• AVGAS is a gasoline containing tetra-ethyl lead (TEL), which gives it a high octane number. (totalenergies.com)
  • This leaded fuel contains tetra-ethyl-lead (TEL), which is an additive used to prevent engine damage at higher power settings. (environmentalistsforeurope.org)
  • Avgas contains tetra ethyl lead -it is used as an octane enhanser - one or two tankfull should be enough to kill the cat! (exploroz.com)
  • LPG benefits consist of it is non-toxic, non-corrosive and free of tetra-ethyl lead or whichever additives. (forkliftattachments.ca)
  • The April 22, 2022 Veritasium video The Man Who Accidentally Killed The Most People In History mentions several aspects of the historical use of tetra-ethyl lead in gasoline, the resulting widespread distribution of lead in the environment and within people, and the consequences of that. (stackexchange.com)
  • Avgas actually comes in several grades, all manufactured to an ASTM standard (D910), with specific physical properties and specific permitted and required additives (such as Tetra-Ethyl Lead - TEL). The grade (octane rating) of aviation gasoline is identified by colored dyes added to the blend. (sml-energy.com)
  • 5) may blend the gasoline with a detergent additive, an antiknock additive, or an additive designed to replace tetra-ethyl lead, that is registered by the EPA. (mn.gov)
  • FAA Administrator Michael Huerta said: 'The FAA knows the general aviation community and the Environmental Protection Agency are focused on this issue, and we look forward to collaborating with fuel producers to make an unleaded avgas available for the general aviation fleet. (wingsmagazine.com)
  • The latest move by the FAA is in response to the July 2012 Unleaded Avgas Transition Aviation Rulemaking Committee report which stated that a 'drop-in' unleaded replacement fuel is unavailable and may not be technically viable. (wingsmagazine.com)
  • Therefore, an industry-government led initiative called the Piston Aviation Fuels Initiative (PAFI) will support the development and deployment of a new unleaded avgas with the least impact on the existing piston-engine aircraft fleet. (wingsmagazine.com)
  • According to the FAA, there are about 167,000 aircraft in the U.S. and a total of 230,000 worldwide that depend on 100 low lead avgas for safe operation. (wingsmagazine.com)
  • The 100 low lead avgas is the sole transportation fuel in the country that comprises tetraethyl lead (TEL), a toxic substance, to generate high octane levels needed for high-performance of the aircraft engines. (wingsmagazine.com)
  • Specially designed for aircraft with spark-ignition piston engines, AVGAS 100LL is a blue aviation gasoline with a high octane number. (totalenergies.com)
  • So they have been designed to use fuels with high octane ratings, such as AVGAS 100LL, where 100 is the aviation lean rating, and LL stands for low lead. (totalenergies.com)
  • Commercial planes, private jets, and general aviation aircraft widely use Jet fuel and AVGAS. (aviationa2z.com)
  • AVGAS is the only available fuel that even manages charges of tetraethyl lead additive. (aviationa2z.com)
  • In order to accomplish this task, GA has several options to consider, including Avgas alternatives such as renewable biofuel, fleet-wide modification or to continue searching for a "drop-in" replacement that will meet or exceed the current engine specifications. (upperlimitaviation.edu)
  • Because petroleum is a finite natural resource, a long-term solution is to replace Avgas and other petroleum-based fuel with renewable energy. (upperlimitaviation.edu)
  • To support the reduction in Pb emissions, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has set a goal of 2018 for the procurement of an avgas alternative that is usable in most piston-engine aircraft (FAA, 2013). (upperlimitaviation.edu)
  • Currently, the FAA has entered Phase 2 of the Piston Aviation Fuel Initiative (PAFI), a program designed to evaluate potential avgas alternatives for suitability as a drop-in replacement for 100LL. (upperlimitaviation.edu)
  • The most common and reliable type of avgas is 100 octane Low Lead, also known as 100LL. (environmentalistsforeurope.org)
  • Hi Phil, As dicussed, the lead in AVGAS will poison catalyst substrate and in addition will kill the oxygen sensor. (exploroz.com)
  • Despite promising to issue a full STC for G100UL avgas in May, the FAA still hasn't announced expanded approval for the fuel and the agency has declined to answer AVweb's queries on when the approval process will be completed. (avweb.com)
  • Although the 100LL avgas is refined to meet the industry standard ASTM D910, the FAA's own guidance says an independent specification for fuels and oils is specifically allowed, Braly said. (avweb.com)
  • Red: AvGas 80 (80/87 Octane) Generally 100LL is the most widely available aviation fuel because it works in the widest range of engines. (sml-energy.com)
  • For those of you who may not be familiar with aviation, the fuel used in aircraft is made the old fashioned way because it uses tetraethyl lead to increase the octane rating. (k0lee.com)
  • These aircraft burn fuel containing tetraethyl lead, an additive used to boost octane levels and keep the engines running smoothly. (pulitzercenter.org)
  • While there were other available chemicals like ethanol and tellurium that could similarly provide the octane boost to reduce knocking, leaded gasoline was easier and cheaper to produce, and unlike tellurium, it didn't reek of garlic . (mentalfloss.com)
  • Eventually aromatics were deemed too toxic so now ethanol is added to gasoline to help boost the octane rating because ethanol burns cleaner [1]. (petro-online.com)
  • Since you decide how much octane boost you need, O S costs no more than and often costs less than fixed octane racing fuels. (wildbillscorvette.com)
  • It has been engineered to help improve fuel economy help boost engine performance, reduce maintenance and provide cleaner emissions. (esso.ca)
  • It was partly necessary, to reduce engine knocking, wear and tear, and boost octane. (planetprotein.com)
  • however, there are several types, such as hydrogen fuel (for automotive uses), ethanol, and biodiesel, which are also categorized as a liquid fuel. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sometimes, gasoline also contains ethanol as an alternative fuel , for economic or environmental reasons. (wn.com)
  • Ethanol, produced from grains and other plant matter, burns well in gasoline engines and is a desirable fuel because of its renewability. (britannica.com)
  • Alcohol fuels such as ethanol have recently been touted as cutting-edge, future fuels, clean alternatives to gasoline or diesel. (198automobilenews.com)
  • I agonized over the decision over whether to use a high or low compression engine in the Cozy but I figured that with all the aircraft fleet that need 100LL, there would be some fuel developed that would come to the rescue, possibly an ethanol based biofuel . (k0lee.com)
  • Our fuel should not be confused with first-generation biofuels like E-85 [85 percent ethanol], which don't compete well right now with petroleum," Rusek said. (k0lee.com)
