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Pituitary HormonesPituitary Hormones, AnteriorPituitary GlandPituitary NeoplasmsHypopituitarismPituitary Gland, AnteriorProlactinPituitary DiseasesPituitary Hormones, PosteriorLuteinizing HormoneGrowth HormoneAdrenocorticotropic HormoneHuman Growth HormoneFollicle Stimulating HormoneThyrotropinHormonesPituitary Function TestsDwarfism, PituitaryHypophysectomyPituitary Gland, PosteriorPituitary Hormone Release Inhibiting HormonesGonadotropin-Releasing HormoneGonadotropins, PituitaryAdenomaThyroid HormonesThyrotropin-Releasing HormoneProlactinomaPituitary ApoplexyGrowth Hormone-Releasing HormoneTranscription Factor Pit-1Pro-OpiomelanocortinAdenoma, BasophilPituitary Hormone-Releasing HormonesGonadal Steroid HormonesFollicle Stimulating Hormone, beta SubunitSepto-Optic DysplasiaHypothalamusThyroxinePituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating PolypeptideHydrocortisoneHyperprolactinemiaCorticotropin-Releasing HormoneLIM-Homeodomain ProteinsGlycoprotein Hormones, alpha SubunitHypothalamo-Hypophyseal SystemSella TurcicaParathyroid HormoneCraniopharyngiomaEstradiolRadioimmunoassayCranial Fossa, PosteriorDiabetes Insipidus, NeurogenicCentral Nervous System CystsTestosteroneAdrenal InsufficiencyAdenoma, AcidophilHypogonadismHormone Replacement TherapyEndocrine System DiseasesHypothyroidismReceptors, Pituitary HormoneRNA, MessengerMagnetic Resonance ImagingHypothalamic DiseasesReceptors, Thyroid HormoneGrowth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary AdenomaEtherProgesteronePituitary ACTH HypersecretionReceptors, ProlactinHomeodomain ProteinsACTH-Secreting Pituitary AdenomaSomatostatinRats, Inbred StrainsDiagnostic Techniques, EndocrineOvaryDwarfismOvariectomyTriiodothyronineChromograninsNeuropeptidesSexual MaturationReceptors, LHRHInsulin-Like Growth Factor IImmunohistochemistryGonadotropinsMolecular Sequence DataNeurosecretory SystemsEstrogensSheepThyroid GlandTranscription FactorsGrowth DisordersPregnancyTime FactorsCorticosteroneReceptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating HormonePosterior Cerebral ArteryGonadotrophsChorionic Gonadotropin
OxytocinNeurohypophysisVasopressinACTHProlactinSecreteAntidiureticSecretionGlandsTerminals in the posterior pituitaryCombined pituitary hormone deficiencyEctopicHypothalamic hormonesReceptorsDeficienciesFollicle-stimulaDeficiencyDeveloped pituitary glandStalkStimulatesCortisolAdrenocorticotropic hormoneParathyroidReleases hormonesAnti-diuretiSeparation of pituitaryLuteinizingTumorNeuronsRegulateRelease of hormonesOvariesEndocrine systemWattles in the brainHypopituitarismHypophysealTumorsGland produces hormonesAnterior lobeThyrotropinSymptomsAdenohypophysisAdrenal glandSmall glandKidneysStimulateElectrolyteOptic nerves
Oxytocin26
  • Oxytocin (Oxt or OT) is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide normally produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oxytocin is released into the bloodstream as a hormone in response to sexual activity and during labour. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the 1920s, oxytocin and vasopressin were isolated from pituitary tissue and given their current names. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the early 1950s, American biochemist Vincent du Vigneaud found that oxytocin is made up of nine amino acids, and he identified its amino acid sequence, the first polypeptide hormone to be sequenced. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1953, du Vigneaud carried out the synthesis of oxytocin, the first polypeptide hormone to be synthesized. (wikipedia.org)
  • Further work on different synthetic routes for oxytocin, as well as the preparation of analogues of the hormone (e.g. 4-deamido-oxytocin) was performed in the following decade by Iphigenia Photaki. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oxytocin and vasopressin are the only known hormones released by the human posterior pituitary gland to act at a distance. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, oxytocin neurons make other peptides, including corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and dynorphin, for example, that act locally. (wikipedia.org)
