• Nitrate, ammonium, and free amino acids content decreased with increased ketoprofen. (bvsalud.org)
  • A total of 74 genes were induced in cells grown with nitrate as N-source compared with ammonium, including nasTSABGHC and ntrBC genes. (uea.ac.uk)
  • The nasTS and nasABGHC transcripts were detected at similar levels with nitrate or glutamate as N-source, but nasABGHC transcript was undetectable in ammonium-grown cells. (uea.ac.uk)
  • The nitrite reductase NasG subunit was detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in cytoplasmic fractions from nitrate-grown cells, but it was not observed when either ammonium or glutamate was used as the N-source. (uea.ac.uk)
  • On the contrary, the nasS mutant showed similar levels of the nasABGHC transcript to the wild-type strain and displayed NasG protein and NADH-nitrate reductase activity with all N-sources tested, except with ammonium. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Effect of ammonium or nitrate nutrition on net photosynthesis, growth, and activity of enzymes nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase in blueberry, raspberry and strawberry. (org.in)
  • Involvement of ammonium metabolism in the nitrate inhibition of nitrogen fixation in Anabaena sp. (paperbase.net)
  • This reduction constitutes the first step in the assimilation of nitrate before obtaining the ammonium which is incorporated into Glutamate through GS/GOGAT pathway in chloroplast. (hindawi.com)
  • An enzyme found primarily in BACTERIA and FUNGI that catalyzes the oxidation of ammonium hydroxide to nitrite. (lookformedical.com)
  • Paracoccus denitrificans reduces nitrite to nitrogen gas while Nitrosomonas europaea oxidizes ammonia to nitrite, thus fueling the former metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • When differentiated human THP-1 cells were infected with MAP, the expression of various genes associated with stress responses and metabolism was altered in both host and MAP at 3 h post-infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Notably, alterations in gene sets involved in arginine metabolism were observed in both the host and MAP, along with significant downregulation of NOS2 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2004. Effects of nitrate nutrition on nitrogen metabolism in cassava. (org.in)
  • A combination of metabolic modeling, with physiological and transcriptomic data provided insights into autotrophic metabolism as well as aided the characterization of a nitrate reduction pathway in C. ljungdahlii . (biomedcentral.com)
  • In living organisms, is also known as nitrogen metabolism. (biokaryon.com)
  • We report here direct evidence that three of these seven proteins, plus a more specific regulator, cooperate to control an operon critical to nitrogen metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nitrogen metabolism in plants in the post-genomic era (Annual Plant Reviews Volume 42) Blackwell Publishing Oxford. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
  • Transcript analysis further suggested a role of EtrA in prophage activation and down-regulation of genes implicated in aerobic metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • this study demonstrates that EtrA acts as a global transcriptional regulator and, in conjunction with other regulators, fine-tunes the expression of genes involved in anaerobic metabolism in S. oneidensis strain MR-1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcriptomic and sequence analyses of the genes differentially expressed showed that those mostly affected by the mutation belonged to the "Energy metabolism" category, while stress-related genes were indirectly regulated in the mutant possibly as a result of a secondary perturbation (e.g. oxidative stress, starvation). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In metabolism , NAD + is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. (wikidoc.org)
  • Due to the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD + metabolism are targets for drug discovery . (wikidoc.org)
  • The potential for microbially-driven nitrogen and sulphur cycling was reduced, as was amino acid metabolism. (news-oceanacidification-icc.org)
  • The involved biomedical functions are known as Ingestion, nitrate assimilation, Hypoxia, Regulation and Exhalation. (cmdm.tw)
  • The existence of a regulation mechanism for nitrate assimilation in P. denitrificans, by which nitrate induction operates at both transcriptional and translational levels, is proposed. (uea.ac.uk)
  • 1966. The regulation of activity of enzymes involved in the assimilation of nitrate by higher plants. (org.in)
  • Under ABA treatment, the NR proteins are degraded via a 26S-proteasome dependent manner, while the transcriptional regulation is the main manner to rapidly reduce the NIA1 levels under nitrogen deficiency and NaCl stress conditions. (sdlifesciences.com)
  • RNA sequencing revealed that the pathways involved in intracellular calcium regulation were significantly upregulated in MUC20v2-overexpressing GC cells. (sdlifesciences.com)
  • Name the genes required for function and regulation of nitrogenase in aerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria. (biokaryon.com)
  • Taken with each other, these effects sug gest that while the network structure had a predominant part about the metabolic flux distribution, gene expression alterations contributed to flux regulation and had a major effect on metabolite concentration alterations. (tcr-signal.com)
  • Nitrate reductase (NR), Glutamine synthatase (GS), Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and Aspartate aminotransaminase (AspAT) were assayed in flag leaves and roots of four pearl millet genotypes, started from ear emergence till grain maturity at four days intervals. (org.in)
  • Physiological adaptations of glutamate dehydrogenase isozyme activities and other nitrogen-assimilating enzymes in the macro- alga Bryopsis maxima. (org.in)
  • An analysis of the genome and its transcriptome revealed enzymes with biotechnological potential, such as two extracellular tannases (Atan1p and Atan2p) of the tannic-acid catabolic route, and a new pathway for the assimilation of n-butanol via butyric aldehyde and butyric acid. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many studies have shown that the establishment of the SAR involved the SA-dependent pathway. (bestpfe.com)
