• They make up much of what we used to think of as the 'dark matter' of our genome because, unlike the better-known messenger RNA genes, they do not produce [code for the production of] proteins. (bioquicknews.com)
  • Although all the currently known ASD risk genes code for proteins, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as essential regulators of gene expression have been implicated in ASD. (figshare.com)
  • Given that some lncRNAs have been reported to have the potential to encode small proteins or micro-peptides, the latest definition of lncRNA is a class of RNA molecules of over 200 nucleotides that have no or limited coding capacity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we outline the current status of the viral evasion mechanism underlying the regulation of the cGAS-STING pathway, focusing on how post-transcriptional modifications, viral proteins, and non-coding RNAs involve innate immunity during viral infection, attempting to inspire new targets discovery and uncover potential clinical antiviral treatments. (frontiersin.org)
  • For instance, due to their genetic flexibility, viruses have developed various viral proteins and non-coding RNAs to interrupt several checkpoints of cGAS-STING. (frontiersin.org)
  • Gene expression refers to how often or when proteins are created from the instructions within your genes. (cdc.gov)
  • Typically, this group is added to specific places on the DNA, where it blocks the proteins that attach to DNA to "read" the gene. (cdc.gov)
  • When histones are tightly packed together, proteins that 'read' the gene cannot access the DNA as easily, so the gene is turned "off. (cdc.gov)
  • When histones are loosely packed, more DNA is exposed or not wrapped around a histone and can be accessed by proteins that 'read' the gene, so the gene is turned "on. (cdc.gov)
  • Coding RNA is used to make proteins. (cdc.gov)
  • Non-coding RNA helps control gene expression by attaching to coding RNA, along with certain proteins, to break down the coding RNA so that it cannot be used to make proteins. (cdc.gov)
  • Non-coding RNA may also recruit proteins to modify histones to turn genes "on" or "off. (cdc.gov)
  • Epigenetics allows the muscle cell to turn "on" genes to make proteins important for its job and turn "off" genes important for a nerve cell's job. (cdc.gov)
  • Scientists discover transcripts from the same gene that can express both proteins and noncoding RNA. (the-scientist.com)
  • Unlike coding mRNAs, which are translated into functional proteins and peptides, the function of most non-coding RNAs is unclear. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Although non-coding RNAs fail to produce functional proteins, researchers believe that in some cases these RNAs may control gene expression. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The recently discovered long noncoding RNAs seem to boost the production of specific proteins in the cell by interacting with RNA-binding proteins, researchers find. (the-scientist.com)
  • Bits of the transcriptome once believed to function as RNA molecules are in fact translated into small proteins. (the-scientist.com)
  • Among the nTARs, 146 share significant similarity with proteins that have been identified in other species suggesting that they are hitherto unidentified genes in C. graminicola . (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the online version, these sections contain links to more information about proteins encoded by over 17,000 known or predicted human genes. (cshlpress.com)
  • Additional links to NCBI resources are provided for human noncoding RNAs and repeated DNA elements and for proteins of interest from other species. (cshlpress.com)
  • This RNA attaches (binds) to several proteins, forming an enzyme complex called mitochondrial RNA-processing endoribonuclease, or RNase MRP. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For some genes, the abundance of the circular RNA exceeds that of the associated linear mRNA by a factor of 10, raising the interesting possibility that the function of some protein-coding genes may actually be to produce circular noncoding RNAs, not proteins. (bcm.edu)
  • Using RNAi screening in Drosophila cells, we identified many hnRNPs, SR proteins, core spliceosome, and transcription termination factors that control the outputs of reporter and endogenous genes. (bcm.edu)
  • Gene expression generally produces proteins, but there are also non-coding genes that produce RNA molecules (rRNA, tRNA). (lu.se)
  • Transcription factors are a group of proteins that are needed for a gene to start being copied to RNA, i.e. for transcription to start. (lu.se)
  • It is not only the genes that code for proteins that are methylated, but also parts of the DNA that code for regulatory functions (RNA molecules), which can have a greater effect than genes. (lu.se)
  • This arbitrary limit distinguishes long ncRNAs from small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), and other short RNAs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) can regulate one other by competing for the shared microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) ( 14 , 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • Once produced, it is largely unclear what circular RNAs do, although two are known to efficiently modulate the activity of microRNAs. (bcm.edu)
  • MicroRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that exhibit profound functional significance through the inhibition of gene expression of mRNA targets. (cdc.gov)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an integral part of the post-transcriptional machinery of gene expression and have been implicated in the carcinogenic cascade. (cdc.gov)
  • RNA drugs can be targeted toward noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs, or toward mRNA. (medscape.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small noncoding RNAs, preserved throughout the evolution, able to regulate gene expression through repression of translation or degradation of target molecules of messenger RNA. (bvsalud.org)
  • The genes we found are called long non-coding RNAs, or lncRNAs," said Gay Crooks (photo), M.D., Co-Director of the UCLA Broad Stem Cell Research Center, a member of the UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, and co-senior author of the Nature Immunology study. (bioquicknews.com)
  • Particularly, the knowledge learnt from protein-coding ASD risk genes was transferred to the prediction and prioritization of ASD-associated lncRNAs. (figshare.com)
  • We then utilized the models to predict and prioritize a list of candidate lncRNAs, including some reported to be cis-regulators of known ASD risk genes, for further investigation. (figshare.com)
  • Conclusions Our results suggest that ASD risk genes can be accurately predicted using developmental brain gene expression data and transcript sequence features, and the models may provide useful information for functional characterization of the candidate lncRNAs associated with ASD. (figshare.com)
  • Long non-coding RNAs include intergenic lincRNAs, intronic ncRNAs, and sense and antisense lncRNAs, each type showing different genomic positions in relation to genes and exons. (wikipedia.org)
  • Quantitatively, lncRNAs demonstrate ~10-fold lower abundance than mRNAs, which is explained by higher cell-to-cell variation of expression levels of lncRNA genes in the individual cells, when compared to protein-coding genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Only 3.6% of human lncRNA genes are expressed in various biological contexts and 34% of lncRNA genes are expressed at high level (top 25% of both lncRNAs and mRNAs) in at least one biological context. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2022, a comprehensive integration of lncRNAs from existing databases, revealed that there are 95,243 lncRNA genes and 323,950 transcripts in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • This generates a vast repertoire of transcripts that includes protein-coding messenger RNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and repetitive sequences, such as SINEs (short interspersed nuclear elements). (nature.com)
  • The objective of this study is to explore the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) expression profiles of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). (frontiersin.org)
  • Mammalian transcriptomes contain thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some lncRNAs originate from intragenic enhancers which, when active, behave as alternative promoters producing transcripts that are processed using the canonical signals of their host gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Different correlations between the levels of elncRNAs, plncRNAs and expression of neighboring genes suggest that functional lncRNAs from the two classes may play contrasting roles in regulating the transcript abundance of local or distal loci. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At least 50,000 lncRNAs are expressed from intergenic regions of the human genome, more than twice the number of protein-coding genes [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, for simplicity, we refer to intergenic lncRNAs as those that are transcribed by RNA-polymerase II, 5′ end capped and polyadenylated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study investigated the role of long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in glioblastomagenesis progression. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • LncRNAs are found also to regulate genome structure and gene expression. (news-medical.net)
  • Our findings bring new insight into the role of lncRNAs in P. falciparum 's capacity to cause malaria, gene regulation, and sexual differentiation,' said Le Roch, who directs UCR's Center for Infectious Disease and Vector Research. (news-medical.net)
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides that function as regulatory factors in many human diseases, including cancer. (jcancer.org)
  • Some of them are for non-coding RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, called long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) [ 1 , 2 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • To date, it is well known that lncRNAs participate in chromatin modifications and transcriptional and translational regulation of protein-encoding genes or regulate protein function and activity through specific binding [ 3 - 5 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • PU.1 expression is modulated by the balance of functional sense and antisense RNAs regulated by a shared cis-regulatory element. (nature.com)
