Peptides transcription proteins genes bacterial. Medical search. Frequent questions

The top category of Deaf1-regulated genes consists of glycolytic enzymes, which are suppressed by Deaf1 and Gsk3 but are upregulated by Deaf1 RNAi. (sdbonline.org)
We discovered the first enzymes that can remove SUMO from other proteins, causing this protein modification to be highly dynamic. (yale.edu)
In addition, the results tend to be better for bacterial proteins and enzymes. (pharmasalmanac.com)
Under this hypothesis, any model for the emergence of the genetic code is intimately related to a model of the transfer from ribozymes (RNA enzymes) to proteins as the principal enzymes in cells. (mercinewyork.com)
Two such genes in Drosophila encode the enzymes dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) and tyrosine hydroxylase (ple) . (sdbonline.org)
Secondly, those proteins which are present in soluble form in the cytoplasm often are subject to degradation by host specific enzymes, thus reducing the amounts of active protein that can be recovered. (justia.com)
Enzymes known to the prior art as "proteolytic enzymes" have been found to be particularly well suited for the cleavage of fusion proteins. (justia.com)
While the labeling system of microbial protein was known for many years, the team discovered that enzymes of the ubiquitin ligase family of molecules called MARCH - regulated the routing of MHC molecules during activation of DCs. (univ-mrs.fr)
Cells depend on their DNA for coding information to make various classes of proteins that include enzymes, certain hormones, transport proteins, and structural proteins that support life. (cdc.gov)

Only one of these microbial genes was directly involved in methanogenesis ( cofG ), whereas others were involved in providing substrates for archaea (e.g. bcd and pccB ), important microbial interspecies communication mechanisms ( ABC.PE.P ), host-microbiome interaction ( TSTA3 ) and genetic information processes ( RP-L35 ). (nature.com)
The downstream transformation of BA involved a meta -cleavage pathway, although its genetic organization and function was not revealed and the overall network of genes driving the full metabolic pathway of OPP is still not known. (nature.com)
Type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread genetic modules in bacterial genomes. (mdpi.com)
These techniques are based upon the preparation of hybrid genes, i. e. genes comprising genetic material encoding the polypeptide of interest linked to genetic material additional to the gene of interest. (justia.com)

Thus, this term can encompass some conserved microbial signatures (also called pathogen or microbe associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or MAMPs)) and pathogen effectors (e.g. bacterial type III effectors and oomycete effectors) as well as any genes that control variation in the activity of those molecules. (wikipedia.org)
ERAP1 is a gene that encodes an endoplasmic reticulum amino peptidase, which acts on amino acid terminals in peptides that are then involved in HLA class I molecules, affecting their length for optimum major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I binding. (medscape.com)
Quorum sensing is a community behaviour that enables microorganisms to communicate, perceive and monitor population density, and modulate gene expression by producing and responding to diffusible signal molecules. (igem.org)
Reaching the critical level of quorum sensing molecules enables therefore a coordinated expression of specific genes, for example the luminescence genes in V. fischeri or the competence in S. pneumoniae. (igem.org)
Ubiquitin and an array of related molecules (ubiquitin-like proteins or Ubls) such as SUMO are small, highly conserved proteins that are covalently attached to other intracellular proteins, resulting in various functional alterations of these targets. (yale.edu)
The inhibition of one of these steps by small molecules, such as antimicrobial peptides, or their action on specific targets will leave pathogens armless against classical antibiotics. (intechopen.com)
Both the recombinant and natural protein molecules were purified and characterized. (bvsalud.org)
This doesn't matter in RNA, since new RNA copies can be produced from DNA at any time, and most RNA molecules are intentionally destroyed by the cell a short time after they're produced so that the cell does not waste resources producing unneeded proteins from old RNA molecules. (mercinewyork.com)
A synthetic, specially- designed oligonucleotide with the ability to recognize and bind a protein ligand molecule or molecules with high affinity and specificity. (genomicglossaries.com)
The basic format of the yeast-two hybrid system involves the creation of two hybrid molecules, one in which the " bait ' protein is fused with a transcription factor, and one in which the " prey " protein is fused with a related transcription factor . (genomicglossaries.com)
BackgroundThe use of small molecules to selectively regulate the function of proteins is the cornerstone of the development of medicine. (newyorktimesnow.com)
Biotinylation is the process of covalently attaching biotin to molecules (such as amino acids, peptides, antibodies, or proteins). (newyorktimesnow.com)
Although some antigens (Ags) can stimulate the immune response directly, T cell-dependent acquired immune responses typically require antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to present antigen-derived peptides within major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Extracellular antigens (eg, from many bacteria) that are phagocytosed or endocytosed can be processed into peptides and complexed with surface class II MHC molecules on professional APCs, which specialize in presenting antigens to CD4 helper T (Th) cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Sequence comparison between wild-type hfsH from Caulobacter crescentus [37] and our optimized gene for Escherichia coli . (igem.org)
Sequence comparison between wild-type hfsG from Caulobacter crescentus [37] and our optimized gene for Escherichia coli . (igem.org)
Silencing of Velo led to constitutive expression of the IMD pathway dependent antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and Escherichia coli stimulation further enhanced the AMP expression. (cnrs.fr)
For pharmaceutical manufacturing, Vectron Biosolutions is focused on improving the performance of Escherichia coli systems by using expression vectors based on the xylS/Pm regulator/promoter system from Pseudomonas putida (xylS is the transcription regulator gene) on an RK2 plasmid modified to greatly reduce its size. (pharmasalmanac.com)
This recombinant (r)Bomb m 4 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the IgE reactivity by ELISA was compared with other reported allergenic proteins: Bomb m 1 (arginine kinase), 27-kDa glycoprotein, Bomb m 3 (tropomyosin) using the serum samples from 17 SWP allergic patients and 11 asymptomatic sensitized subjects. (bvsalud.org)

