• The aim of this work was to study the protective activity of a honey of multifloral origin, standardized for total antioxidant power and analytically profiled (HPLC-MS) in antioxidants, in a cultured endothelial cell line (EA.hy926) subjected to oxidative stress. (researchgate.net)
  • In addition, oxygen-derived reactive oxygen species including hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen free radicals, such as superoxide, hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide radical, undergo a complicated sequence of electron transfer reactions with other biomolecules, which lead to their modified physiological functions and diverse biological and pathophysiological consequences (e.g. oxidative stress). (nih.gov)
  • The most notable initiators in living cells are reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as OH· and HOO·, which combines with a hydrogen atom to make water and a fatty acid radical. (wikipedia.org)
  • The fatty acid radical is not a very stable molecule, so it reacts readily with molecular oxygen, thereby creating a peroxyl-fatty acid radical. (wikipedia.org)
  • The end products of lipid peroxidation are reactive aldehydes, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), the second one being known also as "second messenger of free radicals" and major bioactive marker of lipid peroxidation, due to its numerous biological activities resembling activities of reactive oxygen h species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be generated when organisms are exposed to a material causing cellular damage such as lipid peroxidation, H2O2 production and DNA damage. (cdc.gov)
  • Oxidative stress, defined as a disturbance in the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) and antioxidant defenses, is discussed in relation to its possible role in the production of tissue damage in diabetes mellitus. (nih.gov)
  • There may be a causative link through the release of oxygen derived free radicals. (bmj.com)
  • When amiodarone is reduced, iodine is cleaved from the molecule which generated oxygen-free radicals. (bartleby.com)
  • During secondary injury, toxic oxygen free radicals are produced from excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction and the oxidative stress resulting from ischemia. (scireproject.com)
  • NewsTarget) Oxidative stress represents an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) and the body's ability to detoxify the reactive intermediates and repair the resulting damage. (naturalnews.com)
  • Free radicals are oxygen based molecules that can react with other molecules, change their structure, their function and cause harm. (alternative-medicine-clinics.com)
  • Elevated oxygen concentrations in vitro and in vivo reduce lipid peroxidation and hepatotoxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • Increased oxidative stress due to high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is proposed to be involved in pathogenesis of SS 5 . (bvsalud.org)
  • respiratory burst (the rapid release of Reactions of oxygen radicals with Mitochondrial oxidative phosphor- reactive oxygen species from cells) cel ular components can deplete an- ylation is a major source of oxy- that involves nicotinamide adenine tioxidants, can cause direct oxidative gen radicals of endogenous origin. (who.int)
  • to superoxide or that "autoxidize", and when coupled with catalase Oxygen radicals clearly contribute to probably through reactions catalysed within peroxisomes or with cytosolic genomic instability, are produced by by transition metals. (who.int)
  • 2011). Larger quantities of free radicals (reactive disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, and oxygen species [ROS]) present in the cigarette cancer (WHO, 2012). (bvsalud.org)
  • The chemical products of this oxidation are known as lipid peroxides or lipid oxidation products (LOPs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Buege, J.A. and Aust, S.D. (1978) Microsomal lipid per- oxidation. (scirp.org)
  • Native honey (1% w/v pH 7.4, 10(6) cells) showed strong quenching activity against lipophilic cumoxyl and cumoperoxyl radicals, with significant suppression/prevention of cell damage, complete inhibition of cell membrane oxidation, of intracellular ROS production and recovery of intracellular GSH. (researchgate.net)
  • The reduction of protein oxidation and lipids peroxidation by PS is related to antioxidants effect of this statin. (medsci.org)
  • On the other hand, no significant alterations in lipid oxidation or total glutathione content were observed upon exposure to both stresses tested. (bvsalud.org)
  • NO is also involved in cell kil ing but often used as a marker of oxidative Hanahan and Weinberg (2011), i n can also react with superoxide at DNA damage, although other bas- their landmark review "Hallmarks diffusion-limited rates to form per- es are also susceptible to oxidation. (who.int)
  • An alternative, pharmaceutical method employs the isotope effect on lipid peroxidation of deuterated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) at the methylene bridges (bis-allylic sites) between double bonds, which leads to the inhibition of the chain reaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hydroxyl free radical is highly reactive and is produced in abundant amounts when the body is under stress. (naturalnews.com)
  • The toxicity of lipid hydroperoxides to animals is best illustrated by the lethal phenotype of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) knockout mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • These animals do not survive past embryonic day 8, indicating that the removal of lipid hydroperoxides is essential for mammalian life. (wikipedia.org)