  • While some long ncRNAs are located within the intergenic stretches, the majority are overlapping sense and antisense transcripts that often include protein-coding genes, giving rise to a complex hierarchy of overlapping isoforms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chromatin associated sense and antisense noncoding RNAs are transcribed from the var gene family of virulence genes of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. (cornell.edu)
  • Here, we demonstrate that this chromatin structure also includes the incorporation of long sense and antisense noncoding RNAs. (cornell.edu)
  • RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) analysis detects both the sense and antisense noncoding RNAs in distinct spots within the nucleus similar to the pattern described for the var genes themselves. (cornell.edu)
  • Typically, methylation turns genes "off" and demethylation turns genes "on. (cdc.gov)
  • For example, at certain parts of the AHRR gene, smokers tend to have less DNA methylation than non-smokers. (cdc.gov)
  • After quitting smoking, former smokers can begin to have increased DNA methylation at this gene. (cdc.gov)
  • These genes are regulated by specific regions near the genes called imprinting control regions (ICRs), which contain epigenetic marks (methylation) that coordinate gene expression. (medscape.com)
  • DMRs show continuous gain or loss of methylation during differentiation, and the overall change in DNA methylation correlates inversely with gene expression at key loci. (lu.se)
  • DNA methylation is a chemical process that regulates the function of the genes. (lu.se)
  • Here we identify a nuclear-enriched lncRNA antisense to mouse ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 ( Uchl1 ), a gene involved in brain function and neurodegenerative diseases 11 . (nature.com)
  • Antisense Uchl1 function is under the control of stress signalling pathways, as mTORC1 inhibition by rapamycin causes an increase in UCHL1 protein that is associated to the shuttling of antisense Uchl1 RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. (nature.com)
  • Antisense Uchl1 RNA is then required for the association of the overlapping sense protein-coding mRNA to active polysomes for translation. (nature.com)
  • A natural antisense transcript regulates Zeb2/Sip1 gene expression during Snail1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. (nature.com)
  • Hastings, M. L., Ingle, H. A., Lazar, M. A. & Munroe, S. H. Post-transcriptional regulation of thyroid hormone receptor expression by cis-acting sequences and a naturally occurring antisense RNA. (nature.com)
  • The expression of HOX transcript antisense RNA lncRNA is increased in GBM and is significantly associated with high grade brain tumors ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • KCNQ1OT1 , or potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 opposite transcript 1 is the antisense transcript of the protein-coding gene KCNQ1 . (medscape.com)
  • This lncRNA is an antisense of intron 1 of unc-5 netrin receptor B (UNC5B) gene. (jcancer.org)
  • Stoke Therapeutics is developing antisense therapies aimed at correcting mutations in sodium channel genes, which cause up to 80% of cases of Dravet syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Long intervening/intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) are sequences of lncRNA which do not overlap protein-coding genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2007 a study found only one-fifth of transcription across the human genome is associated with protein-coding genes, indicating at least four times more long non-coding than coding RNA sequences. (wikipedia.org)
  • Of considerable interest, we found that expression of elncRNAs, but not plncRNAs, is associated with enhanced expression of neighboring protein-coding genes during erythropoiesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Deep sequencing has revealed thousands of eukaryotic protein-coding genes that defy the central dogma, producing circular noncoding RNAs rather than linear messenger RNAs. (bcm.edu)
  • In total, these results indicate that inhibition or slowing of canonical pre-mRNA processing events shifts the steady-state output of protein-coding genes towards circular RNAs, which likely helps explain why and how circular RNAs show tissue-specific expression profiles. (bcm.edu)
  • Identifying other genes and molecules that regulate tau gene expression. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that have broad regulatory functions on gene expression. (lu.se)
  • SNPs in 6 miRNA processing genes and in 78 miRNAs which target genes known to be important in breast cancer among 906 African American (AA) and 653 European American (EA) cases and Author Manuscript controls enrolled in the Women's Circle of Health Study (WCHS). (cdc.gov)
  • We found a number of SNPs in miRNAs and processing genes in association with breast cancer overall or stratified by estrogen receptor (ER) status. (cdc.gov)
  • MiRNAs are approximately 19- to 25-nucleotide estimated about 250,000 and mortality does not appear single-stranded, noncoding RNAs that exist in both to correlate well with prevalence. (cdc.gov)
  • RNA maps reveal new RNA classes and a possible function for pervasive transcription. (nature.com)
  • When its DNA is damaged, a cell activates genes to repair the lesion and slows down the transcription of many others. (the-scientist.com)
  • Last year, Svejstrup and colleagues identified factors associated with transcription-related changes after UV-induced DNA damage, including the transcription of ASCC3 , which encodes a protein involved in regulating gene expression ( Cell Rep , 15:1597-1610, 2016). (the-scientist.com)