Targeting of novel essential pathways is expected to play an important role in the discovery of new antibacterial agents against bacterial pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , that are difficult to control because of their ability to develop resistance, often multiple, to all current classes of clinical antibiotics. (biomedcentral.com)
Novel antibacterials are urgently needed to combat the bacterial pathogens, which are increasingly resistant to existing antibiotics. (bioseka.eu)
Here the MHC encounter antigens from pathogens or peptides from the self to orient the response of the immune system, either to mount an attack or to signal that they are harmless. (univ-mrs.fr)

We found 191 putative coding genes (ORFs) of which 72 genes were previously known, and 110 of which remain unidentified despite literature and similarity searches. (nih.gov)
Thirty-one putative signal peptides were found, including those of thirteen known membrane or periplasmic proteins. (nih.gov)
Proteins/genes with a putative catabolic role and bacterium adaptation mechanisms during OPP degradation were identified via genomic and proteomic analysis. (nature.com)
Transcription analysis of all putative catabolic genes established their role in the metabolism of OPP. (nature.com)
In this review, we assess the potential role of putative gut microbiota products in the etiopathogeny of Parkinson's disease, with a special emphasis on functional bacterial amyloid proteins, bacterial biosurfactants, endotoxins and short-chain fatty acids. (techscience.com)

Binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mediates LPS-induced inflammatory response, including TNF secretion by monocytes. (cusabio.com)
To test whether beta-defensin expression was inducible, gingival keratinocyte cell cultures were treated with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. (lookformedical.com)
For example, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 pathway mediates stabilization of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA in myeloid cells stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (ed.ac.uk)

till polypeptides that are long, continuous, and unbranched synthetic peptide chains. (conzort.com)
Molecular chaperone implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, including protection of the proteome from stress, folding and transport of newly synthesized polypeptides, activation of proteolysis of misfolded proteins and the formation and dissociation of protein complexes. (cusabio.com)
The goal of this project, published in Nature ("De novo protein design by citizen scientists"), was to design polypeptides able to fold into pre-determined shapes. (evolutionnews.org)
More specifically, this ability to fine-tune the expression rate allows for its balancing with the protein folding rate, enabling all of the synthesized polypeptides to be folded correctly. (pharmasalmanac.com)
The preparation of valuable recombinant (genetically engineered) polypeptides, for example pharmaceutical proteins, relies frequently on techniques which involve the production of these polypeptides as fusion or hybrid proteins. (justia.com)

Antibiotics in current use target a surprisingly small number of cellular functions: cell wall, DNA, RNA, and protein biosynthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
The biosynthesis genes are encoded by the acb gene cluster, which was identified in 1999 by Stratmann et al. (frontiersin.org)
Leptin or other physiological changes affects the biosynthesis and processing of many peptides hormones as well as the regulation of the family of prohormone convertases responsible for the maturation of these hormones. (moam.info)
Because biosynthesis of mature peptides in response to leptin requires prohormone processing, it is hypothesized that leptin might regulate hypothalamic PC1/3 and PC2 expression, ultimately leading to coordinated processing of prohormones into mature peptides. (moam.info)

The "molecule" could for instance be a cancer cell or a viral protein. (igem.org)
NF-κB is found in almost all animal cell types and is involved in cellular responses to stimuli such as stress, cytokines, free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, oxidized LDL, and bacterial or viral antigens. (conzort.com)
Furthermore, interferon leads to upregulation of MHC I and therefore to increased presentation of viral peptides to cytotoxic CD8 T cells, as well as to a change in the proteasome (exchange of some beta subunits by b1i, b2i, b5i - then known as the immunoproteasome) which leads to increased production of MHC I compatible peptides. (wikidoc.org)
Our team was also able to show that brain and DC-associated LAMP associated molecule (BAD-LAMP, C20orf103, LAMP5) is a chaperone for endocytic toll-like receptors (TLR) specifically expressed in the human type-I Interferon producing plasmacytoïd dendritic cells, which are specialized in the detection of nucleic acids potentially of viral or bacterial origin. (univ-mrs.fr)

