Pcna cell cycle progression proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Medical search. Frequent questions

Furthermore, we find that SET8 interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen through a conserved motif, and SET8 is required for DNA replication fork progression. (rupress.org)
The above studies shows how Vitamin E succinate interacts in different ways with the complex array of genes involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer - genes involved in proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesia and metastasis. (positivehealth.com)
Previously we have shown that DDB2, a protein involved in the Global Genome Repair, interacts directly with PCNA and, in human cells, the loss of this interaction affects DNA repair machinery. (biomedcentral.com)
Nuclear PKM2 interacts with HIF-1α and subsequently upregulates the expression of HIF-1α target genes encoding glycolytic enzymes, GLUT1, HK2, PKM2, LDHA and PDK1, which are required for the C. tropicalis -induced aerobic glycolysis of MDSCs. (biomedcentral.com)

It was interesting to detect higher expression of cell cycle genes and proteins in offspring of dams exposed to 10 ppb, especially because it is the maximum allowable level in drinking water. (umaine.edu)
Rho proteins promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and regulate cell shape, attachment, and motility. (cancerindex.org)
DRAM2 overexpression also increased proteins CDK4, CyclinD3, and decreased p27 expression, all of which are cell cycle-related factors. (cancerindex.org)
Factors mandating cellular consequence include cell surface-receptors, cytoplasmic proteins, and nuclear proteins. (janechin.net)
Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
LPLI-induced cell cycle progression can be regulated by the activation or elevated expressions of cell cycle-specific proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently, a large number of signaling proteins reported play an important key role in the process of LPLI-induced cell proliferation, probably due to the fact that the molecular events they are involved in are the basic response of the cells to extracellular stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
Function of RSV has been extensively explored for its powerful antioxidant capacity and specific effects on proteins and/or signaling cascades, such as Sirt1, adenosine monophosphate activated kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and JNK/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- B) in DN both in vivo and in vitro [ 8 - 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Many laboratories have focused on the functions of the clock genes and proteins that are involved in cellular activities, including cell survival, cell cycle regulation, proliferation, apoptosis, DNA damage repair, and tumor promotion or suppression [ 5 , 6 ]. (explorationpub.com)
VES supplementation also decreases the expression of anti-apoptotic XIAP and Bcl-X(L) proteins and sensitizes androgen-dependent LNCaP cells to androgen deprivation. (positivehealth.com)
The results have shown that DDB2 Wt recognize and repair the UV-induced lesions in plasmidic DNA transfected in the cells, whereas a delay in these processes were observed in the presence of DDB2 PCNA- , as also confirmed by the different extent of co-localization of DDB2 Wt and some NER proteins (such as XPG), vs the DDB2 mutant form. (biomedcentral.com)
A substantial portion of the regulatory interactions in the higher eukaryotic cell are mediated by simple sequence motifs in the regulatory segments of genes and (pre-)mRNAs, and in the intrinsically disordered regions of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is an abundant and ubiquitous nuclear protein that uses NAD + to synthesize a multibranched polyanion composed of ADP-ribose moieties, giving rise to poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), onto itself or a variety of target proteins. (nature.com)

Our results indicated that AST inhibits cell proliferation through phase-specific cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Potential synergistic effects of various combinations including these compounds were tested by measuring cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. (frontiersin.org)
This indolamine advances apoptosis, which arrests the cell cycle and regulates metabolic activity. (explorationpub.com)
Melatonin has oncostatic properties that are mediated by induction of apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle, regulation of metabolic activity, and the inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) activity [ 9 ]. (explorationpub.com)
NF-kappaB and AP-1 transcriptional factors contribute to the development and progression of prostate malignancy by regulating the expression of genes involved in proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. (positivehealth.com)
Furthermore, silencing PrP c expression with si-PRNP amplified the fucoidan-induced changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. (iiarjournals.org)
Administration of POS extract reversed the ACR-induced epididymides weight loss with improved semen quality and count, ameliorated the ACR-decreased testicular lesion scoring, testicular oxidative stress, testicular degeneration, Leydig cell apoptosis and the dysregulated PCNA and Caspase-3 expression in a dose-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
Studies on male rodents suggested that chronic ACR exposure resulted in testicular cytotoxicity indicated by vacuolization, multiple nuclei formation, abnormal giant cell, atrophy of the seminiferous tubules and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
RNAi-mediated attenuation of Tnfrsf1b decreased TNF-α-induced netrin-1 production and augmented epithelial cell apoptosis in culture. (aacrjournals.org)
Extending these observations, colon biopsies from E. faecalis -colonized IL-10 −/− mice exhibited crypt hyperplasia and increased staining for macrophages, TNF-α, netrin-1, NF-κB, Tnfrsf1b, and the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen while also displaying a reduction in epithelial cell apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
Cytotoxicity, antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing capacity of ACNVs against hepatoma carcinoma cell were assessed. (dovepress.com)
ACNVs were found to possess specific antitumor cell proliferation activity associated with an apoptosis-inducing pathway. (dovepress.com)
We found that the sole presence of N-cad induces constitutively active fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signaling and a precocious involution resulting in massive apoptosis of alveolar cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Cell viability was determined by propidium iodide staining. (positivehealth.com)