  • Newer CRISPR tools for manipulating transcription will help unlock noncoding RNA's many roles. (the-scientist.com)
  • Previous Cold Spring Harbor Symposia have addressed many different aspects of RNA biology such as Mechanisms of Transcription (1998), The Ribosome (2001), Epigenetics (2004) and Regulatory RNAs (2006). (cshlpress.com)
  • Abortive RNAs generated from 3,780 transcriptional units (obtained from RegulonDB) were used as query sequences within their respective transcription units to search for possible binding sites. (confex.com)
  • Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are noncoding transcripts that take part in epigenetic mechanisms by providing RNA-directed silencing, aiding recruitment of chromatin modifying complexes and in some instances, presenting enhancer-like functions to boost transcription. (duke.edu)
  • Our aim is to define the molecular bases of the interactions that are established between chromatin and the components of the nuclear envelope, and determine how they 1) regulate epigenetic state of genes and their transcription, 2) participate in spatial organization of the genome, and 3) contribute to cellular functions during mammalian development. (duke.edu)
  • Currently described online in Cell Stem Cell , the new findings demonstrate that, when silenced, the FOXP2 transcription factor, otherwise known as the speech gene, endows breast cancer cells with a number of malignant traits and properties that enable them to survive - and thrive. (newswise.com)
  • We discovered new classes of small RNAs derived from tRNA and non-coding RNAs that may be generated by RNA-directed RNA transcription in vertebrates. (stanford.edu)
  • Transcription factors bind alongside the promoter and set off the gene expression. (lu.se)
  • Based on the ceRNA hypothesis ( 15 ), the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of mRNAs in the network were performed. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • TWO-FACED: mRNA (left, red) from the ASCC3 gene is mostly in the cytoplasm, while ASCC3 's noncoding RNA (right, red) is in the cell nucleus (blue). (the-scientist.com)
  • While researchers once believed that only genes were transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), investigators have recently discovered that non-coding DNA is copied into mRNA as well. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In particular, we are interested in determining how cellular cues can alter the ratio of linear mRNA to circular RNA for a given gene. (bcm.edu)
  • Henrik Klitgaard, PhD, and Sakari Kauppinen, PhD, scientific co-founders of NEUmiRNA Therapeutics, note that the success of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines to counter the COVID-19 pandemic has fueled interest in exploring the potential of RNA-based therapies as a new modality in epilepsy with improved therapeutic properties. (medscape.com)
  • Scientists at the UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research have discovered more than 3,000 previously unknown genes in a poorly understood part of the genome. (bioquicknews.com)
  • Cross-linking immunoprecipitation (CLIP)-seq is a powerful tool for genome-wide interrogation of RNA-protein interactomes, but current CLIP methods are limited by challenging biochemical steps and fail to detect many classes of noncoding and nonhuman RNAs. (nih.gov)
  • Using the GSE2223 and GSE59612 datasets, and RNA sequencing data of GBM from The Cancer Genome Atlas, differentially expressed (DE) genes including DE messenger RNAs (DEmRNAs) and DElncRNAs between GBM and normal controls were identified. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The human genome is comprised of both non-coding DNA and coding regions, or genes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Researchers scour the genome for micropeptides encoded within RNAs presumed to function in a noncoding capacity. (the-scientist.com)
  • Comparative analysis of RNA-Seq data and the genome sequence did not provide evidence for RNA editing in C. graminicola . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sequence data of the revised genome annotation including several hundreds of novel transcripts, improved gene models and candidate genes for alternative splicing have been made accessible in a comprehensive database. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Presenting the genes of the human genome in their biological context, Guide to the Human Genome is an extensive online resource (also available in print) that provides easy access to information about human genes and their roles in specific processes. (cshlpress.com)
  • In the Yildirim lab, we study how epigenetic mechanisms, particularly those that are mediated by long noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), complement gene expression, impact genome stability and define cell fate decisions. (duke.edu)
  • We are interested in defining the molecular bases of these interactions and delineating their significance in driving gene expression and genome functions. (duke.edu)
  • Our laboratory uses primarily XCI as a model to understand how long ncRNAs 1) regulate gene dosage and maintain epigenetic state, 2) impact genome stability, and 3) participate in cell fate decisions. (duke.edu)