  • Amastatin, bestatin (ubenimex), leupeptin, and puromycin have been found to inhibit the enzymatic degradation of oxytocin, though they also inhibit the degradation of various other peptides, such as vasopressin, met-enkephalin, and dynorphin A. In the hypothalamus, oxytocin is made in magnocellular neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, and is stored in Herring bodies at the axon terminals in the posterior pituitary. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oxytocin is an essential lactation hormone released during breastfeeding that causes milk ejection and appears to have calming effect on the mother. (nih.gov)
  • The posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones made by the hypothalamus (vasopressin and oxytocin) into the bloodstream. (cancer.org)
  • Over the past decade, we and others have discovered that thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, oxytocin and arginine vasopressin act directly on somatic organs, including bone, adipose tissue and liver. (nature.com)
  • Turns out it's the two posterior pituitary hormones, ADH and oxytocin, which the Prairie vole has receptors for but the Montane vole does not. (jillcarnahan.com)
  • Oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) hormone release from neurohypophysial terminals is controlled by the firing pattern of neurosecretory cells located in the hypothalamic supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Oxytocin ( Oxt ) is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide . (wikidoc.org)
  • Oxytocin is normally produced by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary . (wikidoc.org)
  • [4] Oxytocin is released into the bloodstream as a hormone in response to stretching of the cervix and uterus during labor and with stimulation of the nipples from breastfeeding . (wikidoc.org)
  • In the hypothalamus , oxytocin is made in magnocellular neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, and is stored in Herring bodies at the axon terminals in the posterior pituitary. (wikidoc.org)
  • Oxytocin Antidiuretic Hormone Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) [1] [2] are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. (studymoose.com)
  • It is responsible for storing and releasing two hormones: oxytocin and anti-diuretic hormone (vasopressin), which are responsible for uterine contraction and regulation of water in the body respectively. (howstuffworks.com)
  • The posterior pituitary gland secretes a hormone called oxytocin. (corpus.nz)
  • Commonly known as the "love-hormone", oxytocin is crucial for successful labour and lactation. (corpus.nz)
  • When these neurons are excited, they stimulate the posterior pituitary gland to secrete oxytocin into the blood, triggering uterine contractions during birth, and milk ejection during suckling. (corpus.nz)
  • 2 Hormones produced:Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) & Oxytocin (the love hormone? (tomsk.ru)
  • Both the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei exert control over both the hormones ADH and oxytocin. (dentaldevotee.com)
  • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin (OT) are both produced in the hypothalamus, and then stored in the posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), from which they are released. (infoplease.com)
Neurohypophysis14
  • Hormones secreted by neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary). (medscape.com)
  • The pituitary gland is entirely ectodermal in origin but is composed of 2 functionally distinct structures that differ in embryologic development and anatomy: the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) and the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary). (medscape.com)
  • Unlike the adenohypophysis, the neurohypophysis is not glandular and does not synthesize hormones. (medscape.com)
  • These hypothalamic cell bodies produce hormones that undergo axonal transport through the pituitary stalk and into terminal axons within the neurohypophysis. (medscape.com)
  • Hormones released from the neurohypophysis ( PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR ). (nih.gov)
  • A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis ( PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR ). (nih.gov)
  • Anti-Diuretic Hormone is a hormone released by the neurohypophysis. (interscienceinstitute.com)
  • It is then released into the blood from the posterior lobe ( neurohypophysis ) of the pituitary gland . (wikidoc.org)
  • A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). (bvsalud.org)