This study also identified 43 growth-impairing inserts carrying multiple loci targeting 105 genes, of which 25 have homologs reported as essential in other bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
Antibiotic resistance is horizontally transferred among different species of bacteria - one species transfer resistance genes to other species. (bioseka.eu)
Moreover, the "good bacteria" can quickly turn deadly by acquiring few genes encoding toxins. (bioseka.eu)
Selectivity is possible, if bacteria are controlled at the DNA and RNA by focusing on the genes or their transcription in the "bad bacteria" only. (bioseka.eu)
In most gram-positive bacteria, this operon consists of five genes dltXABCD but the involvement of the first ORF ( dltX ) encoding a small protein of unknown function, has never been investigated. (frontiersin.org)
Biofilm is a complex matrix consisting of extracellular polysaccharides, DNA, and proteins that protect bacteria from a variety of physical, chemical, and biological stresses allowing them to survive in hostile environments. (intechopen.com)
The biofilm matrix consists of polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA and constitutes a stubborn source that protects bacteria from a variety of physical, chemical, and biological stresses. (intechopen.com)
This free toxin cleaves the phage RNA (along with the bacterial RNAs), effectively preventing phage propagation from infecting other bacteria. (thehindubusinessline.com)
The free toxin will then destroy the bacteria thus preventing bacterial infection. (thehindubusinessline.com)
So, it is hoped that a peptide or the drug effective against bacteria will not act against the human cells," says Singh. (thehindubusinessline.com)
VB Secretion technology, originally developed by Professor Kelly Hughes at the University of Utah and commercialized through the company T3S Technologies, is based on truncated versions of bacterial flagella, organelles in bacteria that help in locomotion. (pharmasalmanac.com)
Suppression of the degalactosylation by senju overexpression resulted in reduced induction of Toll-dependent expression of an antimicrobial peptide, Drosomycin , and increased susceptibility to infection with Gram-positive bacteria. (sdbonline.org)
Cystic fibrosis mice have been generated by gene targeting but show little lung disease without repeated exposure to bacteria. (lookformedical.com)

How can mankind use bacteria's internal mechanism of fighting a virus to protect human cells from a bacterial infection? (thehindubusinessline.com)
The resulting data provide new insights into how Zn2Cys6 TF genes regulate important traits during the infection cycle of this rice blast pathogen. (prelekara.sk)
2009) Mstu1, an APSES transcription factor, is required for appressorium-mediated infection in Magnaporthe grisea. (prelekara.sk)

These previous metagenomic studies were based on microbiota profiles mostly identified using sequence polymorphisms of the 16S rRNA gene and therefore did not consider the functional versatility of unique rumen microbial species, nor the ability of some microbial organisms to integrate foreign DNA from other microbial organisms into their DNA. (nature.com)
Although AmlR apparently is a local transcriptional regulator of the aml operon, the Δ amlR strain shows severe growth inhibitions on glucose and - concomitantly - differential transcription of several genes of various functional classes. (frontiersin.org)
We are trying to understand the functional consequences of SUMO-protein modification, particularly in the cell cycle and chromatin-mediate gene transcription, and to determine the basis of specificity for the SUMO-cleaving proteases. (yale.edu)
How do new genes and functional proteins arise and develop? (evolutionnews.org)
If they had checked Douglas Axe's book, Undeniable (Chapter 8, and pp. 180-181), they would have found empirical proof that the fraction of sequence space that is functional for a small protein is nanoscopically minute. (evolutionnews.org)
2007) Genome-wide functional analysis of pathogenicity genes in the rice blast fungus. (prelekara.sk)

1,100 muscle-targeted RNAi interventions to comprehensively assess the function of 447 transcription factors in the developmental growth of body wall skeletal muscles in Drosophila. (sdbonline.org)
Immunity genes are activated in the Drosophila fat body by Rel and GATA transcription factors. (sdbonline.org)
Deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor-1 (DEAF-1) is a transcription factor that was originally shown to bind the autoregulatory enhancer of the Deformed ( Dfd ) Hox gene, which is activated in embryonic head segments of Drosophila (Gross, 1996). (sdbonline.org)
The Drosophila Toll pathway is required in the host defenses against several Gram-positive bacterial infections as well as against fungal infections. (cnrs.fr)

