Obligate genes fungal. Medical search. Frequent questions

Since its introduction to North America in the early 1900s, white pine blister rust (WPBR) caused by the fungal pathogen Cronartium ribicola has resulted in substantial economic losses and ecological damage to native North American five-needle pine species. (frontiersin.org)
We tested a formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin biopsy to identify Emergomyces pasteurianus or a closely related pathogen by sequencing broad-range fungal PCR amplicons. (cdc.gov)
Finding out common or species-specific genes, participated in the plant-pathogen interactions will provide an understanding of the biological mechanisms of the disease. (metu.edu.tr)
tritici, which is an obligate plant fungal pathogen. (metu.edu.tr)
Here, we analyze the epidemiology and genetic structure of natural populations of an obligate fungal pathogen, Podosphaera plantaginis . (elifesciences.org)
Some of them are developed earlier but there is still need to develop more pathogen-resistant species for example in case of silencing of genes with insertion of a viral segment. (springeropen.com)
Phylogenetically, is related to another fungal pathogen, (Stahel) Aime and Phillips-Mora [8], which causes Witches Broom Disease (WBD), a disease that infects all cacao meristematic tissues including flowers, shoots, and pods [8]. (insulin-receptor.info)
Not itself a pathogen, it has long served as the model of choice for the estimated 1.5 million filamentous fungal species, which include important animal and plant pathogens. (doe.gov)

Background: Many fungi are obligate biotrophs of plants, growing in live plant tissues, gaining direct access to recently photosynthesized carbon. (elsevierpure.com)
All AM fungi are obligate biotrophs, i.e., they rely on living host cells to complete their life cycle ( Smith and Read, 2008 ). (frontiersin.org)
Fungal biotrophs are often obligate pathogens, typically having narrow host ranges, possessing haustoria and secreting limited amounts of lytic enzymes [2]. (insulin-receptor.info)
2020) suggest that this traditional classification (into biotrophs, hemibiotrophs, or necrotrophs) should be replaced by a seven-class scheme of trophic phenotypes based on genome-derived analysis of carbohydrate-active enzyme gene content. (davidmoore.org.uk)

Several GRAS -domain proteins, including NSP1 (NODULATION SIGNALLING PATHWAY 1 ) and RAM1 (REQUIRED FOR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZATION 1 ), have emerged as important transcriptional regulators during mycorrhizal colonization, however, little is known about the target genes and biological processes that are regulated by these transcription factors. (cam.ac.uk)
Posttranscriptional gene silencing is a tightly controlled system that relies on a group of proteins to coordinate gene silencing based on sequence complementarity between sRNA and target mRNA [ 1 ] [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
The small-secreted proteins (SSPs) of the identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were generated and characterized via in silico analysis. (metu.edu.tr)
The secreted proteins genes which were upregulated in the biotrophic stage are primarily connected with break down of the intercellular matrix and changes from the fungal mycelia, to face mask the fungi from vegetable defenses possibly. (insulin-receptor.info)
Innovation of mitochondria-localized proteins occurred widely during fungal transitions, indicating their previously unrecognized importance. (biomedcentral.com)
Two genes encoding putative internalin proteins were chosen for further study. (omictools.com)

GH32 gene number was negatively correlated with animal pathogenicity and positively correlated with plant biotrophy, with the notable exception of mycorrhizal taxa. (elsevierpure.com)
The AMF obligate biotrophy is not explained by genome erosion or any related loss of metabolic complexity in central metabolism, but is marked by a lack of genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes and of genes involved in toxin and thiamine synthesis. (ornl.gov)
Study of the genome of Rhizophagus irregularis provides insight into genes involved in obligate biotrophy and mycorrhizal symbioses and the evolution of an ancient asexual organism, and thus is of fundamental importance to the field of genome evolution. (ornl.gov)
The molecular basis of this life-style, obligate biotrophy, remains unknown. (edu.au)

