• Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine provides a comprehensive review of the biology of these pathogens, their virulence mechanisms, and the host's response to infection. (cshlpress.com)
  • Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is a gram-negative bacillus and one of the most common gastrointestinal pathogens globally [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The vertebrate host's immune system and resident commensal bacteria deploy a range of highly reactive small molecules that provide a barrier against infections by microbial pathogens. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our extensive experience in the field of anti-H. pylori medicine suggests that clinicians should consider a possible role for unidentified, invisible pathogens to elucidate the pathogenesis and improve the treatment of refractory diseases of unknown etiology. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Torkel Wadström, Division of Bacteriology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Dermatology and Infection, Lund University: "Effects of environmental stress on the production of cell surface proteins and of regulatory and virulence genes by gastrointestinal pathogens (Helicobacter species) and by Lactic Acid Bacteria with relevance for the pathogenesis of chronic infections as well as for applications in the food industry. (lu.se)
  • In case the stomach ulcer-causing Helicobacter strains infecting a person are resistant to a particular antibiotic, additional rounds and an alternative antibiotic group may have to be used to combat the pathogens. (healthhearty.com)
  • As the concept is progressively accepted, mize chronic disease by preventing or treating infections advances in laboratory technology and epidemiology facili- may yet be substantially underestimated. (cdc.gov)
  • Fallone CA. Epidemiology of the antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Canada. (medscape.com)
  • Validation of diagnostic tests and epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in Bangladesh. (oitadepm.com)
  • Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori and CagA-Positive Infections and Global Variations in Gastric Cancer. (oitadepm.com)
  • Integration of microbiology, molecular pathology, and epidemiology: a new paradigm to explore the pathogenesis of microbiome-driven neoplasms. (cdc.gov)
  • It was believed to depend on the virulence of H. pylori strains, but in many studies conducted in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic infection, there were no significant differences in the prevalence of virulent CagA and VacA strains [ 23 - 28 ], although there is still a search for them [ 29 , 30 ]. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
  • The colonization ability of the strains, the intensity of gastritis and gene expression of various inflammatory cytokines in the stomach were determined at 9 weeks after experimental infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • High-level antral colonization was seen for 4 strains, while colonization of 4 other strains was more restricted and one strain was not detected in the stomach at 9 weeks post infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A reduced antral expression of H + /K + ATPase was seen in the stomach after infection with 3 highly colonizing strains and 2 highly colonizing strains caused an increased gastrin expression in the fundus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Leker K, Lozano-Pope I, Bandyopadhyay K, Choudhury BP, Obonyo M. Comparison of lipopolysaccharides composition of two different strains of Helicobacter pylori. (medscape.com)
  • TNF-alpha expression in gastric mucosa of individuals infected with different virulent Helicobacter pylori strains. (medscape.com)
  • Use of an H. pylori whole genome microarray is an effective method to identify differences in gene content between H. pylori strains that induce distinct pathological outcomes in a rodent model of H. pylori infection. (jci.org)
  • Liver cancer is largely caused by infectious hepatitis B virus (HBV) plus hepatitis C virus (HBC) and stomach cancer is largely caused by Helicobacter pylori bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium belonging to genus epsilon bacteria [ 1 , 2 ], measuring 2 to 4 microns long and 0.5 to 1 micron wide, morphologically it can be observed like flagellated bacillus or coccus. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
  • However, it has been indicated that impaired oxygen metabolism is observed in asymptomatic infection [ 34 , 35 ], and the presence or absence of signs of infection depends on many factors, including epigenetic ones - complex interactions between bacteria and the host and environmental factors [ 36 , 37 ]. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
  • Helicobacter pylori are gram-negative, miroaerophilic bacteria responsible for a variety of gastro-duodenal pathologies in the developed and developing world [ 1 ]. (nimml.org)
  • The criteria for the presence of H. pylori infection was the presence and identification of bacteria in pathology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is a type of bacteria that can infect the stomach. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Earlier, we reported the case of an Indian subject with non-ulcer dyspeptic symptoms whose urease positive gastric biopsy revealed the presence of Helicobacter pylori along with non- Helicobacter like bacteria, eventually cultured and identified as O. intermedium strain M86. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several bacteria other than Helicobacter pylori have been detected earlier in gastric biopsies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chronic infection with certain bacteria and viruses may play an important role in inflammation as the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. (drcalapai.com)
