Opium alkaloids noscapine. Medical search. Frequent questions

3. Determination of morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine and narcotine in opium with remission measurement]. (nih.gov)
7. Cell cycle arrest and apoptogenic properties of opium alkaloids noscapine and papaverine on breast cancer stem cells. (nih.gov)
This extract includes a large number of molecules, including narcotic alkaloids (e.g., morphine and codeine), non-narcotic alkaloids (e.g., papaverine, thebaine, and noscapine), and non-alkaloids (e.g., sugars and meconic acid). (medscape.com)
The opium poppy also gives other alkaloids like codeine, papaverine, and so on. (herbs2000.com)
The latex also includes codeine and non-narcotic alkaloids such as papaverine, thebaine and noscapine. (absoluteastronomy.com)
The second type of alkaloids is often represented by papaverine and noscapine, and this of group chemicals are responsible for relaxes involuntary muscles. (betteraddictioncare.com)

Specifically, it excludes consumption of the pure alkaloids that can be extracted from opium (e.g. morphine and codeine), their semisynthetic modifications (e.g. heroin), or wholly synthetic opioid compounds (e.g. fentanyl). (who.int)
Under the federal drug scheduling system, opium is a Schedule II drug that serves as raw material for the production of a wide variety of opioid drugs , including morphine, codeine, hydromorphone, oxycodone, hydrocodone, and the illegal substance heroin. (betteraddictioncare.com)

Opium is the air-dried extract of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum . (medscape.com)
Opium is an addictive narcotic drug obtained from the juice (latex) of the unripe seed-pods of the opium poppy plant ( Papaver somniferum ). (who.int)
Science: A Papaver somniferum 10-Gene Cluster for Synthesis of the Anticancer Alkaloid Noscapine. (ampliconexpress.com)
Opium is a non-synthetic narcotic that is derived from the poppy plant, Papaver somniferum. (betteraddictioncare.com)
Opium is an extract of the exudate derived from seedpods of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum . (opioids.wiki)
Papaver somniferum is the only species of Papaver used to produce opium. (opioids.wiki)
Alkaloids found in OPIUM from PAPAVER and their derivatives that induce analgesic and narcotic effects by action upon OPIOID RECEPTORS. (jefferson.edu)

The biosynthesis of noscapine in P. somniferum begins with chorismic acid, which is synthesized via the shikimate pathway from erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate. (wikipedia.org)
Complete biosynthesis of noscapine and halogenated alkaloids in yeast. (nih.gov)

Noscapine, and its synthetic derivatives called noscapinoids, are known to interact with microtubules and inhibit cancer cell proliferation The lactone ring is unstable and opens in basic media. (wikipedia.org)
[ 1 ] Globally, an estimated 13-22 million people, mostly from Asian countries, consumed opium and its derivatives in 2008. (medscape.com)

Noscapine (also known as Narcotine, Nectodon, Nospen, Anarcotine and (archaic) Opiane) is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, of the phthalideisoquinoline structural subgroup, which has been isolated from numerous species of the family Papaveraceae (poppy family). (wikipedia.org)

The remainder of the noscapine biosynthetic pathway is largely governed by a single biosynthetic 10-gene cluster. (wikipedia.org)
Elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway will enable improvement in commercial production of noscapine and related bioactive molecules. (ampliconexpress.com)
Virus-induced gene silencing resulted in accumulation of pathway intermediates allowing gene function to be linked to noscapine synthesis and a novel biosynthetic pathway to be proposed. (ampliconexpress.com)

10. Antitumor activity of Noscapine in combination with Doxorubicin in triple negative breast cancer. (nih.gov)
Noscapine is an antitumor alkaloid from opium poppy that binds tubulin, arrests metaphase, and induces apoptosis in dividing human cells. (ampliconexpress.com)

The 1961 International Convention establishes strict controls on the cultivation of opium poppy, coca bush, cannabis plant and their products, which, in the Convention, are described as "narcotic drugs" (although cocaine is a stimulant drug rather than one that induces sleep). (legalserviceindia.com)

This Monographs evaluation applies only to opium, which is the minimally processed product derived from the unripe seed-pod of the poppy plant. (who.int)
Taking its name after the Greek word opion , meaning "poppy juice," opium is extracted from the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy plant. (betteraddictioncare.com)
Although ingestion of the drug is not typically practiced in the west, many people in developing countries where the poppy plant is still grown eat raw opium despite its bitter and unpleasant taste. (betteraddictioncare.com)

Although it is recognized that there is currently global interest in the epidemic of prescription opioid consumption, the present assessment is limited to carcinogenic hazards posed by the consumption of opium and does not address any potential carcinogenic hazards posed by other opiates or by opioids. (who.int)

