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Cerebral InfarctionIntracranial PressureBrain InfarctionBrain EdemaBrain IschemiaBrain InjuriesIntracranial HypertensionCerebrovascular DisordersTomography, X-Ray ComputedInfarctionCerebrovascular CirculationBrainMyocardial InfarctionHypertensionCerebral ArteriesBlood PressureBrain ChemistryInfarction, Middle Cerebral ArteryMagnetic Resonance ImagingTime FactorsEdemaDiuretics, OsmoticPressureBrain NeoplasmsCerebral HemorrhagePseudotumor CerebriDisease Models, AnimalGlasgow Coma ScaleIschemic Attack, TransientAquaporin 4Hypertension, PulmonaryBlood-Brain BarrierStrokeCerebral AngiographyRats, Sprague-DawleyMiddle Cerebral ArteryTreatment OutcomeDiabetic KetoacidosisRisk FactorsIntracranial Embolism and ThrombosisBrain MappingMonitoring, PhysiologicProspective StudiesCerebral PalsyHydrocephalusNeuroprotective AgentsSubarachnoid HemorrhageCraniocerebral TraumaDecompressive CraniectomyPapilledemaAcute DiseaseMannitolPulmonary EdemaCraniotomyRetrospective StudiesGlasgow Outcome ScaleCerebral VeinsSaline Solution, HypertonicHemodynamicsCerebral CortexCerebral VentriclesHead Injuries, ClosedBrain Injury, ChronicMalaria, CerebralRats, WistarBrain DiseasesBrain StemDiffuse Axonal InjuryHypoxia, BrainElectrocardiographyBrain Damage, ChronicCerebrospinal Fluid ShuntsStroke, LacunarLeukoaraiosisPredictive Value of TestsHypertension, RenalAntihypertensive AgentsBlood Flow VelocityVentriculostomyNeuronsIntracranial EmbolismBrain ConcussionAge FactorsCase-Control StudiesHypothermia, InducedComaAnalysis of VarianceDogsFollow-Up StudiesAltitude SicknessSpecific GravityCarbon DioxideHeart RateHypertension, PortalThrombolytic TherapyBlast InjuriesOxygenMagnetic Resonance AngiographyRecovery of FunctionArterial Occlusive Diseases
StrokeHemorrhageCerebrospinal fluidMiddle cerebrIschemiaArteriovenousThrombosisArteriesHemorrhagicVasospasmMyocardial infarctionRuptured cerebral aneurysmPulmonaryEmbolismAneurysmsFocalSaccularMeningitisStrokesParenchymaCortexClinicallyArterialHypoxiaInjuryInhibitionCranialEndovascularAstrocytesPupillaryEmbolicSevereResultsTemporalMETHODSResultOccursInjuries
Stroke23
  • Although TBI from closed head and penetrating trauma account for the majority of cerebral injuries, other processes, such as acute cerebral infarction (stroke) or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to rupture of intracranial aneurysms, may mimic a traumatic injury on presentation and radiologic evaluation. (medscape.com)
  • Stroke syndromes can present along a wide spectrum of disease from transient ischemic attacks with complete resolution of symptoms to large intracranial hemorrhages with uncal or tonsillar herniation. (medscape.com)
  • Also see Ischemic Stroke in Emergency Medicine and Hemorrhagic Stroke . (medscape.com)
  • Ischemic Stroke Ischemic stroke is sudden neurologic deficits that result from focal cerebral ischemia associated with permanent brain infarction (eg, positive results on diffusion-weighted MRI). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Based on the etiology, stroke can be classified into ischemic or hemorrhagic subtypes, which ranks second among the leading causes of death. (frontiersin.org)
  • Stroke is caused not only by arterial thrombosis but also by cerebral venous thrombosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • The ischemic stroke accounts for the 87% of all cases, which results from the cerebral arteries occlusion due to thrombosis, atherosclerosis and platelets plug ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Hypoxia and ischemia of the brain are key pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic stroke ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The molecular pathological hallmarks of arterial stroke and cerebral venous thrombosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed consecutive ischemic stroke patients who underwent EVT in our institution from November 2015 to April 2022. (bvsalud.org)
  • Her main interests are in brain hemorrhage, unusual and rare causes of stroke, cerebral venous thrombosis, anticoagulation management after strokes and use of technology for improving outcomes in the neurological ICU. (stanford.edu)
  • The purpose of this study is to determine if pioglitazone is effective in preventing future strokes or heart attacks among non-diabetic persons who have had a recent ischemic stroke. (stanford.edu)
  • Stroke is an acute compromise of the cerebral perfusion or vasculature. (rnspeak.com)
  • Ischemic stroke commonly results from the occlusion of the lumina of the cerebral vessels by a thrombus or embolus. (rnspeak.com)
  • Systemic hemodynamic failure can also result in ischemic stroke as a consequence of a decreased volume of blood flowing through the cerebral vessels. (rnspeak.com)
  • Hemorrhagic stroke, seen in 15-20% of cases, typically results from the rupture of a cerebral vessel. (rnspeak.com)
  • Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a subtype of stroke, is a condition wherein a hematoma is formed within the brain parenchyma with or without blood extension into the ventricles. (rnspeak.com)
  • In one study, a blood pressure of at least 160/90 mm Hg and a history of hypertension were considered equally important predispositions for stroke, with 54% of the stroke-affected population having these characteristics. (rnspeak.com)
  • It doubles the risk of ischemic stroke and covers an approximately 20% higher mortality rate. (rnspeak.com)
  • A stroke is an acute neurologic condition resulting from a disruption in cerebral perfusion , either due to ischemia ( ischemic strokes ) or hemorrhage ( hemorrhagic strokes ). (amboss.com)