  • They both give octane ratings for fuels up to 25% v/v of ethanol. (petro-online.com)
  • Ethanol was an interesting exception, it did stop the knocking, but you needed a lot of it, about 10% of the fuel mixture to be effective. (stackexchange.com)
  • It far surpasses the benefits derived from tetraethyllead (TEL), MTBE, MMT, ethanol and other antiknock compounds, while having none of the negative environmental effects of those compounds. (alanroth.net)
  • Santa Clara County was one of the first (and only) places to ban the sale of leaded fuel due to the startling statistics about the harm it causes. (pulitzercenter.org)
  • China's Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law bans the production, import, and sale of leaded fuels. (environmentalistsforeurope.org)
  • A diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine which ignites fuel by injecting it into a combustion chamber previously compressed with air (which in turn raises the temperature) as opposed to using an outside ignition source, such as a spark plug. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1921, a General Motors researcher discovered that adding tetraethyl lead to gasoline reduced "engine knock" in cars, when pockets of air and fuel explode in the wrong place and time in a combustion engine. (mentalfloss.com)
  • Gasoline / ˈ ɡ æ s ə l iː n / , also known as petrol / ˈ p ɛ t r ə l / outside of North America , is a transparent, petroleum -derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in internal combustion engines . (wn.com)
  • This allows the fuel to be used in engines with higher compression ratios without detonating, which can damage the structure of the combustion chamber. (totalenergies.com)
  • Gasoline is burned in an internal-combustion engine to provide energy to power automobiles, airplanes, and other machinery. (britannica.com)
  • Some chemicals prolong the storage of gasoline, some clean or lubricate or prevent rust in the engine, some help start the engine in freezing weather, and some improve the efficiency of the combustion of gasoline. (britannica.com)
  • The earliest internal combustion engines, such as the Model A, were designed to run on either alcohol or gas, and small, inexpensive modifications can be made to allow modern vehicles to run on alcohol. (198automobilenews.com)
  • Gasoline or petrol is a fuel, derived from petroleum crude oil , for use in spark-ignited internal combustion engines . (citizendium.org)
  • From the viewpoint of performance when used in automotive spark-ignited internal combustion engines, the most important characteristic of a gasoline is its octane rating (discussed later in this article). (citizendium.org)
  • Definition of antiknock : serving or intended to prevent detonation in the combustion process of an internal-combustion engine an antiknock agent an anti-knock fuel additive. (environmentalistsforeurope.org)
  • A combustion reaction takes place in engines that ignite the fuel and produce work and combustion reactions result in high temperatures. (petro-online.com)
  • LPG is often referred to as auto propane or autogas when utilized for fuel of internal combustion engines. (forkliftattachments.ca)
  • Some emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels are innocuous. (rentar.com)
  • Under ideal circumstances, the only emissions from the combustion of fossil fuel would be carbon dioxide and water. (rentar.com)
  • Because there are contaminants in fossil fuels, combustion engines create a large number of emission types. (rentar.com)
  • For combustion engines, boilers and stoves that burn a lean mixture, oxygen is another emission. (rentar.com)
  • While many of the emissions of different fossil fuels are the same - carbon dioxide and water, for example - each fossil fuel also produces emissions unique to their combustion qualities. (rentar.com)
  • In addition to the chemical composition of gasoline, gasoline engines are different than other combustion mechanisms. (rentar.com)
  • Antiknock, also known as octane rating, is a measure of the gasoline's ability to resist knocking or pinging during combustion. (esso.ca)
  • Since it is gasoline vapor rather than liquid fuel that ignites, the air-to-fuel mixture must be correct for smooth combustion. (esso.ca)
  • Gasoline (American English), or petrol (British English), is a transparent, petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in spark-ignited internal combustion engines. (pngimg.com)
  • The public first learned of this new technology in a paper that was presented to the American Chemical Society by Professor Emeritus (American University) Dr. Paul Waters, entitled "New Concepts in Octane Boosting of Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines" in August, 2000. (alanroth.net)
  • A smaller, more uniform droplet size is created, deposition on walls in the intake and combustion areas is inhibited and early vaporization of the more volatile components of the fuel is reduced. (alanroth.net)
  • Modification of the heat release rate from combustion of the fuel gives octane value, reduces fuel consumption and reduces exhaust emissions. (alanroth.net)
  • Gasolines are rated for antiknock properties by the octane number. (britannica.com)
  • Premium leaded gasolines have a Research octane rating of about 100, but this value drops to 85-90 for unleaded gasolines, though it may be improved by addition of methyl-tert-butyl ether . (cargohandbook.com)
  • TEL was designed to increase octane quality of gasolines, deliver superior engine performance and reduce engine maintenance. (innospec.com)
  • ExxonMobil Aviation Gasoline is leaded fuel satisfying the requirements of ASTM D910, Standard Specification for Aviation Gasolines and DEF STAN 91-090 (DERD 2485). (exxonmobil.com)
  • Benzol - A clear, odorless, flammable liquid used as an early motor fuel, or as an early additive in gasolines. (petrolmaps.co.uk)
  • Engineered with 7 key ingredients to help improve fuel economy,** Synergy gasolines provide lower emissions and improved engine responsiveness** and are designed to provide corrosion protection and improved performance compared with gasolines meeting minimum government detergency standards. (esso.ca)
  • Unfortunately, it came at a high cost for the refinery workers that produced leaded gasoline (who many of whom were sickened, driven mad , and killed by their exposure to it) and the environment as a whole. (mentalfloss.com)
  • The octane number measures the fuel's ability to resist compression without detonating, which is the most important property for this kind of fuel. (totalenergies.com)
  • Provides the best overall effect on raising your fuel's octane level. (klmperformance.com)
  • Since the Twenties, tetraethyl lead had been added to gasoline to raise the fuel's octane rating, which allowed for higher compression ratios and, as a result, improved engine performance and fuel economy. (niceretrotube.com)
