DiseasesChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and Processes
OliguriaMannitolAnuriaAcute Kidney InjuryMannitol DehydrogenasesDiuretics, OsmoticKidney Tubular Necrosis, AcuteRhabdomyolysisDysuriaMannitol PhosphatesCritical IllnessWater-Electrolyte Balance
AnuriaExcretion of sodium and chlorideDiureticsIntraocular PressureExcreted by the kidneysIntravenousAzotemiaKidneysFreely filteredMagnesiumRenal functionOsmotic agentIndicationsDopamineUrineInfusionExtracellularFruits and vegetablesKidneyPulmonaryMechanismSeverePoorlySerumPatientsClinicalLargelyDehydrationBloodEffectsHoursAmountControlTreatmentWater
Anuria4
  • In some patients the syndrome is distinguished by oliguria or anuria, but today this classical feature of ARF is less predictable. (vin.com)
  • Oliguria and less frequently anuria were at one time considered signatures of ARF and discriminators for chronic renal failure. (vin.com)
  • However, mannitol is contraindicated in anuria secondary to renal disease, severe dehydration, intracranial bleeding (except during craniotomy), severe pulmonary congestion, or pulmonary edema. (wikipedia.org)
  • Urine flow must be monitored throughout therapy which must be stopped if anuria or severe oliguria develop. (guidelinecentral.com)
Excretion of sodium and chloride1
  • Mannitol will hinder tubular reabsorption of water and enhance excretion of sodium and chloride by elevating the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate. (healthjade.net)
Diuretics2
  • In clinical situations in which renal hypoperfusion or toxic injury is anticipated, therapy with fluids, mannitol, diuretics, and renal-dose dopamine is used to prevent or reverse renal injury. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, perioperative urine output is affected by volume status, anesthetic drugs, and the use of diuretics, and AKI is typically not diagnosed until oliguria has occurred for at least 6 to 12 hrs. (justia.com)
Intraocular Pressure1
  • This action underlies the role of mannitol in reducing intracranial pressure, intracranial edema, and elevated intraocular pressure. (healthjade.net)
Excreted by the kidneys1
  • Such mannitol is excreted by the kidneys and produces osmotic diuresis. (nih.gov)
Intravenous2
  • This increase in extracellular osmolarity effected by the intravenous administration of mannitol will induce the movement of intracellular water to the extracellular and vascular spaces. (healthjade.net)
  • A trial of intravenous (IV) mannitol or furosemide should be attempted in a patient with oliguria for less than 48 hours who has not responded to adequate hydration (although meta-analysis studies have failed to document a clear benefit that can be associated with the use of either furosemide or mannitol therapy). (medscape.com)
Azotemia1
  • Progressive renal damage or dysfunction after institution of mannitol therapy, including increasing oliguria and azotemia. (nih.gov)
Kidneys2
  • Osmotic diuresis is increased urination due to the presence of mannitol in the fluid filtered by the kidneys. (healthjade.net)
  • Mannitol is a medicine that is used to increase the amount of water removed from the blood and thus improve the blood flow to the kidneys. (wikipedia.org)
Freely filtered2
  • Mannitol is freely filtered by the glomeruli with less than 10% tubular reabsorption. (nih.gov)
  • Mannitol is freely filtered by the kidney's glomerulus and mannitol is poorly reabsorbed from the renal tubule, thereby causing an increase in osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate. (healthjade.net)
Magnesium3
  • sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride increases toxicity of mannitol by Other (see comment). (medscape.com)
  • mannitol decreases levels of magnesium chloride by increasing renal clearance. (medscape.com)
  • pregelatinized starch 12.00 mg 40.00 mg corn starch, calcium hydrogen phosphate (anhydrous) 73.96 mg mannitol 70.00 mg magnesium stearate 2.20 mg. (pharmru.com)
Renal function2
  • Renal function must be closely monitored during mannitol infusion. (nih.gov)
  • Mannitol can be used to treat oliguria associated with kidney failure or other manifestations of inadequate renal function and has been used for determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). (healthjade.net)
Osmotic agent2
  • Largely unexplored uses for mannitol include its use as an osmotic agent in place of dextrose in peritoneal dialysis solutions, its use to maintain urine output in patients newly begun on hemodialysis, and its use to limit infarct size following acute myocardial infarction. (nih.gov)