  • The posterior pituitary, also known as the neurohypophysis, is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Neurohypophysis: Posterior lobe. (tomsk.ru)
  • Hypothalamus produces hormones-released by neurohypophysis. (tomsk.ru)
  • The glandular part is the adenohypophysis or anterior lobe and the neural part is the neurohypophysis or posterior lobe. (dentaldevotee.com)
  • The hormones are produced by neurons in the hypothalamus, and then carried via slow axonal transport (they don't have far to go, after all) to the basement membranes of the capillaries in the neurohypophysis, making their distribution to the blood quite easy. (infoplease.com)
Vasopressin6
  • Vasopressin is a pituitary hormone that causes severe vasoconstriction in the splanchnic bed. (medscape.com)
  • q Vasopressin (also called antidiuretic hormone, or ADH) causes the kidneys to keep water in the body, rather than losing it all in the urine. (cancer.org)
  • Vasopressin is a hormone produced by the posterior pituitary to help control fluid homeostasis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Antidiuretic Hormone Antidiuretic hormone is also called vasopressin. (studymoose.com)
  • The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that secrets hormones such as vasopressin. (mthelpinghand.com)
  • stimulate the posterior pituitary into releasing vasopressin (also known as anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)) which also acts on the kidneys to increase water retention. (wikidoc.org)
ACTH4
Prolactin20
Secrete4
  • FS cells in the pituitary glands secrete a big quantity of VEGF, which improves the blood vessel system in the gland. (caliu.info)
  • Pituitary adenomas may secrete hormones, but most are clinically inactive. (medscape.com)
  • url=http://comprarpropeciaspain.com/#igawibg]generico de propecia comprar[/url] Based on this insufficiency of data the Panel cannot make recommendations for the use of herbal therapies.within.This excess GH stimulates the liver to secrete a hormone somatomedin C or insulinlike growth factor IGF that causes the clinical manifestations of acromegaly acro in this term means extremities. (mama.lt)
  • Testes and Ovaries (gonads): Secrete sex hormones. (tomsk.ru)
Antidiuretic3
  • Agents with vasopressor and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) activity may reduce lower gastrointestinal bleeding. (medscape.com)
  • These processes are controlled by the selective permeability of different segments of the tubule to water, salt and urea, and the response of the distal collecting tubules to hormones such as aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone , and parathyroid hormone. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Demeclocycline Prolonged administration of demeclocycline may cause diabetes insipidus, as this drug decreases the production of antidiuretic hormone by the kidneys. (studymoose.com)
Secretion7
  • Growth hormone deficiency (GHD), defined as suboptimal GH secretion, includes a group of different etiologic disorders. (bmj.com)
  • Traditional textbook physiology has ascribed unitary functions to hormones from the anterior and posterior pituitary gland, mainly in the regulation of effector hormone secretion from endocrine organs. (nature.com)
  • It may be associated with thyroid hormone secretion but it does not have malignant characteristics. (nih.gov)
  • Because the excess secretion of growth hormone does not always produce the above-described clinical phenotype, especially early in the course of the disorder, a serum insulinlike growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level is recommended in all cases. (medscape.com)
  • Secretion of Anti-Diuretic Hormone is primarily controlled by the osmotic pressure of the plasma. (interscienceinstitute.com)
  • Which hormone secretion does the nurse state is an example of a positive feedback mechanism? (studymoose.com)
  • Ectopic secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) c. (acestartutors.com)
Glands10
  • This provides a key link between the brain and the endocrine system , a collection of glands and organs in the body that make hormones. (cancer.org)
  • The pituitary is considered the "master control gland" because it makes the hormones that control the levels of other hormones made by most of the endocrine glands in the body. (cancer.org)
  • The pituitary helps control the release of hormones from other endocrine glands, such as the thyroid, sex glands (testes or ovaries), and adrenal glands . (nih.gov)