Isotype or positive controls by peptides, antibodies and deactivated samples.Peptides short amino acid chains or epitopes or blocking antagonists. (conzort.com)
• evidence of active C. pneumoniae protein synthesis in the central nervous system, with production of a bacterial protein evoking an antibody shown to cause death of oligodendrocyte precursor cells [Cid C, Alvarez-Cermeno JC, Camafeita E, Salinas M, Alcazar A. Antibodies reactive to heat shock protein 90 induce oligodendrocyte precursor cell death in culture. (weeksmd.com)

They found that artificial expression of Pseudomonas syringae's avrB in the host Arabidopsis produced cell death when combined with expression of the host R gene, RPM1. (wikipedia.org)
DEAF-1 activates the expression of Mtk and Drs promoter-luciferase fusion genes in S2 cells. (sdbonline.org)
DEAF-1 recognizes several TTCG motifs within the portion of the Dfd autoregulatory region termed 'module E.' In addition, DEAF-1 binds several similar motifs within a Dfd response element ( DRE ) from the 1.28 gene that enhances maxillary gene expression during embryogenesis (Pederson, 2000). (sdbonline.org)
A flavin-dependent monoxygenase (OppA1), one of the most up-regulated proteins in the OPP-growing cells, was isolated via heterologous expression and its catabolic activity was verified in vitro . (nature.com)
To also target low expressed essential genes, we included some variant steps that were expected to overcome the non-stringent regulation of the promoter carried by the expression vector used for the shotgun antisense libraries. (biomedcentral.com)
For the first time in P. aeruginosa , we applied regulated antisense RNA expression and showed the feasibility of this technology for the identification of novel essential genes. (biomedcentral.com)
We, therefore constructed an in frame deletion mutant of dltX , without affecting the expression of the other genes of the operon. (frontiersin.org)
Major immune response pathways control the expression of hundreds of genes that represent potential effectors of the immune response. (cnrs.fr)
We also observed from in vivo analysis that Velo knock-down flies exhibit significant upregulation of the AMP expression and reduced bacterial load. (cnrs.fr)
Unique vector and vector-evolution technologies from Vectron Biosolutions enable the development of expression systems designed for high-titer production of high-quality proteins, even those that are difficult to produce. (pharmasalmanac.com)
Interest in microbial fermentation in bacterial systems has been increasing recently, because protein expression is easier in these systems than in mammalian cell culture. (pharmasalmanac.com)
Notably, the benzoic acid inducer readily and passively moves across bacterial membranes, allowing regulation of the level of expression by simply adding more or less of the inducer. (pharmasalmanac.com)
Consequently, the VB Evolution technology allows Vectron to create tailor-made, bespoke expression vectors for each and every protein we work with by evolving a solution to every protein through an iterative process similar to what occurs in nature. (pharmasalmanac.com)
Overall, therefore, the time from receipt of a client's gene to generation of an expression vector that produces very high amounts of the client's protein may be just a few weeks. (pharmasalmanac.com)
We further found via RNA-seq that GPF1 and CNF2 have similar mechanisms in gene expression regulation related to pathogenicity. (prelekara.sk)
However, little is known about the expression of HBD-1 or HBD-2 in tissues of the oral cavity and whether these proteins are secreted. (lookformedical.com)
In this study, we characterized the expression of HBD-1 and HBD-2 mRNAs within the major salivary glands, tongue, gingiva, and buccal mucosa and detected beta-defensin peptides in salivary secretions. (lookformedical.com)
Production of the fusion polypeptide involves the introduction of the hybrid gene into a biological host cell system, for example yeast cells, which permits the expression and accumulation of the fusion polypeptide. (justia.com)
We also developed a tool which predicts male/female specific expression for genes without SNP. (biomedcentral.com)
Signal transduction pathways regulate gene expression in part by modulating the stability of specific mRNAs. (ed.ac.uk)
The p38 pathway is required for the induction of TNF-alpha RNA-binding activity and for the expression of TTP protein and mRNA. (ed.ac.uk)
Our findings demonstrate a direct link between a specific signal transduction pathway and a specific RNA-binding protein, both of which are known to regulate TNF-alpha gene expression at a posttranscriptional level. (ed.ac.uk)
We tested various specimens (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, intraocular fluid, serum, and tissues) from the organ donor and recipients by serology, RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, metagenomic next-generation sequencing, and host gene expression, and conducted a traceback of blood transfusions received by the organ donor. (cdc.gov)