Unfortunately, the intimate mechanisms leading to the development and progression of this disease are complex and not yet fully understood [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
In addition, inflammation is also an important pathophysiological factor in the development and progression of DN [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
CRISPEN and COLLEAGUES, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA studied the interaction with and modulation of Vitamin E succinate upon transcriptional factors involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer. (positivehealth.com)
With respect to cancer development and progression, elevations and mutations of PrP c expression have been shown to increase the risk for malignancy and metastasis in breast and colorectal cancer. (iiarjournals.org)

Solitary or multiple benign cutaneous nodules comprised of immature and mature vascular structures intermingled with endothelial cells and a varied infiltrate of eosinophils, histiocytes, lymphocytes, and mast cells. (lookformedical.com)

Background: The putative functions of the cellular prion protein (PrP c ) are believed to be associated with cell signaling, differentiation, survival, and cancer progression. (iiarjournals.org)
Further studies confirmed that p75NTR participates in the regulation of tooth development maybe by changing the activity of the key factor distal-less homeobox/msh homeobox (Dlx/Msx), and melanoma-associated antigen D1 (Mage-D1) seems to be play a role in the differentiation and mineralization of EMSCs 5 , 6 . (researchsquare.com)
pointed out that Mage-D1 may participate in the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the differentiation of odontoblasts through the NF-κB signalling pathway 21 . (researchsquare.com)
Overall, our study demonstrates the coordinated expression of functionally related genes during proliferation and differentiation of rainbow trout adipocyte cells. (biomedcentral.com)
DNA methylation reader MECP2: cell type- and differentiation stage-specific protein distribution. (tu-darmstadt.de)
Additionally, RAD18 functions beyond DNA repair and may regulate many other key biological processes, such as chromatin strengthening, cell survival/death, stemness, and differentiation. (nature.com)

Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) are the precursors of DNA synthesis, and their strict balance is critical for proper DNA replication and repair in cells [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Stages of the cell cycle are G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), G2, M (Mitosis), and G0 (quiescence), with mitosis as the shortest and most visually dramatic process of the cycle after which two daughter cells result, Figure 1-1. (janechin.net)
The environmental light-dark cycle is the potent regulator of melatonin synthesis. (explorationpub.com)
Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. (bvsalud.org)
PCNA is required for the coordinated synthesis of both leading and lagging strands at the replication fork during DNA replication. (bvsalud.org)
The E3 ubiquitin ligase RAD18 is well known for the maintenance of genome stability and cell survival through many DNA damage response (DDR) pathways such as translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) and homologous recombination repair (HRR) [ 4 , 5 ]. (nature.com)

The sequential activation of the members of this family and their phosphorylation of certain substrates promotes the progression through the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
Each stage of the cell cycle is profiled by distinct protein complexes and phosphorylation events. (janechin.net)
However, the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway in tumor cells has also been implicated in lung cancer metabolism. (spandidos-publications.com)
However, in recent years, there has been increasing evidence that metformin exerts its anticancer effects through the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of tumor cell mitochondria, and metabolic pathways based on metformin targeting have only recently become the focus of intensive research. (spandidos-publications.com)
On the other hand, C. tropicalis promotes p-Syk binding to PKM2, which results in PKM2 Tyr105 phosphorylation and PKM2 nuclear translocation in MDSCs. (biomedcentral.com)

This Antibody was verified by Relative expression to ensure that the antibody binds to the antigen stated. (thermofisher.com)
Immunofluorescent double staining was used to detect YAP cellular localization with CD31 (an endothelial cell marker) antibody. (molvis.org)
Generation and characterization of a rat monoclonal antibody specific for PCNA. (tu-darmstadt.de)

The prognostic significance of the major redox regulator nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (NRF2) is recognized in many cancers, but the role of NRF1 is not generally well understood in cancer. (hindawi.com)
Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is the most studied member of the Cap 'n' collar basic leucine zipper (CNC-bZIP) family of transcription factors. (hindawi.com)