  • Long-term management of all types of stroke focuses on the management of modifiable risk factors (i.e., hypertension and atherosclerosis ). (amboss.com)
  • For more information, see respective articles " Ischemic stroke ," " Intracerebral hemorrhage ," and " Subarachnoid hemorrhage . (amboss.com)
  • See ischemic stroke , intracerebral hemorrhage , and subarachnoid hemorrhage for specific risk factors . (amboss.com)
Hemorrhage16
  • is the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage, but traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage is usually considered a separate disorder. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is bleeding into the subarachnoid space-the area between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater surrounding the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intraocular hemorrhage (bleeding into the eyeball) may occur in response to the raised pressure: subhyaloid hemorrhage (bleeding under the hyaloid membrane, which envelops the vitreous body of the eye) and vitreous hemorrhage may be visible on fundoscopy. (wikipedia.org)
  • The combination of intracerebral hemorrhage and raised intracranial pressure (if present) leads to a "sympathetic surge", i.e. over-activation of the sympathetic system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thrombosis also form in cerebral venous, which is termed as cerebral venous thrombosis(CVT), a particular type of cerebrovascular disease, characterized by intracerebral hemorrhage and infarction, associated with increased intracranial pressure due to cerebrospinal fluid absorption and cerebral venous drainage, accounting for 0.5-1% of strokes ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • However, the familiar use of the term SAH refers to nontraumatic (or spontaneous) hemorrhage, which usually occurs in the setting of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation (AVM). (medscape.com)
  • Head Injuries and Intracranial Hemorrhage Extradural (epidural) hemorrhage is arterial in origin. (gov.gy)
  • Dural border hemorrhage usually follows a hard blow to the head that jerks the brain inside the cranium and injures it. (gov.gy)
  • Her research focuses on the study of intracerebral hemorrhage using brain imaging with CT and MRI. (stanford.edu)
  • She is the Stanford prinicipal investigator for several clinical trials in intracerebral hemorrhage and large hemispheric infarction. (stanford.edu)
  • I am interested in the study of the radiological characteristics and temporal profile of edema/ tissue injury in the perihematomal area around spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. (stanford.edu)
  • Subdural hemorrhage Subdural Hemorrhage Subdural hemorrhage (SDH) is bleeding into the space between the dural and arachnoid meningeal layers surrounding the brain. (lecturio.com)
  • Subdural Hemorrhage ) is bleeding into the space between the dural and arachnoid meningeal layers surrounding the brain Brain The part of central nervous system that is contained within the skull (cranium). (lecturio.com)
  • Chronic SDH SDH Subdural hemorrhage (SDH) is bleeding into the space between the dural and arachnoid meningeal layers surrounding the brain. (lecturio.com)
  • The following table focuses on nontraumatic cerebral ischemia and intracranial hemorrhage . (amboss.com)
  • There are four recognized pathophysiologic mechanisms for the presentation of spinal cord vascular anomalies: 1) venous hypertension, 2) vascular steal syndrome, 3) subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 4) intraparenchymal hemorrhage (hematomyelia). (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
Cerebrospinal fluid1
Middle cerebr1
  • The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats that underwent right-sided middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were used for assessment of NKCC1, TNF-α and IL-1β expression using Western blotting, double immunofluorescence and real time RT-PCR, and the model also was used for evaluation of brain water content (BWC) and infarct size. (biomedcentral.com)
Ischemia2
Arteriovenous2
  • SAH in a person known to have seizures is often diagnostic of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation. (wikipedia.org)
  • For a detailed discussion about intracranial DAVFs, please refer to the Principles of Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas chapter. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
Thrombosis3
  • [ 3 ] An estimated 80-85% of strokes are ischemic (either thrombosis or embolism), whereas 15-20% of strokes are hemorrhagic. (medscape.com)
  • It may also occur due to intrathecally administered contrast material, leakage of high-dose intravenous contrast material into the subarachnoid spaces, or in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, severe meningitis, leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, intracranial hypotension, cerebellar infarctions, or bilateral subdural hematomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pathogenesis of sDAVFs is yet to be fully elucidated, conversely to their intracranial counterparts, in which dural venous thrombosis and neoangiogenesis contribute to the abnormal recanalization of the primitive direct connections between the arteries and veins around the major dural venous sinuses. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
Arteries1
Hemorrhagic3
  • Approximately 85% of strokes are ischemic and the rest are hemorrhagic. (rnspeak.com)
