OsteoclastsOsteoblasts and osteocytesOsteoblastApoptosisHomeostasisPathological conditionsDifferentiationAdipocytesProcessesOsteoclastStimuliMechanosensorsLacunaeParacrineOsteoclastogenesisPhenomenaPTHrPCellularOsteocyticVivoOssificationMilieuPhosphateMolecularPhysiologyIndicatorsParathyroidBiologicalBehaviorAbundantVitroCellsRoleCellRegulatorsMineralBone tissueMarkersRegulationRemarkableProcessActivityConditionsData
Osteoclasts7
- Different types of cells participate in the bone metabolism, such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes. (bvsalud.org)
- The main bone cells are osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. (biomedcentral.com)
- We found that PLF was present primarily in the cellular periosteum, articular cartilage, osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts at weeks 3 and 6 in all distal bone sites examined. (cdc.gov)
- Complex molecules are released by bone cells such as-osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes which cause bone changes/remodeling which are compatible with tooth movements. (journalcra.com)
- Oxygen-deprived osteocytes seem undergo apoptosis and actively stimulate osteoclasts. (unibo.it)
- Normal bone remodeling requires a delicate balance between the activities of major bone cell types: bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts, as well as osteocytes. (frontiersin.org)
- Bone tissue is continuously remodeled through the concerted actions of bone cells, which include bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts, whereas osteocytes act as mechanosensors and orchestrators of the bone remodeling process. (taeush.best)
Osteoblasts and osteocytes4
- In contrast to PLF, once Periostin was induced by task performance, it continued to be present at a uniformly high level between 3 and 12 weeks in the trabeculae, fibrous and cellular periosteum, osteoblasts and osteocytes. (cdc.gov)
- GC have a suppressive effect on osteoblastogenesis in the bone marrow and promote the apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes, thus leading to decreased bone formation. (kescom.ru)
- How Does Microgravity Affect the Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Function of Osteoblasts and Osteocytes in Producing Bone Matrix? (ncesse.org)
- FAK deficiency in osteoblasts and osteocytes in vivo benefits in delayed bone healing and transforming and interrupts the response of bone marrow cells to anabolic mechanical stimuli in a tibial injuries product [seventeen,18]. (acthreceptor.com)
Osteoblast8
- These results demonstrate that Cdk1 plays an essential role in the differentiation from osteoblast to osteocyte and the acquisition and maintenance of bone mass. (lu.se)
- Also, GJC forming by contacting two HC from adjacent cells present among osteoblasts, between dendritic process of osteocytes, osteocyte-osteoblast as well as osteocyte-osteoclast. (biomedcentral.com)
- 3) To detect the activation of osteoclast and osteoblast induced by condition media collected from hypoxic and normoxic osteocytes. (unibo.it)
- The release of soluble factors and the evaluation of osteoclast and osteoblast activation shows that osteocytes, grown under severe oxygen deprivation, play a role in the regulation of both bone resorption and bone formation. (unibo.it)
- Dependant on these previous final results plus the finding of this in vivo review, it is hugely attainable that constitutively expressed COX plays a substantial physiological role in regulating osteoblast proliferation. (mirnasynthesis.com)
- Moreover, osteocytes produce factors that influence osteoblast and osteoclast activities, whereas osteocyte apoptosis is followed by osteoclastic bone resorption. (taeush.best)
- The principal function from the interaction between your osteocyte-osteoblast/coating cell syncytium is certainly mechanosensation [15]. (nostradamus2018.com)
- C. An increase in osteocyte activity while osteoblast activity reduces. (naxlex.com)
Apoptosis4
- Cell death occurs under physiological and pathological conditions and mediates through three pathways as follows: apoptosis, autophagic cell death, and necrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
- Apoptosis was first described by Kerr and colleagues in 1972 [ 17 ] as a physiological situation characterized by distinguishable morphological features such as nuclear changes (nuclear chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation), cell contraction, and losing attachment with adjacent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- The data obtained in this study shows that hypoxia compromises the viability of osteocytes and induces apoptosis. (unibo.it)
- Prolonged High Force High Repetition Pulling Induces Osteocyte Apoptosis and Trabecular Bone Loss in Distal Radius, While Low Force High Repetition Pulling Induces Bone Anabolism. (exponent.com)
Homeostasis7
- It has been identified that has a physiological role in regulating mineral homeostasis. (immunodiagnostics.com.hk)
- FGF23 is a phosphaturic hormone primarily secreted by osteocytes to maintain phosphate and mineral homeostasis. (encyclopedia.pub)