  • The pituitary also releases hormones that directly affect body tissues, such as bones and the breast milk glands. (nih.gov)
  • Human Pituitary Glands Human pituitary glands generate hormones that are crucial for the body's metabolic rate. (caliu.info)
  • The pituitary glands release numerous hormonal agents that regulate our body's metabolic process. (caliu.info)
  • A hormone, produced by the thyroid and parathyroid glands, that increases the deposition of calcium in bones. (mthelpinghand.com)
  • A peanut-sized gland behind the eyes that secretes hormones affecting other glands. (mthelpinghand.com)
  • Most endocrine glands do not store their hormones. (tomsk.ru)
  • The pituitary glands launch several hormonal agents that regulate our body's metabolic rate. (europejczycy.info)
Terminals in the posterior pituitary1
  • They include a number of peptides which are formed in the NEURONS in the HYPOTHALAMUS , bound to NEUROPHYSINS , and stored in the nerve terminals in the posterior pituitary. (nih.gov)
Combined pituitary hormone deficiency13
  • Combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) is defined as a deficiency in two or more pituitary hormones. (bmj.com)
  • Diaczok D, Romero C, Zunich J, Marshall I, Radovick S. A novel dominant negative mutation of OTX2 associated with combined pituitary hormone deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Tajima T, Ohtake A, Hoshino M, Amemiya S, Sasaki N, Ishizu K, Fujieda K. OTX2 loss of function mutation causes anophthalmia and combined pituitary hormone deficiency with a small anterior and ectopic posterior pituitary. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 1. Single-nucleotide variants in two Hedgehog genes, SHH and HHIP, as genetic cause of combined pituitary hormone deficiency. (nih.gov)
  • 2. PROP1, HESX1, POU1F1, LHX3 and LHX4 mutation and deletion screening and GH1 P89L and IVS3+1/+2 mutation screening in a Dutch nationwide cohort of patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiency. (nih.gov)
  • 5. Mutation analysis of POUF-1, PROP-1 and HESX-1 show low frequency of mutations in children with sporadic forms of combined pituitary hormone deficiency and septo-optic dysplasia. (nih.gov)
  • 6. Mutations within the transcription factor PROP1 are rare in a cohort of patients with sporadic combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD). (nih.gov)
  • 7. Novel Mutations in HESX1 and PROP1 Genes in Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency. (nih.gov)
  • 8. A novel OTX2 mutation in a patient with combined pituitary hormone deficiency, pituitary malformation, and an underdeveloped left optic nerve. (nih.gov)
  • 11. Mutation and gene copy number analyses of six pituitary transcription factor genes in 71 patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiency: identification of a single patient with LHX4 deletion. (nih.gov)
  • 12. Molecular analysis of brazilian patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiency and orthotopic posterior pituitary lobe reveals eight different PROP1 alterations with three novel mutations. (nih.gov)
  • 14. Molecular analysis of PROP1, PIT1, HESX1, LHX3, and LHX4 shows high frequency of PROP1 mutations in patients with familial forms of combined pituitary hormone deficiency. (nih.gov)
  • 15. Mutations in PROP1 cause familial combined pituitary hormone deficiency. (nih.gov)
Ectopic5
  • Background: The ectopic posterior pituitary (EPP) is a rare condition characterized by the ectopic location of the posterior pituitary lobe associated with varying degrees of stalk anomalies. (benthamscience.com)
  • Lahiri AK, Sundareyan R, Jenkins D, Nilak A. MRI of ectopic posterior pituitary gland with dysgenesis of pituitary stalk in a patient with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. (benthamscience.com)
  • Ectopic posterior pituitary lobe and periventricular heterotopia: cerebral malformations with the same underlying mechanism? (benthamscience.com)
  • Ectopic posterior pituitary and stalk abnormality predicts severity and coexisting hormone deficiencies in patients with congenital growth hormone deficiency. (benthamscience.com)
  • 16. Hormonal, pituitary magnetic resonance, LHX4 and HESX1 evaluation in patients with hypopituitarism and ectopic posterior pituitary lobe. (nih.gov)
Hypothalamic hormones2
Receptors5