Family of antimicrobial peptides that have been identified in humans, animals, and plants. (lookformedical.com)
The beta-defensin genes mapped closely on rat chromosome 16 and were closely linked to the alpha-defensins genes, suggesting that they are part of a gene cluster, similar to the organization reported for humans. (lookformedical.com)
Humans with variants of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes show increased susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease[ 2 ]. (wjgnet.com)
To deliver these immunological instructions, antigen (in practice a peptide a few amino acids in length) is not presented in isolation to T lymphocytes by dendritic cells but is nestled in a pocket formed by a molecule, known as the Major Histocompatibility Complex (called HLA in humans). (univ-mrs.fr)
Emergence of plasmid-mediated high-level tigecycline resistance genes in animals and humans. (cdc.gov)

The protein products of the PRRs contain extracellular, juxtamembrane, transmembrane and intracellular non-RD kinase domains. (wikipedia.org)
Prokaryotes commonly use a histidine-aspartate phosphorelay (HAP) system consisting of a histidine protein kinase (HPK) and a response regulator (RR). (igem.org)
They then start producing large amounts of a protein known as protein kinase R (or PKR ). (wikidoc.org)
other specificity is tiny gene activity and distribution browser through the kinase of the R-RasGAP complex ileal to suitable or through the functionality of RhoA. (evakoch.com)
We present evidence that phosphorylation of TTP is mediated by the p38-regulated kinase MAPKAPK2 (MAPK-activated protein kinase 2). (ed.ac.uk)

Using affinity chromatography coupled to multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT), DEAF-1 was identified as a candidate regulator. (sdbonline.org)
Park et al analyzed TNF-alpha haplotypes in the promoter response element that affect the binding affinity of certain transcription factors. (medscape.com)
In the ATP-bound form, it has a low affinity for substrate proteins. (cusabio.com)
However, upon hydrolysis of the ATP to ADP, it undergoes a conformational change that increases its affinity for substrate proteins. (cusabio.com)
It has also been proposed to employ fusion partners as affinity peptides. (justia.com)
From a biotechnological perspective, the most attractive property of biotin is its unusually high affinity and highly specific binding to avidin and streptavidin of bacterial origin. (newyorktimesnow.com)

These biological oligomers and polymers can be Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), or in continue produced for custom peptide synthesis projects. (conzort.com)
The High-efficiency solid phase peptide synthesis (HE-SPPS) is give very low production costs. (conzort.com)
It is typically discussed using the "codons" found in mRNA, as mRNA is the messenger that carries information from the DNA to the site of protein synthesis. (mercinewyork.com)

Bacterial infections are a common complication for many medical procedures. (bioseka.eu)
Over the past decade, bacterial infections became resistant to the last resort antibiotics - carbapenems. (bioseka.eu)
The protein produced by this gene is an endogenous pyrogen that can induce fever in people with autoimmune diseases or infections. (thermofisher.com)

Other genes were found to have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease through defects in sensing and processing of signals that are related to regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. (medscape.com)
Biotin also plays a key role in histone modification, gene regulation (by altering the activity of transcription factors), and cell signaling. (newyorktimesnow.com)

UAB Bioseka together with partners have commenced joint R&D project "Peptide Nucleic Acid Applications for Inhibition of Streptococci Biofilms" (PAISBI) as of November 2013. (bioseka.eu)

For example, exosomes and nanovesicles secreted by living cells serve as intercellular couriers of mRNA, microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and proteins and have thus garnered considerable interest [ 3 ]. (jcancer.org)
After phosphorylation, eIF2 has a reduced ability to initiate translation, the production of proteins coded by cellular mRNA . (wikidoc.org)
The zinc finger protein tristetraprolin (TTP) is expressed in response to LPS and regulates the stability of TNF-alpha mRNA. (ed.ac.uk)
At the ribosome, the processed mRNA is translated to produce proteins from amino acid units. (cdc.gov)

AvrPto is an ancient effector that is conserved in many P. syringae strains, whereas Pto R gene is only found in a few wild tomato species. (wikipedia.org)
Any drug impairing crucial processes for bacterial life will inevitably lead to the development of drug-resistant strains, whereas the inhibition of biofilm formation might prevent the onset of bacterial resistance. (intechopen.com)
In this section, we will focus on proteins involved in biofilm formation as useful targets for the development of new drugs that can effectively and specifically impair biofilm formation with slight effects on cell survival, thus avoiding the generation of drug-resistant strains. (intechopen.com)
Over time, OspC genes were transferred between strains through recombinations involving the whole or parts of the gene and one or both flanks. (cdc.gov)

The Pseudomonas tomato resistance gene (Pto) belongs to a class of its own. (wikipedia.org)
Naive DeltaF508 -/- and +/- mice showed no pulmonary inflammation and after inhaled Pseudomonas aeruginosa had similar inflammatory responses and bacterial clearance rates. (lookformedical.com)