  • The research team performed additional experiments to detect where in the mouse genome the AAV vector delivered the corrected gene and how that related to any cancer development. (nih.gov)
  • In many mice that developed liver cancer, the AAV vector targeted a region of the mouse genome called Rian, near a gene called Mir341 that codes for a microRNA molecule. (nih.gov)
  • Most of the AAV integrations that caused liver cancer landed in a gene that is not found in the human genome, which suggests that the cancers we observed after AAV gene therapy may have been a mouse-specific phenomenon. (nih.gov)
  • With the exception of the first and last exons of genes, every other exon in the genome has splicing signals at its 5' and 3' ends and theoretically can circularize. (bcm.edu)
  • Genes (Basel);14(1)2023 Jan 03. (bvsalud.org)
  • Klitgaard and Kauppinen recently co-authored a "critical review" on RNA therapies for epilepsy published in Epilepsia online on September 13, 2023. (medscape.com)
  • The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis found 16 significant regulated pathways in imDCs and 10 significant regulated pathways in mDCs, including the phagosome, cell adhesion signaling pathway, and inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • Chromatin looping is important for gene regulation, and studies of 3D chromatin structure across species and cell types have improved our understanding of the principles governing chromatin looping. (nature.com)
  • RNA-protein interactions are central to biological regulation. (nih.gov)
  • Instead, the non-coding RNA was suspected to play a role in hGH gene regulation. (sciencedaily.com)
  • CDKN1C , or cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C, is a gene that encodes a protein implicated in cell cycle regulation. (medscape.com)
  • The 84th Cold Spring Harbor Symposium focused on RNA Control & Regulation and provided a current synthesis of the enormous progress in our understanding of RNA's influence on cells and organisms and how, when aberrant, its effects may contribute to the progression of disease. (cshlpress.com)
  • Matches with a sufficiently high standard free energy of annealing were then explored further as likely sites for abortive RNA-mediated regulation. (confex.com)
  • We will discuss one such result - the uncovering of a potentially novel abortive RNA-mediated regulation of an alcohol dehydrogenase in E. coli . (confex.com)
  • Understanding the effect of inherent common genetic variation on regulation of tau gene expression. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Long non-coding RNAs (long ncRNAs, lncRNA) are a type of RNA, generally defined as transcripts more than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • The FANTOM3 project identified ~35,000 non-coding transcripts that bear many signatures of messenger RNAs, including 5' capping, splicing, and poly-adenylation, but have little or no open reading frame (ORF). (wikipedia.org)
  • These two classes of 5′ capped and polyadenylated RNA transcripts are indistinguishable with regard to their length, number of exons or transcriptional orientation relative to their closest neighboring gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These sterile transcripts initiate from a bidirectional promoter located within a conserved intron found in all var genes that was previously implicated in var gene silencing. (cornell.edu)
  • These sterile transcripts therefore might act in a manner analogous to noncoding RNAs associated with silent, condensed chromatin found in other eukaryotic systems. (cornell.edu)
  • Based on the nucleotide sequence information of transcripts, we identified 819 novel transcriptionally active regions (nTARs) and revised 906 incorrectly predicted gene models, including revisions of exon-intron structure, gene orientation and sequencing errors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Upon inhibiting RNA polymerase II termination, circular RNA levels were similarly increased due to readthrough transcripts extending into downstream genes and being subjected to backsplicing. (bcm.edu)
  • Scientists discover a novel antibacterial molecule that targets a vital RNA regulatory element. (the-scientist.com)
  • The work here describes the identification of new regulatory noncoding RNAs in bacteria and their potential use in synthetic biology applications. (confex.com)
  • Their mutagenic potential and gene regulatory effect have shaped the evolution of transcriptional networks involved in development, pluripotency, and inflammation. (lu.se)
  • While mutations to the hGH gene often lead to abnormal growth in children and adults, these mutations have provided researchers with key clues regarding the genomic areas that appear to control expression of the hGH gene. (sciencedaily.com)
  • At the genomic level, a 14,000 base-pair separation is equal to the size of 10 growth hormone genes lined end to end. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Noncoding RNAs and microproteins, once considered genomic noise, are turning out to be critical to the progression of some types of cancer. (the-scientist.com)
  • An annotated genomic sequence of the corn anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola has been published previously, but correct identification of gene models by means of automated gene annotation remains a challenge. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also discuss the potential application of using such functional abortive RNAs in a design-based approach to regulating gene expression in synthetic systems. (confex.com)