The current study examined the effect of low-dose, environmentally relevant levels of arsenic (10 to 500 ppb) on transplacentally exposed mice (F1) and the next generation (F2) which focused on altered regulation of the normal cell cycle. (umaine.edu)
Findings from this study suggest transplacental arsenic exposure alters the expression of genes involved in regulation of the cell cycle and may be a probable mechanism involved in causing human diseases. (umaine.edu)
Encouraging progress in understanding cell cycle regulation occurred over the past five years. (janechin.net)
Such regulation ensures faithful reproduction of DNA for subsequent distribution to daughter cells. (janechin.net)
Since both natural supplements and direct regulation of PrP c expression contribute to inhibition of cancer progression and growth, we hypothesized that knockdown of PrP c could lead to an enhanced synergic effect on the inhibition of cancer growth by fucoidan. (iiarjournals.org)
The ease of motif acquisition simplifies access to basal housekeeping functions, facilitates the co-regulation of multiple biomolecules allowing them to respond in a coordinated manner to changes in the cell state, and supports the integration of multiple signals for combinatorial decision-making. (biomedcentral.com)
1 , 2 In recent years, mammalian cell-derived exosomes (a type of extracellular vesicle) have been widely used in the field of biomedicine, including diagnosis, regulation of disease progression and drug delivery. (dovepress.com)
The cellular response to DNA damage involves an intricate network of enzymes responsible for sensing, signaling, and repairing damaged DNA, as well as the regulation of cell cycle checkpoints that collectively maintain genomic integrity 2 . (nature.com)

The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. (wikipedia.org)
Extracellular signals direct the cell-cycle 'engine. (janechin.net)
These factors couple extracellular signals to intracellular processes to determine cell cycle progression. (janechin.net)
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a group of cell-derived membranous structures, which play an important role in intercellular communication and functional transduction. (dovepress.com)
Both cell-derived microstructures and extracellular matrix components play critical roles in the preorganization and oriented deposition of calcium phosphate and serve as passive supports in dentine and enamel. (researchsquare.com)
Both establish calcium-dependent homophilic cell-cell adhesion with their extracellular domains and are connected with catenins at their intracellular domains [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We show that small interfering RNA inhibition of SET8 expression leads to decreased cell proliferation and accumulation of cells in S phase. (rupress.org)

Evidence of cell proliferation was obtained by evaluating PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen) expression using immunohistochemistry. (umaine.edu)
Additionally, immunohistochemistry results indicated that RSV treatment reduced the density of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells significantly in glomeruli of diabetic mice. (hindawi.com)

Molecular changes in lung tissues of F1 generation females suggest increased cell proliferation while the F2 generation shows an inhibition or delay in cell cycle progression. (umaine.edu)
These results suggest that RSV prevents diabetes-induced renal inflammation and mesangial cell proliferation possibly through Akt/NF- κ B pathway inhibition. (hindawi.com)
demonstrated that RSV prevented high glucose-induced kidney mesangial cell proliferation and fibronectin expression through inhibition of high glucose-induced JNK and NF- B activation, NADPH oxidase activity elevation, and reactive oxygen species production [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Conclusion: Combination of fucoidan with silencing of PrP c has a synergic effect on the inhibition of HT29 colon cancer cell growth. (iiarjournals.org)
It was also recently shown that PARP-1 is a sensor of unligated Okazaki fragments during DNA replication 16 and cells deficient in ribonucleotide excision repair are sensitized to PARP inhibition 17 . (nature.com)

DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encodes its genome. (wikipedia.org)
DNA damage, due to environmental factors and normal metabolic processes inside the cell, occurs at a rate of 10,000 to 1,000,000 molecular lesions per cell per day. (wikipedia.org)
Dysregulation of processes driven by these factors is a severe liability to the cell and therefore represents potential areas for therapeutic intervention. (janechin.net)
The mammalian cell is furnished with receptors linked to interactive series of cytoplasmic networks for controlling cellular processes. (janechin.net)
Uncontrolled cell proliferation is one of the greatest features of all tumor cells, and there is abundant evidence that blocking cell proliferation or cell cycle processes has the potential to alleviate or cure tumors [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Collectively, we anticipate that this method will allow high-resolution microscopic analysis of cellular processes involving cell cycle progression, such as checkpoint activation, DNA replication, and cellular division. (biomedcentral.com)
There is little understanding about how inflammatory cytokines mediate bystander effects, but questions in this area are important because of the pivotal contributions made by inflammatory processes to cancer initiation and progression. (aacrjournals.org)
3 , 4 Similarly, plant cells also secrete exosome-like nanovesicles (ELNVs) that can participate in various physiological processes such as the inheritance of traits and defense response. (dovepress.com)