R gene specificity (recognising certain Avr gene products) is believed to be conferred by the leucine rich repeats. (wikipedia.org)
LRR swapping experiments between resistance genes in flax rust resulted in the specificity of the resistance gene for the avirulence gene changing. (wikipedia.org)
The term "avirulence gene" remains useful as a broad term that indicates a gene that encodes any determinant of the specificity of the interaction with the host. (wikipedia.org)
Such reactions employ agents that act by hydrolysis of peptide bonds and the specificity of the cleavage agent is determined by the identity of the amino acid residue at or near the peptide bond which is cleaved. (justia.com)

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. (rndsystems.com)
Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. (rndsystems.com)
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. (rndsystems.com)
2 μg/lane of Biotinylated Recombinant Human IFN‑ gamma R1/CD119 Avi-tag His-tag Protein (Catalog # AVI11030) was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) and non-reducing (NR) conditions and visualized by Coomassie® Blue staining, showing bands at 42‑55 kDa. (rndsystems.com)
The method involves expressing the recombinant polypeptide as a fusion protein with a pro-peptide. (justia.com)
The pro-peptide-polypeptide fusion protein can be cleaved and the recombinant polypeptide released under the appropriate conditions. (justia.com)
Finally, the use of a fusion partner may enable the production of a peptide which would otherwise be too small to accumulate and recover efficiently from a recombinant host cell system. (justia.com)

in an operon with an upstream PurR/LacI-type transcriptional regulator gene, named amlR ( ACSP50_2475 ), and a gene downstream ( ACSP50_2473 ) encoding a GGDEF-EAL-domain-containing protein putatively involved in c-di-GMP signaling. (frontiersin.org)
Inhibits the transcriptional coactivator activity of CITED1 on Smad-mediated transcription. (cusabio.com)
The gene is primarily expressed at sites of acute and chronic inflammation, where it is secreted into the serum and induces a transcriptional inflammatory response through interleukin 6 receptor, alpha. (thermofisher.com)
In line with this, RBPJL is able to fully reconstitute transcriptional repression at Notch target genes in cells lacking RBPJ. (uni-ulm.de)

The proteasome is a molecular machine that fragments proteins into short peptides. (yale.edu)

NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) is a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival. (conzort.com)
IL-6 is a gene that encodes a cytokine that plays a role in inflammation and the maturation of B cells. (thermofisher.com)
The gene that codes for this cytokine is switched on in an infected cell, and the interferon synthesized and secreted to surrounding cells. (wikidoc.org)

The current paradigm is that peptides secreted in the hemolymph during the systemic immune response are either bona fide antimicrobial peptides or likely ones. (cnrs.fr)
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a bona fide ligand-regulated transcription factor. (uni-ulm.de)

The PRR class of R genes includes the rice XA21 resistance gene that recognizes the ax21 peptide and the Arabidopsis FLS2 peptide that recognizes the flg22 peptide from flagellin. (wikipedia.org)
Arabidopsis plants detect a variety of PAMPs including conserved domains of bacterial flagellin and of bacterial EF-Tu. (uea.ac.uk)

I attended a Systems biology meeting ESF 2008 where Ron Weiss explained how he used a bacterial to manipulate eukaryotic cells. (igem.org)
First, we wish to understand, at a mechanistic and molecular level, how specific proteins are rapidly degraded within eukaryotic cells while most proteins are spared. (yale.edu)

Scientists from Lithuania and Israel are applying the advanced antisense oligonucleotide therapy method based on peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligonucleotides. (bioseka.eu)
One gene was highly similar to the human beta-defensin-1 (HBD-1) gene and mouse beta-defensin-1 gene at both the nucleic acid and amino acid levels and was termed rat beta-defensin-1 (RBD-1). (lookformedical.com)

Intracellular recognition of an avirulence gene product was first demonstrated by Gopalan et al 1996. (wikipedia.org)

This study explored human IgG responses to an Aedes mosquito salivary gland peptide Nterm-34kDa in Lower Moshi, a highland area with evidence of circulating arboviruses and compared the Aedes IgG responses to Anopheles mosquitoes' salivary antigen (GSG6-P1) IgG responses. (bvsalud.org)
Production of beta-defensin antimicrobial peptides by the oral mucosa and salivary glands. (lookformedical.com)

examples include rice Xa21D for resistance against Xanthomonas and the cf genes of tomato that confer resistance against Cladosporium fulvum. (wikipedia.org)

Using a cell apoptosis assay based on stimulation of a RANK:Fas fusion protein, and a cellular NF-kappaB signaling assay, we showed that R12-31 was agonist for both species. (cnrs.fr)

Every bacterium hosts inside itself a combination of a toxin (T), usually a protein, and an antitoxin (A), which can be a protein or an RNA molecule. (thehindubusinessline.com)
The world of science can potentially design some peptide or molecule in a way that frees the toxin. (thehindubusinessline.com)
The peptide/molecule should be able to bind with the antitoxin to set the toxin free. (thehindubusinessline.com)

