Protein hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha subunit. Medical search. Frequent questions

Recently, prolyl hydroxylation was identified as a key regulatory event that targets the HIF-1alpha subunit for proteasomal degradation via the pVHL ubiquitination complex. (nih.gov)
Hydroxylation of proline has been shown to be involved in targeting Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha subunit (HIF-1 alpha) for degradation by proteolysis. (wikipedia.org)
Under normoxia (normal oxygen conditions) EGLN1[1] protein hydroxylates the proline at the 564 position of HIF-1 alpha, which allows ubiquitylation by the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (pVHL) and subsequent targeting for proteasome degradation. (wikipedia.org)
The degradation process of its alpha subunit, the hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), is directly regulated by oxygen concentration. (aiche.org)
LIMD1 complexes with PHD2 and VHL in physiological oxygen levels (normoxia) to facilitate proteasomal degradation of the HIF-α subunit. (york.ac.uk)
Here, we identify LIMD1 as a HIF-1 target gene, which mediates a previously uncharacterised, negative regulatory feedback mechanism for hypoxic HIF-α degradation by modulating PHD2-LIMD1-VHL complex formation. (york.ac.uk)
Hypoxic induction of LIMD1 expression results in increased HIF-α protein degradation, inhibiting HIF-1 target gene expression, tumour growth and vascularisation. (york.ac.uk)
These findings indicate that the interaction between HIF-1 and pVHL is iron dependent, and that it is necessary for the oxygen-dependent degradation of HIF alpha-subunits. (ncl.ac.uk)
Taken with the present results, this suggests that the potential use of inhibitors of prolyl 4-hydroxylase to control excessive collagen deposition in pathological fibrosis may be limited by the need to maintain continuous inhibition of collagen hydroxylation so as to facilitate intracellular degradation of the accumulated protein. (embl.de)

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) has a key role in cellular responses to hypoxia, including the regulation of genes involved in energy metabolism, angiogenesis and apoptosis. (ncl.ac.uk)
Here we demonstrate a critical role for the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumour suppressor gene product pVHL in HIF-1 regulation. (ncl.ac.uk)
Hypoxic regulation of lactate dehydrogenase A. Interaction between hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and cAMP response elements. (ox.ac.uk)
HIF-1-dependent regulation of hypoxic induction of the cell death factors BNIP3 and NIX in human tumors. (ox.ac.uk)
Using cDNA arrays and serial analysis of gene expression, we found that hypoxia induces up-regulation of BNIP3 and its homologue, Nip3-like protein X. Analysis of human carcinoma cell lines showed that they are hypoxically regulated in many tumor types, as well as in endothelial cells and macrophages. (ox.ac.uk)
Regulation was hypoxia inducible factor-1-dependent, and hypoxia inducible factor-1 expression was suppressed by von Hippel-Lindau protein in normoxic cells. (ox.ac.uk)
A VHL protein is mandatory for the process of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) regulation (4). (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
In renal carcinoma cells that are defective for the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor, up-regulation of these CAs is associated with loss of regulation by hypoxia, consistent with the critical function of pVHL in the regulation of HIF-1. (ox.ac.uk)
Further studies of CA9 defined a HIF-1-dependent hypoxia response element in the minimal promoter and demonstrated that tight regulation by the HIF/pVHL system was reflected in the pattern of CA IX expression within tumors. (ox.ac.uk)
Regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor is preserved in the absence of a functioning mitochondrial respiratory chain. (ox.ac.uk)
Regulation occurs principally through the alpha subunits, which are stabilized and activated in hypoxia. (ox.ac.uk)
Extensive regulation of the non-coding transcriptome by hypoxia: role of HIF in releasing paused RNApol2. (ox.ac.uk)
Using the murine mammary cell line TG1-1 we observed estrogen (E 2 ) lead to an up regulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), an effect abrogated by the anti-estrogen Fulvestrant and the HIF-1 inhibitor YC-1 (3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole) suggesting the interchangeability of hypoxia and estrogen mediated effects. (biomedcentral.com)
Hypoxic tissue environments occur in vascular and pulmonary diseases as well as cancer, which illustrates the broad impact of gene regulation by HIF-1 alpha. (bio-techne.com)