  • Depending on their localization, they are found to play important roles in regulating gene expression and the malaria parasite's life cycle progression. (news-medical.net)
  • The article is titled "Long Non-Coding RNA Profiling of Human Lymphoid Progenitor Cells Reveals Transcriptional Divergence of B Cell and T Cell Lineages. (bioquicknews.com)
  • It has been suggested through multiple studies that testis, and neural tissues express the greatest amount of long non-coding RNAs of any tissue type. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anindya Dutta, M.D., Ph.D., and colleagues now have detailed the first structure-function study of this long non-coding RNA. (uab.edu)
  • Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a type of RNA that contains over 200 nucleotides and that does not encode protein ( 5 , 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Is the Subject Area "Long non-coding RNA" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
  • Long noncoding RNA NALT1-induced gastric cancer invasion and metastasis via NOTCH signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
  • A long noncoding RNA from humans appeared to help the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase work better in a mouse model of phenylketonuria, the disorder characterized by reduced activity of that enzyme. (the-scientist.com)
  • This female specific dosage compensation mechanism depends on expression of Xist long ncRNA, which coats and transcriptionally silences future inactive X (Xi) balancing X-linked gene expression between XX females and XY males (Fig 1). (duke.edu)
  • Our laboratory has long been interested in the development of gene transfer vectors for gene therapy as well as manipulating non-coding RNAs for therapeutic purposes. (stanford.edu)
  • Long non-coding RNA LINC00926 regulates WNT10B signaling pathway thereby altering inflammatory gene expression in PTSD. (nih.gov)
  • In various organisms, components of the nuclear envelope interact with chromatin that is spatially organized within the nucleus (Fig 2) and subsequently regulate gene expression. (duke.edu)
  • Scientists are keen to understand the mechanisms that regulate gene expression through the different stages of P. falciparum 's lifecycle because such knowledge can help in the discovery of novel antimalarial therapies. (news-medical.net)
  • Although more and animals and plants and regulate gene/protein expression more progressions have been made about the through direct complementarity between their 5' region pathogenesis of asthma in recent years, the increasing and the 3' untranslated region of target mRNAs. (cdc.gov)
  • While genetic changes can alter which protein is made, epigenetic changes affect gene expression to turn genes "on" and "off. (cdc.gov)
  • Since your environment and behaviors, such as diet and exercise, can result in epigenetic changes, it is easy to see the connection between your genes and your behaviors and environment. (cdc.gov)
  • Epigenetic changes affect gene expression in different ways. (cdc.gov)
  • BWS is caused by genetic or epigenetic changes that disrupt the parent-of-origin specific expression of these genes. (medscape.com)
  • The gene expression varies between different types of cell and when these epigenetic changes are inherited by daughter cells through cell division in the womb, different tissues and organs are built. (lu.se)
  • Because epigenetic changes are essentially reversible - unlike genetic changes - the starting point for the search for drugs is that epigenetically inactivated genes can be reactivated (and vice versa) if only the right molecule is added. (lu.se)
  • This study performs a literature review of miRNA, focusing on aspects related to biogenesis, mechanisms of action and potential role of these small RNAs in oral carcinogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • These results show that FAST-iCLIP can be used to rapidly discover and decipher mechanisms of RNA-protein recognition across the diversity of human and pathogen RNAs. (nih.gov)
  • We successfully employed deep sequencing RNA-Seq data in combination with an elaborate bioinformatics strategy in order to identify novel genes, incorrect gene models and mechanisms of transcript processing in the corn anthracnose fungus C. graminicola . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Large-scale genomics and transcriptomics approaches have been proven to enable the identification of pathogenicity genes in fungi affecting humans or plants [ 8 ], which makes them valuable tools towards a better understanding of fungal infection mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By revealing the fundamental mechanisms by which circular RNAs are generated, we have developed plasmid and viral-based methods for ectopically expressing circular RNAs. (bcm.edu)
  • The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway is a critical defender to sense various pathogens and trigger innate immunity of mammalian cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes pathway analysis of DEmRNAs in the DElncRNA‑miRNA‑DEmRNA network was performed. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • With numerous illustrations and tables, each of the nearly 300 sections of the Guide describes genes involved in a specific pathway, process, or structure from the molecular and cellular levels to developmental and physiological processes. (cshlpress.com)