  • Helicobacter pylori are bacteria which belong to a class of microorganisms that require oxygen in order to survive but the levels of oxygen required by them is lower than what is present in the Earth's atmosphere. (healthhearty.com)
  • Helicobacter pylori are gram negative bacteria and they are mostly found residing inside the pyloric antrum of which separates the stomach from the duodenum. (healthhearty.com)
  • A Helicobacter infection is one of the most ubiquitous stomach infections all over the world with about two-thirds of the global population carrying these pathogenic bacteria inside their stomachs. (healthhearty.com)
  • The standard mode of treating a Helicobacter infection is to first do away with the pathogenic bacteria and then treat the associated symptoms. (healthhearty.com)
  • CRC screening using guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests (gFOBT) are not recommended for Alaska Native people because of false-positive results associated with a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori -associated hemorrhagic gastritis. (cdc.gov)
  • The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and other risk factors among Mongolian dyspeptic patients who have a high incidence and mortality rate of gastric cancer. (oitadepm.com)
  • Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and its CagA subtypes in gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer at an Austrian tertiary referral center over 25 years. (oitadepm.com)
  • Pounder RE, Ng D. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in different countries. (medscape.com)
  • Dozens of bacterial factors are involved in H. pylori molecular pathogenesis (i.e. flagella, urease, catalase, neutrophil-activating protein Nap-A, vacA and cagA). (nimml.org)
  • Awareness of H.pylori infection is vital due to its high rate of colonization and risk of gastric malignancies. (webmedcentral.com)
  • The clinical implication of this infection in children is still in the evolution phase. (webmedcentral.com)
  • No specific clinical signs have been described in patients with H pylori infection. (medscape.com)
  • Distribution and clinical associations of integrating conjugative elements and cag pathogenicity islands of Helicobacter pylori in Indonesia. (oitadepm.com)
  • Helicobacter pylori infection induces clinical symptoms in 15-20% of subjects, and the reason for this variation is still not clear. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
  • Long-term clinical observations indicate that this is not an innocent infection. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
  • Another issue is to explain why H. pylori infection induces clinical symptoms in only 15-20% of subjects. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
  • Infection is generally asymptomatic not causing clinical symptoms of those infected people. (nimml.org)
  • In the current study, we aimed to compare the clinical manifestations and endoscopic and histopathological findings of patients with and without H. pylori infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A population-based epidemiologic study of Helicobacter pylori infection and its association with systemic inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • The goal of the present study was to determine whether seropositivity to Helicobacter pylori (HP), Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) is associated with systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in healthy male subjects. (drcalapai.com)
  • Given the complexity of the host- H. pylori interactions at the systems level and the broad range of possible outcomes, our team has developed a computational model of the gastric mucosal immune response towards H. pylori infection. (nimml.org)
  • Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of gastro-intestinal diseases such as mucosal da mage, gastro-intestinal ulcers and cancer. (jcps.ac.cn)
  • Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative spiral bacterial, has been associated with peptic ulcers, gastritis, duodenitis, and is believed to be the causative agent of gastric cancer. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
  • The incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) has not been reduced despite the decreasing incidence of peptic ulcers, strategies to eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection, and prophylaxis against ulceration from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • On the other hand, many patients with peptic ulcers are negative for H. pylori infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among all of these, helicobacter pylori infection can significantly increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in human stomach, which can cause the oxidative stress. (jcps.ac.cn)
  • Conclusions IEE findings of the gastric corpus differed between H. pylori -associated and autoimmune gastritis, suggesting different pathogenesis of the two diseases. (thieme-connect.com)
  • The pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastro-duodenal diseases. (sbvjournals.com)
  • Since then, not only peptic ulcer diseases and chronic gastritis but also non-cardia gastric cancers have been recognized as diseases originating from H. pylori infection. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Immunosuppressive drug therapy and any disease (eg, HIV infection) resulting in suppression of the normal inflammatory and immune mechanisms can cause or enhance severe periodontal diseases. (medscape.com)
