Pathways gene cancers checkpoint kinase 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

RT can directly induce cancer cell death through various mechanisms, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. (nature.com)
Tumour suppression is achieved via the inhibition of cell division, induction of apoptosis (cell death) to remove altered cells, DNA damage repair, and inhibition of mechanisms that cause spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body (metastasis). (biotopics.co.uk)
NIMA (never-in-mitosis gene A)-related kinase 1 (Nek1) is shown to impact on different cellular pathways such as DNA repair, checkpoint activation, and apoptosis. (uni-frankfurt.de)
However, in established cancer cells, such DNA repair system may prevent further DNA damage in their progeny and decrease in apoptosis resulting in enhancement of tumor growth. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, in addition to its checkpoint control function, hRad9 may play a role in regulating apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Abnormal metabolism and the evasion of apoptosis are considered hallmarks of cancers. (hindawi.com)
In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining, and transwell assay were employed to test the proliferation, apoptosis, migration ability, and invasiveness of COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
These paclitaxel resistant ovarian cells demonstrate: (1) Increased IC 50 for paclitaxel and docetaxel (10 to 75-fold) and cross-resistance to anthracyclines (2) Reduced cell apoptosis in the presence of paclitaxel (3) Gene depletion involving mitotic regulators BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase, cyclin BI (CCNB1), centromere protein E (CENPE), and centromere protein F (CENPF), and (4) Functional data validating gene depletion among mitotic regulators. (biomedcentral.com)
These include regulation of cell cycle, activation of mitochondrial pathway, induction of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, induction of apoptosis, modulation of oxidative stress, amelioration of inflammation, modulation of insulin signaling and inhibition of angiogenesis. (mdpi.com)
Treating SCCHN cell lines with a pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor resulted in defective cytokinesis, polyploidy and apoptosis, which was effective irrespective of the EGFR status. (oncotarget.com)
Our results demonstrate that combined targeting of EGFR and Aurora kinases represents a therapeutic means to activate cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis in SCCHN. (oncotarget.com)
To investigate the mechanism of EESR-mediated cytotoxicity, HT29 cells were treated with various concentrations of EESR and the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and Western blot analysis. (jcpjournal.org)
Cancer cells can grow unusually via limitless number of cell division and can avoid apoptosis. (jcpjournal.org)
6 , 7 Therefore, the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis is being an important preventive strategy against cancer. (jcpjournal.org)
p53 is a transcription factor that participates in cell cycle checkpoint processes and apoptosis. (lu.se)

Immunotherapy mainly includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as inhibitors of PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). (nature.com)
AIMS: Studies in the past have shown that inhibition of the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase sensitizes cancer cells to genotoxic anticancer treatments, however, clinical use of ATR inhibitors in combination with DNA damaging chemotherapy is limited due to toxicity in healthy tissues. (bvsalud.org)
Inhibitors of the glycolytic pathway, such as dichloroacetic acid (DCA) and 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) are now being used in clinical studies as potential anticancer agents. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Cancer patients whose tumours are driven by the loss of function of both copies of a predisposition gene may benefit from therapies targeting the biological alterations induced by the dysfunctional gene e.g. poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and other novel pathway agents in cancers with DNA repair deficiencies. (nih.gov)
The emergence of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), antiangiogenics and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer. (frontiersin.org)
Before recent authorization of atezolizumab and today nivolumab, both checkpoint inhibitors, in the second-line establishing for mUC, no fresh therapy have buy Alvimopan monohydrate been authorized for mUC in over 30 years. (crispr-reagents.com)
This review talks about the biology of immune system devastation of bladder tumor cells, rising immunotherapy remedies for bladder cancers in various levels of clinical advancement as monotherapy and in buy Alvimopan monohydrate conjunction with other immune system therapies, chemotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, cytokines, vaccines, adoptive cell therapies, as well as the advancement of book immune-based biomarkers. (crispr-reagents.com)
System of actions of checkpoint inhibitors Ipilimumab, a first-in-class immune system checkpoint monoclonal antibody (mAb), was accepted by the FDA in 2011. (crispr-reagents.com)
In a Phase II study, MD Anderson researchers showed that a regimen of neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment with checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, and relatlimab, a LAG-3 inhibitor, was safe and effective in patients with resectable clinical stage III melanoma. (mdanderson.org)
A phase 1 study including up to 90 individuals with stage IIIB and IV NSCLC will test the safety and efficacy of oral azacitidine administration in combination with pembrolizumab vs. combination therapies of epigenetically active providers with standard chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or kinase inhibitors. (unambitiousus.com)
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective in the treatment of some hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), but these tumors do not always respond to inhibitors of programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1, also called PD1). (stanford.edu)

If a mutation occurs in the proto-oncogene, producing an oncogene , more of these proteins are produced and this leads to unregulated cell division, a slower rate of cell differentiation and increased inhibition of the normal cell death, so cells build up, causing cancer and forming a tumour. (biotopics.co.uk)
Inhibition of ATR in auranofin-treated cancer cells resulted in unscheduled firing of dormant DNA replication origins, abrogation of the S phase cell cycle checkpoint and extensive DNA breakage, leading to replication catastrophe and potent synergistic lethality. (bvsalud.org)
Although ATR inhibition was recently confirmed to show a synergistic inhibitory effect in PTEN-deficient triple-negative breast cancer cells, the molecular mechanism needs to be further elucidated. (bvsalud.org)
AMPK is often considered a metabolic checkpoint as it can control cell proliferation when activated under energetic stress, and activation of AMKP results in the inhibition of mTOR activity. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Combined Aurora kinase and EGFR targeting using a monoclonal anti-EGFR antibody was more effective compared to single EGFR and Aurora kinase inhibition. (oncotarget.com)
Proof that inhibition from the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway offers medical activity in individuals with mUC opened buy Alvimopan monohydrate up the door towards the analysis of additional immune system therapies, either as solitary agents or in conjunction with a broad selection of agents, in order to increase the quantity of individuals who react to T-cell checkpoint blockade. (crispr-reagents.com)
Recent surveys along with the HDACi trichostatin A display that JAK2/STAT3 signaling was lowered by upregulation of your phrase of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 3 and 1 genes.40 A potential strong impact in the HDAC inhibition for the phosphorylation of FLT3, STAT5 and JAK2 was not examined with this study. (immune-source.com)
This disparity can be quite a result of modulation of other genes furthermore FLT3 and JAK2V617F-ITD by HDAC inhibition. (immune-source.com)