  • Taken together, our data suggest that UASR1 plays an oncogenic role in breast cancer cells through activation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, being a novel RNA oncogene. (jcancer.org)
  • These data reveal another layer of gene expression control at the post-transcriptional level. (nature.com)
  • The Guide will be useful to researchers looking to connect sequence data with functional information, and can be used in parallel with traditional texts in undergraduate and graduate courses to provide a genomics dimension and experience of identifying genes underpinning processes of interest. (cshlpress.com)
  • Based on the competing endogenous RNA hypothesis, DElncRNA‑micro RNA (miRNA)‑DEmRNA interactions were obtained by target gene prediction. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Thus, the function of miRNA may ultimately depend on the specific microenvironment of a particular cell type, which can provide different repertoire of target genes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Further, analysis by RNA chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) indicates that the noncoding RNAs are physically associated with chromatin. (cornell.edu)
  • Recently, several aspects of the chromatin structure surrounding var genes have been described, in particular the histone modifications associated with the active and silent states of the genes as well as their subnuclear localization. (cornell.edu)
  • RNA-Seq offers the potential for substantially improved gene annotations and for the identification of posttranscriptional RNA modifications, such as alternative splicing and RNA editing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most mature circular RNAs accumulate in the cytoplasm, and we revealed the first insights into how their nuclear export is controlled in a length-dependent manner. (bcm.edu)
  • Both developmental brain gene expression data and transcript sequence were found to contain relevant information for ASD risk gene prediction. (figshare.com)
  • During the pre-training phase of model construction, an autoencoder network was implemented for a representation learning of the gene expression data, and a random-forest-based feature selection was applied to the transcript-sequence-derived k-mers. (figshare.com)
  • Transcript diversity and allele-specific expression of the PSP-associated MOBP gene. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • 956 958 transcript variants of a non-coding RNA gene (located within a gene that does not code for a protein). (lu.se)
  • How do parental life experiences impact offspring phenotypes without affecting their gene sequences? (umassmed.edu)
  • Moreover, 5′- and 3′-UTR sequences of 4378 genes have been retrieved and alternatively spliced variants of 69 genes have been identified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It may act as a competing endogenous RNA and influence tumorigenesis of GBM. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • GXD's primary emphasis is on endogenous gene expression during development. (jax.org)
  • Using a transgenic mouse model to specifically direct expression of reprogramming genes to parenchymal astrocytes residing in the striatum, we were recently able to show that endogenous mouse astrocytes can be directly converted into neurons in situ. (lu.se)
  • BWS is a pediatric cancer predisposition disorder caused by changes in the imprinted gene loci on chromosome 11p15. (medscape.com)
  • Future experimental validation of this and other loci may reveal the pervasive physiological role of this new class of noncoding RNAs in E. coli . (confex.com)
  • Here, the significance of several non-coding RNA types in leukemia is highlighted, and their potential roles as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets are covered. (bvsalud.org)
  • Researchers used the UCLA Broad Stem Cell Research Center's state-of-the-art cell isolation and genetic sequencing technologies, and sophisticated bioinformatics to identify the elusive lncRNA genes. (bioquicknews.com)
  • In a Novartis-sponsored study in the New England Journal of Medicine, researchers found that a CRISPR-Cas9-based treatment targeting promoters of genes encoding fetal hemoglobin could reduce disease symptoms. (genomeweb.com)
  • Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. (nih.gov)
  • Produced during futile attempts by the RNA polymerases to clear the promoter region and transition to transcriptional elongation phase, the synthesis of such "abortive" RNAs have been known for decades in all kingdoms of life. (confex.com)
  • However, until the recent identification of abortive RNA in the bacteriophage T7 with transcriptional antitermination function, they had been considered only as "junk" RNAs. (confex.com)
  • Using gene transfer vectors, we studied the potential of using transcriptional-based RNAi to treat human disease. (stanford.edu)
  • FAST-iCLIP of Poly-C binding protein 2 (PCBP2) showed that PCBP2-bound CU-rich motifs in different topologies to recognize mRNAs and noncoding RNAs with distinct biological functions. (nih.gov)
  • Epigenetics is the study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work. (cdc.gov)