  • GR and GST- and the lipid peroxidation hydroperoxides and free radicals. (who.int)
  • Its unique signature that distinguishes it from other forms of cell death is the formation and accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides, particularly oxidized forms of polyunsaturated phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), which drives cell death. (cdc.gov)
  • full citation needed] If not terminated fast enough, there will be damage to the cell membrane, which consists mainly of lipids. (wikipedia.org)
  • The results suggest that oxidative damage of erythrocyte caused by phenyl hydrazine could be prevented by calcium channel antagonist, diltiazem, which may act as antioxidant also. (scirp.org)
  • Halder, J. and Bhaduri, A.N. (1998) Protective role of bla- ck tea against oxidative damage of human red blood cells. (scirp.org)
  • Braughler, J.M., Dyncan, L.A. and Goodman, T. (1985) Calcium enhances in vitro free radical induced damage to brain synaptosomes mitochondria and cultured spinal cord neurons. (scirp.org)
  • Silicon nanowires: free radical production and related damage in cellular exposures. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, we found that isolated islets from Chop -/- mice displayed increased expression of UPR and oxidative stress response genes and reduced levels of oxidative damage. (jci.org)
  • Examples of the possible consequences of free radical damage are provided with special emphasis on lipid peroxidation. (nih.gov)
  • Oxidative damage was not detected in the experimental common carp, however there were significant differences from control in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) in tissue after acute exposure to 13.8 μg.l-1 Fury 10 EW. (nel.edu)
  • It is particularly important in protecting the body's cells from free radical/oxidative damage. (supplementwarehouse.com)
  • Subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite led to severe oxidative damage in the lenticular tissues, shown by increased formation of formazan crystals, elevated generation of superoxide, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide radicals, and elevated inducible nitric oxide synthase gene and protein expression that possibly contributed to the opacification of the lens and thus cataract formation. (molvis.org)
  • Lipid peroxidation is a major cause of secondary nerve damage because the phospholipid membranes of neurons become oxidized and rupture ( Kavanagh & Kam 2001 ). (scireproject.com)
  • They are a sign of excessive oxidative stress and internal damage within the body. (naturalnews.com)
  • However, PQ produces damage to erythrocytes through free radicals production. (medsci.org)
  • Thus the protective effect of pravastatin (PS) against PQ induced oxidative damage to human erythrocytes was investigated in the current studies upon loading to erythrocytes. (medsci.org)
  • Oxidative damage and inflammation have been pointed out in preclinical studies as the root cause of cancer and other chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, etc. (blogspot.com)
  • This stress arrives in the form of protein, lipid (fat) peroxidation, carb and DNA damage. (alternative-medicine-clinics.com)
  • were used, suggest that when these free-radical scavengers are given intravenously within 12 to 16 hours after a high-dose acute CCl 4 exposure, they might prevent or decrease hepatic and renal damage [De Ferreyra et al. (cdc.gov)
  • The molecules most the study from the inpatient and outpatient exposed to damage by free radicals are the clinics of the National Liver Institute. (who.int)
  • In order to prevent oxidative damage, the antioxidant system presents a group of cellular enzymes (SOD, catalase and glutathione system) responsible for the control of free radicals. (bvsalud.org)
  • Amongst various factors, hypercholesterolemia is directly linked with obesity and is the primary trigger of underlying inflammation, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • His current projects involve using mass spectrometry to characterise oxidative modifications to the neutrophil protein calprotectin that may be useful as biomarkers of inflammation, and to identify proteins that are being oxidatively-modified during the early stages of necroptosis. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Metabolism of glutathione peroxidase, can further inflammation, and - along with oth- many exogenous agents through cy- convert these reactive species to er radical species - play key roles tochrome P450-mediated reactions wate r (Benzie, 2000) . (who.int)
  • One important heat shock protein is discussed further in the blog entry HSP70 to the rescue The relatively recent blog entries Mitohormesis and Radiation hormesis define hormesis in more detail and discuss it as it relates to mitochondrial oxidative stress and stress induced by radiation. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • Lu, C., Chan, S.L., Fu, W. and Mattson, M.P. (2002) The lipid peroxidation product 4-Hydroxyneal facilitates op- ening of voltage dependent Ca2+ channels in neurons by increasing protein tyrosine phosphorylation. (scirp.org)
  • Chowdhury, T.D., Das, N., Chattopadhyay, A. and Datta, A.G. (1999) Effect of oxidative stress and erythropoietin on cytoskeletal protein and lipid organization in human erythrocytes. (scirp.org)
  • These findings suggest that CHOP is a fundamental factor that links protein misfolding in the ER to oxidative stress and apoptosis in β cells under conditions of increased insulin demand. (jci.org)