We have also demonstrated previously overexpression of Rad9 mRNA in a number of primary breast tumors and the increased Rad9 mRNA was correlated with an increased risk of local recurrence and tumor proliferation, suggesting that Rad9 is an oncogene in breast cancer [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
As one of the prevalent tumors worldwide, gastric cancer (GC) has obtained sufficient attention in its clinical management and prognostic stratification. (impactaging.com)
Gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent tumors, with the fifth-highest incidence and fourth-highest mortality rate all over the world [ 1 ]. (impactaging.com)
This review article focuses on the role of honey in modulating the development and progression of tumors or cancers. (mdpi.com)
The article also underscores the various possible mechanisms by which honey may inhibit growth and proliferation of tumors or cancers. (mdpi.com)
DDR1 and DDR2 showed mutually exclusive gene expression patterns in human tumors. (tempus.com)
Previously, selleckchem we established that publicity to nicotine activates Raf and PKC pathways in Rat or murine lung epithelial or can cer cells, which facilitate the genesis and advancement of tumors. (casr-signal.com)
Among the different pharmacological activities reported (antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral, immunomodulating, antidiabetic, etc.), edible/medicinal mushrooms have been shown to exert in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects on several kinds of tumors, including breast cancer. (encyclopedia.pub)
Aggressive tumors typically demonstrate a high glycolytic rate, which results in resistance to radiation therapy and cancer progression via several molecular and physiologic mechanisms. (springer.com)
Several Phase II clinical trials conducted by researchers from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center show promising results for patients with melanoma, breast cancer, HER2-positive tumors and ovarian cancer. (mdanderson.org)
p53, mdm-2, p21, and mib-1 expression were assessed by immunohistochemical methods in primary tumors derived from 134 patients who took part in a randomized multicenter trial comparing docetaxel to sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (MF) in advanced breast cancer. (lu.se)
Interestingly, tumors with both negative mdm-2 and p21 expression, irrespective of p53 status, had a high response rate to docetaxel but no response to MF. (lu.se)
This theory holds that tumors arise from 1 of 2 undifferentiated stem cells: the excretory duct reserve cell or the intercalated duct reserve cell. (medscape.com)

Here, we report the association of Polo-like kinase (PLK) 3 expression and Caspase 8 T273 phosphorylation levels with survival among patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) treated with CRT plus BT. (uni-frankfurt.de)

However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
10 Genes that, when activated, contribute to the carcinogenesis are generally termed proto-oncogenes. (bmj.com)
The mutated forms of these genes are referred to as oncogenes. (bmj.com)
These factors may cause mutations or abnormal expression of certain oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, leading to the occurrence or development of CRC [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
miRNAs expressed in a wide variety of human cancers can regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of the target mRNAs and act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate cell signaling pathways, affecting tumorigenesis and tumor progression [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
In mammalian cells, stimulated oncogenes accompanied by inactivated tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs) are crucial inducements of proliferative stress and induction of cellular senescence, which therefore limit tumor growth [ 3 - 5 ]. (impactaging.com)

Briefly, miRNAs are expected to account for 1-5% of the human genome and to interfere with at least 30% of the protein-coding genes ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Another important pathway is the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Both protein-truncating variants and some missense substitutions in CHEK2 confer increased risk of breast cancer. (nih.gov)
The study validates our analytic approach to rare missense substitutions and provides a method to combine data from protein-truncating variants and rare missense substitutions into a one degree of freedom per gene test. (nih.gov)
Immunoblotting with and without dephosphorylation was used to define the protein isolated from breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Increased hRad9 protein was observed in breast cancer cells nucleus compared to non-tumor epithelium. (biomedcentral.com)
To further examine the role of hRad9 in breast cancer cells, we now report on the histologic expression of the hRad9 protein and its different molecular forms in primary breast cancer and normal tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to its role in glucose metabolism, this pathway also regulates the redirection of free amino acids to protein synthesis via the mTOR-signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
The GSE13861 and GSE54129 cohorts, single-cell dataset GSE134520, and The Human Protein Atlas (THPA) database were utilized for localization of the key senescence-related genes. (impactaging.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Tyro3-Axl-Mer (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. (cancerindex.org)
Many cancers show aberrant signalling via the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis, activating type 1 IGF receptors (IGF-1Rs) and variant insulin receptors (INSRs) to signal via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-AKT-mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MEK-ERK) [ 1 ]. (nature.com)
Comparing pan-Aurora kinase and Aurora-A targeting hints towards a strong and clinically relevant biological effect mediated via Aurora kinase B. Taken together, our findings characterize a new poor risk group in SCCHN patients defined by elevated EGFR and Aurora-A protein expression. (oncotarget.com)
To demonstrate the utility of CompNet, we have compared a (time-series) human gene-expression dataset, post-infection by two strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , overlaid on the human protein-protein interaction network. (biomedcentral.com)
The ATM gene encodes a large protein that belongs to a family of kinases possessing a highly conserved C-terminal kinase domain related to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase domain. (bmj.com)
8 , 9 The protein is a member of a novel family of large proteins, which show sequence homology to the catalytic domain of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, 3 and are implicated in cell cycle regulation, signal transduction, and the response to DNA damage. (bmj.com)
4 , 10 There is evidence to suggest that these proteins respond to DNA damage by phosphorylating one or more substrates, including p53, c-Abl, and replication protein A (RPA), to recruit proteins to regions of DNA repair and/or to activate radiation signal transduction pathways. (bmj.com)
Microtubule-associated protein MAP1LC3C regulates lysosomal exocytosis and induces zinc reprogramming in renal cancer cells. (uc.edu)
Lipocalin 10 is essential for protection against inflammation-triggered vascular leakage by activating LDL receptor-related protein 2-slingshot homologue 1 signalling pathway. (uc.edu)
Different mutations of EDA gene and EDAR gene could make different influence on the protein function and lead to the occurrence of HED. (bvsalud.org)
The protein product of the murine double minute gene 2 (mdm-2) plays a central role in the regulation of p53. (lu.se)

