• Chromatin-remodelling complexes of the SWI/SNF family function in the formation of nucleosome-depleted, transcriptionally active promoter regions (NDRs). (mbexc.de)
  • The RSC-nucleosome structure provides a basis for understanding NDR formation and the structure and function of human SWI/SNF complexes that are frequently mutated in cancer. (mbexc.de)
  • The number of chromatin modifying and remodeling complexes implicated in genome control is growing faster than our understanding of the functional roles they play. (nih.gov)
  • Correspondingly, the locations of nucleosomes in the genome are precisely controlled by so called nucleosome remodeling complexes. (tu-dresden.de)
  • The super-structure of chromatin is regulated by ring-shaped, ATP-dependent molecular motors belonging to the SMC family of protein complexes. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Multi-scale modeling of macro-complexes, such as transcriptional complexes, nucleosome or chromatin. (bsc.es)
  • SWI/SNF complexes regulate gene activity (expression) by a process known as chromatin remodeling. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The ARID1A subunit is able to attach (bind) to DNA and is thought to help target SWI/SNF complexes to the chromatin location that needs to be remodeled. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although it is unclear how these changes affect SWI/SNF complexes, researchers suggest that ARID1A gene variants result in abnormal chromatin remodeling. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Our results provide new information on the chromatin engagement of two central players in transcription elongation and emphasize the importance of the nucleosome core as a hub for proteins that regulate chromatin during transcription. (biorxiv.org)
  • A single nucleosome consists of about 150 base pairs of DNA sequence wrapped around a core of histone proteins. (genome.gov)
  • These LRC are the signature of the DNA-histone proteins interactions within the nucleosomes, the basic units for DNA compaction in eukaryotic cell nuclei, that constitute a regulatory factor for accessibility to genetic material. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, genomic DNA is highly folded and compacted with histone and non-histone proteins in a dynamic polymer called chromatin. (epigenome-noe.net)
  • DNA is wrapped around histone proteins forming a single repeating unit called the nucleosome. (mpg.de)
  • Transposition of native chromatin for fast and sensitive epigenomic profiling of open chromatin, DNA-binding proteins and nucleosome position. (genomeweb.com)
  • Histone H3 is one of the DNA-binding proteins found in the chromatin of all eukaryotic cells. (fishersci.com)
  • H3 along with four core histone proteins binds to DNA forming the structure of the nucleosome. (fishersci.com)
  • The conserved family of Transcription Intermediary Factors (TIF1) proteins consists of key transcriptional regulators that control transcription of target genes by modulating chromatin state. (elifesciences.org)
  • Remodelers move, assemble, or eject nucleosomes in an ATP-dependent fashion. (tu-dresden.de)
  • These 'spacing remodelers' thereby generate arrays of nucleosomes with a surprising regularity, and these arrays are conserved throughout eukaryotes. (tu-dresden.de)
  • What are the three mechanisms by which chromatin remodelers can move nucleosomes? (pvillage.org)
  • During my PhD at Cardiff University I developed novel bioinformatics methods to analyze nucleosome maps generated by MNase-digest sequencing in order to understand the roles of chromatin remodelers in controlling developmental expression programs through nucleosome positioning. (yale.edu)
  • An acidic patch mutant showed defects in nucleosome positioning and occupancy genome-wide. (biorxiv.org)
  • Here we use nucleosome occupancy and methylation sequencing method to analyze both the genome-wide chromatin accessibility and DNA methylome at a series of crucial time points during fetal germ cell development in both human and mouse. (nature.com)
  • Although the genome-wide histone modification landscapes of mouse in vivo germ cells and in vitro PGCLCs have been profiled and several germline-specific properties of epigenetic reprogramming have been revealed, the study of genome-scale chromatin states in human FGCs is still challenging, due to the scarcity of materials and technical difficulties. (nature.com)
  • They develop cutting-edge technology to visualize individual nucleosome patterns in single cells, to deduce systems-level properties of tens of thousands of nucleosomes in cells, and to dissect the mechanism of nucleosome remodeling genome-wide in vivo and in vitro. (tu-dresden.de)
  • We discuss recent in vitro experiments with biochemically defined chromatin templates that illuminate new aspects of action by histone acetyltransferases and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling engines in facilitating transcription. (nih.gov)
