• Rectal prolapse starts as a mucosal extrusion from the mucocutaneous junction, which may eventually progress to full-thickness prolapse. (medscape.com)
  • Many sources differentiate between internal rectal intussusception and mucosal prolapse, implying that the former is a full thickness prolapse of rectal wall. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diagram depicting clinical difference between true (full-thickness) prolapse (left), including all layers of rectum and with circular folds seen on prolapsed intestine, and procidentia, or mucosa-only prolapse (right), in which radial folds are seen in mucosa. (medscape.com)
  • However, a publication by the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons stated that internal rectal intussusception involved the mucosal and submucosal layers separating from the underlying muscularis mucosa layer attachments, resulting in the separated portion of rectal lining "sliding" down. (wikipedia.org)
  • This may signify that authors use the terms internal rectal prolapse and internal mucosal prolapse to describe the same phenomena. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mucosal prolapse (partial rectal mucosal prolapse) refers to prolapse of the loosening of the submucosal attachments to the muscularis propria of the distal rectummucosal layer of the rectal wall. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most sources define mucosal prolapse as an external, segmental prolapse which is easily confused with prolapsed (3rd or 4th degree) hemorrhoids (piles). (wikipedia.org)
  • However, both internal mucosal prolapse (see below) and circumferential mucosal prolapse are described by some. (wikipedia.org)
  • Others do not consider mucosal prolapse a true form of rectal prolapse. (wikipedia.org)
  • Internal mucosal prolapse (rectal internal mucosal prolapse, RIMP) refers to prolapse of the mucosal layer of the rectal wall which does not protrude externally. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term "mucosal hemorrhoidal prolapse" is also used. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mucosal prolapse syndrome (MPS) is recognized by some. (wikipedia.org)
  • Photograph of severe rectal prolapse with clinically significant edema and mucosal ulceration. (medscape.com)
  • Excessive pushing during defecation induces mucosal injury of the anterior rectal wall, which may lead to a solitary rectal ulcer. (medscape.com)
  • In false or mucosal prolapse, the mucosa shows radial folds at the anal junction, whereas a full-thickness or complete prolapse has circular folds (see the images below). (medscape.com)
  • If the prolapse is present upon examination, feeling the prolapsed mucosa between fingers allows the examiner to distinguish between mucosal and full-thickness rectal prolapse. (medscape.com)
  • Image demonstrates mucosal prolapse, with radial folds seen on mucosa. (medscape.com)
  • External (complete) rectal prolapse (rectal procidentia, full thickness rectal prolapse, external rectal prolapse) is a full thickness, circumferential, true intussusception of the rectal wall which protrudes from the anus and is visible externally. (wikipedia.org)
  • Internal rectal intussusception (occult rectal prolapse, internal procidentia) can be defined as a funnel shaped infolding of the upper rectal (or lower sigmoid) wall that can occur during defecation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS, solitary rectal ulcer, SRU) occurs with internal rectal intussusception and is part of the spectrum of rectal prolapse conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • It describes ulceration of the rectal lining caused by repeated frictional damage as the internal intussusception is forced into the anal canal during straining. (wikipedia.org)
  • SRUS can be considered a consequence of internal intussusception, which can be demonstrated in 94% of cases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rectal prolapse and internal rectal intussusception has been classified according to the size of the prolapsed section of rectum, a function of rectal mobility from the sacrum and infolding of the rectum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Digital examination can also distinguish prolapse from rectal intussusception. (medscape.com)
  • In the case of prolapsed intussusception, a finger can be passed into the space between the anal wall and the protruding mass. (medscape.com)
  • [ 3 ] The prolapse can spontaneously reduce or may require digital reduction. (medscape.com)
  • Because most prolapses spontaneously reduce before arrival for evaluation, a brief examination of the patient in a sitting or squatting position and observation for recurrence of prolapse is recommended. (medscape.com)
  • Lockhart-Mummery's preferred operative treatment was linear cauterization of the prolapsed rectum, with recurrences treated by 5% phenol injection. (medscape.com)