Patients who are radioresistant respond poorly to RT and may experience cancer progression. (nature.com)
Correspondingly, most cancer signaling pathways seem to converge on one or more TFs, termed "master regulators" (MRs) [ 4 ], which direct tumor development, progression, and metastasis through hierarchical control of gene expression patterns. (aging-us.com)
Work across many laboratories is geared toward elucidating the genetics behind cancer, discovering cellular mechanisms that lead to cancer, and elucidating intracellular and intercellular interactions that allow this progression. (medscape.com)
In head and neck cancer, the histologic progression of severity from hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ to invasion provides a framework to understand the genetic progression of cancer. (medscape.com)
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis, and which plays a critical role in tumor progression in various malignancies. (researchsquare.com)
A vast amount of research exists on the possible molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D affects cancer cell proliferation, cancer progression, angiogenesis, and inflammation. (mdpi.com)
Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
Senescence-related genes are involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of GC. (impactaging.com)
Cancer is an aging disease and cellular senescence plays an essential role in promoting cancer development and tumor progression [ 2 ], suggesting the great potential of senescence-related genes in predicting prognosis and pharmacological response. (impactaging.com)
Ovarian cancer is frequently sensitive to chemotherapy at diagnosis but rapid development of drug resistance leads to disease progression and ultimately death in the majority of patients. (biomedcentral.com)
inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth) showed improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with platinum-resistant or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
There is a pressing need to improve therapy in particular for patients with metastatic disease or local recurrence, where the median progression-free and overall survival is only ~ 6 months and ~11 months, respectively [ 2 - 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Checkpoint control kinases is a term used to describe a group of enzymes that regulate progression of a cell through the cell cycle. (tocris.com)
Furthermore, poorer prognosis in cancer patients who display a glycolytic phenotype characterized by metabolic alterations, such as obesity and diabetes, is now well established, providing another link between metabolic pathways and cancer progression. (springer.com)
Molecular portraits of cell cycle checkpoint kinases in cancer evolution, progression, and treatment responsiveness. (uc.edu)
RON-augmented cholesterol biosynthesis in breast cancer metastatic progression and recurrence. (uc.edu)
Here at Stanford, I am using different genome editing tools and mouse models to investigate the role of macrophages in promoting tumor progression and immune tolerance in liver cancer. (stanford.edu)
p53, mdm-2, p21, and mib-1 expression were not significantly associated with response to chemotherapy, time to progression, or overall survival in the whole patient population or in the docetaxel group. (lu.se)

As one of the four major means of cancer treatment including surgery, radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy, immunotherapy, RT can be applied to various cancers as both a radical cancer treatment and an adjuvant treatment before or after surgery. (nature.com)
The emergence of immunotherapy has recently disrupted the paradigm of traditional cancer treatment (including the three traditional treatments RT, chemotherapy, and surgery), and immunotherapy functions by activating the body's immune system to fight cancer. (nature.com)
Ovarian cancer is the leading gynecologic cancer diagnosed in North America and because related symptoms are not disease specific, this often leads to late detection, an advanced disease state, and the need for chemotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
Symptoms are not disease specific and often overlap with other common gastrointestinal and gynecological conditions, which can result in late detection, an advanced disease state, and the need for chemotherapy [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Platinum-based combination chemotherapy is recommended first choice for relapsed ovarian cancer. (frontiersin.org)
There is a need to explore long-term treatments of chemotherapy-free regimen of chronic kidney disease in recurrent ovarian cancer. (frontiersin.org)
Despite maximal cytoreduction at the time of primary surgery and platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy, 70-80% of patients with advanced ovarian cancer will relapse ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
Women with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer (PSROC) can be treated with secondary cytoreductive surgery (SCS) and chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone. (frontiersin.org)
However, renal impairment is a common serious complication of chemotherapy in ovarian cancer ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
Today, it constitutes the standard of care for many cancer patients, along with surgery and chemotherapy. (springer.com)
In breast cancer patients, it is unclear whether measuring p53, mdm-2, or p21 expression provides information on how patients will respond to chemotherapy. (lu.se)

Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)

A mutation, or (increased or abnormal) methylation, in a tumour suppressor gene may adversely affect the expression or transcription of the gene so that the amino acid sequence and hence the primary structure of its polypeptide product is altered. (biotopics.co.uk)
However, no large-scale study has used full open reading frame mutation screening to assess the contribution of rare missense substitutions in CHEK2 to breast cancer risk. (nih.gov)
Previously, we adapted an in silico assessment of missense substitutions used for analysis of unclassified missense substitutions in BRCA1 and BRCA2 to the problem of assessing candidate genes using rare missense substitution data observed in case-control mutation-screening studies. (nih.gov)
Here we used this approach to analyze CHEK2 mutation-screening data from a population-based series of 1,303 female breast cancer patients and 1,109 unaffected female controls. (nih.gov)
and (3) post hoc power calculations implied that scaling up case-control mutation screening to examine entire biochemical pathways would require roughly 2,000 cases and controls to achieve acceptable statistical power. (nih.gov)
The association between mutation of the ATM gene and a high incidence of lymphoid malignancy in patients with AT, together with the development of lymphoma in Atm deficient mice, supports the proposal that inactivation of the ATM gene may be of importance in the pathogenesis of sporadic lymphoid malignancy. (bmj.com)
In a nonrandomized, open-label Phase II study, MD Anderson researchers demonstrated that talazoparib, a PARP inhibitor, showed activity in patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutation-positive, early HER2-negative breast cancer. (mdanderson.org)
The study enrolled 61 patients with stage I-III breast cancer and a germline BRCA mutation who were treated with talazoparib for 24 weeks prior to surgery. (mdanderson.org)
Objective: To detect gene mutation in patients with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) by using whole exome sequencing, to analyze the pathogenicity of the mutations, and to provide reference for the genetic diagnosis of HED patients. (bvsalud.org)
The EDAR gene mutation founded in this research was reported in HED patients for the first time. (bvsalud.org)
Conclusions: Three reported mutations of EDA gene and a previously unreported mutation of EDAR gene were detected in four HED families. (bvsalud.org)

This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
9 The exact number and nature of genetic alterations and deregulated signalling pathways required for tumorigenesis remains an issue of debate, 10 although it is now clear that central nervous system (CNS) carcinogenesis requires multiple disruptions to the normal cellular circuitry. (bmj.com)

An Introduction and Overview of RON Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling. (uc.edu)

In this review, we discuss the changes in irradiated cancer cells and immune cells in the TME under different RT regimens and describe existing and potential molecules that could be targeted to improve the therapeutic effects of RT. (nature.com)
Plants are natural reservoirs of novel compounds and provide a promising therapeutic approach for treatment of cancer. (researchsquare.com)
Targeting replication stress response is currently emerging as new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment, based on monotherapy and combination approaches. (bvsalud.org)
As a key sensor in response to DNA damage, ataxia telangiectasia and rad3-related (ATR) kinase has become a potential therapeutic target as tumor cells are to rely heavily on ATR for survival. (bvsalud.org)
The relationship between miRNAs and cancer was demonstrated for the first time in 2002, with miRNAs being stated as a potential mechanism that may contribute to improve some cancer therapeutic approaches through restoring or blocking the miRNAs function ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)
As the authors mention, this subtype of breast cancer has rightly been the subject of extensive research due to its lack of therapeutic targets and poor prognosis. (cancernetwork.com)
To summarize, multiplatform comprehensive analysis of kinases discovered potential drivers of PSCC and actionable therapeutic targets. (oncotarget.com)
Paclitaxel is a frontline therapy used to treat advanced ovarian cancer, and in many instances, paclitaxel is combined with platinum based therapeutic drugs, such as carboplatin to improve overall survival [ 4 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Lastly, through gene expression profiling we have demonstrated disruption of the spindle assembly checkpoint in the paclitaxel resistant cell lines, indicating a potential therapeutic pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Cancer Cell Metabolism: Unique Features Inform New Therapeutic Opportunities. (nyas.org)