The innermost layer of an artery or vein, made up of one layer of endothelial cells and supported by an internal elastic lamina. (lookformedical.com)
The proliferation of choroidal endothelial cells (CECs) is one important step in the formation of new vessels. (molvis.org)
Transcriptional coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP) can promote the proliferation of multiple cancer cells, corneal endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, which participate in angiogenesis. (molvis.org)
Additionally, after laser exposure, YAP siRNA inhibited the increased expression of PCNA, which was colocalized with endothelial cells. (molvis.org)
This study showed that YAP upregulation promoted CNV formation by upregulating the proliferation of endothelial cells, providing evidence for the molecular mechanisms of CNV and suggesting a novel molecular target for nAMD treatment. (molvis.org)
Among them, VEGF-A can promote the division and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and neovascularization and maintain the survival of new vessels. (molvis.org)

PCNA is a co-factor of cyclin-D and it makes a complex with cyclin-D, a cyclin dependent kinase (CDK), and a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI). (biomedcentral.com)
Results: Fucoidan treatment significantly inhibited growth and reduced cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) expression in HT29 colon cancer cells. (iiarjournals.org)

Pseudolymphoma is characterized by a benign infiltration of lymphoid cells or histiocytes which microscopically resembles a malignant lymphoma. (lookformedical.com)
Misregulation of the cell cycle may result in malignant cell proliferation, tumorigenesis or cell death. (intechopen.com)
PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types. (bvsalud.org)
In response to endogenous and exogenous insults, malignant cells mostly have an intensive DNA repair capacity that allows them to proliferate and survive. (nature.com)

The Restriction point is also known as a checkpoint, where 'the cell is arrested at a particular phase of the cycle due to a lack of appropriate signals' (Hartwell and Weinert, 1989). (janechin.net)

Conclusions: These results demonstrate that multispectral microscopy could be used for the non-destructive, label free discrimination of cell cycle phase in cancer cells. (edu.au)

Data from the F1 generation support in vitro studies of arsenic-related cell cycle dysregulation done in other laboratories. (umaine.edu)

Another important mechanism for the progression of colorectal cancer is the ability of the transformed cells to invade and traverse the basement membrane, which in turn facilitates the conversion of adenomas into carcinomas and then metastases ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Our previous study has revealed that Candida tropicalis ( C. tropicalis ) promotes colorectal tumorigenesis by enhancing immunosuppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and increasing accumulation of MDSCs, but the underlying mechanisms remain unestablished. (biomedcentral.com)
Blockade of PKM2 nuclear translocation attenuates C. tropicalis -mediated colorectal tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Altered expression of these genes may lead to abnormalities in the cell cycle and eventually cause genomic instability. (umaine.edu)
Expression of p15, p16, p21 and p27 did not vary in granulosa and theca cells by the follicle stage. (biomedcentral.com)
DRAM2 acts as an oncogene in non-small cell lung cancer and suppresses the expression of p53. (cancerindex.org)
Additionally, DRAM2 overexpression promoted cell metastasis and proliferation in vitro, while knockdown of DRAM2 expression yielded opposite result. (cancerindex.org)
Additionally, the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are increased in almost every type of human cancer, which may be associated with cell invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
In vitro , RSV attenuated high glucose-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) expression and mesangial cell proliferation, as well as Akt and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κ B) activation. (hindawi.com)
Treatment with alpha-tocopherol succinate (VES) inhibits NF-kappaB but augments AP-1 activity, reduces expression of IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF, suppresses cell adhesion, ICAM-1 and gp130 expression in androgen-independent PC-3, DU-145, and CA-HPV-10 cells. (positivehealth.com)
Both DBF4 and CDC7 may be potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for HCC, and high expression of DDK members predicts a worse prognosis in patients with HCC, which may be associated with high tumor cell proliferation rate. (biomedcentral.com)
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in CNV mice without or with YAP siRNA intravitreal injection and the colocalization of PCNA and CD31 were measured with western blotting and immunofluorescent double staining, respectively. (molvis.org)
Materials and Methods: PrP c expression was suppressed in HT29 human colon cancer cells by utilizing small-interfering RNA (si-PRNP), and cells were subsequently used to study the antiproliferative and anticancer effects of fucoidan treatment of HT29 human colon cancer cells. (iiarjournals.org)
It upregulated the declined level of serum testosterone and the expression of steroidogenic genes such as CYP11A1 and 17β3-HSD with an obvious histologic improvement of the testes with re-establishment of the normal spermatogenic series, Sertoli and Leydig cells. (biomedcentral.com)
It has been reported that lung cancer cells exhibit upregulated expression of all key glycolytic enzymes [hexokinase 2 (HK2), phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase (PK)] ( 13 ), suggesting that the essential enzymes of the aerobic glycolytic pathway have a critical role in the development of lung carcinoma. (spandidos-publications.com)
We discovered an unprecedented burst of differential expression of cell cycle related genes at one particular point during transition to flowering. (biomedcentral.com)
In cell cocultures, we observed increased expression of the TNF-α receptor Tnfrsf1b and Netrin-1. (aacrjournals.org)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of Mage-D1 in rat tooth germ development and its differential mineralization ability to ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), and to explore its potential mechanism. (researchsquare.com)
In adult mouse hippocampus, Tbr2 protein and Tbr2-GFP (green fluorescent protein) transgene expression were specifically localized to intermediate-stage progenitor cells (IPCs), a type of transit amplifying cells. (jneurosci.org)
High expression of RAD18 facilitated a highly stem-cell phenotype through the Hippo/YAP pathway, which supports the proliferation of TNBC. (nature.com)