  • An antiknock agent is a gasoline additive used to reduce engine knocking and increase the fuel's octane rating by raising the temperature and pressure at which auto-ignition occurs. (environmentalistsforeurope.org)
  • Much late motor exploration has concentrated on improving the comprehension of start, which is exceptionally subject to the fuel's compound organization, and furthermore on expanding the nature of the air-fuel blend for improved burning productivity. (kyrion.in)
  • Only relatively recently has it been considered a threat to human health, starting with the banning for example of lead in vehicle fuel emissions. (aquaphor.com)
  • The synthetic fuel is 15 to 20 percent more fuel-efficient, has no sulfur emissions, requires no stabilizers, has a 30-degree lower freezing point than 100LL, introduces no new carbon emissions, and is lead-free, Rusek said. (k0lee.com)
  • The health hazards, loss of IQ points, and associated costs of lead (Pb) fuel emissions leaves only one option for the General Aviation (GA) fleet: stop using leaded fuel. (upperlimitaviation.edu)
  • Although it survived to a ripe old age, the second-gen Camaro has never inspired the same nostalgia as its beloved 1967-1969 predecessor, perhaps because it arrived in the fray of one of the most contentious public debates of the 20th century: the battle over automotive emissions and the use of lead as a gasoline additive. (ateupwithmotor.com)
  • Tetraethyl lead was phased out due to tighter restrictions on emissions, and aromatics became a popular anti-knock additive. (petro-online.com)
  • Recent studies have examined liquefied petroleum fuel and oil mixtures and found that even though fuel consumption and smoke emissions are reduced, hydrocarbon emissions are increased. (forkliftattachments.ca)
  • And, every fossil fuel produces different rates emissions. (rentar.com)
  • And, just as every fossil fuel is different, so too are the emissions from those fossil fuels. (rentar.com)
  • As a result, nitrogen composes the vast majority of all fossil fuel emissions. (rentar.com)
  • Equally important with respect to the production of emissions are the types of engines, stoves, furnaces, and boilers that combust different fossil fuels. (rentar.com)
  • So, the emissions produced by gasoline are more diverse than those produced by other fossil fuels. (rentar.com)
  • Unlike the aforementioned antiknock compounds that are used mainly for controlling knock, GTA FE/Viscon goes further by greatly decreasing CO, HC and NOx emissions, while significantly increasing performance and improving fuel economy. (alanroth.net)
  • These engines contribute an unequal share of the harmful exhaust emissions in the environment. (alanroth.net)
  • GTA FE/Viscon greatly reduces fuel consumption and emissions in 2-cycle engines. (alanroth.net)
  • And if the Check Engine light is on and misfire codes (or any other codes) are present, the vehicle won't pass an OBD II plug-in emissions test. (underhoodservice.com)
  • When catalytic converters became standard in 1975 to reduce tailpipe emissions, lead was eliminated as a gasoline additive. (underhoodservice.com)
  • Misfires are bad news because they cause a noticeable loss of power and fuel economy, and a less obvious but very measurable increase in unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. (underhoodservice.com)
  • Oxygen sensors were first used for fuel trim and emissions in the late 1970s and into the mid 1990s. (techshopmag.com)
  • The current Federal OBD II warranty period for an oxygen sensor is two years or 24,000 miles, whichever comes first, but with proper care and the right fuel diet, the oxygen sensor should be a maintenance-free emissions system component. (techshopmag.com)
  • Tetraethyl lead, also known as TEL, used to be a very popular means to improve the octane rating of petrol/diesel for increasing a vehicle's efficiency. (aquaphor.com)
  • It is undesirable in petrol, because it burns explosively, causing engine knocking, as opposed to branched-chain octane isomers, which burn more slowly and give better performance. (cargohandbook.com)
  • In some places of the globe, it has been used as a petrol alternative for spark ignition engines since the 1940s. (forkliftattachments.ca)
  • Liquefied petroleum gas even has a high octane reading and burns a lot more cleanly than petrol or fuel-oil and is free of the particulates present in fuel-oil. (forkliftattachments.ca)
  • Various governments impose much less tax on LPG than on fuel-oil or on petrol to be able to help offset the greater consumption of LPG than of the other two fuel sources. (forkliftattachments.ca)
  • In certain European nations, this tax break is compensated by a much higher annual road tax on the vehicles using liquefied petroleum gas instead of automobiles utilizing petrol or fuel-oil. (forkliftattachments.ca)
  • The object of the higher compression ratio is to take advantage of the modern petrol fuels with high octane values (see the chapter "Modern Aero Engines" ). (wondersofworldaviation.com)
  • Alternative Motor Fuels - Collective name for gaseous or vegetable-derived fuels such as Biodiesel , bioethanol , Palm Diesel , CNG/NGV (compressed natural gas for vehicles) , Gasohol , Hydrogen and LPG , that have been introduced on a regional or experimental basis as alternatives to gasoline (petrol) and diesel. (petrolmaps.co.uk)
  • In this page you can download PNG image - Fuel, petrol PNG . (pngimg.com)
  • Fuel, petrol PNG with transparent background you can download for free, just click on download button. (pngimg.com)
  • Regardless of what octane you use for your bike, one thing you want to be aware of is that gasoline, petrol, go-juice, or whatever you prefer to call it, does not store indefinitely. (motorcycleintelligence.com)
  • The Fuel Hydrocarbons are additive compounds that contain both Carbon and Hydrogen. (klmperformance.com)
  • These Saturated Hydrocarbons have a high octane rating and carry additional carbon atoms which produce more energy when burned. (klmperformance.com)
  • Unlike other alternative fuels, Rusek said, SwiftFuel is made of synthetic hydrocarbons that are derived from biomass, and it can provide an effective range greater than 100LL, while costing about half as much to produce. (k0lee.com)
  • Paraffinic hydrocarbons ( alkanes ) wherein all of the carbon atoms are in a straight chain have the lowest octane ratings. (citizendium.org)
  • Hydrocarbons with more complicated configurations such as aromatics , olefins and branched paraffins have much higher octane ratings. (citizendium.org)
  • Every fossil fuel is a composition of different hydrocarbons. (rentar.com)
  • Fossil fuels are mixtures of different hydrocarbons. (rentar.com)
  • Hydrocarbons and related oxygen-containing molecules are by far the most common source of fuel used by humans, but other substances, including radioactive metals, are also utilized. (pngimg.com)
  • Aviation turbine fuel is a complex mixture predominantly composed of hydrocarbons and varies depending on crude source and manufacturing process. (sml-energy.com)