AXL, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is commonly overexpressed in several solid tumours and numerous hematopoietic malignancies including acute myeloid leukaemia, acute lymphocytic leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma. (cancerindex.org)
EGFR belongs to a household from the receptor tyrosine kinases and functions as being a mediator to transmit cell sig naling initiated by extracellular growth factors towards the nucleus. (casr-signal.com)

Mutations in tumor suppressor genes such as LKB1, involved in AMPK activation, have been identified in certain cancers. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The multihit model postulates that several unique genetic mutations combine to cause cancer. (medscape.com)
In colorectal cancer, multiple mutations are present. (medscape.com)
For example, in the hereditary cancer syndromes familial adenomatous polyposis or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, mutations have been discovered in the APC gene and DNA mismatch repair genes. (medscape.com)
Although the exact process has not been elucidated, the sum of these mutations is believed to lead to cancer development in this model. (medscape.com)
The loss of proper response to DNA damage leads to genomic instability such as gene mutations, incomplete replication and the loss or gain of chromosomes to future generations. (biomedcentral.com)
These alterations can take the form of epigenetic modifications, point mutations, translocations, amplifications or deletions and modify gene functions in ways that deregulate cellular signalling pathways leading to the cancer phenotype. (bmj.com)
Ingenuity pathway analysis was performed to integrate elevated kinase activity and gene over-expression with coexisting missense mutations at DNA level. (oncotarget.com)
Potentially relevant missense mutations were seen in 176 kinase genes, with the top altered pathways overlapping with gene overexpression being GNRH, NF-kB and STAT3 signaling. (oncotarget.com)
The most common mutations identified were in the PI3 K (PIK3CA, TSC1 and ATM) (4/11 patients) and TP53 (3/11) pathways. (cancerindex.org)
Several genetic alterations have been described in SCCHN, including mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and mutations in genes that encode cell cycle proteins such as p16 and cyclin D1. (oncotarget.com)
Frequent inactivating mutations of the ATM gene have been reported in patients with rare sporadic T cell prolymphocytic leukaemia (T-PLL), B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL), and most recently, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). (bmj.com)
The presence of inactivating mutations, together with the deletion of the normal copy of the ATM gene in some patients with T-PLL, B-CLL, and MCL, establishes somatic inactivation of the ATM gene in the pathogenesis of lymphoid malignancies, and strongly suggests that ATM functions as a tumour suppressor. (bmj.com)
Whole exome sequencing and sanger sequencing were performed to detect gene mutations. (bvsalud.org)
Bioinformatics tools predicted that the mutations of EDA gene detected in this study were highly species conserved and disease-causing. (bvsalud.org)

p21 and other tumor suppressor genes' inactivation are therefore most likely involved in the first steps of the cancer model, with later stages possibly involving protooncogene activation and inflammation. (medscape.com)
These genetic alterations result in either activation or inactivation of specific gene functions that contribute to the process of carcinogenesis. (bmj.com)

One study reported an increased survival benefit with simultaneous RT compared with sequential administration, 8 while another study found no significant difference between the two strategies, 9 possibly because simultaneous RT plus immunotherapy and the administration of an ICI before RT may kill cancer cells as well a substantial number of immune cells, leading to poor systemic response and toxic side effects. (nature.com)
Reason for review T-cell checkpoint blockade has turned into a active immunotherapy for bladder malignancy. (crispr-reagents.com)

Additionally, whether the PTEN-deficient breast cancer cells are more preferentially sensitized than PTEN-wild type breast cancer cells to cisplatin plus ATR inhibitor remains unanswered. (bvsalud.org)
We demonstrate PTEN dysfunction promotes the killing effect of ATR blockade through the use of RNA interference for PTEN and a highly selective ATR inhibitor VE-821, and certify that VE-821 (1.0 µmol/L) aggravates cytotoxicity of cisplatin on breast cancer cells, especially PTEN-null MDA-MB-468 cells which show more chemoresistance than PTEN-expressing MDA-MB-231 cells. (bvsalud.org)
Inhibitor of checkpoint kinase CHK1 was identified as a top screen hit. (nature.com)
EESR induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner by modulating cyclin B, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), and CDK inhibitor p21 expression. (jcpjournal.org)
Consistent because of this, related in vitro synergy was discovered within the JAK2 wt Establish-2 tissue and F36-P microscopic cells but not in FLT3 mutant mobile product lines using the precise pan-JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib in conjunction with pracinostat (records not demonstrated). (immune-source.com)
It really has been demonstrated formerly that phosphorylation of H3 (on S10) contributes to improved productivity of your following H3 acetylation, contributing to synergistic modifications of gene expression.44 Pacritinib, and also aiming for JAK2, can be a potent FLT3 inhibitor. (immune-source.com)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is not a single entity but a heterogeneous group of diseases that are characterized by the low or absent expression of the most common receptors tested in the clinical setting: the estrogen receptor alpha (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). (cancernetwork.com)

The PI3K pathway is considered to be a major determinant of the glycolytic phenotype through AKT1 and mTOR signaling, and subsequent downstream Hypoxy Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1) transcription factor activation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
For example, a major regulator of metabolism is phosphoinositol 3 kinase (PI3K). (hindawi.com)

Most cases of breast cancer do not 'run in families', but the well-known genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 can increase the risk of developing breast cancer (and also ovarian cancer). (biotopics.co.uk)
Most women have a 12% chance of developing breast cancer in their lifetime, and women with mutated BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes may have as much as an 80% chance, and they are more likely to develop it at an early age. (biotopics.co.uk)
Germline PVs in BRCA1 and BRCA2 play important roles in the development of breast and ovarian cancer in particular, as well as in other cancers such as pancreatic and prostate cancers and melanoma. (nih.gov)
In the era of multigene panel testing, advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have notably reduced costs in the United States (US) and enabled sequencing of BRCA1/2 concomitantly with additional genes. (nih.gov)
This article focuses specifically on BRCA2, while sidelining its sister gene BRCA1, as evidence for a broad cancer spectrum is much stronger for the former. (cdc.gov)