  • Preterm infants are particularly susceptible to this effect of excess iron because of low oxidative defences and low levels of iron binding protein. (bmj.com)
  • It is impossible to measure free radicals directly in vivo, and it is necessary to rely on the quantification of their reaction products such as protein carbonyls, modified DNA, and lipid peroxidation products. (bmj.com)
  • When rat pups were treated with intraperitoneal administration of the extract of C. maritima , the generation of free radicals as well as the messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase were maintained at near normal levels. (molvis.org)
  • METHODS: The serum total oxidant status, total antioxidant status, oxidative stress index, prolidase and paraoxonase levels of 34 recurrent aphthous stomatitis patients (mean age 35.1) and 34 healthy controls (mean age 37.7) were compared in this study. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: We detected that the total oxidant status and oxidative stress index was higher in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis as compared to healthy controls. (bvsalud.org)
  • Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Total Oxidant Status (TOS) and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) are cumulative markers of oxidative stress. (bvsalud.org)
  • The aim of this work was to study that hypothesis at different molecular levels, investigating after oxidative and saline stress: (i) transcription of seven genes related to oxidative and/or saline responses, (ii) activity of two main anti-oxidative enzymes, (iii) existence of common metabolic intermediates, and (iv) generation of damages to biomolecules as lipids and proteins. (bvsalud.org)
  • These readily undergo iron-catalyzed secondary free radical reactions leading to truncated products which retain the signature PE headgroup and which can readily react with nucleophilic moieties in proteins via their truncated electrophilic acyl chains. (cdc.gov)
  • Polyunsaturated fatty acids in culinary oils undergo oxidative deterioration at temperatures of 150 °C (302 °F). The heating causes a free radical chain reaction, which oxidizes the PUFAs into hydroperoxide , which further decomposes into a complex mixture of secondary products. (wikipedia.org)
  • The chain reaction mechanism of lipid peroxidation primarily targets polyunsaturated fatty acids due to their multiple double bonds and the presence of reactive hydrogen atoms in the methylene bridges (-CH2-) between these bonds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among these signaling lipids, a particular group of oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), so called lipid mediators, has been thoroughly investigated over several decades. (cdc.gov)
  • It seems that Salvia officinalis L. extract exhibited anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective effects. (scirp.org)
  • These data suggest that MDMA-induced toxicity of dopamine neurones in mice results from free radical formation which in turn induces an oxidative stress process. (erowid.org)
  • We used electron spin resonance, analysis of lipid peroxidation, measurement of H2O2 production and the comet assay to assess generation of ROS from SiNW and define possible mechanisms. (cdc.gov)
  • Our results showed how expression of genes related to oxidative stress was induced by exposure to NaCl and KCl, and, vice versa, transcription of some genes related to osmotic/salt stress responses was regulated by H2O2. (bvsalud.org)
  • As a chelator of cuprous copper, thiourea inhibits this intermediate in oxidative reactions of cupric ion. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • This process afforded protection of bovine albumin from copper-mediated oxidative reactions. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • This process proceeds by a free radical chain reaction mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
  • If lipid peroxidation contributes to the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity and chronic lung disease, these results suggest an explanatory mechanism. (bmj.com)
  • However, the exact mechanism by which oxidative stress could contribute to and accelerate the development of complications in diabetic mellitus is only partly known and remains to be clarified. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Oxidative stress generates dangerous free radicals, which affect human health and exposing them to disease by altering the naturally structured cellular lining of human body subsequently causing lipid peroxidation and effects on enzyme activity as well as producing carcinogenesis. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Conclusion: Oxidative stress is implicated in the activation of MMPs, causing disruption in the blood-brain barrier, the latter are involved in the trafficking and passage of molecules in and out of the cell. (benthamscience.com)
  • Indeed, a number of signaling functions of (phospho)lipid molecules has been discovered. (cdc.gov)
  • Rutin prevents experimental selenite-induced cataractogenesis in rat pups, possibly by preventing depletion of antioxidant enzymes and of GSH, and by inhibiting lipid peroxidation. (molvis.org)
  • Finally, the question of whether oxidative stress is increased in diabetes mellitus is discussed. (nih.gov)
  • There is a growing scientific and public interest in connecting oxidative stress with a variety of pathological conditions including diabetes mellitus (DM) as well as other human diseases. (elsevierpure.com)