  • Conventionally refined jet fuel contains trace levels of materials that are not hydrocarbons, including oxygenates, organosulfur, and nitrogenous compounds. (sml-energy.com)
  • cloud point for diesel fuels, the temperature at which dissolved waxy compounds begin to coalesce, and pour point, the temperature below which the fuel is too thick to pour freely. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, many aromatic compounds (carbon chains forming rings) such as benzene are found naturally in gasoline and cause the health risks associated with prolonged exposure to the fuel. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tetraethyllead and other lead compounds are no longer used in most areas to regulate and increase octane-rating, but many other additives are put into gasoline to improve its chemical stability, control corrosiveness and provide fuel system 'cleaning,' and determine performance characteristics under intended use. (wn.com)
  • Compounds of lead in water are toxic even in small concentrations and can accumulate in bones, and with time heavily affect both the central and peripheral nervous systems. (aquaphor.com)
  • One of the greatest advantages conferred by the use of alcohol is the elimination of extremely harmful compounds like tetraethyl lead, benzene, toluene, sulfur and many others. (198automobilenews.com)
  • They also produce a synergistic effect when used with certain organometallic compounds to produce higher octane ratings than if they are used by themselves. (klmperformance.com)
  • Russell Marker helped develop the octane rating system for gasoline, but his real gift was for synthesizing organic compounds, most notably hormones. (sciencehistory.org)
  • In the 1930s tetraethyl lead was added to gasoline (called ethyl gasoline) to help the fuel burn smoothly without exploding, or knocking. (britannica.com)
  • Detergents are added to gasoline to help clean vital engine parts, including fuel injectors and intake valves. (esso.ca)
  • Toluene , Reference Fuel Grade shall be no less than 99.5 % by volume pure. (sh-sinpar.com)
  • Increasing the octane rating has, in the past, been achieved by adding 'anti-knock' additives such as lead-tetra-ethyl. (wikipedia.org)
  • At Ethyl, Marker helped develop the standard gasoline against which "octane" is rated. (sciencehistory.org)
  • The compound, manufactured by the action of ethyl chloride on a powdered alloy of lead and sodium, is a dense, colourless liquid that is quite volatile, boiling at about 200 °C (400 °F). The molecule consists of a single atom of lead (Pb) bonded to four ethyl groups (CH2CH3) through a carbon (C) atom. (environmentalistsforeurope.org)
  • Ethyl (Lead Tetraethyl) is best known, but others used include Boron , ICA and F-310 . (petrolmaps.co.uk)
  • Octane number equates to the anti-knock qualities of a comparison mixture of heptane and isooctane which is expressed as the percentage of isooctane in heptane and is listed on pumps for gasoline dispensed in the United States and internationally. (cargohandbook.com)
  • Pure normal heptane (a very high-knocking fuel) is arbitrarily assigned an octane number of zero, while 2,2,4-trimethylpentane or isooctane (a branched-chain paraffin ) is assigned 100. (cargohandbook.com)
  • Thus, a rating of 80 for a given fuel indicates that its degree of knocking in a standard test engine is that of a mixture of 80 parts isooctane and 20 parts n-heptane. (cargohandbook.com)
  • Octane ratings as high as 115 have been obtained by addition of tetraethyllead to isooctane. (cargohandbook.com)
  • Isooctane shall be no less than 99.75 % by volume pure, contain no more than 0.10 % by volume n-heptane, and contain no more than 0.5 mg ⁄L (0.002 g ⁄U.S. gal) of lead. (sh-sinpar.com)
  • 80 octane PRF blend , prepared using reference fuel grade isooctane and n-heptane shall contain 80 % ± 0.1 % by volume isooctane. (sh-sinpar.com)
  • There are two different octane numbers that are tested for. (petro-online.com)
  • There are different ways to calculate octane, and in Europe a different octane rating calculation is accepted as the standard. (motorcycleintelligence.com)
  • Liquid fuels are contrasted with solid fuels and gaseous fuels. (wikipedia.org)
  • Physical properties of liquid fuels vary by temperature, though not as greatly as for gaseous fuels. (wikipedia.org)
  • The composition of aviation gasoline which they initially used, included 20 percent alkylate and 4-1/2 cc. of tetraethyl lead per gallon. (fischer-tropsch.org)
  • Aviation Gasoline 100LL (dyed blue) is a lower lead version of Aviation Gasoline 100 (0.56g lead /litre Max). (exxonmobil.com)
  • Aviation Gasoline 100LL has been approved by the major aircraft engine manufacturers for use in aircraft engines originally designed for operation on the following grades: 80/87, 100/130, and the discontinued 91/98. (exxonmobil.com)
  • Heptane is a fuel that knocks violently. (britannica.com)
  • Iso-octane is given a rating of 100, whereas heptane is rated 0. (britannica.com)
  • Engine performance of a particular gasoline is compared to the performance of iso-octane and heptane fuel. (britannica.com)
  • An octane number of 90 means that it compares to the performance a mixture of 90 percent iso-octane and 10 percent heptane would give. (britannica.com)
  • Heptane is commercially available as mixed isomers for use in paints and coatings, as the rubber cement solvent "Bestine", the outdoor stove fuel "Powerfuel" by Primus, as pure n-Heptane for research and development and pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a minor component of gasoline. (cargohandbook.com)
  • Octane rating scale n-Heptane is the zero point of the octane rating scale. (cargohandbook.com)
  • Other sources of heptane and octane, produced from crude oil , contain a mixture of different isomers with greatly differing ratings and do not give as precise a zero point. (cargohandbook.com)
  • Dilute Tetraethyllead (Commonly referred to as TEL Dilute Volume Basis) is a prepared solution of aviation mix tetraethyllead antiknock compound in a hydrocarbon diluent of 70 % (V/V) xylene, 30 % (V/V) n-heptane. (sh-sinpar.com)
  • At the time, "regular" gasoline contained tetraethyl lead, which served as an octane booster in fuel. (esso.ca)
  • The airport sells 100LL fuel (low lead aviation gas), and its runway is used by piston-powered, lead-spewing planes. (pulitzercenter.org)
  • The FAA has selected two fuel prospects, Swift Fuels and Shell, to continue Phase 2 testing at the engine and aircraft level with the purpose of being adopted across as much of the existing fleet as possible. (upperlimitaviation.edu)
  • Braly said the TAB also recommended that the GAMI project incorporate "lessons learned" in the FAA's aborted Piston Aviation Fuels Initiative, which terminated in 2018 after concluding that the two fuels it had examined-one from Swift Fuels and one from Shell-weren't suitable as drop-in replacements for 100LL. (avweb.com)
  • After distillation, the diesel fraction is normally processed to reduce the amount of sulfur in the fuel. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2- Fuel Technology Liquid fuels - petroleum, distillation, refining. (pdfcoffee.com)