Emerging cancer risks in BRCA2 pathogenic germline variant carriers. (cdc.gov)
From the paper: 'Carriers of pathogenic germline variants (PGV) in BRCA2 could soon be offered gastric cancer screening using gastroscopy. (cdc.gov)

Epidemiologic evidence indicates that lower circulating vitamin D levels are associated with a higher risk of ovarian cancer and that vitamin D supplementation is associated with decreased cancer mortality. (mdpi.com)
We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the effects of vitamin D on ovarian cancer cell. (mdpi.com)
We have generated paclitaxel resistant ovarian cell lines from their corresponding native cell lines to determine driver mechanisms of drug resistance using gene expression arrays. (biomedcentral.com)
We have generated model systems to explore drug resistance in ovarian cancer, which have revealed a key pathway related to the spindle assembly checkpoint underlying paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
Ovarian cancer is the most common gynecological cancer diagnosed in North America and has one of the lowest survival rates among all cancers [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We have generated isogenic paclitaxel resistant cell lines from their corresponding native cell lines which reflect the 3 most common ovarian histologic subtypes, these include serous, clear cell and endometrioid subtypes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Human ovarian cancer cell lines TOV21G (representing clear cell ovarian carcinoma) and TOV112D (representing endometrioid adenocarcinoma) were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA). The human ovarian epithelial-serous cell line COV504 was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). (biomedcentral.com)
In patients with relapsed ovarian cancer, treatment becomes increasingly challenging to subsequent therapies because of renal impairment and emerging drug resistance. (frontiersin.org)
Globally, 313,959 new ovarian cancer cases were estimated in 2020 of which 57,090 are from China ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most common histologic subtype, accounting for over 70% of ovarian cancer cases while low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC) represents about 10% cases ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
Systemic treatment is still the standard of care in relapsed ovarian cancer. (frontiersin.org)
For platinum-resistant or platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer patients, non-platinum drugs such as doxorubicin, paclitaxel, gemcitabine, docetaxel and etoposide are recommended ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
This indicates increased risk of AKI with systemic therapy for ovarian cancer which cannot be ignored. (frontiersin.org)
PARPi such as niraparib and olaparib, are approved by FDA as maintenance therapy for patients with PSROC and as posterior line therapy for patients with BRCA mutated recurrent ovarian cancer. (frontiersin.org)
QUADRA study reported clinical benefit of niraparib in fourth or later line therapy among women with heavily pretreated ovarian cancer, especially in HRD-positive platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
Indeed, while the risks of breast, ovarian, pancreatic and prostate cancer have been documented for years, recent data show an increased risk of gastric cancer, and suggest an association with lung cancer. (cdc.gov)

Anti-programmed cell death 1 (anti-PD-1) and PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint therapies (ICTs) provided durable responses only in a subset of cancer patients. (tempus.com)
Defense therapies for bladder cancers aim to focus on a number of of these guidelines in the immune system cascade to stimulate the creation of Compact disc8+ cytotoxic T cells and organic killer (NK) effector cells, thus propagating a highly effective antitumor response [14]. (crispr-reagents.com)
This symposium presents a remarkable opportunity to convene with other researchers, clinicians, and industry leaders to discuss the extraordinary progress and immense potential of new drug therapies and technologies in paving the way for a brighter future in cancer treatment. (nyas.org)
The number of approved cancer therapies is increasing rapidly. (msdmanuals.com)

The increased cytotoxic activity is tied to the enhanced poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and consequently cell death due to the decrease in phosphorylation levels of checkpoint kinases 1 and 2 (CHK1/2), the reduction of radiation sensitive 51 (RAD51) foci and the increase in phosphorylation of the histone variant H2AX (Î³-H2AX) foci (P (bvsalud.org)

2011. Regulation of cancer cell metabolism. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The activity of NEK6 plays important roles in mitotic spindle kinetochore fiber formation, metaphase-anaphase transition, cytokinesis, and checkpoint regulation [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Previous evidence points to numerous components of the spindle assembly checkpoint and mitotic regulation playing a major role in several cancers [ 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Emerging evidence signifies that upon activation, some of EGFR or its relatives members in cancer cells relocate on the nucleus, where they par ticipate from the regulation of gene transcription, cell cycle checkpoints and DNA restore. (casr-signal.com)
In normal cells, each stage of the cell cycle is tightly regulated, however in cancer cells many genes and proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle are mutated or over expressed. (tocris.com)

We are currently pursuing a number of these molecules in an effort to demonstrate their biochemical, structural and functional relevance in human cancers. (pennmedicine.org)
Our laboratory is involved in the elucidation of the mechanisms by which KSHV persists and establishes persistent infection in the associated human cancers. (pennmedicine.org)

The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)

The potential of DDR - driven signatures to predict ICT response was evaluated and independently validated through a statistical framework in bladder and lung cancer cohorts. (tempus.com)
In the longer term, some might even take part in lung cancer screening programs. (cdc.gov)
Assessing a Polygenic Risk Score for Lung Cancer Susceptibility in Non-Hispanic White and Black Populations. (cdc.gov)
Methods: We used a previously published lung cancer PRS based on 80 SNPs associated with lung cancer risk in the OncoArray cohort and validated in UK Biobank. (cdc.gov)
The PRS was evaluated for association with lung cancer risk adjusting for age, sex, total pack-years, family history of lung cancer, history of COPD, and the top five principal components for genetic ancestry. (cdc.gov)
Smokers with extreme phenotypes of high and low risk of developing tobacco-associated lung cancer have different genetic profiles, according to a multidisciplinary study conducted by specialists from the Cancer Center at the University of Navarra Clinic (CUN). (cdc.gov)
The study was conducted using DNA from 133 heavy smokers who had not developed lung cancer at a mean age of 80 years, and from another 116 heavy smokers who had developed this type of cancer at a mean age of 50 years. (cdc.gov)
The frequency of the type of neoplasm was higher for lung cancer, followed by malignant colon tumor. (cdc.gov)

During RT, alterations in signaling pathways result in changes in the local immune microenvironment. (nature.com)
Top pathways upregulated in both the kinase activity and gene expression platforms were PTEN, STAT3, GNRH, IL-8 and B cell receptor signaling. (oncotarget.com)
Amid these kinases, Src acted being a critical regulator to hyperlink nAChR signaling to EGFR and ERK1 two. (casr-signal.com)
Some of these natural mushroom compounds have demonstrated specific activity against signaling pathways that are aberrantly activated in cancer cells and have been shown to negatively modulate specific molecular targets involved in cell proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis [ 10 ] [ 11 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
T-cell immunity is certainly regulated with a stability of stimulatory and inhibitory indicators mediated by costimulatory and coinhibitory signaling pathways. (crispr-reagents.com)
Intrinsic factors include chronically activated proliferative, invasive, and antiapoptotic signaling pathways. (springer.com)
Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)