a , Maximum-likelihood tree using concatenated protein sequences of 100 genes randomly selected from 4,694 Fusarium orthologous genes that have clear 1:1:1:1 correlation among the Fusarium genomes and have unique matches in Magnaporthe grisea , Neurospora crassa and Aspergillus nidulans . (nature.com)
Using bioinformatic and PCR-based analyses, we tested for GH32 gene presence in all available fungal genomes and an additional 149 species representing a broad phylogenetic and ecological range of biotrophic fungi. (elsevierpure.com)
GH32 gene number in fungal genomes ranged from 0-12. (elsevierpure.com)
Endophytic fungi are more similar to plant pathogens in their possession of GH32 genes, whereas most genomes of mycorrhizal taxa lack GH32 genes. (elsevierpure.com)
He focussed on families of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZys) and oxido-reductases (OR) lying in the genomes of 30 species, with emphasis on findings in white and brown rot fungi across the taxa. (bspp.org.uk)
In particular, the genetic analysis of disease resistance with plants for which the full genomes are available, such as Arabidopsis thaliana , demonstrates that the division is based on how defence against fungal pathogens is controlled. (davidmoore.org.uk)
By systematically analyzing 304 genomes from all major fungal groups, together with a broad range of eukaryotic outgroups, we have identified 188 novel orthogroups associated with major changes during the evolution of fungi. (biomedcentral.com)
Students will help develop tools and workﬂows to compile annotated libraries of genes and genomes, curate functional associations between genes and microbes in metabolism, and link microbial abundance to host gene/pathway expression and other outcomes. (bu.edu)

Unlike NSP1 , RAM1 plays a critical role in the transcriptional control at later stages of AM symbiosis, regulating the expression of several genes involved in a lipid biosynthesis and export pathway that supplies fatty acids to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which are fatty acid auxotrophs. (cam.ac.uk)
The present comprehensive repertoire of R. irregularis genes provides a basis for future research on symbiosis-related mechanisms in Glomeromycota. (ornl.gov)
This mutualistic symbiosis, involving one of the oldest fungal lineages, is arguably the most ecologically and agriculturally important symbiosis in terrestrial ecosystems. (ornl.gov)
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a symbiosis between plants and AM fungi that requires the intracellular accommodation of the fungal partner in the host. (frontiersin.org)
AM symbiosis culminates with the formation of the arbuscules, highly branched fungal structures that are separated from the surrounding host cytoplasm by the periarbuscular membrane (PAM). (frontiersin.org)
The genetic basis of the changes associated with the establishment of AM has been addressed with two complementary approaches: (i) Forward genetic screens to identify genes required for symbiosis, and (ii) transcript profiling to identify AM-induced genes followed by reverse genetic analysis of their function by gene knockouts or gene silencing. (frontiersin.org)
These genes, most of which are constitutively expressed before and during symbiosis, constitute the common symbiosis signaling pathway (CSSP), which is also required for root nodule symbiosis (RNS). (frontiersin.org)
IMPORTANCE Fungus-growing termites have optimized the decomposition of recalcitrant plant biomass to access valuable nutrients by engaging in a tripartite symbiosis with complementary contributions from a fungal mutualist and a codiversified gut microbiome. (chembiosys.de)

However, while asexual and self-fertilizing individuals transmit all of their genes to their offspring, individuals that reproduce through sex transmit only half of their genome. (elifesciences.org)
Here we introduce the 153-Mb haploid genome of Rhizophagus irregularis and its repertoire of 28,232 genes. (ornl.gov)
The session on genome evolution discussed the increase in available genome databases and how this information has identified genes involved in morphological and physiological processes. (bspp.org.uk)
The relatively large genome sizes were attributed mainly to proliferation of retrotransposons, which were found to be interspersed by a relatively small complement of genes. (bspp.org.uk)
The necrotrophic fungus offers 109 secreted cell wall structure degrading genes in its genome [5], while varieties secrete PR-171 supplier non-host and sponsor particular poisons that disrupt photosynthesis and kill plant cells [6]. (insulin-receptor.info)
The genetic model species Neurospora crassa has a sequenced 43 mb genome that contains 10,620 predicted genes - a complexity comparable to that of animal model systems such as Drosophila . (doe.gov)
The diploid genome size is approximately 29 Mb, and up to 70% of the protein coding genes have not yet been characterized. (ensembl.org)
Homologues, gene trees, and whole genome alignments across multiple species. (ensembl.org)
Summary: Comparative genomics remains a pivotal strategy to study the evolution of gene organization, and this primacy is reinforced by the growing number of full genome sequences available in public repositories. (omictools.com)
Genome-wide transcript analysis showed that B. anthracis undergoes considerable changes in gene expression during growth in iron-depleted media, including the regulation of known and candidate virulence factors. (omictools.com)
This project involves developing statistical analyses which combine genome wide association results with prior information from "omics" studies (gene variant functionality, gene expression, methylation, metabolomic data, and proteomic data) to determine regions with common or rare genetic variants that are potentially causally associated with traits of interest. (bu.edu)