- Montesi, Monica (2014) In vitro study of the osteocytes response to hypoxia and their regulation of bone homeostasis , [Dissertation thesis], Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna. (unibo.it)
- 2) To clarify the role of hypoxic osteocytes in bone homeostasis through the detection of releasing of soluble factors (RANKL, OPG, PGE2 and Sclerostin). (unibo.it)
- Our Bone Marrow contains, although in low concentration, mesenchymal stem cells which are today considered a powerful tool to promote the restoration of tissue homeostasis (physiological condition) and help with tissue regeneration. (gsdinternational.com)
- The mesenchymal cells contained in the fat make it an excellent tool to promote the restoration of tissue homeostasis (physiological condition) by controlling inflammation, and promoting regeneration. (gsdinternational.com)
- According to research on intercellular mitochondrial transfer in physiological and pathological environments, mitochondrial transfer hold great potential for maintaining body homeostasis and regulating pathological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathological conditions1
- Based on the nascent literature on mitochondrial transfer, we address the modes of mitochondrial transfer, their mechanisms, and their roles in physiological and pathological conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
Differentiation7
- Osteocytes have recently been identified as a new regulator of bone remodeling, but the detailed mechanism of their differentiation from osteoblasts remains unclear. (lu.se)
- The purpose of this study is to identify cell cycle regulators involved in the differentiation of osteoblasts into osteocytes and determine their physiological significance. (lu.se)
- The study uses IDG-SW3 cells as a model for the differentiation from osteoblasts to osteocytes. (lu.se)
- Among the major cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), Cdk1 is most abundantly expressed in IDG-SW3 cells, and its expression is down-regulated during differentiation into osteocytes. (lu.se)
- Inhibition of CDK1 activity reduces IDG-SW3 cell proliferation and differentiation into osteocytes. (lu.se)
- more specifically, the effect of osteocyte-conditioned medium on myogenic differentiation. (reprocell.com)
- MSCs are multipotent stem cells with a strong capacity for self-renewal as well as a differentiation capacity to form chondrocytes, adipocytes and osteocytes. (gsdinternational.com)
Adipocytes1
- Specifically, we are interested to study the molecular mechanisms in the context of the skeletal system including the interactive regulations among chondrocytes, osteocytes, adipocytes, myocytes and tenocytes. (edu.hk)
Processes5
- Moreover, increasing number of studies have highlighted the fact that a multifaceted approach from various domains of science such as biomechanics, cell biology, bioengineering, biophysics, biomaterials, computational modelling, endocrinology, and orthopaedics is essential to further our understanding of the intricate processes involved in bone remodelling and the central role of osteocytes in maintaining bone mass and architecture. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
- NutriKey Activated Cal-Mag is a natural dietary supplement formulated with microcrystalline hydroxyapatite concentrate (as patented MCH-Cal™), providing highly bioavailable calcium and phosphorus for supporting bone function, bone integrity, teeth, and other physiological processes. (nutrikey.net)
- These dendrite-like processes form a interact and network with various other osteocytes and with osteoblasts in the bone tissue surface area [14]. (nostradamus2018.com)
- Oxygen is in addition to food and water is one of the three most important elements in biochemical and physiological processes. (hbo2t-studio.com)
- Mitochondria play a pivotal role in energy generation and cellular physiological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Osteoclast1
- A. An increase in osteocyte activity while osteoclast activity continues at expected levels. (naxlex.com)
Stimuli2
- Despite the fact that a preceding research noticed that both COX and COX levels are enhanced following mechanical stimuli inside the osteoblastic and osteoclastic lineages , the physiological part of constitutively expressed COX in osteoblasts hasn't been reported. (mirnasynthesis.com)
- Platelet-derived growth factors are present in platelet lysate (PL) obtained after repeated freezing-thawing cycles of the platelet-rich plasma or by applying physiological stimuli such as thrombin or CaCl 2 . (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanosensors3
- Osteocytes are thought to be the mechanosensors of bone and have been shown to orchestrate bone formation and resorption. (unibo.it)
- Osteocytes are the professional mechanosensors of bone . (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
- Osteocytes are the most abundant cell type in bone and are responsible for sensing mechanical strain and signaling bone (re)modeling, making them the primary mechanosensors within the bone. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Lacunae4