This gene encodes a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. (cancerindex.org)
This allows the binding of different proteins that ultimately prohibit the RNA polymerase to access this area and may consequently silence the respective gene.3 Histones are nuclear proteins around which the DNA is wrapped. (unambitiousus.com)

We are using genetics, genomics and biochemical approaches to establish unknown pathways involved in these cellular events and attempting to develop models that explain how gammaherpesviruses establish transformation in human cells. (pennmedicine.org)

Although RT is an important modality for cancer treatment, the consequential changes caused by RT in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have not yet been fully elucidated. (nature.com)
Furthermore, inflammatory mediators released by irradiated dying cells can attract and regulate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), further killing cancer cells. (nature.com)
In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
Second, GBM therapy is also hampered by the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), 2 which contains various types of non-cancerous cells including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and T lymphocytes. (bmj.com)
The biology of immune system devastation of bladder tumor Tagln cells as well as the advancement of novel biomarkers Bladder cancers, like a great many other malignancies, can evade the disease fighting capability by downregulating tumor-antigen display, inactivating cytotoxic T cells, upregulating immune system checkpoints, and preserving an immunosuppressive microenvironment. (crispr-reagents.com)
I studied the tumor microenvironment of liver cancer during my graduate training in Hong Kong. (stanford.edu)

Prostate Cancer. (powershow.com)
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common male cancer and about 50% of all PCa patients received radiotherapy (RT), despite some of them develop radioresistance. (frontiersin.org)
Among the various types of cancer with increasing prevalence nowadays, prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common in male and the fifth leading cause of death in men. (frontiersin.org)
First, given evidence that IGFs regulate the response to IR, we also found evidence that IGF-1R depletion induced endogenous DNA lesions marked by γH2AX foci in prostate cancer cells [ 10 ]. (nature.com)

These phytochemicals frequently act by means of regulating molecular pathways which are embroiled in development and dissemination of cancer. (researchsquare.com)
Intriguingly, many of these mechanisms utilize the same molecular pathways that are altered through calorie and/or carbohydrate restriction. (springer.com)

Sensitization of cancer cells to conventional drugs using multi-target agents that block survival and oncogenic pathways, alone or in combination, is an emerging strategy to overcome drug resistance. (researchsquare.com)
Recent studies have revealed that AXL contributes to leukaemic phenotypes through activation of oncogenic signalling pathways that lead to increased cell migration and proliferation. (cancerindex.org)

Based on Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) 2020, more than 1.4 million new cases of PCa and 375,304 associated deaths were recorded ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide in 2020 [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Breast cancer (BC) is among the major causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with 2.3 million new cases per year, according to the GLOBOCAN 2020 data [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

A brain-targeted liposomal honokiol and disulfiram/copper codelivery system (CDX-LIPO) was developed for combination therapy via regulating mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway for remodeling tumor metabolism and TIME. (bmj.com)

These effects of honey have been thoroughly investigated in certain cancers such as breast, liver and colorectal cancer cell lines. (mdpi.com)
Colorectal cancer is the second most prevalent malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer death globally, with 694,000 mortalities in 2012. (jcpjournal.org)
1 Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and the second most common in women, representing almost 10% of the global cancer incidence. (jcpjournal.org)
1 Due to its difficulty in early diagnosis, strong invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis, colorectal cancer is highly lethal and aggressively malignant. (jcpjournal.org)

Taken together, the senescence gene-based model may potentially change the management of GC by enabling risk stratification and predicting response to systemic therapy. (impactaging.com)
A study reported acute kidney injury (AKI) in 10880 patients of 163,071 patients on systemic therapy for cancer with an cumulative incidence of 9.3% ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)

8 , 9 Cell cycle program is regulated by cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes. (jcpjournal.org)

Since strong consensus regarding commonly altered MRs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is lacking, we generated a compendium of HCC datasets from 21 studies and identified a comprehensive signature consisting of 483 genes commonly deregulated in HCC. (aging-us.com)
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the five leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. (aging-us.com)
Methylation profile of the promoter CpG islands of 14 "drug-resistance" genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. (wjgnet.com)
To establish the DNA methylation patterns of the promoter CpG islands of 14 "drug-resistance" genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (wjgnet.com)

In response to DNA-damaging agents, the wild-type p53-activated fragment 1 (WAF1 also known as p21) is an important downstream effector in the p53-specific growth arrest pathway. (lu.se)

Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes during in vitro Epstein-Barr virus infection. (pennmedicine.org)
Both DNA hypo- and hyper-methylation are found in malignancy cells, the second option can lead to silencing of tumor suppressor genes6 or of genes that are involved in, e.g., metastasis, angiogenesis, invasion, or immune response by T-cell acknowledgement.7 Table?1 provides a list of currently investigated DNMTi. (unambitiousus.com)

In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, HIF-1 actively limits the mitochondrial consumption of pyruvate at two levels: (i) through the enzyme PDK (PDH-kinase), which in turn inhibits PDH activity preventing the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, and thereby limiting mitochondrial metabolism of pyruvate [ 6 ] and (ii) through the direct activation of LDH [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

[ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
These pre-clinical models were used to observe cytotoxicity, cell cycle modulation and changes in gene expression to examine the mechanisms driving drug resistance. (biomedcentral.com)

NEK6 belongs to the never in mitosis A (NIMA)-related kinases family and is a mitogen/threonine kinase with 313 amino acids. (hindawi.com)

Our HCC signature covered well-established liver cancer hallmarks, and network analyses revealed coordinated interaction between several MRs. One novel MR, SEC14L2 , exerted an anti-proliferative effect in HCC cells and strongly suppressed tumor growth in a mouse model. (aging-us.com)

Hypoxia is commonly found in cancers. (stanford.edu)

Highest ranked abstract, 5th European Breast Cancer conference, Nice, France, 2006Nominated for RCPath's Gold and Specialty Medial Awards 2009. (nottingham.ac.uk)