In return for mineral nutrients, plants deliver fixed carbon to the obligate biotrophic fungus. (cam.ac.uk)
The causative agent of the disease is an obligate biotrophic fungus, Puccinia striiformis f.sp. (metu.edu.tr)
Sequences essential for gene term from inside the filamentous fungus. (bulle-dair-coiffure.fr)
In: Gene Manipulationsin Fungus (J. W. Bennett, L. L. Lasure, eds. (bulle-dair-coiffure.fr)

moreover, dsRNAs can be exported to neighboring cells, spreading the knockout gene effect throughout the organism [ 15 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Reproduction allows an organism to pass on its genes to future generations. (elifesciences.org)
Microbes that can only live on one organism (known as obligate commensals) tend to evolve in lock-step with their host, with specific strains tending to be restricted to particular geographical areas. (news-medical.net)
The GO is a controlled vocabulary comprised of GO terms that describe gene product attributes in any organism [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
C. albicans was for a long time considered an obligate diploid organism without a haploid stage. (ensembl.org)

The isolate was initially placed in the genus Emmonsia because of the similarity of the ribosomal large subunit genes. (cdc.gov)
Fungal DNA was amplified by 2 broad-range PCR assays targeting a region of the 28S and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 2 regions of the fungal ribosomal RNA genes. (cdc.gov)
He also performed PACE2C (GENPROBE) molecular screening and confirmation tests for intracellular obligate bacterial ribosomal RNA detection in sexually transmitted diseases (STD) such as Chlamydia Trachomatis and Neisseria Gonorrhoea. (sivams.com)
It may not come as a surprise that only 12 of 174 species of Laboulbeniomycetes described between 2010 and 2020 were accompanied by sequences, mostly of nuclear ribosomal DNA regions, but also mitochondrial small subunit rDNA and the translation elongation factor 1α gene. (dannyhaelewaters.com)

Expression out-of a bacterial aspartase gene in the Aspergillus nidulans: a simple yet effective system for choosing multicopy transformants. (bulle-dair-coiffure.fr)
It also highlights the importance of HGT in the evolutionary history of CHS and describes bacterial chs genes for the first time. (biomedcentral.com)
CF sputum samples are now known to contain complex bacterial communities, including facultative and obligate anaerobic organisms [ 10 - 12 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Expertise in the preservative efficacy testing, antimicrobial evaluations for dry surfaces and coatings, bacterial, fungal and algal identifications. (sivams.com)

Worked on research and development projects for successful introduction of products for antibacterial, anti-fungal and anti-algal properties. (sivams.com)

Ancestral state reconstruction of GH32 gene abundance showed a strong correlation with nutritional mode, and gene family expansion was observed in several clades of pathogenic filamentous Ascomycota species. (elsevierpure.com)
While both of these fungal species are pathogenic on the plant genera PR-171 supplier and isn't known to possess some other hosts, whereas offers specific biotypes that infect different sponsor varieties [11]. (insulin-receptor.info)

LS regions are rich in transposons and genes with distinct evolutionary profiles but related to pathogenicity, indicative of horizontal acquisition. (nature.com)
These findings put the evolution of fungal pathogenicity into a new perspective. (nature.com)

The aim of this study was to explore the distribution and abundance of GH32 genes in fungi to understand how sucrose utilization is structured within and among major ecological guilds and evolutionary lineages. (elsevierpure.com)
Results: We detected 9 lineages of GH32 genes in fungi, 4 of which we describe for the first time. (elsevierpure.com)
Phylogenetic analyses further reveals that lignin -degrading class II peroxidises have expanded independently in many wood rot lineages, with ancient gene duplication. (bspp.org.uk)