Cell response to hypoxia is primarily controlled by the hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). (aiche.org)
Activation of cAMP by forskolin had no effect on the level of LDH mRNA in normoxia, but produced a magnified response to hypoxia that was dependent upon the integrity of the CRE, indicating an interaction between inducible factors binding the HIF-1 and CRE sites. (ox.ac.uk)
However, the non-coding transcriptional response to hypoxia is largely uncharacterized. (ox.ac.uk)
These findings indicate that the transcriptional response to hypoxia is substantially more extensive than previously considered. (ox.ac.uk)
Functions as a master transcriptional regulator of the adaptive response to hypoxia. (abcam.cn)
In response to hypoxia, tumors activate a general adaptive response allowing their growth under unfavourable conditions. (biomedcentral.com)

In this work, we made use of the inducible SDHD-ESR mouse, a conditional mutant in the SdhD gene, which encodes the small subunit of MCII, and that acts as a tumor suppressor gene in humans. (ed.ac.uk)
The analysis of the Hif1α pathway in SDHD-ESR tissues and in two newly derived cell lines after complete SdhD loss -a requirement for hereditary paraganglioma type-1 tumor formation in humans- partially recapitulated the "pseudo-hypoxic" response and rendered inconsistent results. (ed.ac.uk)

Hypoxia and the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factor regulate angiogenic-osteogenic coupling and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. (ox.ac.uk)
Loss of expression and nuclear/cytoplasmic localization of the FOXP1 forkhead transcription factor are common events in early endometrial cancer: relationship with estrogen receptors and HIF-1alpha expression. (ox.ac.uk)
Once formed, the complex translocates to the nucleus where it acts as a transcription factor by binding to the estrogen response elements (EREs) at the promoters of estrogen responsive genes[ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
HIF-1 is also a heterodimeric transcription factor, consisting of the oxygen dependent alpha subunit and the constitutively expressed beta subunit. (biomedcentral.com)
In studies during the early 1990's, Gregg Semenza identified, and then in 1995 purified and cloned, a transcription factor that regulates these oxygen-dependent responses. (nobelprize.org)
Through the combined work of these three laureates it was thus demonstrated that the response by gene expression to changes in oxygen is directly coupled to oxygen levels in the animal cell, allowing immediate cellular responses to occur to oxygenation through the action of the HIF transcription factor. (nobelprize.org)
The hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) is the regulated member of the transcription factor heterodimer HIF-1. (bio-techne.com)
We show that radiation-induced migration/invasion occurs through the stabilization and nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α), which drives the transcription of Junction-mediating and regulatory protein (JMY) 27 that stimulates GSC migration through its actin nucleation-promoting activity. (nature.com)

In this study, a rat model of wound ischemia was used to test the hypothesis that HBO enhances wound healing by modulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) signaling. (nih.gov)
In this report, we reveal an important function for ARD1 in mammalian cells as a protein acetyltransferase by direct binding to HIF-1alpha to regulate its stability. (nih.gov)
In this study, we present the characterization of the two transfected cell lines by demonstrating that differential expression of measurable quantities of the EGFP-HIF-1alpha fusion is achieved with prolonged exposure to hypoxia. (aiche.org)
We also present the construction of a correlation between changes in the expression of the EGFP-HIF-1alpha fusion protein and gradients in oxygen concentration through the volume of hydrogel scaffold. (aiche.org)
In addition, Akt activation leads to HIF-1alpha stabilization, whereas PTEN attenuates hypoxia-mediated HIF-1alpha stabilization. (ox.ac.uk)
Tumors with exclusively cytoplasmic expression of FOXP1 were linked with deep myometrial invasion and hypoxia-inducible factors 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) expression. (ox.ac.uk)
This study provides evidence on pathways to be investigated to elucidate the interplay between FOXP1, ER-alpha and HIF-1alpha in hormone dependent cancers. (ox.ac.uk)
Mitochondria are an important source of ROS, and in one model it has been proposed that hypoxia increases the generation of ROS at complex III in the mitochondrion and that this signal acts through a transduction pathway to stabilize HIF-1alpha and to activate HIF. (ox.ac.uk)
To test this model the induction of the HIF-1alpha subunit and the HIF target gene, glucose-transporter-1, was examined in a variety of mutant cells that lacked mitochondrial DNA (rho0) or had other genetic defects in mitochondrial respiration. (ox.ac.uk)
The asparaginyl hydroxylase factor inhibiting HIF-1alpha is an essential regulator of metabolism. (cnrs.fr)