Overexpression of this gene is associated with tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. (cancerindex.org)
Angiogenesis is essential in the process of carcinogenesis to facilitate tumor progression and metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)

Here, we report that the central proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α acts as a diffusible mediator of the bystander effects induced by macrophages, an effect caused by a proliferation of macrophages that trigger epithelial cell production of Netrin-1, a neuronal guidance molecule. (aacrjournals.org)
The first epithelial cell layer in the development of mouse embryos, the trophectoderm of blastocysts, requires E-cad for proper function. (biomedcentral.com)
In later embryonic stages and in adult organisms, E-cad also provides adhesive strength to form polarized epithelial cell layers [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We previously showed that the Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) is expressed in the rodent ovarian follicles at the earliest sign of growth [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparative biochemical studies of rapamycin and wortmannin on transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1)-mediated G(1)-S cell cycle progression in C3H-10T1/2 embryonic fibroblasts. (janechin.net)
Our previous findings demonstrated that formononetin initiates growth-inhibitory and pro-apoptotic activities in human colon cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Subsequent study using multiple human cancer cell lines, including those of the colon, stomach and liver, further indicated the universal growth-inhibitory and pro-apoptotic effects of AST. (spandidos-publications.com)
Although, non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) display antineoplastic effects by repressing tumor growth and angiogenesis both in cell line and animal models, their use as chemotherapeutic agents is awaiting further investigation. (frontiersin.org)
Selenium has been reported to inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells in vitro. (positivehealth.com)
In the 1920s, Otto Heinrich Warburg discovered that cancer cells, unlike normal cells, use the glycolytic pathway to obtain energy for growth even in the presence of oxygen, which is a phenomenon known as 'aerobic glycolysis' or the Warburg effect ( 9 ), and aerobic glycolysis is a common metabolic phenotype in NSCLC ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The G 2 gap phase further separates S-phase from mitosis, allowing for continued cell growth and maturation before cell division. (rupress.org)
Tryptophan is the only known substrate other than pyruvate that is used for fermentative cell growth in this organism [5]. (screeninglibraries.com)

Ovaries were collected from 60-day-old cycling B6D2F1/J mice (n = 16). (biomedcentral.com)
Second, ICA failed to generate DA neuroprotection and suppress glial cells-mediated pro-inflammatory factors production in Nrf2 knockout mice. (biomedcentral.com)

This method allows studying the DNA repair capability in different types of human cells [ 11 ] and may be employed as a marker for genetic instability and cancer risk [ 12 , 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
The Warburg hypothesis was based on the metabolic differences between cancer cells and normal cells, and proposed that increased glycolysis by transformed cells conferred a bio-energetic advantage for survival over normal counterparts under anoxic conditions (Anghileri, 1983). (janechin.net)

An obvious requirement for the stringent control of cell cycle progression is the prevention of deregulated proliferation - loss of control may result in tumors and cancers. (janechin.net)
This theory holds that tumors arise from 1 of 2 undifferentiated stem cells: the excretory duct reserve cell or the intercalated duct reserve cell. (medscape.com)
This theory more logically explains neoplasms that contain multiple discrete cell types, such as pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors. (medscape.com)
Our previous study showed that it plays an essential role in the progression of multiple tumors. (nature.com)
TAMs are the major inflammatory cells in the TME, and are closely related to poor outcomes in several types of tumors [ 11 ]. (nature.com)

Transitional checkpoints are therefore crucial for a successful completion of the cell cycle. (janechin.net)
For instance, DNA replication and DNA damage checkpoints delay cell cycle progression until each chromosome is fully replicated and physically intact. (rupress.org)