  • Dans une étroite relation avec l'expérimentation, les activités de l'équipe visent à l'analyse de la structuration du génome dans les cellules en connexion avec la transcription et la réplication. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • We have proposed that this specific organization could result from the constraints of accommodating the replication and transcription initiation processes at chromatin level, and reducing head-on collisions between the two machineries. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • Our findings has provided a new model of gene organization in the human genome, which integrates transcription, replication, and chromatin structure as coordinated determinants of genome architecture. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • Our work offers a comprehensive and high-resolution roadmap for dissecting chromatin state transition dynamics during the epigenomic reprogramming of human and mouse FGCs. (nature.com)
  • In the nucleus it behaves as a DNA chaperone, sustains nucleosome dynamics and chromosomal stability, and contributes to telomere maintenance [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Such chromatin dynamics are promoted by a combination of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes (e.g. (umassmed.edu)
  • H2A.Z). Our research uses a powerful combination of state-of-the-art chromatin biochemistry and genomic approaches in budding yeast to study the biological mechanisms that regulate both chromatin dynamics and transcriptional states. (umassmed.edu)
  • However, how an array of nucleosomes folds into and switches between different fiber conformations is poorly understood. (nih.gov)
  • CHD4 is the core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex NuRD and harbors tandem plant homeo finger (tPHD) and chromo (tCHD) domains. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Here, we demonstrate that the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex is asymmetrically segregated into the surviving daughter cell rather than the apoptotic one during ACDs in Caenorhabditis elegans . (elifesciences.org)
  • The mobile ARP module may modulate translocase-nucleosome interactions to regulate RSC activity. (mbexc.de)
  • Nucleosome occupancy (white corresponding to large occupancy values) for the 2000 shortest S. Cerevisiae genes ordered by increasing length from top to bottom and aligned on the promoter (null distance). (ens-lyon.fr)
  • A nucleosome is the basic repeating subunit of chromatin packaged inside the cell's nucleus. (genome.gov)
  • These complex multi-subunit machines carry out multiple tasks on nucleosomes including chemical modifications, histone exchange and sliding them on DNA in what appears to be a highly coordinated process. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Remodeling enzymes set up the canonical nucleosome organization of genes. (tu-dresden.de)
  • Note that the organization of the nucleosomal assembly results from the confinement of nucleosomes between sequence induced high energy barriers corresponding to the nucleosome free regions observed at the promoters and gene ends. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • The organization of chromatin in the cell nucleus is currently mainly studied with the Hi-C technique, which uses sequencing to quantify contacts between different DNA regions. (pasteur.fr)
  • This study provides new information about basic genome organization structures, as well as a method to visualize and model the detailed structure of chromatin. (pasteur.fr)
  • Remarkably, when the scientists studied the offspring that were laid without the H4K16ac information, they found that genes marked by H4K16ac under normal conditions were now no longer appropriately expressed, and their chromatin organization was severely disrupted. (mpg.de)
  • Nucleus - Internal organization, Nuclear pore complex, Nucleosomes Chromatin. (amrita.edu)
  • RSC removes nucleosomes from promoter regions and positions the specialized +1 and −1 nucleosomes that flank NDRs. (mbexc.de)
  • A consensus emerging from all these experiments is that the joint action by several types of chromatin remodeling machines can lead to a more profound alteration of the infrastructure of chromatin over a target promoter than could be obtained by these enzymes acting independently. (nih.gov)
  • Transcriptionally active chromatin regions are characterized by the dynamic disruption and re-assembly of promoter proximal nucleosomes. (umassmed.edu)
  • We show that Bonus associates with the histone methyltransferase SetDB1 and the chromatin remodeler NuRD and depletion of either component releases Bonus-induced repression. (elifesciences.org)
  • In humans, about six feet of DNA must be packaged into a nucleus with a diameter less than a human hair, and nucleosomes play a key role in that process. (genome.gov)