Identification of novel hypoxia dependent and independent target genes of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumour suppressor by mRNA differential expression profiling. (ox.ac.uk)
The von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor gene (VHL) targets hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-alpha subunits for ubiquitin dependent proteolysis. (ox.ac.uk)
Under well-oxygenated conditions, HIFs rapidly degraded by hydroxylation and bound to the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein, while the hydroxylation of HIFs was inhibited and resulted in its highly expression in hypoxic conditions [3, 4]. (cd4inhibitors.com)

While mRNA of alfa subunits (HIFs- α) are not altered by exposure to hypoxia, alfa, but not beta, proteins are stabilized by hypoxia. (biomedcentral.com)

Restoration of wild-type PTEN to glioblastoma cell lines lacking functional PTEN ablates hypoxia and IGF-1 induction of HIF-1-regulated genes. (ox.ac.uk)
The oxygen-regulated control system responsible for the induction of erythropoietin (Epo) by hypoxia is present in most (if not all) cells and operates on other genes, including those involved in energy metabolism. (ox.ac.uk)
The potential proteins of DGP were acquired from TCMSP database, while the potential genes of ONFH were obtained from Gene Cards and Pubmed Gene databases. (researchsquare.com)
The transcriptional complex hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) has emerged as an important mediator of gene expression patterns in tumors, although the range of responding genes is still incompletely defined. (ox.ac.uk)
Genes newly defined as targets of the VHL/hypoxia pathway (conditionally downregulated by VHL in normoxic cells) include aminopeptidase A, collagen type V, alpha 1, cyclin G2, DEC1/Stra13, endothelin 1, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, MIC2/CD99, and transglutaminase 2. (ox.ac.uk)
The gene encoding the Ov-phy-1 open reading frame contained 11 introns, similar in structure to the gene encoding human prolyl 4-hydroxylase isoform I. Genomic Southern blot, EST and genomic PCR studies demonstrated that the O. volvulus genome contained between three and eight genes closely related to Ov-phy-1. (embl.de)
Under hypoxic conditions activates the transcription of over 40 genes, including, erythropoietin, glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, vascular endothelial growth factor, and other genes whose protein products increase oxygen delivery or facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. (abcam.cn)
The elevated HIF-1α accumulates and makes a translocation to the nucleus, regulating the expression of target genes in the nucleus, which regulate a variety of cellular processes to promote survival. (cd4inhibitors.com)
HIF-1 binds to hypoxia-response elements (HREs) in the promoters of many genes involved in adapting to an environment of insufficient oxygen or hypoxia. (bio-techne.com)

Smoking, obesity, and hypertension are the 3 most well-established risk factors associated with development of sporadic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). (medscape.com)

Hypoxia-inducible factor regulates osteoclast-mediated bone resorption: role of angiopoietin-like 4. (ox.ac.uk)
However, in these cell lines PTEN regulates hypoxia- and IGF-1-induced angiogenic gene expression by regulating Akt activation of HIF-1 activity. (ox.ac.uk)
B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an inhibitory receptor, similar to cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD1), that negatively regulates the immune response. (cnrs.fr)

Hydroxyproline is produced by hydroxylation of the amino acid proline by the enzyme prolyl hydroxylase following protein synthesis (as a post-translational modification). (wikipedia.org)
Asparaginyl hydroxylation of the Notch ankyrin repeat domain by factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor. (ox.ac.uk)
The stability and activity of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) are regulated by the post-translational hydroxylation of specific prolyl and asparaginyl residues. (ox.ac.uk)
We show that the HIF asparaginyl hydroxylase, factor inhibiting HIF (FIH), also catalyzes hydroxylation of highly conserved asparaginyl residues within ankyrin repeat (AR) domains (ARDs) of endogenous Notch receptors. (ox.ac.uk)
ARD proteins were found to efficiently compete with HIF for FIH-dependent hydroxylation. (ox.ac.uk)
We propose that ARD proteins function as natural inhibitors of FIH and that the hydroxylation status of these proteins provides another oxygen-dependent interface that modulates HIF signaling. (ox.ac.uk)
Two compounds, Compound 1 (1,4-dihydrophenanthrolin-4-one-3-carboxylic acid) and Compound 5 [8-(N-butyl-N-ethylcarbamoyl)-1,4-dihydrophenathrolin-4-one-3-carboxylic acid], with comparable potencies in vivo, were chosen to investigate the effect of the inhibition of the hydroxylation of newly synthesized uterine collagen on the turnover of this protein in vivo. (embl.de)