In the present study, therefore, we aimed to determine whether RSV treatment attenuated renal inflammation and mesangial cell proliferation under diabetic condition both in vivo and in vitro . (hindawi.com)
In addition, a mutant form unable to interact with PCNA (DDB2 PCNA- ), has shown a reduced ability to interact with a UV-damaged DNA plasmid in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
TNF-α-mediated bystander assays used a murine coculture system of primary colonic epithelial cells and E. faecalis -infected macrophages ( in vitro ), with an interleukin 10 (IL-10)-deficient mouse model of colon cancer that involves long-term colonization with E. faecalis ( in vivo ). (aacrjournals.org)
We have previously shown that fish primary preadipocytes differentiate into mature adipocytes in vitro and that these cells represent a very helpful model system to study adipose tissue development in fish [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In the present study, we aimed to further examine the potential of formononetin in controlling angiogenesis and tumor cell invasiveness in human colon cancer cells and tumor xenografts. (spandidos-publications.com)
These findings suggest that formononetin inhibits angiogenesis and tumor cell invasion, and thus support its use in the treatment of advanced and metastatic colon cancers. (spandidos-publications.com)

In our previous studies, EMSCs were obtained from rat embryonic facial process tissue by fluorescence p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) activated cell sorting, providing a good stem cell model for studies of dental mineralization. (researchsquare.com)
suggesting that progenitor cells in the embryonic and adult brain may share similar molecular phenotypes. (jneurosci.org)
For example, RAD18 plays a vital role in regulating the DNA stability of embryonic stem cells and cellular homeostasis in highly prolific cells [ 6 ]. (nature.com)

Methods: Cells from the MIA-PaCa-2, PANC-1, and HeLa cell lines were plated on gridded dishes and imaged using a multispectral fluorescence microscope. (edu.au)
Multispectral analysis of endogenous cell autofluorescence has been shown to be sensitive to changes in cell status and could be applied to the discrimination of cell cycle without these steps.Methods: Cells from the MIA-PaCa-2, PANC-1, and HeLa cell lines were plated on gridded dishes and imaged using a multispectral fluorescence microscope. (edu.au)
Live-cell fluorescence microscopy (LCFM) is a powerful tool used to investigate cellular dynamics in real time. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we describe a widely applicable nontoxic approach for measuring DNA content in live cells by fluorescence microscopy. (biomedcentral.com)
This method relies on introducing a live-cell membrane-permeant DNA fluorophore, such as Hoechst 33342, into the culture medium of cells at the end of any live-cell imaging experiment and measuring each cell's integrated nuclear fluorescence to quantify DNA content. (biomedcentral.com)
We also describe and provide an automated Matlab-derived algorithm that measures the integrated nuclear fluorescence in each cell and subsequently plots these measurements into a cell cycle histogram for each frame imaged. (biomedcentral.com)
DNA content is accurately assessed on a single cell basis by measuring the integrated nuclear fluorescence of a fluorophore that binds to DNA stoichiometrically. (biomedcentral.com)
To overcome this limitation, approaches incorporating laser scanning cytometry and fluorescence microscopy have been successful in quantifying DNA content in single cells [ 2 , 3 ], providing the capacity to combine this information with additional cellular parameters that can be elucidated by imaging. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we demonstrate that the dNTPase activity of SAMHD1 is regulated by acetylation, which promotes cell cycle progression in cancer cells. (oncotarget.com)
Collectively, these findings suggest that SAMHD1 acetylation enhances its dNTPase activity and promotes cancer cell proliferation. (oncotarget.com)
Low power laser irradiation (LPLI) promotes proliferation of multiple cells, which (especially red and near infrared light) is mainly through the activation of mitochondrial respiratory chain and the initiation of cellular signaling. (biomedcentral.com)

Although SAMHD1 is expressed ubiquitously throughout the human body, the molecular mechanisms regulating its enzymatic activity and function in non-immune cells are relatively unexplored. (oncotarget.com)
However, the mechanisms of cell proliferation induced by LPLI are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
They provide novel information on the mechanisms of cell-cycle progression and control, and have practical implications for oncology research. (edu.au)
In order to understand the development of adiposity, it is crucial to identify the factors and mechanisms that regulate the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of the vascular stromal fraction of the adipose tissue and its transformation into lipid-filled adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)