  • 99.0%) from crude oil through precision refining and distillation that is used in the measurement of octane rating for fuels. (cargohandbook.com)
  • In contrast, GTA FE/Viscon affects the physical character of the fuel by changing the dynamic distillation of the fuel and inhibiting the separate vaporization of the higher distillates. (alanroth.net)
  • The higher the octane rating, the more resistant the fuel is to autoignition under high pressures, which allows for a higher compression ratio. (wikipedia.org)
  • If fuel costs remain high as predicted, it is absolutely unnecessary to dictatorially create tolls for the purpose of reducing the number of motor vehicles using the crossing. (portlandtransport.com)
  • Before the '70s, tetraethyl lead, high in octane, was used as an additive in gasoline. (rislone.com)
  • Some people still look for high-octane fuel to put in their cars, whether it makes sense or not. (rislone.com)
  • High-octane gasoline is often associated with high power, as it can increase the compression ratio. (rislone.com)
  • 6. Lead made car engines quieter-at a high cost. (mentalfloss.com)
  • Lead concentrations in soil, air, and water can be especially high near the sites of historic or ongoing mining operations or smelters. (cdc.gov)
  • Lead concentrations in inner city soil can be especially high from accumulation that occurred before the elimination of lead from gasoline in the United States (early phase down/phase out efforts starting in the late 1970s with continuation into the 1990s). (cdc.gov)
  • Blood lead concentrations have decreased dramatically in U.S. children over the past 4 decades, but too many children still live in housing with deteriorated high content lead-based paint and are at risk for lead exposure with resulting lead-associated cognitive impairment and behavioral problems" [AAP 2016]. (cdc.gov)
  • For example, iso-octane is a fuel of very high quality that burns without knocking. (britannica.com)
  • The high "octane" rating of alcohol, rather its resistance to premature detonation, eliminates the problem of engine "knocking" (which was the original reason for creating leaded gasoline). (198automobilenews.com)
  • Race Gas Original takes your ordinary pump gasoline and transforms it into high-octane, high-energy, track-grade racing fuel. (klmperformance.com)
  • When blended to the proper ratio, RACE GAS Premium Race Fuel Concentrate can take your ordinary pump gasoline and transform it into high octane, high energy, track grade racing fuel. (klmperformance.com)
  • Ensures your ability to obtain High Octane Race Fuel all the time. (klmperformance.com)
  • What is the Application Rate Race Gas Original High Performance Fuel Additive? (klmperformance.com)
  • Oxygenates play a very important role in high octane gasoline. (klmperformance.com)
  • High octane fuel is necessary because about 30% of the aviation fleet use high compression engines, and those aircraft use 70% of the aviation fuel. (k0lee.com)
  • Knocking is a phenomenon that occurs in a gasoline engine if the fuel used does not have a high enough octane rating. (environmentalistsforeurope.org)
  • One study found major increases in general, the other research finding a little increases at low engine load but a significant decrease at high engine load. (forkliftattachments.ca)
  • As part of the story, it mentions that during Thomas Midgley Jr. 's search 1 for a gasoline additive that would reduce premature detonation in a high-compression gasoline engine, a tellurium-based additive was tried. (stackexchange.com)
  • Kettering wanted to find an additive which would increase the octane rating of ordinary fuel and eliminate knocking in high-compression engines. (stackexchange.com)
  • Jet-A is a high-purity kerosene based fuel manufactured under a specific ASTM standard (D1655), with specific physical properties, and is used in jet turbine engines. (sml-energy.com)
  • In it, Dr. Waters explains that GTA FE/Viscon utilizes an ultra high molecular weight polymer (a polyalphaolefin) to convey a visco-elasticity to the fuel which changes its behavior as it is sprayed from an injector or pulled from a carburetor. (alanroth.net)
  • Increased volumetric efficiency increases horsepower and engine response during transients such as acceleration and high load. (alanroth.net)
  • The octane levels reflect how much the air-fuel mixture can compress before it ignites. (rislone.com)
  • They are petroleum-based fuel or a mixture of petroleum and synthetic fuel that is operated to power aircraft. (aviationa2z.com)
  • Octane number: a number indicating the anti-knock properties of an automotive fuel mixture under standard test conditions. (cargohandbook.com)
  • Avoid valve recession and premature failure by adding lead to your fuel mixture. (wildbillscorvette.com)
  • Liquid petroleum fuel, utilized in heating vehicles and appliances, is a very flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases. (forkliftattachments.ca)
  • The reason being, in a lean fuel mixture, there is an excess of oxygen. (rentar.com)
  • The stoichiometric ratio is the right amount of air to burn all the fuel in a mixture. (rentar.com)
  • The article explains that small piston-powered aircraft are spewing over 400 tons of lead pollution into the air that we breathe each year. (pulitzercenter.org)
  • Not only is it lead-free, but it has less of an impact on the environment and on aircraft engines. (pulitzercenter.org)
  • The FAA hopes that unleaded fuel would replace 100 octane low-lead fuel currently being used in most aircraft. (wingsmagazine.com)
  • Following the first phase, it will select up to two fuels for phase II, for engine and aircraft testing. (wingsmagazine.com)
  • To date, the FAA has tested more than 279 fuel formulations as part of its efforts to find a 'drop-in' solution, which would require no aircraft or engine modifications. (wingsmagazine.com)
  • Specific energy is a necessary criterion in selecting fuel for an aircraft. (aviationa2z.com)
  • In current times, the great majority - approx 99 percent - of aviation fuel operated in both civil and military aircraft is jet fuel. (aviationa2z.com)
  • There's probably no topic more important to those of us who fly General Aviation aircraft than the continued availability of aviation fuel. (k0lee.com)
  • Of course, with an experimental aircraft, I could always put lower compression pistons in the engine and use autogas, if I had to, but that's not ideal. (k0lee.com)
  • Liquid hydrogen (LH2) powered aircraft boast a much lower fuel weight, which decreases operating costs and improves efficiency. (upperlimitaviation.edu)
  • Because of the prohibitive cost of modifying the entire fleet of piston-engine aircraft , the general aviation sector has been searching for a "drop-in" solution. (upperlimitaviation.edu)
  • Effective January 1, 1996, leaded gasoline was banned by the Clean Air Act for use in new vehicles other than aircraft, racing cars, farm equipment, and marine engines. (environmentalistsforeurope.org)