The adaptive cellular response to low oxygen tensions is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), a family of heterodimeric transcription factors composed of HIF-α and HIF-β subunits. (york.ac.uk)
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are responsible for the transcriptional responses to hypoxic stress. (biomedcentral.com)
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are key mediators expressed under hypoxic condition and involved in many kinds of disease such as cancer and abnormal angiogenesis. (cd4inhibitors.com)
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), the major transcription regulators for hypoxic cells, are composed primarily of regu- latory alpha-subunits (HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and HIF-3α) [1, 2]. (cd4inhibitors.com)
Therefore, inhibition of HIFs protein expression may be an attractive way to prevent tumor progression [6]. (cd4inhibitors.com)
The expression of HIFs protein should be inhibited because it is great essential for tumor growth. (cd4inhibitors.com)
In this study, we demonstrated that Remodelin could not only inhibit the expression of HIF-1α or HIF-2α under hypoxic conditions but also suppress the constitutional expression of HIFs owing to genetic mutation. (cd4inhibitors.com)

ANGPTL4 mRNA and protein were induced by 24 h at 2% O(2) in human primary osteoclasts, monocytes, and osteoblasts. (ox.ac.uk)
In comparison with vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA, expression of CA IX demonstrated a similar, although more tightly circumscribed, pattern of expression around regions of necrosis and showed substantial although incomplete overlap with activation of the hypoxia marker pimonidazole. (ox.ac.uk)
Translation initiation, in both eukaryotes and bacteria, requires essential elements such as mRNA, ribosome, initiator tRNA, and a set of initiation factors. (cnrs.fr)

These transcription factors are composed of an alpha subunit (HIF-1α, HIF-2α and HIF-3α), and a beta subunit (HIF-1β) [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We show that ionizing radiation specifically enhances the motility and invasiveness of human GSCs through the stabilization and nuclear accumulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), which in turn transcriptionally activates the Junction-mediating and regulatory protein (JMY). (nature.com)

Combined the network analysis, molecular docking and in-vitro experiments, the results firstly demonstrated that the treatment effect of DGP on ONFH may be closely related to HIF-1α, VEGFA and HIF-1 signaling pathway. (researchsquare.com)
The results indicated that DGP may exert the effect on ONFH targeting on HIF-1α and VEGFA via HIF-1 signaling pathway. (researchsquare.com)
Our data provide evidence that estrogen signaling mediates the tumor vasculogenic process required for breast cancer progression and involves a key regulator of the hypoxia signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)