  • However, the evolutionary biology of pituitary hormones and their receptors provides evidence for a broad range of functions in vertebrate physiology. (nature.com)
  • New evidence also indicates that pituitary hormone receptors are expressed in brain regions, nuclei and subnuclei. (nature.com)
  • Kleinau, G. & Krause, G. Thyrotropin and homologous glycoprotein hormone receptors: structural and functional aspects of extracellular signaling mechanisms. (nature.com)
  • The study of hormones, their receptors, the intracellular signalling pathways they invoke, and the diseases and conditions associated with them. (mthelpinghand.com)
  • Target cells have specific receptors for hormones. (tomsk.ru)
Deficiencies5
  • Combined pituitary hormone deficiencies, genetic forms, also known as congenital hypopituitarism, is a rare condition that affects the pituitary gland. (nih.gov)
  • When Do Symptoms of Combined pituitary hormone deficiencies, genetic forms Begin? (nih.gov)
  • May be isolated (IGHD) or combined with other anterior and/or posterior pituitary hormone deficiencies (CPHD). (bmj.com)
  • Associated pituitary hormone deficiencies require treatment with hormone replacement and can evolve over time. (bmj.com)
  • 13. Genetic screening of regulatory regions of pituitary transcription factors in patients with idiopathic pituitary hormone deficiencies. (nih.gov)
Follicle-stimula3
Deficiency6
Developed pituitary gland1
Stalk2
  • The anterior lobe develops Rathke's pouch, and the posterior lobe and pituitary stalk develop from overlaying neural ectoderm. (umich.edu)
  • The pituitary stalk was not present. (benthamscience.com)
Stimulates2
Cortisol1
Adrenocorticotropic hormone1
Parathyroid1
  • Parathyroid hormone increases level of calcium in blood. (tomsk.ru)
Releases hormones2
Anti-diureti5
  • Drink large quantities of water as the anti-diuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary will be diluted in the bloodstream by large quantities of water. (ucheepines.org)
  • Anti-Diuretic Hormone measurement gives a good indicator of posterior pituitary function and activity. (interscienceinstitute.com)
  • The most important function of Anti-Diuretic Hormone is the reduction of the rate of urine output. (interscienceinstitute.com)
  • Anti-Diuretic Hormone is measured by direct radioimmunoassay. (interscienceinstitute.com)
  • Click here now More about this company here Both major ones are development hormone and anti-diuretic hormone. (europejczycy.info)
Separation of pituitary2
  • Click for more info Numerous methods for the purification as well as separation of pituitary hormones have been established. (caliu.info)
  • Click for more info Several techniques for the filtration and separation of pituitary hormonal agents have actually been established. (europejczycy.info)
Luteinizing1
Tumor7
  • If you have been diagnosed with a pituitary tumor or worried about it, you likely have a lot of questions. (cancer.org)
  • If a pituitary tumor makes too much TSH, it can cause hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid gland). (cancer.org)
  • A pituitary tumor is an abnormal growth in the pituitary gland. (nih.gov)
  • As a pituitary tumor grows, the normal hormone-releasing cells of the pituitary may be damaged. (nih.gov)
  • The tumor or its removal may cause lifelong hormone imbalances. (nih.gov)
  • C3414 Thyroid Tumor C90259 Pediatric Terminology A C8011 TSH-Producing Pituitary Gland Adenoma Thyroid Stimulating Hormone-Producing Adenoma TSH-producing Adenoma A rare adenoma of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that produces thyrotropin. (nih.gov)
  • A benign pituitary tumor that produces thyroid-stimulating hormone. (nih.gov)
Neurons2
  • Pulse labeling these neurons with radioactive amino acid indicates that the two hormones and their respective neurophysin carrier proteins are synthesized as parts of separate precursor proteins. (nih.gov)
  • From previous experiments, we believe that this excitation could be facilitated by another hormone (also secreted by neurons) called kisspeptin. (corpus.nz)
Regulate4
Release of hormones2
  • Apart from the parts we can see, which are the head, neck, legs and outer structures, there are also organs on the inside, mainly the brain, which runs everything from the release of hormones, to controlling voluntary actions, to turning on the flight-or-fight response. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Hypothalamus controls release of hormones of anterior pituitary by producing Releasing Hormones-some inhibit release. (tomsk.ru)