  • Gene expression" refers to the process by which a DNA sequence (i.e. a gene) is used to make a specific RNA or protein, while "epigenetics" refers to the ways phenotypes are impacted by factors other than genetic sequence (e.g. gene repression by chromatin packing). (umassmed.edu)
  • Research into Gene Expression & Epigenetics aims to understand how our genes and the way they are regulated influence who we are. (umassmed.edu)
  • What is the impact of our research in Gene Expression & Epigenetics? (umassmed.edu)
  • Who's studying Genes Expression & Epigenetics? (umassmed.edu)
  • Today we use epigenetics to mean changes to gene expression that are not caused by changes in the actual DNA sequence. (lu.se)
  • 470 473 sequence variants located within a half kb of the end of a gene. (lu.se)
  • Here we present FAST-iCLIP, an integrated pipeline with improved CLIP biochemistry and an automated informatic pipeline for comprehensive analysis across protein coding, noncoding, repetitive, retroviral, and nonhuman transcriptomes. (nih.gov)
  • This test detects the gene PCA3 in your urine and can also help your doctor better assess your prostate cancer risk. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • If the gene is "overexpressed" (meaning there are too many copies of it), then there's a greater chance you have prostate cancer. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • After brief detours into bladder cancer and cytokines in Alzheimer's disease, Rohan joined the Reta Lila Weston Institute under Professor Andrew Lees continued molecular genetics studies of neurodegeneration with focus on the tau gene and protein. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Many noncoding RNAs have been linked to cancer and neurological disorders. (news-medical.net)
  • National Institutes of Health researchers have uncovered a key factor in understanding the elevated cancer risk associated with gene therapy. (nih.gov)
  • When the AAV was inserted near Mir341, the vector caused elevated expression of the gene, which the researchers believe contributed to the occurrence of liver cancer in the mice. (nih.gov)
  • When the researchers used an alternate AAV vector to deliver the corrected gene in a study of just 10 mice, that vector did not insert where it would elevate the expression of nearby genes and it did not cause liver cancer. (nih.gov)
  • They conducted research on mice with a rare disease similar to one in humans, hoping their findings may eventually help improve gene therapy for humans. (nih.gov)
  • We propose that this is because cross-exon interactions are not easily replaced with cross-intron interactions, thereby causing spliceosomes to preferentially assemble across an exon and generate a circular RNA. (bcm.edu)
  • These variable loops contribute significantly to corresponding gene expression variability across cells and species, possibly by refining sub-TAD-scale loop contacts responsible for cell-type-specific enhancer-promoter interactions. (nature.com)
  • The Massi lab uses their expertise in NMR Spectroscopy to understand the dynamics of protein-RNA interactions. (umassmed.edu)
  • An RNA thought to be noncoding in fact encodes a small protein that regulates calcium uptake in muscle. (the-scientist.com)
  • The corrected gene delivered by AAV is the most effective therapy we have developed so far to treat MMA," said Charles Venditti, M.D., Ph.D., senior author and investigator in NHGRI's Genetic and Molecular Biology Branch. (nih.gov)
  • Effective and safe gene therapies have the potential to dramatically reverse diseases that are life-threatening for affected children. (nih.gov)
  • Effective and safe gene therapies have the potential to dramatically reverse diseases that are life-threatening for affected children," said NHGRI Scientific Director Dan Kastner, M.D., Ph.D. "This study is an important step in developing gene therapies that can be safely used to benefit patients. (nih.gov)
  • doi: 10.1261/rna.047803.114. (nih.gov)
  • Work in our department has developed a rapid evolution computational protocol whereby the fitness of thousands of mutations of any given gene can be assessed simultaneously. (umassmed.edu)
  • Defects in the tau due to tau gene mutations directly lead to neurodegeneration in the frontotemporal dementias. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Cartilage-hair hypoplasia is caused by mutations in the RMRP gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in the RMRP gene likely result in the production of a noncoding RNA that is unstable. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although mechanistically simple, this step occurs in a highly selective manner, as the sequence of the repeats can drastically alter the efficiency of circular RNA production. (bcm.edu)
  • Almost any sequence can now be efficiently circularized in eukaryotic cells, which has enabled us (and others) to begin to ask how circular RNAs function. (bcm.edu)
  • Even if the DNA sequence - the set of genes - is the same in all cells, only certain genes are expressed, i.e. only information from certain genes is copied (transcribed) and used to build protein structures or regulate processes. (lu.se)
  • Gene expression is the process of several steps through which the information in a gene's DNA sequence is transferred to the structures and functions of a cell. (lu.se)
  • In front of every gene is a DNA sequence called a promoter. (lu.se)
  • Backsplicing produces circular RNAs From Wilusz and Sharp (2013) Science 340: 440-441. (bcm.edu)