This gene encodes the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/Cip1), a factor implicated in cell cycle, senescence, and cancer. (ed.ac.uk)
Loss of PTEN facilitates HIF-1-mediated gene expression. (ox.ac.uk)
We propose that loss of PTEN during malignant progression contributes to tumor expansion through the deregulation of Akt activity and HIF-1-regulated gene expression. (ox.ac.uk)
To understand the organization of cis-acting sequences that are responsible for oxygen-regulated gene expression, we have studied the 5' flanking region of the mouse gene encoding the hypoxically inducible enzyme lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH). (ox.ac.uk)
HIF-1 induces expression of VEGF gene. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
The FOXP1 gene has been identified as a new member of the winged helix family of transcription factors that have important roles in cellular transformation, differentiation and proliferation. (ox.ac.uk)
These studies define a new class of HIF-1-responsive gene, the activation of which has implications for the understanding of hypoxic tumor metabolism and which may provide endogenous markers for tumor hypoxia. (ox.ac.uk)
The tumor suppressor p53, encoded by the TP53 gene and known as "the guardian of the genome" [ 1 ] , performs a variety of functions in cancer prevention. (encyclopedia.pub)
G-/GMCSF activates the JAK family of receptor tyrosine kinases, which unfolds its activity by not only regulating enzymes and target proteins within its local milieu, but importantly also by activating the STAT family of transcription factors, which subsequently dimerize and translocate to the cell nucleus to regulate gene expression[ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Moreover, the biological factors that determine the tissue-specificity of these tumors have not been identified. (ed.ac.uk)
Solid tumors contain regions of hypoxia, a physiological stress that can activate cell death pathways and, thus, result in the selection of cells resistant to death signals and anticancer therapy. (ox.ac.uk)
Northern blotting and in situ hybridization analysis has revealed that these factors are highly expressed in human tumors compared with normal tissue and that BNIP3 is up-regulated in perinecrotic regions of the tumor. (ox.ac.uk)
Several types of non-hematopoietic tumors secrete hematopoietic colony stimulating factors, which act on myeloid cells and tumor cells[ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we show that hypoxia induces corticosteroid-insensitive inflammation via reduced transcription of histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC2) in lung epithelial and macrophage cells. (tmu.edu.tw)

In VHL-defective cells, HIF alpha-subunits are constitutively stabilized and HIF-1 is activated. (ncl.ac.uk)
In cells exposed to iron chelation or cobaltous ions, HIF-1 is dissociated from pVHL. (ncl.ac.uk)
VEGF protein is a potent proangiogenic factor that binds to its receptor on endothelial cells. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
HIF induction by hypoxia was essentially normal in all cells tested. (ox.ac.uk)
Hydrogen peroxide production was measured by the luminol/peroxidase method and found to be reduced in rho0 versus wild-type cells and reduced by hypoxia in both rho0 and wild-type cells. (ox.ac.uk)
We undertook integrated genomic analyses of both non-coding and coding transcripts using massively parallel sequencing and interfaced this data with pan-genomic analyses of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and RNApol2 binding in hypoxic cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Moderate-to strong HIF-1α nuclear staining in >10% and cell surface PD-L1 expression in >5% of OSCC cells were recorded as a positive result. (ntu.edu.tw)
Previously we found that estrogen aided in this neovasculogenesis via recruitment of bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells (BM-EPCs), leading to increased vessel formation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)
Estrogen modulation of HIF-1 and subsequent effects on endothelial cells is dependent on the Akt/PI3K pathway and protein synthesis as validated by the use of the inhibitors wortmannin and cycloheximide which abrogated estrogen's effects respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Estrogen treated TG1-1 cells secreted higher levels of VEGF which were comparable to secreted levels from cells grown under hypoxic conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
Soluble factors in conditioned media from E 2 treated breast cancer cells also lead to migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
This is because cancer cells maintain high basal level of ROS, thus they are vulnerable to any further increase in ROS (Fig. 1 ). (degruyter.com)
More importantly, Remodelin could also inhibit the constitutional expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in VHL mutant 786-0 cells. (cd4inhibitors.com)
The distribution of NAT10 and its role in cell divi- sion raised the possibility that this protein play an important role in the proliferation of cancer cells [10]. (cd4inhibitors.com)
Hypoxia stimulates hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-dependent expression of CXCL12 and KITL promoting mobilization from the bone marrow and recruitment to primary tumor and metastatic sites of CXCR4 + CD11b + bone marrow-derived cells and KITbCD11b + cells assisting vasculogenesis and metastasis respectively (Kuonen et al. (biomedcentral.com)
Such treatment was associated with upregulation of invasion- and inflammation-promoting soluble factors, such as matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), its activator MMP14, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2), chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), the latter two being linked to the recruitment of the monocytic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Twenty-four hours after plating on laminin substrate, TG1N and TG16 cells adopted a bipolar and elongated shape (Supplementary Fig. 1 B) and displayed high motility (mean velocities of 26.3 ± 0.6 µm/h and 25.7 ± 1.1 µm/h, respectively) without a predefined direction (Supplementary Fig. S1 C, Supplementary Movies S1 and S2 ), consistently with random motility pattern with high velocity previously reported for other GSC lines 30 . (nature.com)
The protein hemoglobin, found in red blood cells, is responsible for oxygen delivery. (medscape.com)
The foamy stromal cells between the capillaries stain positive for glial fibrillary acid protein and neuron-specific enolase. (medscape.com)