How do obligate parasites evolve? (wikipedia.org)
These fungi are obligate biotrophic parasites that are completely dependent on their hosts for growth and reproduction. (encyclopedia.pub)
powdery mildew fungi are obligate biotrophic parasites unable to grow on culture media, a fact that has significantly limited their genetic manipulation. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of ITS, LSU, act and tef1- α showed that the isolates form a distinct clade, sister to Cytospora plurivora. (bvsalud.org)

The thesis includes the microarray profiling of differentially expressed genes during compatible and incompatible interaction. (metu.edu.tr)
Evaluation of RNA-Seq data from infected vegetable cells revealed expressed genes in the biotrophic and necrotrophic stages differentially. (insulin-receptor.info)
Advances in transcriptome sequencing allow for simultaneous interrogation of differentially expressed genes from multiple species originating from a single RNA sample, termed dual or multi-species transcriptomics. (biomedcentral.com)

Using orthologous group analysis, single-copy and species-specific genes were identified. (bvsalud.org)
Primers and probes were designed targeting two species-specific genes in each species. (bvsalud.org)

The existence of sex - broadly defined as the coming together of genes from different individuals - is one of the big evolutionary puzzles. (elifesciences.org)
This allowed us to revise and unify the fungal CHS classification and to study the evolutionary history of the CHS multigenic family. (biomedcentral.com)
Forming a strong foundation for new research in evolutionary biology and ecology stands a large and strong genetic community with an NSF funded Fungal Genetics Stock Center containing thousands of mutants and more than 5000 wild type isolates from global collecting efforts. (doe.gov)
We also find that prokaryote-derived horizontal gene transfer provided a small source of evolutionary novelty with such genes involved in key metabolic pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
The overall picture is one of a relatively small number of novel genes appearing at major evolutionary transitions in the phylogeny of fungi, with most arising de novo and horizontal gene transfer providing only a small additional source of evolutionary novelty. (biomedcentral.com)
Two other major changes occurred during this transition: (1) all stages of fungal life cycles from this evolutionary point on have true cell walls and (2) the spindle pole body acts as a microtubule-organizing center for mitotic and meiotic nuclear division [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Supercharging SIP in the Fungal Hyphosphere Applying high-throughput stable isotope probing to the study of a particular fungi, researchers identified novel interactions between bacteria and the fungi. (doe.gov)
Lastly, PfTUB2 was used as a target gene in the development of a high-throughput method to quantify fungal growth in plant tissues. (edu.au)

Fungal Genetics and Biology. (wikipedia.org)
Fungal Biology. (edu.au)
Thirty UK based scientists at tended this conference, giving or orchestrating just over 10% of the presentations - a clear demonstration that fungal biology thrives on our small island. (bspp.org.uk)
Fungal Genetics and Biology 45:351-362. (doe.gov)

Accommodating fungal hyphae in roots requires extensive transcriptional reprogramming of host cells. (cam.ac.uk)
At the transcriptional level, gene expression is inhibited via RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) while at the post-transcriptional level (PTGS) direct mRNA interference causes inhibition of translation. (biomedcentral.com)
RNAi is a biological mechanism in which short noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) are used to deliberately downregulate gene expression at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level. (encyclopedia.pub)

The establishment of AM requires fundamental reorganization of the host cells to allow intracellular accommodation of the fungal symbiont. (frontiersin.org)

The Glomeromycota are unique in that their spores and coenocytic hyphae contain hundreds of nuclei in a common cytoplasm, which raises important questions about the natural selection, population genetics, and gene expression of these highly unusual organisms. (ornl.gov)
More than 950 delegates from 35 countries gathered for the 26th Fungal Genetics Conference in Asilomar, California. (bspp.org.uk)

These associated SNPs were located in genes involved in multiple molecular mechanisms potentially underlying limber pine MGR to C. ribicola , including NBS-LRR genes for recognition of C. ribicola effectors, signaling components, and a large set of defense-responsive genes with potential functions in plant effector-triggered immunity (ETI). (frontiersin.org)

Necrotrophs are non-obligate pathogens typically, possess wide sponsor varies and secrete copious levels of lytic toxins and enzymes [2]. (insulin-receptor.info)

In this study, we isolated and characterised the β-tubulin-encoding gene of P. fusca (PfTUB2) to develop molecular tools with different applications in powdery mildew research. (edu.au)
Our results showed that the TUB2 gene is a good marker for molecular phylogenetics in powdery mildew fungi but it is unsuitable for the analysis of intraspecific diversity in P. fusca. (edu.au)