Altogether, this study defines the repertoire of transcription factors that regulate developmental myofiber growth and the role of Gsk3/Deaf1/glycolysis in this process. (sdbonline.org)

The sequence space rises exponentially with polypeptide length, ensuring that even small proteins of 100 aa would be vastly outnumbered by useless ones. (evolutionnews.org)
to determine what fraction of sequence space can generate such beneficial functions and which factors constrain how rapidly a proto-peptide/protein can be fine-tuned in its cellular function and how the initial fitness costs can be reduced . (evolutionnews.org)
12] These errors, mutations, can affect an organism's phenotype, especially if they occur within the protein coding sequence of a gene. (mercinewyork.com)

We wish to understand at a molecular level how specific eukaryotic proteins are selected for rapid degradation even while most proteins are spared. (yale.edu)
The possible roles of molecular hydrogen, a common by-product of bacterial fermentation, are also addressed. (techscience.com)
Molecular cloning and characterization of rat genes encoding homologues of human beta-defensins. (lookformedical.com)
Therefore, biotinylation is widely used in biomedical fields, and biotinylated proteins are widely used in biotechnology as a molecular tool. (newyorktimesnow.com)

These target genes can include the LuxI coding region in order ton make a positive feedback loop. (igem.org)
Target genes activated by hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) decrease the dependence of the cell on oxygen, whereas Ras, Myc, and Akt can also upregulate glucose consumption and glycolysis. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
The transcription factor RBPJ forms a coactivator complex in the presence of a Notch signal, whereas it represses Notch target genes in the absence of a Notch stimulus. (uni-ulm.de)

Within the NBS-LRR class of R genes are two subclasses: One subclass has an amino-terminal Toll/Interleukin 1 receptor homology region (TIR). (wikipedia.org)
The dsRNA acts like a trigger for the production of interferon (via Toll Like Receptor 3 ( TLR 3 ) a pattern recognition receptor of the innate immune system which leads to activation of the transcription factor IRF3 and late phase NF kappa Beta). (wikidoc.org)
ELAC1 has been in the use and may as define as an RNase Z. In pyrophosphates subfamilies are transcribed from coupling tubules in the function by a two receptor chromatin that appears ultraviolet from protein threatening( reviewed in Popow et al. (evakoch.com)
In addition, mice in which the receptor gene for TNFα has been knocked out are resistant to alcohol-induced liver injury[ 5 ]. (wjgnet.com)

Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)

Of 1,107/225/1,141 rumen microbial genera/metagenome assembled uncultured genomes (RUGs)/genes identified from whole metagenomics sequencing, 194/14/337 had significant host genomic effects (heritabilities ranging from 0.13 to 0.61), revealing that substantial variation of the microbiome is under host genomic control. (nature.com)

Addition of D -alanine to TAs reduces the negative charge of the cell envelope thereby preventing cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) from reaching their target of action on the bacterial surface. (frontiersin.org)
beta-Defensins are cationic peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that are produced by epithelia at mucosal surfaces. (lookformedical.com)
beta-Defensins are cationic peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that may play a role in mucosal defenses of several organs. (lookformedical.com)

The second ben/cat operon was located in a 92-kb scaffold along with (i) an operon ( opp ) comprising genes for the transformation of OPP to BA and 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate (and genes for its transformation) and (ii) an incomplete biphenyl catabolic operon ( bph ). (nature.com)
Transcription of the aml operon is significantly repressed in the wild type when growing on glucose and repression is absent in an Δ amlR deletion mutant. (frontiersin.org)

Gene Ontology (GO), KEGG, and cancer genomics analyses were performed to identify significant functions, pathways, and the associations of differentially expressed mRNAs. (jcancer.org)

Flor showed that the inheritance of both resistance in the host and parasite ability to cause disease is controlled by pairs of matching genes. (wikipedia.org)
One is a plant gene called the resistance (R) gene. (wikipedia.org)
Gene-for-gene relationships are a widespread and very important aspect of plant disease resistance. (wikipedia.org)
This includes the N resistance gene of tobacco against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). (wikipedia.org)
The protein products encoded by this class of resistance gene are located within the plant cell cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
LRRs are involved in protein-protein interactions, and the greatest variation amongst resistance genes occurs in the LRR domain. (wikipedia.org)
Most resistance genes are autosomal dominant but there are some, most notably the mlo gene in barley, in which monogenic resistance is conferred by recessive alleles. (wikipedia.org)
Zita Aušrelė Kučinskienė, Member of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences, Professor and Head of the Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine of Vilnius University, seconds that: "Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a global problem. (bioseka.eu)

One of the few antigens against which mammals develop protective immunity is the highly polymorphic OspC protein, encoded by the ospC gene on the cp26 plasmid. (cdc.gov)