  • It is excellent for use in piston engine powered private, commercial and military training aircraft. (exxonmobil.com)
  • ExxonMobil Aviation does not support or approve the use of Automotive Gasoline as aircraft fuel. (exxonmobil.com)
  • The FAA has approved unleaded fuel for use in some aircraft. (avweb.com)
  • THE GIPSY MAJOR ENGINE in its Series I form is used on numerous light aircraft. (wondersofworldaviation.com)
  • Gipsy engines had a meritorious beginning in 1927, when the first one to be designed established a world speed record for light aircraft of 187 miles an hour. (wondersofworldaviation.com)
  • cylinder engines being used on the De Havilland Albatross aircraft have been designed by Major Frank B. Halford . (wondersofworldaviation.com)
  • 18. Since 1916, Major Halford has been actively engaged in designing engines, largely for aircraft. (wondersofworldaviation.com)
  • engined aircraft are fitted with the Gipsy Major engine, including the Tiger Moth and the Miles Magister , two elementary trainers used by the Royal Air Force (see the chapter "Trainers of the RAF" ). (wondersofworldaviation.com)
  • Aircraft (grade) - A super-premium grade of fuel marketed in the 1920's for use in airplanes. (petrolmaps.co.uk)
  • Other grades of Kerosene are used for motor fuels, cooking fuel ("camp stove fuel" is typically kerosene) heating, lighting, etc. depending on their refining and purity. (sml-energy.com)
  • The development of catalytic cracking resulted in fuel blends that were much less likely to knock. (petro-online.com)
  • The agency invited GAMI to join the PAFI program but the company declined because the program didn't allow changes to fuel blends to meet test requirements during the program and because the FAA refused to credit GAMI for test work it had done in the four years prior to PAFI's establishment. (avweb.com)
  • SINPAR Automatic Reference Fuels Blending System is used to prepare reference fuel blends quickly and accurately for Octane/Cetane Engine. (sh-sinpar.com)
  • The use of jet fuel blends containing components from other sources is permitted only in accordance with the industry standards. (sml-energy.com)
  • Using currently common engine technology, alcohol has less power per volume, thereby delivering fewer miles per gallon. (198automobilenews.com)
  • Race gas can be added to your pump gas in order to increase the Octane rating your engine requires, The application rate is Two fluid ounces of the Race Gas Original to One Gallon of fuel. (klmperformance.com)
  • They intended to operate a hydrogenation gasoline without hydroforming, using that in conjunction with methanol water injection and in addition 2 percent methylaniline and 7-1/2 cc. of tetraethyl lead per gallon. (fischer-tropsch.org)
  • Some countries (particularly Canada, India and Italy) also have lower tax rates on diesel fuels. (wikipedia.org)
  • How clean burning is the fuel, and what are its advantages and disadvantages in comparison with gasoline or diesel? (198automobilenews.com)
  • So, alcohol fuel tanks might need to be larger to deliver the same kind of travel distance as gasoline or diesel. (198automobilenews.com)
  • What is Synergy Diesel Efficient™ fuel, and how does it differ from regular diesel? (esso.ca)
  • Synergy Diesel Efficient diesel fuel was developed in the same laboratories as our racing fuels. (esso.ca)
  • Is Synergy Diesel Efficient™ fuel only for commercial vehicles? (esso.ca)
  • To find Synergy Diesel Efficient fuel for your personal vehicle, use our Esso™ and Mobil™ site locator to find a station near you. (esso.ca)
  • How will Synergy Diesel Efficient fuel benefit my vehicle? (esso.ca)
  • Fuel not meeting the Jet-A specification is generally recycled in the production chain for other purposes (for example it may be used in blending kerosene for heating, or blended into highway diesel). (sml-energy.com)
  • Jet-A is suited for turbine engines, but can also be burned in other compression-ignition piston engines like diesel can (there are a wide variety of aero diesel engines available from several manufacturers). (sml-energy.com)
  • Further testing has shown that in diesel engines, the active range of the polymer is between 5 and 10 ppm. (alanroth.net)
  • Also, there is no conspicuous option in contrast to the IC motor for medium-and uncompromising business vehicles, which represent a fourth of all fuel utilized (generally diesel). (kyrion.in)
  • According to the FAA's Piston Aviation Fuel Initiative (PAFI), while ground based transportation fuel has been unleaded for the past 25 years, airplane fuel has been "largely unchanged for seventy years. (pulitzercenter.org)
  • Shell has since stopped public work on a replacement fuel and Swift exited PAFI. (avweb.com)
  • The reference fuels and reagents for octane engine are specified by ASTM D2699 and ASTM D2700 standard test methods. (sh-sinpar.com)
  • Most riders in North America will be familiar with the following common octane grades. (motorcycleintelligence.com)
  • Bottomline: Octane ratings in Europe are displayed at the pump about 4.5-5 higher for the same octane level in North America. (motorcycleintelligence.com)
  • It is the fumes of liquid fuels that are flammable instead of the fluid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many liquid fuels play a primary role in transportation and the economy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some common properties of liquid fuels are that they are easy to transport, and can be handled with relative ease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most liquid fuels used currently are produced from petroleum. (wikipedia.org)
  • An SAE 30 viscosity grade oil meeting the current API service classification for spark-ignition engines shall be used. (sh-sinpar.com)
  • The ad shown here appeared in 1971, the first year the GTO was outfitted with "low-compression" engines which were tuned to run on low-lead, lower-octane fuel. (niceretrotube.com)
  • Since racing engines operate with higher compression ratios, they need higher octane racing fuel to operate. (environmentalistsforeurope.org)
  • Autoignition of a fuel is primarily determined by two factors: temperature and compression. (petro-online.com)
  • Both of these are specified for a given engine as the operating temperature and compression ratio, respectively. (petro-online.com)
  • It is thus very hard to try and decrease the operating temperature inside the engine to prevent autoignition, so that has led to a focus on the compression ratio. (petro-online.com)
  • The compression ratio of an engine is tied to the maximum efficiency of the engine, such that engines with higher compression ratios produce more work for a given amount of fuel. (petro-online.com)
  • Compression ratios have increased over time going from a value of 4 in the Model T to 12 in modern engines. (petro-online.com)
  • The problem with higher compression ratios is that they can produce more knocking than usual, which led to a focus on designing fuels to resist knock. (petro-online.com)