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) mediates a large number of transcriptional responses to hypoxia and has an important role in processes that include angiogenesis and erythropoiesis. (ox.ac.uk)

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) plays a central role in cellular adaptation to changes in oxygen availability. (nih.gov)
Ki67, a nuclear protein, affects cellular proliferation and it reflects a reversible change in cellular bioactivity during neoplastic progression [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
HIF is a key protein responsible for the cellular adaptation to low levels of oxygen [ 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
The pVHL/HIF-1 interaction provides a new focus for understanding cellular oxygen sensing. (ncl.ac.uk)
In such case, HIF-1 promotes angiogenesis and other typical cellular responses for hypoxia. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
Some viruses hijack cellular machinery to translate some of their mRNAs through a noncanonical initiation pathway using internal ribosome entry site (IRES), a highly structured RNAs which can directly recruit the ribosome with a restricted set of initiation factors, and in some cases even without cap and initiator tRNA. (cnrs.fr)
Using a fluorescent sulfhydryl probe as well as a sulfhydryl inhibitor, one observes a strong cell density response, supporting the hypothesis that cellular redox potential could alter protein stability. (embl.de)

The change for HIF-1 alpha has been detected in colorectal cancer (CRC) [ 11 , 12 ] and several authors have described its importance in angiogenesis and CRC growth [ 13 , 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
In fact, HIF-1α is a major factor for regulating tumor microenvironment (TME) for tumor cell survival and angiogenesis [6, 7]. (cd4inhibitors.com)
Elimination of the primary tumor, either by irradiation or by surgery, shifts the balance towards pro-angiogenesis and growth of the lung metastases (Table 1 ) (Camphausen et al. (biomedcentral.com)

The alpha subunits of HIF are rapidly degraded by the proteasome under normal conditions, but are stabilized by hypoxia. (ncl.ac.uk)
In a normal cell, the alpha subunits of HIF-1 are degraded by the proteasome, whereas in a hypoxic cell they are stabilized. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was conducted by using the avidin-biotin complex technique for detecting the antibodies to hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) alpha, cytokeratin 20 (CK20), and cell proliferation factor Ki67. (hindawi.com)
Paired paraffin-embedded primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes (LN) sections were stained with antibodies against hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and PD-L1. (ntu.edu.tw)

Recent studies indicate that some hematopoietic growth factors, namely granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), are abundantly released in the tumor microenvironment and play a key role in regulating tumor-nerve interactions and tumor-associated pain by activating receptors on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
Semaphorins were originally identified in the nervous system for their ability to regulate axon guidance through the interaction with their receptors, plexins and neuropilins [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The presence of Remodelin could suppress the elevated level of HIF-1α protein and its nuclear translocation induced by either treatment of cobalt chloride (CoCl2) or hypoxia in dose or time-dependent way. (cd4inhibitors.com)

Results For advanced OSCC with necrotic changes, there was substantial agreement in primary tumor (kappa value 0.54) and almost perfect agreement in metastatic LN (kappa value 0.86) between HIF-1α and PD-L1 expression. (ntu.edu.tw)

Taken together with the fact that 60-70% of human breast cancers are estrogen receptor-alpha positive[ 7 ], the evidence suggests an etiological significance of estrogen in breast cancer initiation and progression. (biomedcentral.com)

and a second, previously identified and constitutively expressed and non-oxygen-regulated protein known as ARNT. (nobelprize.org)

N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10, or hALP, human N-acetyltransferase-like protein) is a nucleolar protein with lysine acetylation activity, which embraces GNAT, RNA helicase and tRNA-binding domain [8]. (cd4inhibitors.com)
have determined that Remodelin can inhibit the function of the acetyltransferase protein NAT10 and reduce cancer cell migration and invasion [13-15]. (cd4inhibitors.com)