  • In this cross-sectional study, 233 patients with dyspepsia, referred for endoscopy, were examined regarding the presence of H. pylori infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • H.pylori infection in children differs from that in adults in its prevalence, presence, site and degree of gastric/duodenal inflammation, lesser likelihood of gastric malignancies, problems in diagnosis and higher rate of antibiotic resistance [14]. (webmedcentral.com)
  • Chronic infection with HP may be involved in_the development of the atherosclerosis via endothelial dysfunction and systemic and vascular inflammation. (drcalapai.com)
  • Inflammation, immunity, and vaccines for Helicobacter pylori infection. (medscape.com)
  • Many factors can cause gastric cancer, including helicobacter pylori infection, chronic inflammation, genetic factors et al. (jcps.ac.cn)
  • Viral infections is the cause of liver inflammation, cirrhosis and even liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (bvsalud.org)
  • Foci of infection in the oral cavity arising from chronic periodontitis or chronic periapical abscesses (ie, inflammation and abscess of the tissue attached to the apex of the root) may lead to subacute bacterial endocarditis (BE) and glomerulonephritis (GN). (medscape.com)
  • The biological processes that affect cancer development are also presented, with a focus on sporadic cancer, genomics and susceptibility, gene-environment interactions, and DNA repair, as well as inflammation and its pivotal role in cancer pathogenesis, to name but a few. (who.int)
  • Although the role of H. pylori in non-ulcer dyspepsia is unclear, the rate of infection is high in these patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The laboratory also performs research to understand the genes responsible for resistance, the ways in which resistance is spread, and how antimicrobial-resistant infections differ from antimicrobial-susceptible infections. (cdc.gov)
  • It remains unclear whether the low incidence of gastric cancer in Indonesia is due to low infection rates only or is also related to low Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, the differences in H. pylori infection rates cannot adequately explain differences in the incidence of gastric cancer in the world. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, in addition to host and environmental factors, differences in the incidence of gastric cancer irrespective of H. pylori infection rate can be explained by differences in virulence factors [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Helicobacter pylori infection occurs worldwide, although its exact incidence rate remains unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Northern America (37.1%) and Australia (24.4%) reported the lowest prevalence rates, while Africa (79.1%), Latin America (63.4%), and Asia (54.7%) reported the highest incidence rates of infection [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Objectives: To determine the incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection in cases of Hyperemesis gravidarum. (scirp.org)
  • Genetic host factors in Helicobacter pylori-induced carcinogenesis: emerging new paradigms. (medscape.com)
  • Gao L, Weck MN, Nieters A, Brenner H. Inverse association between a pro-inflammatory genetic profile and Helicobacter pylori seropositivity among patients with chronic atrophic gastritis: enhanced elimination of the infection during disease progression? (medscape.com)
  • Shahid S. Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Children. (webmedcentral.com)
  • The objective of this study was to assess seroprevalence and the associated socioeconomic and sociodemographic characteristics influencing H. pylori infection in children and adults in Polish population. (scienceopen.com)
  • However, bleeding from upper intestinal tract lesions, including erosions, ulcers, and hemorrhagic gastritis from Helicobacter pylori infection ( 5 ) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications ( 6 ) may cause gFOBT false-positive results, as can nonhuman heme from ingesting red meat or ingesting foods with peroxidase activity (eg, spinach). (cdc.gov)
  • Non-invasive tests on breath, stool, serum, urine and saliva can also diagnose H.pylori infection reliably. (webmedcentral.com)
  • Determination of Helicobacter pylori antibodies was done in serum and stool for the two studied groups. (scirp.org)
  • Helicobacter pylori AB in both serum and stool is higher in HEG cases than in normal pregnant females. (scirp.org)
  • Infection with HP, CP, or CMV had no relationship with age, blood pressure, or level of serum glucose, lipid, or soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. (drcalapai.com)
  • Ablation of exaggerated meal-stimulated gastrin release in duodenal ulcer patients after clearance of Helicobacter (Campylobacter) pylori infection. (medscape.com)
  • Viral infections are risk factors for cervical cancer, 80% of liver cancers, and 15-20% of the other cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Infection by some hepatitis viruses, especially hepatitis B and hepatitis C, can induce a long-term viral infection that leads to liver cancer in about 1 in 200 of people infected with hepatitis B each year (more in Asia, fewer in North America), and in about 1 in 45 of people infected with hepatitis C each year. (wikipedia.org)
  • Liver cirrhosis, whether from chronic viral hepatitis infection or excessive alcohol use or some other cause, is independently associated with the development of liver cancer, and the combination of cirrhosis and viral hepatitis presents the highest risk of liver cancer development. (wikipedia.org)
  • They arrive as the first cell type wherever viral, bacterial, or fungal infections occur, or when tissue damage and injury happen. (hrb.ie)
  • A possible role exists for environmental factors such as viral infection and toxins in the light of current evidence. (mpkb.org)