The major classes are the NBS-LRR genes and the cell surface pattern recognition receptors (PRR). (wikipedia.org)
Also, all applications where a bacterial cell will be used within a eukaryotic organism (medical applications) are far from being ethically approved. (igem.org)
Model of acyl-HSL quorum sensing in a single generalized bacterial cell. (igem.org)
One such protein that we study, SUMO, is attached to many proteins and is crucial for cell-cycle progression. (yale.edu)
The Ubl called SUMO is attached to many proteins in vivo and is crucial for cell-cycle progression. (yale.edu)
These flagella have been engineered to act as pores or channels that direct proteins produced by the cell to exit the cell into the surrounding media. (pharmasalmanac.com)
Salmonella Typhi, Paratyphi A, Enteritidis and Typhimurium core proteomes reveal differentially expressed proteins linked to the cell surface and pathogenicity. (cdc.gov)
The total chromosomal content of a cell involves approximately 105 genes in a specialized macromolecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (cdc.gov)

However, Pto is a resistant gene that can detect AvrPto and induce immunity as well. (wikipedia.org)
By means of DNA sequencing of a large sample collection of the pathogen from across the United States, we studied the gene for the bacterium's highly diverse OspC protein, protective immunity against which develops in animals. (cdc.gov)

Complex formation then triggers a signaling cascade that culminates in the transcription of the interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) and additional transcription factors. (rndsystems.com)
When the population increases, the signal concentration elevates and at a threshold level the acyl-HSLs come in interaction with transcription factors like the LuxR proteins. (igem.org)
Cooperative activity of GR with other transcription factors and a plethora of coregulators contribute to the tissue- and context-specific response toward the endogenous and pharmacological glucocorticoids (GCs). (uni-ulm.de)
Systematic Analysis of ZnCys Transcription Factors. (prelekara.sk)
Systematic Analysis of ZnCys Transcription Factors Required for Development and Pathogenicity by High-Throughput Gene Knockout in the Rice Blast Fungus. (prelekara.sk)
If the bait and prey proteins indeed interact then the two factors fused to these two proteins are also brought into proximity with each other. (genomicglossaries.com)

the creation of a large number of compounds (usually proteins or peptides) through technologies such as phage display . (genomicglossaries.com)

After epidermal injury, barrier repair requires activation of many wound response genes in epidermal cells surrounding wound sites. (sdbonline.org)
This paper explores the involvement of the Toll/NF-kappaB pathway in the localized activation of wound repair genes around epidermal breaks. (sdbonline.org)
No. 4,743,679 which discloses a process for the production of human epidermal growth factor comprising cleavage of a fusion protein by Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. (justia.com)

In addition, gain of JNK signalling results in Toll pathway activation, revealed by stimulated transcription of Drosomycin ( Drs ) and increased cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of Dorsal. (sdbonline.org)

The Pm promoter does not operate via a repressor mechanism but rather requires a benzoic acid external inducer to bind to the transcription regulator to turn it on. (pharmasalmanac.com)

For example, even if comprehensive insertion libraries are produced, it is inevitable that some genes, especially the shortest ones, could elude insertion and be spuriously annotated as essential, while transposon insertions that occur at gene ends and do not fully inactivate the function could lead to genes being incorrectly classified as non-essential. (biomedcentral.com)

This ligase attaches ubiquitin to both nuclear regulatory proteins and to misfolded membrane proteins degraded at the ER (ER-associated degradation or ERAD). (yale.edu)
Plays a pivotal role in the protein quality control system, ensuring the correct folding of proteins, the re-folding of misfolded proteins and controlling the targeting of proteins for subsequent degradation. (cusabio.com)

Anatomy11

Organisms12

Chemicals and Drugs119

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes86

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Enzymes9

Genetic4

Molecules14

Escherichia5

Pathogens3

Putative5

Lipopolysaccharide3

Polypeptides5

Biosynthesis4

Viral4

Bacteria13

Infection3

Functional6

Drosophila4

Antibodies2

Expression23

Humans5

Kinase5

Affinity6

Synthesis3

Infections3

Regulation2

Biofilms1

MRNA4

Strains4

Pseudomonas2

Specificity4

Recombinant7

Transcriptional4

Fragments1

Cytokine3

Bona fide2

Flagellin2

Eukaryotic cells2

Nucleic2

Intracellular1

Salivary2

Confer1

Species1

Molecule3

Regulate1

Sequence3

Molecular4

Target genes3

Receptor4

Cellular1

Genomes1

Cationic3

Operon2

Pathways1

Resistance8

Antigens1

Cell8

Immunity2

Factors6

Phage1

Epidermal3

Drosomycin1

Mechanism1

Shortest1

Degradation2