- Nevertheless, COX was not observed in osteocytes in lacunae. (mirnasynthesis.com)
- Osteocytes are cocooned in fluid-filled cavities (lacunae) within the mineralized bone and are highly abundant, accounting for 90C95% of most bone tissue cells [13]. (nostradamus2018.com)
- Osteocytes osteocalcin express, galectin 3, Compact disc44, and many other bone tissue matrix proteins that support intercellular adhesion and regulate exchange of nutrient in the bone tissue liquid within lacunae as well as the canalicular network. (nostradamus2018.com)
- We performed the first quantitative inferences of resting metabolic rates on fossil synapsids (M. nmachouensis as a model and Lystrosaurus and Oudenodon for comparative purposes) using quantitative histology (size, shape and density of osteocyte lacunae) combined with phylogenetic eigenvector maps. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
Paracrine1
- These results showed that PTHrP acts as an autocrine/paracrine factor in osteocytes to regulate mineralisation and bone formation. (edu.au)
Osteoclastogenesis2
- Understanding the mechanistic difference between RANKL-mediated physiological and TNF-mediated inflammatory osteoclastogenesis, and especially TNF-induced intrinsic inhibitory mechanisms, will strengthen the development of therapeutic approaches to treat pathological bone destruction in disease settings and prevent negative side effects on bone remodeling and immunity. (frontiersin.org)
- 2011) demonstrated that purified osteocytes express a much higher amount of RANKL and have a greater capacity to support osteoclastogenesis in vitro than osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells. (immunoglobulin-light-chain-variable-region-fragment.com)
Phenomena1
- Introduction Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis and plays an important role in pathological and physiological phenomena such as wound healing, the menstrual cycle, and permeability of the blood brain barrier (Adini et al. (immunoglobulin-light-chain-variable-region-fragment.com)
PTHrP3
- Since PTHrP is also expressed in osteocytes, I sought to determine the role of osteocytic PTHrP in bone. (edu.au)
- Next, I generated 10kb-Dmp1Cre.Pthlhf/f mice, which had conditional deletion of PTHrP in osteocytes, from heterozygous breeders. (edu.au)
- These findings indicate that osteocyte-derived PTHrP is required to maintain trabecular bone mass and material strength of adult bones. (edu.au)
Cellular2
- It well known that ORP 150 plays an important role in the cellular adaptation to hypoxia, as anti-apoptotic factor, and seems to be involved in osteocytes differentiations. (unibo.it)
- The aims of the present study are 1) to determine the cellular and molecular response of the osteocytes at two different conditions of oxygen deprivation, 1% and 5% of O2 compared to the atmospheric oxygen concentration at several time points. (unibo.it)
Osteocytic1
- Physiological and pathological osteocytic osteolysis. (proquest.com)
Vivo2
- Hypoxia, in vivo, is a physiological condition for osteocytes, 5% O2 is more likely physiological for osteocytes than 20% O2, as osteocytes are embedded deep inside the mineralized bone matrix. (unibo.it)
- Their remarkable work also indicated that osteocytes are the major source of RANKL in bone remodeling in vivo. (immunoglobulin-light-chain-variable-region-fragment.com)
Ossification1
- Fracture healing is a sophisticated physiological procedure that includes the combination of equally intramembranous and endochondral ossification. (acthreceptor.com)
Milieu1
- However, recent developments in imaging and tissue processing have made it possible to study osteocytes in their natural milieu. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Phosphate1
- Osteocytes control phosphate matrix and fat burning capacity mineralization through the secretion of phosphate-regulating elements such as for example FGF23, Phex, Dmp1, and appearance of sclerostin (encoded by gene SOST) and DKK1 that adversely regulates Wnt and BMPs signaling [17]. (nostradamus2018.com)
Molecular1
- However, little is known about the physiological roles and molecular mechanisms of ACD. (nature.com)
Physiology1
- These findings will significantly advance the field of integrative physiology and delineate the important physiological functions of the bones, which previously misinterpreted as an inert organ. (edu.hk)
Indicators1
- Osteocytes transduce tension indicators from stretching out or twisting of bone tissue into biologic activity and react to mechanical fill. (nostradamus2018.com)
Parathyroid1
- Vitamin D insufficiency has been defined as a serum 25(OH)D level of 21-29 ng/mL (52-72 nmol/L). This is based on the observed physiological changes in calcium absorption and parathyroid hormone levels that occur with changes in vitamin D levels. (medscape.com)
Biological2
- Orthodontic tooth movement is a biological process involving interactions between physiological bone changes and chemical mediators such as growth factors, cytokines, arachidonic acid metabolites etc. (journalcra.com)