Ovaries2
  • In women their main effects are on the ovaries, where they control ovulation (the release of eggs) and the production of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. (cancer.org)
  • Most studies located provided information on thyroid hormones, with fewer studies on anterior pituitary, adrenal medulla, ovaries, and testes. (cdc.gov)
Endocrine system1
  • The pituitary is part of the endocrine system. (nih.gov)
Wattles in the brain2
  • There are two distinctive pituitary wattles in the brain, the anterior as well as posterior pituitaries. (caliu.info)
  • There are 2 unique pituitary wattles in the brain, the former and also posterior pituitaries. (europejczycy.info)
Hypopituitarism2
Hypophyseal1
Tumors12
  • See the latest estimates for new cases of pituitary tumors in the US and what research is currently being done. (cancer.org)
  • Tumors that start in the pituitary gland are called pituitary tumors . (cancer.org)
  • To understand pituitary tumors, it helps to know something about the pituitary gland and what it does. (cancer.org)
  • Most pituitary tumors start in the larger, front part of the pituitary gland known as the anterior pituitary. (cancer.org)
  • Tumors rarely start in the posterior pituitary. (cancer.org)
  • Most pituitary tumors are noncancerous ( benign ). (nih.gov)
  • Up to 10% to 20% of people have pituitary tumors. (nih.gov)
  • The causes of pituitary tumors are unknown. (nih.gov)
  • The pituitary gland can be affected by other brain tumors that develop in the same part of the brain (skull base), resulting in similar symptoms. (nih.gov)
  • Some pituitary tumors produce too much of one or more hormones. (nih.gov)
  • Most of the time, pituitary tumors can be surgically removed through the nose and sinuses (transsphenoidal). (nih.gov)
  • Tumors and surgery can sometimes damage the posterior pituitary (back part of the gland). (nih.gov)
Gland produces hormones1
Anterior lobe1
  • The anterior lobe is composed of a cell body called the hypothalamus, while the posterior wattle is composed of cells called the infundibulum. (europejczycy.info)
Thyrotropin1
Symptoms1
Adenohypophysis4
  • Hormones secreted by adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary). (medscape.com)
  • The transition from Rathke's pouch to the adenohypophysis involves the formation of the pars distalis from the rapidly proliferating anterior wall, the pars intermedia from the less active posterior wall, and the pars tuberalis from an upward outgrowth of the anterior wall. (medscape.com)
  • The adenohypophysis constitutes roughly 80% of the pituitary and manufactures an array of peptide hormones. (medscape.com)
  • The release of these pituitary hormones is mediated by hypothalamic neurohormones that are secreted from the median eminence (a site where axon terminals emanate from the hypothalamus) and that reach the adenohypophysis via a portal venous system. (medscape.com)
Adrenal gland3
  • What are the hormones secreted by Adrenal gland (Adrenal cortex, Adrenal medulla)? (lifeeasy.org)
  • The hormone secreted by the adrenal gland. (mthelpinghand.com)
  • A hormone, secreted by the adrenal gland and similar to epinephrine, that is the principal neurotransmitter of sympathetic nerve endings supplying the major organs and skin. (mthelpinghand.com)
Small gland2
  • The pituitary is a small gland at the base of the skull, just below the brain and above the nasal passages and the fleshy back part of the roof of the mouth (known as the soft palate ). (cancer.org)
  • The pituitary is a small gland at the base of the brain. (nih.gov)
Kidneys2
  • Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow and are controlled by a hormone known as erythropoietin that is released from the kidneys. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Kidneys produce a variety of hormones related to the circulatory system. (tomsk.ru)
Stimulate1
  • stimulate the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone , a hormone that acts on kidney tubules to retain sodium and chloride ions and excrete potassium. (wikidoc.org)
Electrolyte1
  • The finer adjustments of the tubular absorptive mechanisms are influenced by osmotic interrelationships between cell water, plasma and urine and by certain steroid hormones influencing electrolyte excretion and the posterior pituitary hormone regulating water excretion. (nih.gov)
Optic nerves1