Streamlining Regulon Identification in Bacteria Regulons are a group of genes that can be turned on or off by the same regulatory protein. (doe.gov)
Benjamin Gregson 2019 "Proteomic insights into the marine obligate hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (OHCB) during alkane degradation" University of Essex. (plymouth.ac.uk)
Christofer Osbecks 2019 "Exploring gene expression responses of marine bacteria to environmental factors" Linnaeus University (Sweden). (plymouth.ac.uk)
However, it is likely that several horizontal gene transfers (HGT) also occurred in eukaryotic microorganisms and, even more surprisingly, in bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
These chemicals are classified as bactericides, fungicides and nematicides which suppress the plant infection caused by bacteria, fungal and nematodes, respectively. (springeropen.com)

Candida albicans is the second most frequent agent of human fungal infections worldwide, causing high-mortality rates. (assignmentexpert.com)
Prior to studies of and broad institution of antifungal prophylaxis in high-risk preterm infants, the incidence of fungal infections had been rising in infants born at less than 1000 g, with the ensuing resuscitation and survival of more and more infants. (medscape.com)
For these reasons, fungal infections are often difficult to eradicate in the preterm infant and, in cases of candidemia, central venous catheter removal is critical for clearance and survival. (medscape.com)
Although these immunocompromised infants are at increased risk during most of their hospital stay, they are at the highest risk of acquiring invasive fungal infections during the first weeks of life, when the most invasive therapies are performed and remain in place. (medscape.com)
The pathogenesis of fungal infections in preterm infants involves adherence, colonization, and dissemination (as shown in the image below). (medscape.com)
Pathogenesis and invasive fungal infections in very low birth weight infants. (medscape.com)
For these reasons, fungal infections are often difficult to eradicate in the preterm infant. (medscape.com)

RIViT-seq technology could speed up associating transcription factors with their target genes. (doe.gov)

During the project, the successful student will learn about molecular phylogenetic techniques and fungal taxonomy. (dannyhaelewaters.com)

Streptococcal pathogens continue to evade concerted efforts to decipher clear-cut virulence mechanisms, although numerous genes have been implicated in pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)

RNA silencing (also known as RNA interference, RNAi) is a conserved and integral aspect of gene regulation mediated by small RNAs (sRNAs) that direct gene silencing on the level of transcription but also post-transcriptionally. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein-coding and non-coding genes, splice variants, cDNA and protein sequences, non-coding RNAs. (ensembl.org)

The last session was on regulatory networks which mentioned the use of functional genomics to understand fungal processes. (bspp.org.uk)
The absence of a functional INT1 gene diminishes adherence in yeast cells but not filamentous forms. (medscape.com)
In addition, introduction of C albicans strains with two functional copies of the INT1 gene increased the number of fungi colonizing the cecum and disseminating to extraintestinal sites. (medscape.com)

This membrane, together with the fungal plasma membrane, and the space in between, constitute the symbiotic interface, over which nutrients are exchanged. (frontiersin.org)

Discovering that these yeasts can reproduce sexually helps us to anticipate how they might evolve in the future, and whether they are likely to develop drug resistance through the exchange of genes. (news-medical.net)

Emergomycosis is a fungal infection caused by fungi of the newly described genus Emergomyces , of the order Onygenales, which includes obligate fungal pathogens, such as Histoplasma , Blastomyces , and Paracoccidioides ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)

Peronosporaceae are obligate biotrophic plant pathogens. (wikipedia.org)
Consistent with this, sRNAs and their double-stranded (ds) RNA precursors have been adopted to control plant diseases through exogenously applied RNA biopesticides, known as spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS). (biomedcentral.com)
Few mycorrhizal species were found to have GH32 genes as compared to other guilds of plant-associated fungi, such as pathogens, endophytes and lichen-forming fungi. (elsevierpure.com)
Background Fungal plant pathogens can be classified as biotrophic, necrotrophic or hemibiotrophic pathogens based on how they interact with their host. (insulin-receptor.info)
This mini-review will summarize the mechanisms that have evolved in diverse microbes and hosts for controlling PCD and the Gene Ontology terms developed by the Plant-Associated Microbe Gene Ontology (PAMGO) Consortium for describing those mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
This review will focus on the struggle for control of PCD that occurs between diverse microbes and their plant and animal hosts, as well as the GO terms that have been developed recently by the Plant-Associated Microbe Gene Ontology (PAMGO) Consortium [ 12 ] to describe the processes underlying this struggle. (biomedcentral.com)