  • SOR), hydrogen peroxide, and 2, 2-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical activity by a model (most biological y active) of the anticancer plant was also evaluated. (who.int)
  • The hypothesis for this study was that lipid peroxidation, as evidenced by urinary MDA concentration, increases following blood transfusion. (bmj.com)
  • Ferroptosis is an iron dependent form of cell death, that is triggered by the discoordination of iron, lipids, and thiols. (cdc.gov)
  • MDMA administration increased lipid peroxidation in striatal synaptosomes, an effect reduced by approximately 60% by GBR 12909 pre- treatment. (erowid.org)
  • On the other hand, it's unclear whether dietary lipid peroxides are bioavailable and play a role in disease, as a healthy human body has protective mechanisms in place against such hazards. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is considerable effort dedicated to finding a way to make curcumin/turmeric more bioavailable, including lipid delivery systems, self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) , nanoparticulate delivery systems. (blogspot.com)
  • Important free radicals are described and biological sources of origin discussed, together with the major antioxidant defense mechanisms. (nih.gov)
  • Such D-PUFAs, for example, 11,11-D2-ethyl linoleate, suppress lipid peroxidation even at relatively low levels of incorporation into membranes. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the exposure of these cells to excessive levels of oxidative stress by too high levels of ROS or too low levels of antioxidative protection will render these cells dysfunctional thereby failing the fertilization process and causing couples to be infertile. (hindawi.com)
  • High levels of unmanaged oxidative stress accelerate aging and disease formation. (naturalnews.com)
  • Exercise enhances our metabolic rate and dramatically increases oxidative stress levels in our body. (naturalnews.com)
  • Although the relationship between recurrent aphthous stomatitis and oxidative stress has been extensively reviewed in the past, its relationship with prolidase enzyme levels has not been previously investigated. (bvsalud.org)
  • Objective: To evaluate the serum levels of oxidative stress markers in children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) and determine the relationship between these markers and disease severity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Gathering of lipids within arterial walls is the hallmark feature in atherosclerosis that leads to fatty streak and formation of lipid-foam cells in the intima of an artery, which ultimately gets hardened and forms plaque, thereby causing artery constriction and hardening resulting in full blockage in later stages [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Iron is concentrated intracellularly in mitochondria and disrupts oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in free radical formation and lipid peroxidation. (medscape.com)
  • MDMA (30 mg/kg x 3) increased the formation of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) from salicylic acid perfused through a probe implanted in the striatum, indicating that MDMA increased free radical formation. (erowid.org)
  • GBR 12909 pre-treatment attenuated the MDMA-induced increase in 2,3-DHBA formation by approximately 50%, but had no significant intrinsic radical trapping activity. (erowid.org)
  • The data also indicate that the free radical formation is probably not associated with the MDMA-induced dopamine release and that MDMA does not induce dopamine release via an action at the dopamine transporter. (erowid.org)
  • Therefore, preventing ROS production or scavenging of free radicals may be an effective strategy for preventing or delaying cataract formation or progression. (molvis.org)
  • What Causes Free Radical Formation? (alternative-medicine-clinics.com)
  • The therapeutic properties of honey, once considered a form of folk or preventive medicine, are acquiring importance for the treatment of acute and chronic free radical-mediated diseases (atherosclerosis, diabetes and cancer). (researchgate.net)
  • Effect of chronic exposure to prometryne on oxidative stress and antioxidant response in early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L. (nel.edu)
  • Previous experimental and clinical studies report that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis and development of complications of both types of DM. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These findings suggested that CA is an effective treatment approach for preventing atherosclerotic lesion progression attributed to protection against oxidative stress and various enzymatic activities in the Ath model. (hindawi.com)
  • The lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and the enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT) were measured in the cardiac muscle. (bvsalud.org)
  • The liver is one of the main organs that is that they are not distributed uniformly generates free radicals in different patho- throughout the liver, the periportal concen- logical conditions [ 1 ]. (who.int)
  • Thiourea is a free radical scavenger of the peroxide radical. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Researchers now believe that lactic acid may actually act as a free radical scavenger. (naturalnews.com)
  • Cumene hydroperoxide (CuOOH) was used as free radical promoter. (researchgate.net)
  • The hematological profile well oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant defensive systems provide important information about the internal environment of organisms. (nel.edu)