- Perhaps, the levels of mechanical strain required to initiate these biological events are not perceived by the osteocytes embedded within the bone tissue. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Behavior2
- Rastgar Agah M, Laksari K, Assari S, Darvish K. Mechanical Behavior of Porcine Thoracic Aorta in Physiological and Supra-Physiological Intraluminal Pressures. (exponent.com)
- It is very similar to calcium in its environmental and physiological behavior. (cdc.gov)
Abundant1
- The most abundant bone cells are osteocytes, differentiated osteoblasts, lying in the lacunar space enclosed by the bone matrix [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Vitro2
- Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture can improve the performance and physiological relevance of immortalized and primary cells. (reprocell.com)
- Taken together, our study provided more details regarding the expression of cholinergic receptors in osteocytes and ACh-induced cell proliferation and gene expression via the cholinergic receptors in vitro. (immunoglobulin-light-chain-variable-region-fragment.com)
Cells6
- Mechanotransduction is the physiological process where cells sense and respond to mechanical loads. (bmj.com)
- Osteocytes compose lacunar-canalicular network by their cytoplasmic dendrites that connect them to each other and to cells on the bone surface, important for intracellular and extracellular communication (Figure 1 ) [ 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- bone lining cells and between these cells and osteocytes [50, 51]. (taeush.best)
- In turn, it's suggested that MCH-Cal™ helps support osteoblasts (cells that promote bone growth) and osteocytes (bone cells). (nutrikey.net)
- Following mineralization of the bone matrix, these entombed cells are called osteocytes. (nostradamus2018.com)
- Osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain the mineral concentration of the bone matrix. (naxlex.com)
Role1
- Osteocyte activity plays a key role in this process. (wikipedia.org)
Cell2
- In addition to the incorporation of frequently used bioactive macromolecules and nanomolecules, burgeoning research has found that multiple physiological cues, including mechanics, electricity, and magnetism, represent fresh prospects for bone regeneration by influencing bone-related cell behaviors and cell maturation events [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Porous yet dense matrices: using ice to shape collagen 3D cell culture systems with increased physiological relevance. (upmc.fr)
Regulators1
- Glucocorticoids (GC) are important regulators of diverse physiological systems and are often used in the treatment of a number of chronic inflammatory, autoimmune, and neoplastic diseases. (kescom.ru)
Mineral1
- Entre los distintos tipos de patologías óseas en la enfermedad renal crónica-trastorno mineral óseo (ERC-TMO), la prevalencia de la enfermedad ósea adinámica (EOA) está aumentando. (revistanefrologia.com)
Bone tissue1
- As a result, osteocytes start and direct the next remodeling support and procedure bone tissue framework and fat burning capacity. (nostradamus2018.com)
Markers1
- NPY and reelin, two Peptone neurogenic markers, have been identified having higher mRNA levels in osteocytes than osteoblasts (Paic et al. (immunoglobulin-light-chain-variable-region-fragment.com)
Regulation1
- The present study showed a reciprocal regulation of RANKL and OPG mRNA caused by ACh via the cholinergic receptors, which resulted in a significant increase in the mRNA ratio of RANKL:OPG in osteocytes (Fig. 3B). (immunoglobulin-light-chain-variable-region-fragment.com)
Remarkable1
- The one-word answer is "mechanotransduction", but rather than finishing there and limiting this paper to 95 words, we provide a short illustrated introduction to this remarkable, ubiquitous, non-neural, physiological process. (bmj.com)
Process2
- In this way, bone is resorbed and replaced in a physiological process characterized as bone remodeling 39 . (bvsalud.org)
- 1. Introduction Bone remodeling is usually a physiological process that maintains the integrity of the skeleton by removing old bone and replacing it with young matrix. (nostradamus2018.com)
Activity2
- Our observations and the previously published findings are helpful in understanding cholinergic activity and its association with bone and osteocytes. (immunoglobulin-light-chain-variable-region-fragment.com)
- Choice A is incorrect because an increase in osteocyte activity would not result in osteoporosis. (naxlex.com)
Conditions1
- MLO-Y4 osteocytes were cultured in Alvetex scaffold in either perfused or static conditions (using a perfusion plate or well inserts respectively) and the resulting conditioned medium was added to C2C12 myoblasts. (reprocell.com)
Data1
- In particular the dietary Ca/P ratio has to meet physiological ranges and has a strong impact on health and performance data [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)