Traditionally, reporting DNA content has been accomplished with a high degree of accuracy in large cell populations using flow cytometry, a technique that allows the proportion of cells in each phase of the cell cycle to be calculated in a high-throughput fashion. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the measurement of DNA content by flow cytometry provides little resolution to the biology of individual cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Daughter cells that inherit these wrong bases carry mutations from which the original DNA sequence is unrecoverable (except in the rare case of a back mutation, for example, through gene conversion). (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, which cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states and function as molecular switches in signal transduction cascades. (cancerindex.org)
Modern approaches to treating cancer take advantage of critical biochemical differences between cancer cells and normal cells - from radiation therapy to chemotherapy to experimental gene therapy. (janechin.net)
In the 1970s, somatic cell genetic techniques were developed to allow the quantification and characterization of specific gene mutations arising in irradiated cultures of somatic cells. (nationalacademies.org)
We observe that each gene and its products have a unique set of DNA, RNA or protein motifs that encode a regulatory program to define the logical circuitry that guides the life cycle of these biomolecules, from transcription to degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of these genes identified an overrepresentation of genes related to the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) of D. hafniense DCB-2 and Y51 appears incomplete since they lack the gene coding for 2-oxoglutarate Chlormezanone dehydrogenase, and the cycle lacks the anaplerotic glyoxylate bypass (Figure 2). (screeninglibraries.com)
Mage-D1, also known as Dlxin-1 or NRAGE, was first cloned and identified as a new member of the type II melanoma-associated antigen gene family by Pold et al. (researchsquare.com)
In combination with a conditional gene inactivation approach, we expressed N-cad in the absence of E-cad (referred to as Ncadk.i.) in alveolar epithelial cells of the mammary gland starting in late pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Melatonin can disrupt estrogen-mediated cellular pathways, ensuing in a lattice drop of estrogenic stimulus to the breast cancer cells. (explorationpub.com)
In this review, we highlight that many of the key regulatory pathways of the cell are recruited by motifs and that the ease of motif acquisition has resulted in large networks of co-regulated biomolecules. (biomedcentral.com)

However, nuclear receptors are also associated with melatonin activity. (explorationpub.com)

Vitamin E succinate inhibits NF-kappaB and prevents the development of a metastatic phenotype in prostate cancer cells: implications for chemoprevention. (positivehealth.com)

The development of teeth is initiated by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, which form dental papilla cells and dental sac cells, subsequently forming pulp, dentin, cementum, periodontal ligament and proper alveolar bone, except enamel 1 - 4 . (researchsquare.com)
N-cadherin (N-cad, Cdh2) is initially expressed at the gastrulation stage when epiblast cells downregulate E-cad and undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (biomedcentral.com)

In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)
The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
on genome sequence should be carefully addressed, as observed in Clostridium acetobutylicum where both functional oxidative and reductive TCA cycles were confirmed experimentally in contrast to the previous genomic interpretation [15]. (screeninglibraries.com)
These are extremely hazardous for a cell, because if left unrepaired, DSBs can have pathological consequences, such as cell death, or drive cells to genomic instability and tumor development. (nature.com)

In contrast to THF, which induced a marked reduction in the number of cells in S phase and in the extent of PCNA immunolabeling, DPPC liposomes proved to be an effective delivery system that does not interfere with cell proliferation. (unipv.it)
In addition, the ACR-induced reproductive toxicity is associated with a dramatic reduction in testosterone level due to disruption of the Leydig cells steroidogenic pathway [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Activating mutations upstream may also underlie some epigenetic or within the ERK1/2 cascade are events that change cell signalling. (who.int)

SAM domain and HD domain containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase) that inhibits retroviruses by depleting intracellular deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) in non-cycling myeloid cells. (oncotarget.com)

However, the role of DRAM2 in the progression of human neoplasms is still unknown. (cancerindex.org)
Recent evidence suggests that the bicellular stem cell theory is the more probable etiology of salivary gland neoplasms. (medscape.com)

The mammalian cell cycle typically completes in 24 hours, where dramatic changes occur in cellular metabolism and cytoskeletal physiology. (janechin.net)

The light must be absorbed by the endogenous chromophores of cells or tissues for actions. (biomedcentral.com)
The tumor size and the number of proliferating cells were reduced in the tumor tissues obtained from the formononetin-treated group. (spandidos-publications.com)

Loss of interaction of DDB2 and PCNA affects negatively DNA repair efficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
We have previously demonstrated that the interaction between DDB2 and PCNA is important to remove DNA lesions by NER. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the mechanism through which RAD18 influences triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), especially the interaction between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, remains elusive. (nature.com)

Remarkably, the same TF cascade was found to be linked to stages of neuronal lineage progression in adult SGZ. (jneurosci.org)

DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)

Effect of beta-carotene on cell cycle progression of human fibroblasts. (unipv.it)
The uptake of beta-carotene (BC) and its effect on the cell cycle progression of normal human fibroblasts in primary culture were investigated by using two different delivery methods: exposure to BC solubilized in the organic solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF) or to BC incorporated into dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes. (unipv.it)
These results suggest that in normal human fibroblasts, BC induces a cell cycle delay in the G1 phase and that this effect is independent of conversion to known retinoids. (unipv.it)