RT-induced damage to cancer cells leads to different outcomes, such as survival, senescence, or death. (nature.com)
Cancer is characterized as the uncontrolled multiplication and spread of the body's particular cells. (researchsquare.com)
Cancer cells can recur if they are not completely removed. (biotopics.co.uk)
genes that normally control the way cells divide, grow and develop. (biotopics.co.uk)
KEY FINDINGS: Nontoxic doses of auranofin alone increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer but not noncancerous cells, resulting in oxidative DNA damage and activation of the ATR DNA damage response pathway selectively in cancer cells. (bvsalud.org)
Cancer - Cancer When good cells go bad What is cancer? (powershow.com)
Otto Heinrich Warburg demonstrated in 1924 that cancer cells show an increased dependence on glycolysis to meet their energy needs, regardless of whether they were well-oxygenated or not. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Nek1 shRNA HeLa cells were grafted into NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγc−/− (NSG) mice and Nek1 KD was induced by Dox-infused drinking water resulting in a significant cytostatic effect if combined with a 6 h fractionation (3 × 2 Gy) regime. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
Finding of hyperphosphorylated forms of hRad9 in the nucleus of cancer cells is in keeping with its function in ameliorating DNA instability, whereby it inadvertently assists tumor growth. (biomedcentral.com)
Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
Metabolic adaptations of cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
Glucose and glutamine are the 2 major substrates used by cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
The activity of NEK6 is enhanced in several cancer cells, including colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) cells. (hindawi.com)
Cells were exposed to an incremental dose escalation of paclitaxel (2 nM) for approximately 2 passages, up to a final concentration of 25 nM, once paclitaxel resistance was achieved. (biomedcentral.com)
In our latest investigation, we demonstrated that EGFR was activated and subsequently internalized in breast cancer cells in response to nico tine remedy, accompanied from the cascade of your phos phorylation of many intracellular effector kinases. (casr-signal.com)
Using in vitro and xenograft assays, it had been also reported that the ranges of Src and EGFR in colon cancer cells have been substantially enhanced following nicotine publicity. (casr-signal.com)
This is the first demonstration of nicotine induced sensitization of EGFR in benign and malignant breast cancer cells. (casr-signal.com)
EGFR has become proven to mediate no less than two pathways in cancer cells, the cytosolic along with the nuclear pathways. (casr-signal.com)
Defects in the ability of cells to properly respond to and repair DNA damage result in genomic instability and underlie many forms of cancer. (mdanderson.org)
It also highlights strategies for enhancing replicative stress in cancer cells to force mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (tocris.com)
CTLA-4 is within the same superfamily as the T-cell costimulatory molecule Compact disc28, with which it competes for binding with their distributed ligands B7-1 and B7-2 on antigen-presenting cells. (crispr-reagents.com)
Previous studies combining ipilimumab and nivolumab in the neoadjuvant setting for stage III melanoma have shown high pCR rates, which indicates the absence of actively growing cancer cells in tissue removed during surgery but led to high-grade toxicity in 30-40% of patients in the neoadjuvant setting. (mdanderson.org)
Combination strategies often are used with the rationale to epigenetically perfect the malignancy cells by treatment with epigenetically active agents to the activity of the consequently given second agent.2 DNA methylation usually happens by transfer of a methyl group to the cytosine of a cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG), e.g., of gene promoters. (unambitiousus.com)
Posttranslational modifications, such as addition or removal of methyl or acetyl organizations to amino acids within the histones, can lead to a change of conformation and therefore facilitate or hinder access of the transcription element machinery to the DNA.4,5 Reversing the aberrant epigenetic patterns of cancer cells can re-sensitize them to founded treatment, e.g., chemotherapeutics or radiation therapy. (unambitiousus.com)
Our findings indicate that tumor associated macrophages including Kupffer cells, have a profound impact on liver cancer and I am studying the molecular basis for these effects. (stanford.edu)
some mice were given intraperitoneal injections of antibodies against PD1, T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), or CD8 before the cancer cells were injected. (stanford.edu)
Tumor-induced glaucoma may be produced by obstruction of outflow pathways by pigment cells (pigment dispersion syndrome), melanin-laden macrophages (melanomalytic glaucoma), or tumor cells. (medscape.com)
Загальні відомості про терапію злоякісних новоутворень Curing cancer requires eliminating all cells capable of causing cancer recurrence in a person's lifetime. (msdmanuals.com)
The ideal drug would target only cancer cells and have no adverse effects on normal cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Cytotoxic drugs damage DNA and kill many normal cells as well as cancer cells. (msdmanuals.com)
In contrast, other drugs (eg, DNA cross-linkers, also known as alkylating agents) have a linear dose-response relationship, killing more cancer cells at higher doses. (msdmanuals.com)

Over half of cancer patients undergo radiation therapy (RT). (nature.com)
Nek1 knockdown (KD) sensitized both cell lines to ionizing radiation following a single dose irradiation and more pronounced in combination with a 6 h fractionation (3 × 2 Gy) regime. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Human Rad 9 ( hRad9 ) was originally identified as a structural homologue of yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe rad 9 , which can partially rescue the sensitivity of rad 9 null yeast to hydroxyurea, radiation damage and the associated checkpoint defects [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We conclude that CR and KDs may act synergistically with radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer patients and provide some guidelines for implementing these dietary interventions into clinical practice. (springer.com)
Soon after the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895, ionizing radiation was utilized for cancer treatment. (springer.com)
Despite these advancements, several cancer types continue to elude modern treatment techniques with radiation therapy (RT). (springer.com)
Hiroshima, Radiation cancer, Vol. 12. (who.int)

Normally, structural damage of DNA by endogenous and environmental agents is followed by replication checkpoint arrest at the G2/M transition in order to allow for repair before proceeding in the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
These checkpoints may stop the cell cycle after DNA damage, loss of DNA replication or disruption of the mitotic spindle, in order for repair processes to take place. (tocris.com)

A few gene therapy trials now target head and neck cancer, which makes up only 4% of all cancers but has a dismal prognosis in advanced stages. (medscape.com)
A few gene therapy trials now target head and neck cancer, which comprises only 4% of all cancers but has a dismal prognosis in advanced stages. (medscape.com)

Studies carried out over the past three decades suggest that glioblastomas, like other cancers, arise secondary to the accumulation of genetic alterations. (bmj.com)
The AT locus was mapped to the chromosomal region 11q22-23 using genetic linkage analysis in the late 1980s and the causative gene was identified by positional cloning several years later. (bmj.com)
Genetic ablation of diabetes-associated gene Ccdc92 reduces obesity and insulin resistance in mice. (uc.edu)

The activated version of this acts as a transcription factor regulating various gene expression events involved in the development of breast tissue in puberty and pregnancy. (biotopics.co.uk)
Transcription factors (TFs) drive gene expression programs that shape specific phenotypes [ 3 ], and are frequently dysregulated in cancer [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
2) How does chromatin modification at sites of DNA damage regulate DNA repair and transcription? (mdanderson.org)