  • Early fuels were very prone to knock, resulting in a need for very low compression ratios. (petro-online.com)
  • Both of these tests use essentially the same engine, which is a single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, carbureted, variable compression ratio, originally developed by the Cooperative Fuels Research group. (petro-online.com)
  • To minimize the effects of knocking, modern engines are equipped with knock sensors, which temporarily delay the spark timing in the piston's compression cycle. (esso.ca)
  • With such a large infrastructure and dependence on petroleum, it is unknown if these improvements will allow microalgae production to compete and replace petroleum-based fuel completely. (upperlimitaviation.edu)
  • however, such engines require a higher octane fuel. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lead can also hurt unborn babies and put children at a higher risk of having developmental disabilities or conditions such as ADHD. (pulitzercenter.org)
  • According to the Pulitzer Center article, "The results were unequivocal: the closer a child lived to the airport, the higher the lead levels, even after accounting for other variables. (pulitzercenter.org)
  • Although the switch would have a slight monetary cost, the ethical cost of using leaded fuel is much higher. (pulitzercenter.org)
  • Lead-contaminated house dust is the major source of exposure for children in the United States, resulting from higher lead content paint that remains in older buildings. (cdc.gov)
  • Pre-natal influence of lead is also very hazardous and causes higher rates of birth defects, lower IQ, hyperactivity and other developmental or mental disorders. (aquaphor.com)
  • The octane rating scale ends at 125 and any higher figure is meaningless. (cargohandbook.com)
  • they generally run about ten points higher than the so-called motor octane numbers, which represent actual road operating conditions. (cargohandbook.com)
  • hence, the equivalent fuel consumption is a lot higher. (forkliftattachments.ca)
  • The higher the octane rating, the greater the engine's resistance to knock. (esso.ca)
  • Higher octane numbers do correlate to higher prices, but of course, we haven’t seen prices at those octane levels in a long time. (motorcycleintelligence.com)
  • In other words, if you hear some audible pinging from your engine, that’s its way of telling you to feed it some higher-octane fuel at the next pit stop. (motorcycleintelligence.com)
  • Some manufacturers do “require†higher-octane gas for certain bikes, in which case you would be wise to ante up at the gas station to keep your baby smiling. (motorcycleintelligence.com)
  • Organic lead (tetraethyl lead) is used as an antiknock agent in gasoline and jet fuels. (environmentalistsforeurope.org)
  • The performance of gasoline is determined by multiple factors, including its antiknock quality (also known as octane rating), its volatility, and its detergency. (esso.ca)
  • This page is to introduce to you a new fuel technology, GTA Fuel Enhancer (GTA FE, also known as Viscon), for your consideration in determining the most appropriate means to produce a gasoline product that is antiknock, environmentally safe, and both inexpensive and easy to produce. (alanroth.net)
  • With its promise of providing a clean, safe fuel that eliminates the need for specialized antiknock additives (the U.S. EPA does not classify GTA FE as an additive as it is a pure hydrocarbon) it is already in an advanced stage of testing in a number of countries with excellent results at every stage. (alanroth.net)
  • This technology is so new that antiknock testing needs to take into consideration the unique properties of the polymer-based fuel. (alanroth.net)
  • Thanks to lead's low melting point of 621.4°F (compare that to the melting point of iron, 2800°F), all you have to do to smelt it is put the rocks in a fire, then extract the lead from the ashes once the fire burns out. (mentalfloss.com)
  • The famous Indianapolis 500 has used methanol as its official required fuel since the 1960s, because it is not a variable mix of chemicals like gasoline, delivers more power in correctly adjusted engines, and burns cooler than gasoline. (198automobilenews.com)
  • Jet fuel for jet engines is made in several grades (Avtur, Jet A, Jet A-1, Jet B, JP-4, JP-5, JP-7 or JP-8) that are kerosene-type mixtures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gasoline is produced in several grades of octane rating. (wn.com)
  • Check Fuels are in-house typical spark-ignition engine fuels having selected octane numbers, low volatility, and good long-term stability. (sh-sinpar.com)
  • Heavy metals like lead, mercury, and arsenic are toxic in low concentrations, they are not essential for the body and tend to accumulate in human tissues throughout our lifetime. (aquaphor.com)
  • Lead is particularly toxic to children, as it disrupts the development of the nervous system, causing potentially permanent learning disabilities and behavioral disorders. (planetprotein.com)
  • Famously, Vincent Van Gogh has been speculated to have suffered from toxic psychosis, thanks to the lead in his paint and his noted attempts at suicide by poisoning. (planetprotein.com)
  • Pontiac was actually a little ahead of the game, as law suits prevented the low-lead mandate from kicking in until 1975. (niceretrotube.com)
  • Some of the most interesting alternatives are rice straw, which is typically burned in the fields (releasing vast quantities of greenhouse gasses) and human waste, which we currently spend billions of dollars and fossil fuel generated electricity to process. (198automobilenews.com)
  • First transatlantic flight without fossil fuels comp. (petro-online.com)
  • As a result, different fossil fuels burn differently. (rentar.com)
  • Different fossil fuels combust at different temperatures and at different rates of efficiency. (rentar.com)
  • No fossil fuel undergoes more refinement than gasoline. (rentar.com)
  • In addition to intense refinement, no fossil fuel contains more post-refinement additives. (rentar.com)
  • It is the kind of aviation fuel that powers little piston-engine airplanes. (aviationa2z.com)
  • Gasoline is the most widely used liquid fuel. (wikipedia.org)
  • The benefits of fuel additives vary widely. (rislone.com)
  • Though it's now widely known as the source of lead poisoning , humans have been using the heavy metal for thousands of years. (mentalfloss.com)
  • Discussions with BP suggest their Opal fuel should be widely available in the near term. (exploroz.com)
  • Lead was also used widely for infrastructural and building purposes until the 1970's. (planetprotein.com)
  • And other five in Rusafa site: Al-Solaikh, Vegetable Oils, Al-Kamalai, Al-Saadre City, and Al-Kailany gasoline stations.In this research the reaction of alkyl lead compound with solution of tricaprylmethyl ammonium chloride ( Aliquat 336 ) and iodine I2 that dissolved in isobutyl ketone (MIBK) have been used to increase the stability of lead ions in the samples solutions that were subjected to tests using atomic absorption (AAS) technique. (iasj.net)