The endocytosis mechanism of ACNVs was evaluated on Hep G2 cells in the presence of different endocytosis inhibitors. (dovepress.com)

J Cell Biol (2007) 179 (7): 1337-1345. (rupress.org)
J Cell Biol (2005) 169 (6): 841-846. (rupress.org)

DNA replication is pivotal to tumor cell proliferation and is a fundamental process. (biomedcentral.com)

The progression of cells through the cell cycle is regulated by a family of protein kinases known as the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). (biomedcentral.com)
To clarify this issue, we decided to apply a transfection-based assay, named Host Cell Reactivation (HCR), to investigate DNA lesions removal efficacy in the presence of DDB2 Wt protein or DDB2 mutated one. (biomedcentral.com)
Presented in conjunction with cells expressing a histone 2B-GFP fusion protein (H2B-GFP), we demonstrated how this method enabled chromosomal segregation errors to be tracked in cells as they progressed through cellular division that were later identified as either diploid or polyploid. (biomedcentral.com)
Probing protein ubiquitination in live cells. (tu-darmstadt.de)
Visualization and characterization of RNA-protein interactions in living cells. (tu-darmstadt.de)
DeMarini, and Chapter 20, by Rice and cell death determine the size protein in several signal ing path- and Herceg). (who.int)

In line with this observation, DCB-2 and Y51 are apparently capable of performing the reductive TCA cycle due to the possession of additional enzymes such as fumarate reductase and citrate lyase to potentially bypass the unidirectional steps of the conventional oxidative TCA cycle [14] (Figure 2). (screeninglibraries.com)

Two theories predominate: the bicellular stem cell theory and the multicellular theory. (medscape.com)

Cyclins regulate the cell cycle in association with cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs). (biomedcentral.com)

Excretory stem cells give rise to squamous cell and mucoepidermoid carcinomas, while intercalated stem cells give rise to pleomorphic adenomas, oncocytomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and acinic cell carcinomas. (medscape.com)
Squamous cell carcinomas arise from excretory duct cells, pleomorphic adenomas arise from the intercalated duct cells, oncocytomas arise from the striated duct cells, and acinic cell carcinomas arise from acinar cells. (medscape.com)
After therapy, the incidence of pleomorphic adenomas, mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas is increased. (medscape.com)
Tobacco and alcohol, which are highly associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, have not been shown to play a role in the development of malignancies of the salivary glands. (medscape.com)

However, a function for SET8 in mammalian cell proliferation has not been determined. (rupress.org)
The mammalian cell cycle is stringently regulated and orderly process by which a cell reproduces. (janechin.net)

Furtherly, activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway in glial cells participated in ICA-produced neuroprotection, as revealed by the following observations. (biomedcentral.com)
Our findings identify that ICA attenuated glial cells-mediated neuroinflammation and evoked DA neuroprotection via an Nrf2-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)

The process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events is called signal transduction. (screeninglibraries.com)

Benefiting from the basal plane activation of molybdenum disulfide and structural advantage of VMS, high stacking density of sulfur cathode is allowed for high areal and volumetric capacities of the electrodes together with the effective suppression of polysulfides shuttling and the expedited redox kinetics of sulfur species during cycling. (bvsalud.org)

Currently, use of cannabinoids is limited to improve adverse effects of chemotherapy and their palliative administration during treatment is curiously concomitant with improved prognosis and regressed progression in patients with different tumor types. (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy19

Organisms13

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs117

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Phenomena and Processes64

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Interacts4

Proteins13

Apoptosis13

Propidium iodide1

Development and progression4

Intermingled with endothelial cells1

Differentiation6

Synthesis6

Phosphorylation5

Antibody3

Factor erythroid 2-related factor2

Regulation8

Extracellular6

Decreased cell proliferation1

Immunohistochemistry2

Inhibition5

Processes8

Endothelial cells6

Cyclin depend2

Malignant4

Checkpoint1

CONCLUSIONS1

Dysregulation1

Colorectal3

Expression17

Metastasis2

Epithelial cell3

Growth9

Mice2

Marker1

Survival2

Tumors5

Checkpoints2

Vitro4

Angiogenesis2

Embryonic3

Fluorescence8

Promotes3

Mechanisms4

Flow cytometry2

Gene9

Pathways3

Receptors1

Phenotype1

Mesenchymal2

Genomic4

Reduction2

Mutations1

Intracellular1

Neoplasms2

Physiology1

Tissues2

Interaction3

Neuronal1

Initiation1

Fibroblasts3

Mechanism1

Biol2

Tumor cell proliferation1

Protein6

Oxidative1

Stem Cell1

Regulate1

Squamous cell4

Mammalian cell2

Nrf22

Chemical1

Redox1

Prognosis1