CraniotomyAnalgesicsPaingamma-Aminobutyric AcidCyclohexanecarboxylic AcidsChronic PainPain ThresholdPain MeasurementAcute PainPain ManagementPain, PostoperativeNeuralgiaAminesNeurosurgical ProceduresPneumocephalusFrontal BoneLow Back PainBack PainFacial PainHematoma, Subdural, AcuteAnticonvulsantsNeuralgia, PostherpeticFibromyalgiaTrephiningAbdominal PainNeck PainPain, IntractableVisceral PainHead Injuries, PenetratingPelvic PainPain PerceptionBrain NeoplasmsDelayed Emergence from AnesthesiaHematoma, SubduralDura MaterTreatment OutcomeIntracranial AneurysmMeningeal NeoplasmsSurgical Fixation DevicesSupratentorial NeoplasmsDouble-Blind MethodDiabetic NeuropathiesAnalgesics, Non-NarcoticFrontal SinusPain, ReferredMeningiomaArachnoid CystsHyperalgesiaMicrosurgeryAnalgesics, OpioidSubdural SpaceOxycodoneTomography, X-Ray ComputedEpilepsies, PartialGlasgow Coma ScaleHematoma, Epidural, CranialHematoma, Subdural, ChronicMagnetic Resonance ImagingShoulder PainCerebrospinal Fluid RhinorrheaTemporal BoneCranial Fossa, AnteriorFourth VentricleStereotaxic TechniquesMusculoskeletal PainPostoperative ComplicationsNeurosurgeryFees, PharmaceuticalBrain AbscessLabor PainTramadolSurgical InstrumentsHematoceleDose-Response Relationship, DrugTrigeminal NeuralgiaCerebellar DiseasesSurgical FlapsVentriculostomyNociceptionConsciousness MonitorsSkull BaseBrain InjuriesCranial Nerve NeoplasmsDecompression, SurgicalSkull FracturesConscious SedationToxicity Tests, AcuteCerebral AngiographyAneurysm, RupturedSubarachnoid HemorrhageCentral Nervous System SensitizationDrug Therapy, CombinationSkull Base NeoplasmsCranial Nerve InjuriesMustard PlantRetrospective StudiesThiophenesAdjuvants, PharmaceuticCerebral VeinsIntracranial Hemorrhages