  • One classification of rectal prolapse divides the entity into true prolapse (protrusion of all layers of the rectum) and procidentia (herniation of only the mucosa). (medscape.com)
  • A rectal prolapse occurs when walls of the rectum have prolapsed to such a degree that they protrude out of the anus and are visible outside the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rectal prolapse presents as a red ring of mucosa protruding from the rectum after straining (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • The prolapsed rectum is a pouting, swollen rosette. (medscape.com)
  • Straining during defecation predisposes children with constipation, diarrhea, or parasitosis to prolapse, as does childhood laxative usage. (medscape.com)
  • Prolapse initially occurs with defecation and straining, but as the pelvic floor musculature becomes more lax, it can recur with the mildest straining, in upright position, or even spontaneously at rest. (medscape.com)
  • Rectal prolapse refers to the circumferential extrusion of some or the entire rectal wall through the external anal sphincter. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Although, less common in Western societies, pediatric rectal prolapse is a relatively common benign disorder in children. (medscape.com)
  • A prolapsed rectal polyp appears as a plum-colored mass that does not involve the entire anal circumference. (medscape.com)
  • Most external prolapse cases can be treated successfully, often with a surgical procedure. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 6 ] Most patients (77%) with rectal prolapse presenting after anorectoplasty can be successfully managed with conservative treatment. (medscape.com)
  • In children, rectal prolapse should always be considered a presenting sign of an underlying condition, and not a disease entity unto itself. (medscape.com)
  • However, most researchers agree that there are 3 to 5 different types of rectal prolapse, depending on whether the prolapsed section is visible externally, and whether the full or only partial thickness of the rectal wall is involved. (wikipedia.org)
  • Internal prolapses are traditionally harder to treat and surgery may not be suitable for many patients. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rectal prolapse is generally more common in elderly women, although it may occur at any age and in either sex. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other positions, such as jackknife or left lateral decubitus are frequently inadequate to reproduce the prolapse. (medscape.com)
  • It describes ulceration of the rectal lining caused by repeated frictional damage as the internal intussusception is forced into the anal canal during straining. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 45 ] Radiographically, different grades have been proposed, from low-grade (recto-rectal intussusception) to high-grade (rectoanal intussusception) rectal prolapse. (medscape.com)
  • Internal rectal intussusception (occult rectal prolapse, internal procidentia) can be defined as a funnel shaped infolding of the upper rectal (or lower sigmoid) wall that can occur during defecation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS, solitary rectal ulcer, SRU) occurs with internal rectal intussusception and is part of the spectrum of rectal prolapse conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • SRUS can be considered a consequence of internal intussusception, which can be demonstrated in 94% of cases. (wikipedia.org)
  • If edema is already present, sustained, gentle pressure should be applied to reduce swelling and permit reinsertion of the rectal tissue through the anal orifice. (medscape.com)
  • Digital rectal examination should always follow this procedure to verify complete reduction. (medscape.com)
  • Complete rectal prolapse in a patient with Hirschsprung disease: a clinical case]. (medscape.com)
  • There is no specific medical treatment for rectal prolapse, however, management of constipation, treatment of associated parasitic infections, and avoiding excessive strain are appropriate measures for the management of uncomplicated rectal prolapse. (medscape.com)
  • When the prolapse is present at the time of examination, reduction should be promptly performed before the onset of edema. (medscape.com)
  • The different kinds of rectal prolapse can be difficult to grasp, as different definitions are used and some recognize some subtypes and others do not. (wikipedia.org)
  • The prolapsed mucosa becomes edematous as a result of lymphatic obstruction. (medscape.com)
  • Available at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/rectal-prolapse-in-children?search=rectal%20prolapse&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~49&usage_type=default&display_rank=2 . (medscape.com)