  • Each human cell contains the equivalent of two meters of DNA packed in a small, micrometre-sized nucleus in the form of chromatin. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Many nucleosomes join together to form the "chromatin" located in the nucleus of all cells. (mpg.de)
  • The nucleosome core regulates DNA-templated processes through the highly conserved nucleosome acidic patch. (biorxiv.org)
  • While structural and biochemical studies have shown that the acidic patch controls chromatin factor binding and activity, few studies have elucidated its functions in vivo . (biorxiv.org)
  • The SMARCB1 C-terminal alpha-helical domain binds the nucleosome acidic patch and mediates mSWI/SNF chromatin remodeling. (princeton.edu)
  • Arabidopsis FORGETTER1 mediates stress-induced chromatin memory through nucleosome remodeling. (mpg.de)
  • Chromatin remodeling is important for the epigenetic reprogramming of human primordial germ cells. (nature.com)
  • Nucleosomes serve both as barriers that restrict access to the genome and as a medium to accumulate epigenetic marks. (tu-dresden.de)
  • These findings provide insights into the structural plasticity of chromatin and suggest a possible assembly pathway for a 30-nm fiber. (nih.gov)
  • The ATPase and arm modules sandwich the nucleosome disc with the Snf2 ATP-coupling (SnAC) domain and the finger helix, respectively. (mbexc.de)
  • The translocase motor of the ATPase module engages with the edge of the nucleosome at superhelical location +2. (mbexc.de)
  • We report the 9.7 Å resolution crystal structure of a 6-nucleosome array bound to linker histone H1 determined under ionic conditions that favor incomplete chromatin condensation. (nih.gov)
  • Rtf1 bound to nucleosomes through its histone modification domain, supporting its role as a cofactor in H2B K123 ubiquitylation. (biorxiv.org)
  • We find 116 887 and 137 557 nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) in human and mouse FGCs, covering a large set of germline-specific and highly dynamic regulatory genomic elements, such as enhancers. (nature.com)
  • Nucleosome positioning via excluding genomic energy barriers. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • The overarching aim of the Mueller-Planitz lab is to elucidate the biogenesis of the nucleosome landscape and dissect its biological function under physiological and pathological conditions. (tu-dresden.de)
  • Specifically, shortening the Epl1 linker causes severe growth defects and reduced H4 acetylation levels over broad chromatin regions in fission yeast. (nature.com)
  • The scientists used this method to analyze the influence of cohesin on the chromatin structures. (pasteur.fr)
  • In addition, it appears that in specific cases one type of chromatin structure alteration (e.g., histone hyperacetylation) is contingent upon prior alterations of a different sort (i.e. (nih.gov)
  • We have known for some years that chromatin fiber forms loops that are maintained by a molecule complex called cohesin. (pasteur.fr)
  • Chromatin adopts a diversity of regular and irregular fiber structures in vitro and in vivo. (nih.gov)
  • However, the comprehensive chromatin state has not yet been analyzed for human fetal germ cells (FGCs). (nature.com)
  • We developed an approach combining imaging with polymer simulations to describe the chromatin structure in individual human cells," explains Christophe Zimmer, Head of the Imaging and Modeling laboratory at the Institut Pasteur. (pasteur.fr)
  • Although the global and thorough DNA demethylation patterns of human FGCs have been revealed, the accompanying chromatin states in human germline remains unexplored. (nature.com)
  • The structure reveals a flat two-start helix with uniform nucleosomal stacking interfaces and a nucleosome packing density that is only half that of a twisted 30-nm fiber. (nih.gov)
  • The N-terminal tail of histone H3 protrudes from the globular nucleosome core and can undergo several different types of post-translational modifications that influence cellular processes. (fishersci.com)
  • Nucleosomes do a lot of things in our genomes. (genome.gov)
  • NuA4 has the unique capacity to acetylate histone targets located several nucleosomes away from its recruitment site. (nature.com)
  • Recruitment of 53BP1 to chromatin flanking double strand breaks (DSBs) requires γH2AX/MDC1/RNF8-dependent ubiquitination of chromatin and interaction of 53BP1 with histone H4 methylated on lysine 20 (H4K20me). (cipsm.de)
  • Recruitment of Bonus to chromatin leads to silencing associated with accumulation of the repressive H3K9me3 mark. (elifesciences.org)
  • Nucleosomes are one of the main structures that help keep our DNA folded up neatly and packed away or help to unfold it. (genome.gov)
  • Nucleosome recognition by the Piccolo NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex. (nature.com)