  • Increase engine Torque and Horsepower levels. (klmperformance.com)
  • This application rate will increase the Fuel Octane Level by four points. (klmperformance.com)
  • Testing using the CFR engine has shown an increase in octane of approximately 3 points. (alanroth.net)
  • The Environmental Protection Agency has proposed an idea called "endangerment finding" which would involve working with the FAA to get rid of leaded aviation gas. (pulitzercenter.org)
  • Fifty years later the Environmental Protection Agency instituted the reduction of tetraethyl lead in gasoline as hazardous to the health of gasoline attendants and others who came into close contact with its fumes. (sciencehistory.org)
  • Because of growing scientific evidence of general lead poisoning due to tetraethyl lead, the US Environmental Protection Agency issued regulations in 1973 to reduce the lead content of gasoline over time, which came to be known as the 'lead phasedown' program. (environmentalistsforeurope.org)
  • The characteristic of a particular gasoline blend to resist igniting too early (which causes knocking and reduces efficiency in reciprocating engines) is measured by its octane rating . (wn.com)
  • This company had recently been founded to produce tetraethyl lead, the gasoline additive that increased the fuel efficiency of gasoline engines and made usable the petroleum fractions previously burned or vented into the atmosphere. (sciencehistory.org)
  • While bioethanol is not a prime candidate for use in the aviation industry , and biodiesel can be used in limited quantities with kerosene as a fuel extender, the efficiency of hydrogen biofuel is worth a second look. (upperlimitaviation.edu)
  • The maximum performance and efficiency of modern gasoline engines are limited by a phenomenon called knock. (petro-online.com)
  • While this prevents audible knocking, delaying the ignition spark also sacrifices engine efficiency. (esso.ca)
  • The results are twofold: First, the volumetric efficiency of the engine is improved due to the reduction in vaporized fuel, and second, the maximum heat release rate after ignition is delayed and reduced. (alanroth.net)
  • A single sensor was installed into the exhaust stream to modify fuel delivery and maintain catalytic converter efficiency. (techshopmag.com)
  • The pre-catalytic converter oxygen sensor is used for fuel trim and the post-catalytic converter oxygen sensor is used to monitor converter efficiency. (techshopmag.com)
  • The TAB report wasn't released by the FAA, but GAMI's George Braly told us it appears not to call for additional testing but asks GAMI to provide so-called issue papers to explain detonation testing protocol, engine endurance testing, materials compatibility, hot weather operations and use of an independent fuel specification not recognized by ASTM. (avweb.com)
  • It is generally seen that as the octane number of a fuel increases, the fuel has less propensity to knock, therefore increasing its anti-knock capabilities. (petro-online.com)
  • The octane rating of a fuel could be further increased through anti-knock additives. (petro-online.com)
  • From the early 1920s to the 1970s, the most popular anti-knock additive added to fuel was tetraethyl lead. (petro-online.com)
  • Really, octane ratings are simply used to represent the anti-knock performance of our go-juice. (motorcycleintelligence.com)
  • Giving automotive marketing types fits were the horsepower ratings for low-compressing engines. (niceretrotube.com)
  • Lead (Pb) Toxicity: Where is Lead Found? (cdc.gov)
  • Primary prevention should be the focus of policy on childhood lead toxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • It is converted to triethyl lead, which might be responsible for its toxicity. (environmentalistsforeurope.org)
  • Is it lead that causes stuck exhaust valves? (avweb.com)
  • It is operated for airplanes with turbine engines. (aviationa2z.com)
  • Difference between Jet A and Jet A1 Despite the difference in manufacturing specifications between the two Jet Fuel types, both can be operated interchangeably to work turbine-engines airplanes. (aviationa2z.com)
  • In addition, he said, the components of the fuel can be formulated into a replacement for jet/turbine fuels. (k0lee.com)
  • therefore the specification limits aviation turbine fuels to those made from conventional sources or by specifically approved processes. (sml-energy.com)
  • A function of the Federal Air Quality Act, the lead content of gasoline was to be reduced in stages beginning in 1973. (niceretrotube.com)
  • The agency will accumulate standardised qualification and certification data for fuels, as well as property and performance data. (wingsmagazine.com)
  • They function by, as the name suggests, adding substances, such as system cleaners, lubricants and performance enhancers, to the fuel to achieve a specific goal. (rislone.com)
  • Other tasks a fuel additive can take on include preventing gas from freezing, adding potentially performance-boosting octane and keeping fuel from going bad over time. (rislone.com)
  • They could be performance enhancers or fuel stabilizers. (rislone.com)
  • Fuel performance enhancers improve the functioning of your fuel. (rislone.com)
  • They have more stringent needs than fuels operated for land use, such as heating and road transport, and contain additives to enhance or support properties necessary to fuel performance or handling. (aviationa2z.com)
  • Race Gas Original Fuel Performance Improvement Additive is the only Gasoline additive on the market designed specifically for increased engine performance. (klmperformance.com)
  • Ensure peak engine performance at the track or Dyno day event. (klmperformance.com)
  • The Race Gas Additive provides the best fuel performance on the market. (klmperformance.com)
  • Race Fuel Concentrate Gasoline Performance fuel additive is a product that we highly recommend for your next race, dyno day, fuel injection system improver, or as a daily fuel additive in order to improve the performance level of your Gasoline engine. (klmperformance.com)
  • The fuels were all rated according to performance. (fischer-tropsch.org)
  • Additive - Any chemical added to a fuel to improve its performance. (petrolmaps.co.uk)
  • begingroup$ Tellurium was an effective additive which Midgley knew because he tested engine performance with it as an additive. (stackexchange.com)
  • Detergency is the performance characteristic of a gasoline that refers to its ability to clean and protect the fuel delivery system, including the carburetor or fuel injectors, and intake valves. (esso.ca)
  • However, it was found that in comparing RON and MON, most of the gain is MON. GTAT also recommends that the Octane Number Requirement Test used by auto manufacturers to determine the octane requirement of their vehicles be used to compare performance of gasoline with and without the GTA FE/Viscon. (alanroth.net)
  • The strategy used in this protocol is to create the conditions which induce knock and compare performance of rated fuels under those conditions. (alanroth.net)