manage plant and crop diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • Synergistic activity of endochitinase and exochitinase from Trichoderma harzianum against the pathogenic fungus Venturia inaequalis in transgenic plants. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Transgenic tobacco cell cultures expressing a Trichoderma harzianum endochitinase gene release the enzyme into the medium. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Bs2 tomatoes are transgenic tomatoes that have been engineered to contain the Bs2 gene from pepper. (ufl.edu)
  • 2002]). Bs2 transgenic tomatoes were developed by the Two Blades Foundation, a charitable scientific organization which holds an exclusive license to the Bs2 gene, in collaboration with scientists at University of California and University of Florida. (ufl.edu)
  • The first gene being tested in transgenic American chestnut encodes an enzyme called oxalate oxidase . (esf.edu)
  • The first transgenic American chestnut trees were planted outside in 2006. (esf.edu)
  • 2014). With the help of several collaborators, we are evaluating potential impacts of transgenic chestnut on soil fungi, aquatic insects, terrestrial insects, other wildlife, persistence in the environment, tree growth rates, pollen flow, and surrounding plant communities. (esf.edu)
  • The new traits might confer on wild or weedy relatives of crop plants the ability to thrive in unwanted places, making them weeds as defined above. (referat.ru)
  • They can also be propagated sexually, by planting seeds, or asexually, through rooting vine cuttings. (kxan.com)
  • Many other plants disperse their seeds via animals and birds that eat their fruits and excrete the seeds as they move around. (kxan.com)
  • For example, a gene changing the oil composition of a crop might move into nearby weedy relatives in which the new oil composition would enable the seeds to survive the winter. (referat.ru)
  • Los Angeles City Councilmen Paul Koretz and Mitch O'Farrell introduced Friday a motion to curb growth and proliferation of GMO seeds and plants within the city. (rt.com)
  • The research demonstrates real-time imaging of cellular and molecular events in a wide range of plants with the unaided eye and a black-light flashlight. (eurekalert.org)
  • This will enable quick and affordable screening for research and development or for real time monitoring of molecular events in mature plants. (eurekalert.org)
  • This mini-review summarizes the main findings concerning the Trichoderma -plant interaction, the molecular dialogue between the two organisms, and the dramatic changes induced by the beneficial fungus in the plant. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Plant mutagenesis is rapidly coming of age in the aftermath of recent developments in high-resolution molecular and biochemical techniques. (hindawi.com)
  • This signaling is essential because plants must rapidly respond to their environments in order to survive, she said. (dailyutahchronicle.com)
  • Latter when the structure of gene was studied and is known the changes which occur at gene level are called as Mutation. (google.com)
  • When the change occurs at gene level it is called as mutation. (google.com)
  • Golden Promise carries a loss-of-function mutation in HvDep1, an AGG3-type subunit encoding gene that positively regulates culm elongation and seed size in barley. (lu.se)
  • Squandering of Valuable Pest Susceptibility Genes Many insects contain genes that render them susceptible to pesticides. (referat.ru)
  • Poisoned Wildlife Addition of foreign genes to plants could also have serious consequences for wildlife in a number of circumstances. (referat.ru)
  • U researchers have discovered a gene that might tell plants when to stop growing when faced with drought, compacted soil or other poor growing conditions. (dailyutahchronicle.com)
  • Here, we isolate from wheat, Sr26 and Sr61 , with both genes independently introduced as alien chromosome introgressions from tall wheat grass ( Thinopyrum ponticum ). (nature.com)
  • Using gene-specific markers, we validate the presence of both genes on a single recombinant alien segment developed in wheat. (nature.com)
  • derived Sr gene, Sr61 (previously designated SrB ), was identified in South African wheat accession W3757, which carries a 6Ae#3 (6D) chromosome substitution 16 . (nature.com)
  • It is not associated with gluten found in wheat, but it is a natural defense gene that helps protect wheat from disease. (esf.edu)
  • These early trees contain the wheat oxalate oxidase gene controlled by a vascular promoter, meaning the enzyme is predominantly present in the stem tissues where infections occur. (esf.edu)
  • CMS can be suppressed by specific nuclear genes called restorers of fertility ( Rf ), which restore partial to normal pollen production to plants carrying a corresponding CMS-inducing cytoplasm. (frontiersin.org)
  • iii) modeled rates of pollen-mediated gene flow showed extensive mixing of germplasm between fields and farms and iv) as a result, segregation of GM and non-GM varieties is not likely to be an option in these systems. (nature.com)
  • Maize gene flow occurs through cultivator determined seed selection and mixing as well as through pollen transfer between individual plants and fields. (nature.com)
  • Domestication of crop plants seems to have taken place simultaneously in several subtropical regions, across central Africa, western South America, southeast Asia, and the Mediterranean during this period [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Systematic selection has, over the years, now changed the domesticated plants to the point where the wild relatives of crop plants often are classified in completely different taxa. (hindawi.com)
  • For example, engineering crop plants, such as tobacco or rice, to produce plastics or pharmaceuticals could endanger mice or deer who consume crop debris left in the fields after harvesting. (referat.ru)
  • The Bs2 gene, which confers strong resistance to bacterial spot, was cloned from pepper in the late 1990s (Tai et al. (ufl.edu)
  • These genes are a valuable natural resource because they allow pesticides to remain as effective pest-control tools. (referat.ru)
  • Gene flow occurs between all sexually compatible plants of maize types, i.e. in land races, commercial hybrids and eventual wild relatives 4 . (nature.com)
  • tritici ( Pgt ) races over the past two decades 1 , 2 has motivated global efforts to identify effective stem rust (Sr) resistance genes. (nature.com)
  • She began to make mutants of the plant Arabidopsis, commonly known as thale cress, to study these patterns and to understand how the loss of various genes affected the leaves. (dailyutahchronicle.com)
  • Both genes are commonly used as a selectable markers for transformed cells. (canada.ca)
  • Many of these micro-organisms are considered beneficial (e.g. plant growth-promoting bacteria), whereas others are pathogenic and decrease the yield and quality of agricultural produce. (biorxiv.org)
  • Silencing is a natural phenomenon that occurs in many different organisms from yeasts to plants to humans. (bionity.com)
  • The award of this patent (7,704,688, issue date 27 April 2010) comes as further recognition by the United States Patent Office (USPTO) of the pioneering contributions of Professor Sir David Baulcombe and Dr Andrew Hamilton to the field of gene silencing in living organisms. (bionity.com)
  • Recombination can occur between the plant-produced viral genes and closely related genes of incoming viruses. (referat.ru)
  • Analysis of ancient DNA revealed that prior to humans' farming, the animal-based diets of European hunter-gatherers predominantly favored the opposite version of the same gene, which limits the activity of FADS1 enzymes and is better suited for people with meat and seafood-based diets. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This continuous exposure selects for the rare resistance genes in the pest population and in time will render the Bt pesticide useless, unless specific measures are instituted to avoid the development of such resistance. (referat.ru)
  • The present paper is an overview of information on essential oils obtained from plant tissue of the Lavandula genus, including the methods of extraction, chemical composition and potential use. (researchgate.net)
  • The co-location of these genes on a small non-recombinogenic segment simplifies their deployment as a gene stack and potentially enhances their resistance durability. (nature.com)
  • Programmed cell death (PCD) occurs in many unicellular eukaryotes , including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii . (freethoughtblogs.com)
  • Armbrust EV, Galindo HM (2001) Rapid evolution of a sexual reproduction gene in centric diatoms of the genus Thalassiosira . (springer.com)