Opium poppies have been cultivated actively by human beings even since Neolithic times, for perhaps medical, as well as spiritual reasons. (herbs2000.com)
For example, according to Greek legend, when the Goddess Demeter lost her daughter Persephone, she got into the habit of taking opium poppies in order to forget her sorrow. (herbs2000.com)
Similarly, the Greeks at Eleusis took opium poppies to forget their sorrows, while the Roman God of sleep, Somnus is seen in the company of opium poppies! (herbs2000.com)
While Ceres, the Roman fertility goddess used opium poppies to reduce pain, the Renaissance doctor Paracelsus insisted that opium poppies would one day prove to be a real source of immortality for human beings. (herbs2000.com)
it takes only days to cultivate the yeast used to produce noscapine, but it takes an entire growing season to raise a crop of opium poppies. (nih.gov)

Opium contains up to 12% morphine, an alkaloid, which is frequently processed chemically to produce heroin for the illegal drug trade. (absoluteastronomy.com)

Noscapine is often used as an antitussive medication. (wikipedia.org)
Pretreatment with rimcazole, a σ-specific antagonist, causes a dose-dependent reduction in antitussive activity of noscapine. (wikipedia.org)
A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent. (nih.gov)

Opium induces euphoria and helps to eliminate anxieties , fears, tensions, and fears, all of these being the effect sought by addicts wanting to escape the realities of life. (herbs2000.com)

9. Methyl 3-hydroxyimino-11-oxoolean-12-en-28-oate (HIMOXOL), a synthetic oleanolic acid derivative, induces both apoptosis and autophagy in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. (nih.gov)

By the year 300 BC, opium had become popular with Arabs, Romans, and Greeks as a sedative and soporific, and widely used in countries as diverse as Persia, India, Europe, China, and the Americas. (herbs2000.com)
The Arabs both used opium and organised its trade. (opioids.wiki)

Oral consumption of opium is commonly referred to as "opium eating", but it can also involve drinking liquid preparations that contain opium. (who.int)
Throughout Egyptian civilisation, priest-physicians promoted the household use of opium preparations. (opioids.wiki)

The specific chemicals or other constituents that contribute to the carcinogenicity of opium consumption are unknown. (who.int)

16. CKD712, a synthetic isoquinoline alkaloid, enhances the anti-cancer effects of paclitaxel in MDA-MB-231 cells through regulation of PTEN. (nih.gov)

Chorismic acid is a precursor to the amino acid tyrosine, the source of nitrogen in benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. (wikipedia.org)
The research team developed a strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that can produce noscapine from simple carbon and nitrogen sources through a biochemical pathway that involves 31 enzymes taken from a variety of sources including plants, mammals, and bacteria. (nih.gov)

Opium use, particularly in low doses, is a common practice among adults in northeastern Iran. (medscape.com)
Long-term opium use, even in low doses, is associated with increased risk of death from both malignant and nonmalignant digestive diseases. (medscape.com)
In low doses, opium may sometimes be pleasantly stimulating rather than soporific. (opioids.wiki)

Increased risks were seen both for smoking opium and for ingestion of opium. (medscape.com)
Opium is consumed in two main ways: by smoking and by ingestion (oral consumption). (who.int)

Nausea Vomiting Loss of coordination Hallucinations (auditory and visual) Loss of sexual drive Swelling of prostate Loss of appetite Dilated pupils Increased heart rate Shaking and muscle spasms Chest pains Increased alertness Loss of any sleepiness Loss of stereoscopic vision Noscapine can increase the effects of centrally sedating substances such as alcohol and hypnotics. (wikipedia.org)

Opiate Alkaloids" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (jefferson.edu)

Noscapine, a nonnarcotic cough suppressant that is also being investigated as a potential anticancer drug, currently has only one source-the opium poppy. (nih.gov)

They also used their engineered yeast strain to produce novel compounds related to noscapine, some of which might also be able to be developed into drugs. (nih.gov)

Several case-control studies and case series have suggested deleterious effects of opium consumption, associating its use with higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes and a variety of cancers. (medscape.com)
The meeting for IARC Monographs Volume 126: Opium Consumption, convened by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in Lyon, France, and held remotely, took place on 11-20 September 2020. (who.int)
The Working Group of 16 scientists from 10 countries evaluated the carcinogenicity of opium consumption. (who.int)
After thoroughly reviewing the available scientific literature, the Working Group classified opium consumption as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). (who.int)
The poppy latex needs only minimal processing to produce opium for consumption. (who.int)
In particular, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan are estimated to be the world's largest per capita consumers of raw or minimally processed opium, with more than 40% of global opium consumption occurring in the Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)
Although opium consumption has historically been associated with parts of eastern Asia, opium consumption in these areas is currently relatively low. (who.int)
The available epidemiological studies on opium consumption and cancer in humans have almost all been carried out in the Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)
There is scant information about opium consumption in other countries. (who.int)
In 2014, an IARC Advisory Group of experts recommended opium consumption as a high priority for evaluation by the IARC Monographs . (who.int)
2 The Advisory Group recognized that opium consumption is of considerable public health concern for the countries where it is consumed, and also that there were studies being conducted in these regions that could contribute evidence to the evaluation. (who.int)
What makes opium consumption carcinogenic to humans? (who.int)

Classical Greek physicians either ground the whole plant or used opium extract. (opioids.wiki)

Yet opium is still commonly used in other parts of the world, mainly in Western and Central Asia. (medscape.com)