In the last years, extensive investigation on miRNomics have shown to have great advantages in cancer personalized medicine regarding diagnosis, treatment and even clinical outcomes. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, we correlated Nek1 expression in biopsies of patients with cervical cancer with histopathological parameters and clinical follow-up. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Correlation was then assessed between marker expression and clinical endpoints, including cumulative incidences of local and distant failure, cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). (uni-frankfurt.de)
Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), Berne, Switzerland. (nih.gov)
Further research into the clinical implications of variants in moderate penetrance genes, particularly in unaffected carriers, is needed for appropriate counselling and risk management with data-driven plans for surveillance and/or risk reduction. (nih.gov)
I am the General Secretary of the International Society of Breast Pathology, Breast Specialty Editor of Histopathology, a member of the National Coordinating Committee of Breast Pathology (BIG18), National Institute of Cancer Research (NICR) Breast Clinical Studies Group (CSG) and its Breast Translational Subgroup, Breast Cancer Screening Programme Research Advisory Committee, the Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland Management Committee, and the international Breast Pathology Group. (nottingham.ac.uk)
We analyzed the clinical data and performed immunohistochemistry for Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Aurora kinase A (Aurora-A) expression in 180 SCCHN patients. (oncotarget.com)
As part of our mission to eliminate cancer, MD Anderson researchers conduct hundreds of clinical trials to test new treatments for both common and rare cancers. (mdanderson.org)
Overview Recent clinical proof shows that mUC is usually vunerable to T-cell checkpoint blockade. (crispr-reagents.com)
clinical nutrition as a specialty goes here HN - 2008 BX - Nutrition FX - Diet FX - Food DH - Child Nutrition DI - 052504 MN - SP6.021.062 MS - Nutrition of children aged 2-10 years. (bvsalud.org)

The expression level of NEK6 in esophagitis tissue is similar to that in esophageal adenocarcinoma, and overexpression of the NEK6 gene increases in proportion to the severity of esophagitis [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, mostly women over age 50 who have been through the menopause. (biotopics.co.uk)
The NHS recommends that women who are 50 to 70 years of age should be tested for breast cancer every 3 years as part of their Breast Screening Programme. (biotopics.co.uk)
The genes TP53 and CHEK2 are also associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. (biotopics.co.uk)
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a very challenging entity today, but with the identification of new targets and further optimization of therapy, the landscape for TNBC may not look so negative. (cancernetwork.com)
In the future, "TNBC" may be considered an antiquated misnomer, as we will have identified various breast cancer subgroups based on what they "are" rather than what they "are not. (cancernetwork.com)
This study shows that CHEK2 harbors many rare sequence variants that confer increased risk of breast cancer and that a substantial proportion of these are missense substitutions. (nih.gov)
8 International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland. (nih.gov)
For individuals at high risk without any pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in cancer susceptibility genes or some carriers of pathogenic variants in moderate-risk genes such as ATM and CHEK2, polygenic risk scores offer promise to help stratify breast cancer risk and guide appropriate risk management options. (nih.gov)
hRad9 is a cell cycle checkpoint gene that is up-regulated in breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Distinct microbiological signatures associated with triple negative breast cancer. (pennmedicine.org)
I am medically qualified and gained Master (MSc pathology) and MD degrees in Pathology (by examination) , PhD in Molecular Pathology (Breast Cancer) from UoN and obtained the Fellowship of the Royal College of Pathologists by examination. (nottingham.ac.uk)
I served as a member of Breast Cancer Campaign Scientific Advisory Board and I am a member of the Breast Cancer Now Tissue Access Committee. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Aiming to exploit this effect in therapy we performed a compound screen in five breast cancer cell lines with IGF neutralising antibody xentuzumab. (nature.com)
Anti-Cancer Potential of Edible/Medicinal Mushrooms in Breast Cancer" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/45985 (accessed December 08, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)
In addition, the incidence of breast cancer is expected to further increase, in particular in low- and medium-income countries, due to the effects of a westernized lifestyle, characterized by delayed pregnancies, reduced breastfeeding, low age at menarche, lack of physical activity, and poor diet [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
AT heterozygotes have a slightly increased risk of breast cancer. (bmj.com)

Our results indicate that elevated levels of Nek1 were associated with an increased rate of local or distant failure, as well as with impaired cancer-specific and overall survival in univariate analyses and for most endpoints in multivariable analyses. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Finally, findings from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) validation cohort confirmed a significant association of high Nek1 expression with a reduced disease-free survival. (uni-frankfurt.de)
2 Without treatment, the median survival is approximately 3 months. (bmj.com)
However, many of the chemotherapeutic agents are nephrotoxic and can promote kidney dysfunction, which affect the efficacy of cancer treatment and the survival of the patient. (frontiersin.org)

2] Leh-mann et al have described six subtypes of TNBC based on gene expression profiles,[3] including two basal-like subtypes (BL1 and BL2), as well as immunomodulatory (IM), mesenchymal (M), mesenchymal stem cell-like (MSL), and luminal androgen receptor (LAR) subtypes. (cancernetwork.com)
DDR mRNA expression and gene signature scores were evaluated using BCa-The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 259) and IMvigor210 (n = 298) datasets, and their relationship to BCa subtypes, pathway enrichment, and immune deconvolution analyses was performed. (tempus.com)

Anatomy15

Organisms3

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs128

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Phenomena and Processes79

Information Science3

Health Care2

Apoptosis16

Inhibitors11

Inhibition8

Tumors13

Squamous cell carc1

Oncogenes6

Protein22

Progression18

Chemotherapy11

Metabolic pathways1

Mutation11

Tumorigenesis2

Receptor tyrosi1

Therapeutic11

Tyrosine2

Mutations15

Inactivation2

Immunotherapy2

Inhibitor6

Receptors1

PI3K2

BRCA15

BRCA22

Ovarian16

Therapies4

Phosphorylation levels1

Regulation5

Human cancers2

Cell signalin1

LUNG CANCER8

Signaling7

Proteins2

Genetics1

Microenvironment6

Prostate4

Molecular pathways2

Oncogenic2

20203

MTOR1

Colorectal cancer4

Systemic therapy2

Cyclin1

Hepatocellular carcinoma4

Downstream1

Silencing of tumor2

Metabolism2

Mechanisms2

Mitosis1

Hallmarks1

Commonly1

Abstract1

Cells32

Radiation7

Replication2

Prognosis2

Genetic3

Transcription3

Clinical10

Overexpression1

Breast cancer16

Survival4

Subtypes2