Vascular endothelial growth factor, cyclooxygenase-2, and neutrophil infiltration were reduced in ischemic wounds treated with HBO. (nih.gov)
The two most important molecular targets for new drugs in renal cancer are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
Further, hypoxia and estrogen are interchangeable as both similarly modulate epithelial-endothelial cell interaction. (biomedcentral.com)
Especially, this allows ATP and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) to be synthesized in an oxygen-independent manner, thereby promoting angiogen- esis, cell survival and tumor growth [5]. (cd4inhibitors.com)

The most important of these, although not capable of driving hypoxic induction in isolation, had the consensus of a hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) site, and cross-competed for the binding of HIF-1 with functionally active Epo and phosphoglycerate kinase-1 sequences. (ox.ac.uk)

Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to a VEGF protein. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human High Density Lipoprotein Binding Protein (HDLBP) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (tuberculosistest.net)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat High Density Lipoprotein Binding Protein (HDLBP) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids. (tuberculosistest.net)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Protein Kinase C Beta 1 (PKCb1) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (therabio.org)

Amongst these, we validate calpain 2, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and a RhoGTPase Rac1 as well as Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) as transcriptional targets of G-/GMCSF and demonstrate the importance of MMP9 and Rac1 in GMCSF-induced nociceptor sensitization. (biomedcentral.com)

Interestingly, estrogen is also capable of contributing to breast cancer progression by a novel role, via modulation of proteins involved in hypoxia signaling, namely hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). (biomedcentral.com)
Hypoxia, a condition of oxygen deprivation, is considered a hallmark of tumor microenvironment regulating several pathways and promoting cancer progression and resistance to therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
In the last years a huge amount of data has been obtained shedding novel insights on the mechanisms through which hypoxia affects tumor progression and response to therapy. (biomedcentral.com)

Estrogen mediates its effects by binding to its cognate estrogen receptor(s), either estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) or estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), leading to ER dimerization and association with various co-factors. (biomedcentral.com)

The only two modestly active agents were interleukin 2 and interferon alpha but very few patients benefited from immunotherapy. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)

Bcl2/adenovirus EIB 19kD-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) is a cell death factor that is a member of the Bcl-2 proapoptotic family recently shown to induce necrosis rather than apoptosis. (ox.ac.uk)

Sunitinib, sorafenib and pazopanib are small molecules that inhibit several protein kinases including tyrosine kinase of VEGF receptor. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. (lookformedical.com)

The p53 protein, to exert its function, binds in a sequence-specific manner to the DNA-binding sites by forming a tetramer, via four self-assembling p53 molecules, which are stabilized by protein-protein and base-stacking interactions [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

To confirm tumor hypoxia, partial oxygen pressure (pO 2 ) is an important factor of physiological state, and it indicates the balance between oxygen delivery and consumption [ 21 ]. (hindawi.com)

Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Protein Kinase C Beta 1 from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (therabio.org)
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Protein Kinase C Beta 1 (PKCb1) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids. (therabio.org)
for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway. (lookformedical.com)
A protein-serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION in response to GROWTH FACTORS or INSULIN. (lookformedical.com)

Hydroxyproline is a major component of the protein collagen, comprising roughly 13.5% of mammalian collagen. (wikipedia.org)
However, the mammalian proteins elastin and argonaute 2 have collagen-like domains in which hydroxyproline is formed. (wikipedia.org)

Although it is not directly incorporated into proteins, hydroxyproline comprises roughly 4% of all amino acids found in animal tissue, an amount greater than seven other amino acids that are translationally incorporated. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy21

Organisms14

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs126

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes57

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Health Care1

Degradation9

Regulation14

Response to hypoxia6

Humans2

Transcription factor8

1alpha10

Hippel-Lindau3

Exposure to hypoxia1

Genes9

Renal Cell1

Regulates3

Hydroxylation7

HIFs7

MRNA3

Beta subunit1

Hif11

Signaling pathway3

Gene9

Tumors4

Induces1

Cells19

Transcriptional responses1

Cellular7

Angiogenesis3

Degraded by the proteasome2

Antibodies2

Receptors2

Dependent1

Primary tumor1

Initiation1

Constitutively expressed1

Acetyltransferase2

Endothelial4

Induction1

Antibody4

Targets1

Progression3

Mediates1

Interleukin1

Apoptosis1

Receptor2

Binds1

Physiological1

Kinase4

Mammalian2

Amino acids1