Opium is a complex mixture, which contains many different chemical substances. (who.int)

Transcriptomic analysis revealed the exclusive expression of 10 genes encoding five distinct enzyme classes in a high noscapine-producing poppy variety, HN1. (ampliconexpress.com)

[ 2 ] A combination of criminalization of opium use, as well as availability of other psychoactive drugs such as cannabis, has resulted in lower use of opium in the developed world. (medscape.com)

Poppy is also known as opium poppy, and is grown for its high utility value rather than as a mere ornament. (herbs2000.com)
Because environmental factors such as pests, disease, and climate can threaten the poppy crop, which is only grown in a limited geographic area, other ways of producing noscapine are needed to ensure a stable supply of the drug. (nih.gov)

It was in the year 1803 that a 20 year old German pharmacist named Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner was able to successfully isolate one of opium poppy's main ingredients, morphine, and this made it the first ever alkaloid plant thus isolated. (herbs2000.com)
In 1804, morphine from poppy became one of the first alkaloids in the history of chemistry to be isolated successfully. (herbs2000.com)
Researchers from Stanford University and collaborating institutions have successfully synthesized noscapine, a potential anticancer drug, in yeast cells. (nih.gov)

We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to evaluate the association between opium use and outcomes of interest. (medscape.com)

The active pharmacological components of opium are found in its alkaloids, which can be grouped into two types. (betteraddictioncare.com)
In freebase form, the alkaloids found in opium are significantly less soluble in water than in alcohol. (opioids.wiki)

By the eighth century AD, opium use had spread to Arabia, India and China. (opioids.wiki)

The side effects of using opium vary depending on several factors, such as the person's size, weight, and health condition, how often the drug is used, whether or not opium is taken with other substances, and the amount and strength of the drug. (betteraddictioncare.com)

These reactions produce (S)-reticuline, a key branchpoint intermediate in the biosynthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. (wikipedia.org)

Opium is regarded as a dangerous substance with a high potential for abuse despite its medical benefits. (betteraddictioncare.com)

citation needed] Noscapine should not be taken in conjunction with warfarin as the anticoagulant effects of warfarin may be increased. (wikipedia.org)
5. Cytotoxic, anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of noscapine on human estrogen receptor positive (MCF-7) and negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines. (nih.gov)
Everyone has eaten ripened opium seed with no ill effects whatsoever. (herbs2000.com)
Opium has euphoric effects on the brain, and it causes relaxation and relief from pain. (betteraddictioncare.com)
What Are the Short-Term Side Effects of Using Opium? (betteraddictioncare.com)
What Are the Long-Term Effects of Using Opium? (betteraddictioncare.com)

A popular belief among lay people, and even perhaps among the older generation of physicians in Western and Central Asia, is that long-term use of low-dose opium can prolong survival by preventing chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. (medscape.com)

The opium poppy has been termed a boon to humanity, and a curse at the same time, because of the fact that although the herb can bring relief for a great number of maladies that a human being suffers from, it can also be a terrible curse to those people who happen to fall under its spell, since it is extremely addictive. (herbs2000.com)

According to the Drug Enforcement Administration, opium can come in solid, liquid, or powder form. (betteraddictioncare.com)
Opium is then sold in this solid, dark-brown gum form. (betteraddictioncare.com)

They then used multiple techniques to optimize noscapine production, leading to an 18,000-fold improvement in the amount produced. (nih.gov)

There are estimated to be about 5 million people worldwide who consume minimally processed opium. (who.int)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Opiate Alkaloids" by people in this website by year, and whether "Opiate Alkaloids" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (jefferson.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Opiate Alkaloids" by people in Profiles. (jefferson.edu)

Opium has long been used for medical and recreational purposes in many parts of the world, including Iran. (medscape.com)

Analysis of an F2 mapping population indicated the genes are tightly linked in HN1, and bacterial artificial chromosome sequencing confirmed they exist as a complex gene cluster for plant alkaloids. (ampliconexpress.com)

Egyptian pharaohs were entombed with opium artefacts by their side. (opioids.wiki)

1. Apoptotic effect of noscapine in breast cancer cell lines. (nih.gov)

It is a well known fact that the opium poppy is a very powerful plant, and its superior powers have been known even from the year 3000 BC, at which time it was known as the 'joy plant' by the Sumerians who apparently used it quite frequently. (herbs2000.com)

Papaverine6

Codeine2

Papaver7

Biosynthesis of noscapine2

Derivatives2

Narcotine1

Biosynthetic pathway3

Antitumor2

Narcotic1

Poppy plant3

Opiates1

Poppies5

Chemically1

Antitussive3

Euphoria1

Induces1

Arabs2

Preparations2

Chemicals1

Synthetic1

Nitrogen2

Doses3

Ingestion2

Centrally1

Descriptor1

Cough1

Compounds1

Consumption12

Extract1

Commonly1

Mixture1

Distinct1

Cannabis1

Grown2

Successfully3

Evaluate1

Found2

India1

Substances1

Produce1

High1

Effects6

Chronic1

Human1

Form2

Production1

People3

Parts1

Complex1

Side1

Effect1

Year1