  • Systemic hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases are common risk factors for both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes . (amboss.com)
  • For both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes , age is the most important nonmodifiable risk factor and arterial hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor . (amboss.com)
Vasospasm1
Myocardial infarction2
  • 1 initial episode of care Use fifth-digit 1 to designate the first episode of care (regardless of facility site) for a newly diagnosed myocardial infarction. (theodora.com)
  • 2 subsequent episode of care Use fifth-digit 2 to designate an episode of care following the initial episode when the patient is admitted for further observation, evaluation or treatment for a myocardial infarction that has received initial treatment, but is still less than 8 weeks old. (theodora.com)
Ruptured cerebral aneurysm1
  • SAH may occur as a result of a head injury or spontaneously, usually from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. (wikipedia.org)
Pulmonary1
  • Other autopsy findings included pulmonary edema and ascites, as well as hypertensive changes in the lungs and early cardiac cirrhosis. (medscape.com)
Embolism1
  • Research has shown that in AF, decreased blood flow in the left atrium causes thrombolysis and embolism in the brain. (rnspeak.com)
Aneurysms2
Focal1
Saccular1
  • A congenital intracranial saccular or berry aneurysm is the cause in about 85% of patients. (msdmanuals.com)
Meningitis1
Strokes2
  • Non-traumatic ICH comprises 10-15% of all strokes and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. (rnspeak.com)
  • In ischemic strokes , immediate revascularization of the affected vessel is vital to preserve brain tissue and prevent further damage. (amboss.com)
Parenchyma1
  • the other half consists of bleeding that occurs within the brain parenchyma. (medscape.com)
Cortex1
  • This study aimed to explore if alleviation of cerebral edema by 10% HS might be effected through down-regulation of inflammatory mediator expression in the microglia, and thus result in decreased NKCC1 expression in astrocytes in the cerebral cortex bordering the ischemic core. (biomedcentral.com)
Clinically1
  • Hypertonic saline (HS) has been successfully used clinically for treatment of various forms of cerebral edema. (biomedcentral.com)
Arterial1
  • Ischemic hypoxia is caused by an impaired arterial blood supply, whereas congestive hypoxia results from an impaired venous return. (frontiersin.org)
Hypoxia2
  • This occurs in cases of severe cerebral edema, such as by cerebral hypoxia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hypoxia caused by impaired blood circulation can be referred to as circulatory hypoxia, which are classified as ischemic hypoxia and congestive hypoxia. (frontiersin.org)
Injury4
  • Approximately 1.4 million people sustain traumatic brain injury (TBI) annually in the United States resulting in more than 50,000 deaths. (medscape.com)
  • Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is physical injury to brain tissue that temporarily or permanently impairs brain function. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important health and social problem. (bvsalud.org)
  • Head injuries can be classified as open (penetrating) or closed (blunt), and primary (from the initial trauma) or secondary (indirect brain injury), and range from mild to severe and life-threatening. (lecturio.com)
Inhibition1
  • The results suggest that 10% HS alleviates cerebral edema through inhibition of the NKCC1 Cotransporter, which is mediated by attenuation of TNF-α and IL-1β stimulation on NKCC1. (biomedcentral.com)
Cranial1
  • Some subarachnoid hemorrhages are associated with head trauma involving cranial fractures and cerebral lacerations. (gov.gy)
Endovascular1
  • BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Risk factors and predictors of malignant cerebral edema (MCE) after successful endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) were not fully explored. (bvsalud.org)
Astrocytes1
  • This suggests that ion channel transporters related to water transport whose expression is localized in astrocytes and other cerebral cell types are potential therapeutic targets in HS treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Pupillary1
Embolic1
  • Ischemic etiologies can be further divided into embolic, thrombotic, and lacunar. (rnspeak.com)
Severe1
  • The presentation is variable, ranging from subtle to very severe, depending on the area of the brain involved and the nature of the attack. (rnspeak.com)
Results1
  • RESULTS: SHED can prevent and treat cerebral oedema in a high altitude rat animal model. (bvsalud.org)
Temporal1
  • Hence, space-occupying lesions, such as tumors in the supratentorial compartment, produce increased intracranial pressure, and may cause part of the adjacent temporal lobe of the brain to herniate through the tentorial notch. (gov.gy)
METHODS1
  • METHODS: A low-pressure and low-oxygen tank mimicking high-altitude conditions was used to establish the high-altitude cerebral oedema animal model. (bvsalud.org)
Result1
  • Overzealous correction of their blood glucose may result in cerebral edema as well as a cascade of electrolyte abnormalities. (bvsalud.org)
Occurs1
  • Venous insufficiency often occurs in the legs, and is associated with EDEMA and sometimes with VENOUS STASIS ULCERS at the ankle. (lookformedical.com)
Injuries1
  • Up-regulated expression of Na-K-Cl Cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) has been demonstrated to be closely associated with the pathogenesis of cerebral edema resulting from a variety of brain injuries. (biomedcentral.com)