The segregation ratios of these families were consistent with expression of major gene resistance (MGR) controlled by a dominant R locus. (frontiersin.org)
We found that NSP1 is required for the expression of a large number of genes involved in strigolactone biosynthesis at the pre‐contact stage of AM development. (cam.ac.uk)
The expression of PfTUB2 was proven to be stable in different temperature conditions, supporting its use as a reference gene in quantitative gene expression studies. (edu.au)
We describe best practices for multi-species transcriptomics and differential gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
The research work focused on Molecular Cloning of complimentary DNA (cDNA), multifamily gene characterization, regulation, expression and purification of human folate receptors. (sivams.com)
construction of a shuttle vector for heterologous expression of a novel fungal α-amylase gene in aspergillus oryzae. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Options are available to focus on applied data study of neuronal gene expression, aquatic food-webs, or marine fishery management. (bu.edu)
Treatment with NMT inhibitor IMP-1088 potently abrogated VACV infection, while VACV gene expression, DNA replication, morphogenesis and EV formation remained unaffected. (cdc.gov)

The expansion of mating-related genes suggests the existence of cryptic sex-related processes. (ornl.gov)
Programmed cell death (PCD) is defined in the Gene Ontology (GO) as "GO: 0012501 cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes" [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Phylogenomic analyses were performed with 148 single-copy genes represented in at least 90% of the taxa in the data set. (bvsalud.org)

While most previous work suggests that lignocellulose degradation is accomplished predominantly by the fungal cultivar, our current understanding of the underlying biomolecular mechanisms remains rudimentary. (chembiosys.de)
The order, with about 2,325 described species in 145 genera, forms the most diverse fungal lineage associated with representatives of the Phylum Arthropoda, predominantly insects. (dannyhaelewaters.com)

The genes Candida is comprised of over 200 species and constitutes an extremely diverse yeast species whose common bond is the absence of a sexual cycle. (assignmentexpert.com)

Here, we review the fungal volatile compounds (FVOCs) and their impacts on different recipient organisms from perspective of distinct lifestyles of the filamentous fungi. (ppjonline.org)

They discovered that all the samples were very different from each other at a genetic level, particularly within genes encoding molecules that help the yeast to infect humans. (news-medical.net)
Until now, it was thought that C. glabrata only reproduced asexually by budding, even though the yeast contains genes required for sexual reproduction. (news-medical.net)

C. albicans is the most common fungal species isolated from biofilms either formed on (permanent) implanted medical devices or on human tissue. (ensembl.org)

relationships and cryptic species to fully assess aquatic fungal diversity. (sfnordica.com)

The Dupuis lab develops statistical approaches to identify specific genes or genetic variants that inﬂuence complex phenotypes through their associated quantitative traits, which are traits that can be measured numerically, such as height or blood pressure in humans, and seed size or oil content in plants. (bu.edu)

By comparison, some other protist mtDNAs, most fungal, and all animal mtDNAs are highly derived, having diverged away from the ancestral pattern exemplified by R. americana mtDNA. (biomedcentral.com)

Pathogen8

Biotrophs4

Proteins6

Biotrophy4

Genomes8

Symbiosis8

Genome11

Fungus4

Organism5

Ribosomal4

Bacterial4

Anti-fungal1

Pathogenic2

Pathogenicity2

Lineages3

Parasites3

Phylogenetic analysis1

Differentially3

Species-specific genes2

Evolutionary6

High-throughput2

Biology4

Transcriptional3

Intracellular1

Genetics2

Effector1

Necrotrophs1

Powdery2

Bacteria5

Infections7

Target genes1

Taxonomy1

Pathogenesis1

RNAs2

Functional3

Symbiotic1

Evolve1

Infection caused1

Plant6

Expression8

Processes2

Taxa1

Predominantly2

Candida1

Compounds1

Yeast2

Albicans1

Aquatic1

Variants1

Ancestral1