  • The mechanism of action of mannitol is as an osmotic agent 3 . (healthjade.net)
Indications1
  • If the patient with oliguria requires close monitoring of hemodynamic status or if indications for acute dialysis are present, transfer the patient to a center with ICU facilities. (medscape.com)
Dopamine1
  • The renal insult, type of animal used, and concomi- study drug was assigned to patients according to the random tant use of other drugs (mannitol, dopamine). (marysfamilymedicine.org)
Urine4
  • Closely monitor the urine output and discontinue mannitol infusion promptly if output is low. (nih.gov)
  • Inadequate urine output results in accumulation of mannitol, expansion of extracellular fluid volume and could result in water intoxication or congestive heart failure. (nih.gov)
  • Mannitol causes additional water to come into the urine, increasing its amount. (healthjade.net)
  • In this fashion, approximately 80% of a 100 gram dose of mannitol will appear in the urine in three hours with lesser amounts thereafter. (healthjade.net)
Infusion2
  • The diuresis after rapid infusion of mannitol may increase preexisting hemoconcentration. (nih.gov)
  • Shift of sodium-free intracellular fluid into the extracellular compartment after mannitol infusion may lower serum sodium concentration and aggravate preexisting hyponatremia. (nih.gov)
Extracellular2
  • Mannitol may be useful clinically both as a diuretic and as an obligate extracellular solute. (nih.gov)
  • Mannitol, when administered intravenously, exerts its osmotic effect as a solute of relatively small molecular size being largely confined to the extracellular space. (healthjade.net)
Fruits and vegetables2
  • Mannitol occurs naturally in fruits and vegetables, and is metabolically inert in humans. (nih.gov)
  • Mannitol is a naturally occurring alcohol found in fruits and vegetables and mannitol is used as an osmotic diuretic and a renal diagnostic aid. (healthjade.net)
Kidney1
  • Mannitol is readily diffused through the glomerulus of the kidney over a wide range of normal and impaired kidney function. (healthjade.net)
Pulmonary2
  • Progressive heart failure or pulmonary congestion after mannitol therapy is started. (nih.gov)
  • Fluid management prescribed by the protocol allowed choice of isotonic crystalloid, albumin, or blood products (although volumes were dictated) in patients who were not in shock but had oliguria or ineffective circulation with central venous pressure or pulmonary artery occlusion pressure below the target range. (silverchair.com)
Mechanism1
  • mannitol increases levels of tobramycin by unspecified interaction mechanism. (medscape.com)
Severe2
Poorly1
  • Mannitol is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. (nih.gov)
Serum2
Patients1
  • Mannitol solution must be used with caution in patients with significant cardiopulmonary or renal dysfunction. (nih.gov)
Clinical1
  • Mannitol therapy is widely used in the clinical setting for acute and subacute reduction in brain edema, to decrease muscle damage in compartment syndrome, and to improve renal perfusion 1 . (healthjade.net)
Largely1
  • Mannitol has little significant energy value as it is largely eliminated from the body before any metabolism can take place. (healthjade.net)
Dehydration1
  • Consult a pediatric nephrologist for management of all cases of oliguria, except in children with prerenal insufficiency from dehydration who have promptly responded to fluid therapy or those with mild nephrotoxic injury who have responded to discontinuation of the drug. (medscape.com)
Blood1
  • In addition, mannitol elevates blood plasma osmolarity, resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues into interstitial fluid and plasma. (healthjade.net)
Effects1
Hours1
  • Mannitol has a half-life of approximately 36 hours during the intervals without treatment. (healthjade.net)
Amount1
  • The amount of mannitol absorbed intravascularly during transurethral prostatic surgery is variable and depends primarily on the extent of the surgery. (nih.gov)
Control1
  • Mannitol is also commonly used as a research tool in cell biological studies, usually to control osmolarity. (healthjade.net)
Treatment1
Water1
  • With continued use of mannitol a loss of water in excess of electrolytes can cause hypernatremia. (nih.gov)