  • Preventing or treating infection or the immune maximizing infection prevention and control. (cdc.gov)
  • Adults and children differ in immune response to H pylori infection. (medscape.com)
  • During chronic H. pylori infection hosts develop complex immune responses to cope with bacterial persistence that result in a variety of outcomes ranging from peaceful co-existence to detrimental disease. (nimml.org)
  • However, a small percentage of infected individuals will ultimately develop duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer due to the inability of the host immune system to clear the infection. (nimml.org)
  • Immunology of Helicobacter pylori: insights into the failure of the immune response and perspectives on vaccine studies. (medscape.com)
  • That's because immunocompromised people have a weakened immune system that makes them more susceptible to infections. (mybacs.com)
  • When did Helicobacter first colonise humans? (scienceopen.com)
  • Little information is available about the pathogenesis of H. heilmannii s.s. infections in humans and it is unknown whether differences in virulence exist within this species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several infection studies in experimental animal models have been performed to investigate the pathogenesis of H. pylori infections in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, little information is available dealing with the pathogenesis of H. heilmannii s.s. infections in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [ 18 ] This suggests that Whipple disease is a manifestation of an abnormal host response to a microorganism that may occur frequently in humans (perhaps in a similar manner to that observed with Helicobacter pylori ). (medscape.com)
  • Intracellular Helicobacter pylori induces temporal waves in macrophage immunity. (nimml.org)
  • Recent evidence suggests mononuclear phagocytes are largely involved in shaping dominant immunity during infection mediating the balance between host tolerance and succumbing to overt disease. (nimml.org)
  • To diagnose H. pylori infection the urea breath test (UBT-13C) and histological analysis were performed. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
  • 13C urea breath test (UBT) has been identified as an accurate, non-invasive, and quick procedure to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) with high sensitivity and specificity. (irosacea.org)
  • This study demonstrates diversity in bacterium-host interactions within the species H. heilmannii s.s. and that the pathogenesis of gastric infections with this microorganism is not identical to that of an H. pylori infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lately, a lot of research has been going into developing a vaccine to prevent invasion of the body and resultant infection by this bacterial species. (healthhearty.com)
  • Helicobacter pylori colonizes half of the world's population as the dominant member of the gastric microbiota resulting in a lifelong chronic infection. (nimml.org)
  • It was concluded that H. pylori infection, as a chronic infection, can be considered a risk factor in developing WML in subjects with migraine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Background and study aims The aim of this study was to elucidate the differences in image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) findings between Helicobacter - pylori -associated and autoimmune gastritis. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has increased worldwide and it is found to be positive in more than 50% of the specimens taken during endoscopy. (sbvjournals.com)
  • RÉSUMÉ L'objectif de cette étude était de mettre au point une méthode rapide et simple permettant d'isoler et de détecter Helicobacter pylori chez des patients dyspeptiques. (who.int)
  • Additionally, we found that H. pylori induces a unique regulatory gene module with an early transient peak during infection including the anti-inflammatory cytokine Il10 . (nimml.org)
  • Results indicated that a Group B salmonella infection was persisting on the unit rather than being brought in with the pigs. (thepigsite.com)
  • Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Polish children and adults depending on socioeconomic status and living conditions. (scienceopen.com)
  • The aim of this study To determine the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infection among pregnant women in Sharkia governorate, Egypt. (bvsalud.org)
  • Several combination therapies consisting of multiple antibiotics have been developed as first- or second-line regimens to eradicate H. pylori infection. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Parasitic infections strongly associated with cancer include Schistosoma haematobium (squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder) and the liver flukes, Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis (cholangiocarcinoma). (wikipedia.org)
  • These microphages also can be detected in infection due to Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, cryptococcosis, or other parasitic organisms (usually observed in patients who are immunosuppressed with HIV disease). (medscape.com)
  • The above tests may need to be repeated to confirm on clearance of the bacterial infection. (webmedcentral.com)
  • Periodontitis is a common chronic bacterial infection of the supporting structures of the teeth. (medscape.com)
  • Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and inflammatory bowel disease: A meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature. (medscape.com)
  • The results of the present study revealed that H. pylori infection was not associated with sex, alcohol consumption, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. (biomedcentral.com)