  • Through the IPA of important gene expression alterations, cooperative game theory examination, chromosomal aberrations and micro RNA impacted genes, quite possibly the most sizeable pathogenic pathway was VEGF and hypoxia inducible factor one alpha signaling. (tcr-signal.com)
  • The pathway evaluation of index genes al means uncovered the exact same canonical pathways as substantial gene lists and supplemented these with several new members. (tcr-signal.com)
  • In addition, an increased expression of genes encoding some PR proteins is observed in the SAR, contributing to the maintenance of the state of plant resistance (Durrant and Dong, 2004). (bestpfe.com)
  • We show that coral tissue extracts stimulated differential expression of genes putatively involved in symbiosis establishment via the modulation of the host immune response by E. marisrubri 6c, such as genes for flagellar assembly, ankyrins, ephrins, and serpins. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • The nasT mutant lacked both nasABGHC transcript and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-dependent nitrate reductase activity. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Nitrate reductase activity and nitrate content under two forms and three levels of nitrogen nutrition in Lolium perenne L. Journal of Plant Physiology, 132: 28-33. (org.in)
  • 1972. Inheritance of nitrate reductase activity, grain protein and straw protein in a hard red winter wheat cross. (org.in)
  • Downstream genes involved in type VII secretion systems, cell wall synthesis (polyketide biosynthesis proteins), and iron uptake were changed in response to the intracellular environment of macrophages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Relationship of nitrogen use efficiency with the activities of enzymes involved in nitrogen uptake and assimilation of finger millet genotypes grown under different nitrogen inputs. (org.in)
  • Nitrogen cycle includes the process of uptake of nitrogen from the environment, its usage by various plants, and returning it back to the environment. (biokaryon.com)
  • To probe if model predictions were in line with this premise, we predicted the biomass level as a function of the WOA uptake charge in treated cultures with and devoid of gene expression alterations. (tcr-signal.com)
  • Furthermore, hypothesizing that the transcriptional response was graded dependant upon the anxiety intensity, we tested if, at greater selelck kinase inhibitor WOA uptake charges, amplified gene expression modifications would result in higher biomass growth compared to the measured gene expression alterations. (tcr-signal.com)
  • The two homologous genes, NIA1 and NIA2 , encode nitrate reductases in Arabidopsis , which govern the reduction of nitrate to nitrite. (sdlifesciences.com)
  • Oxidoreductases that are specific for the reduction of NITRATES. (lookformedical.com)
  • Nitrate reduction process generally mediated by anaerobic bacteria by which nitrogen available to plants is converted to a gaseous form and lost from the soil or water column. (lookformedical.com)
  • however, limited anaerobic growth and nitrate reduction occurred, suggesting that multiple regulators control nitrate reduction in this strain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and fumarate reductase gene expression was down-regulated at least 2-fold in the mutant, which, showed lower or no reduction of these electron acceptors when compared to the wild type, suggesting both respiratory pathways are under EtrA control. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Accordingly, the goal of this study was to investigate the effects of ketoprofen on ATP synthesis and N assimilation in rice roots. (bvsalud.org)
  • Principal component analysis revealed that ketoprofen treatment can significantly affect energy synthesis and nitrogen assimilation in rice roots, while these effects can be alleviated by the antioxidant response. (bvsalud.org)
  • 1967. The role of carbon dioxide, light and nitrate in the synthesis and degradation of nitrate reductase in lines of Perilla fructescens. (org.in)
  • Name the genes involved in the synthesis of nitrogenase. (biokaryon.com)
  • Antibiosis, which is defined by detrimental interactions between at least two species, usually involves the synthesis of antimicrobial molecules that inhibit growth or kill other bacterial species [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We use genomics, enzymology and metabolomics-based technologies to determine the roles for specific genes, enzymes and metabolites in different conditions such as (1) bioplastic-precursor synthesis from waste carbon sources, (2) degradation of recalcitrant plastics in the environment, and (3) the ecology of the interactions between microplastics and Harmful Algal Blooms. (wisc.edu)
  • Protein components of different pathways for carbon and nitrogen source utilization were identified, which so far has remained unexplored in yeast, offering clues for further biotechnological developments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This step is the rate-limiting step of the nitrate assimilation and utilization. (sdlifesciences.com)
  • This genome-scale model (iHN637) consisting of 637 genes, 785 reactions, and 698 metabolites captures all the major central metabolic and biosynthetic pathways, in particular pathways involved in carbon fixation and energy conservation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Current genome annotations do not account for the multiplicity of functions one gene may perform nor do they include atypical metabolic pathways. (wisc.edu)
  • Effects of dietary inorganic nitrate on static and dynamic breath-holding in humans. (cmdm.tw)
  • The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. (lookformedical.com)
  • Furthermore, genome analysis of this strain suggested the presence of gene clusters involved in iron acquisition ( fhuABD , afuABC , fbpABC , and fepCDG ) and phosphate solubilization ( pstABCHS , phoABHLU , and phnCDEP ) and other phytohormone biosynthesis genes, including indole-3-acetic acid ( trpABCDEFG ), in the genome. (springeropen.com)
  • In the present study, we investigated whether Aurantimicrobium minutum KNC T , which is widely distributed in terrestrial environments and lacks any previously identified retinal biosynthesis genes, possesses functional rhodopsin. (go.jp)
  • These results suggest that rhodopsin-possessing prokaryotes lacking known retinal biosynthesis genes also have functional rhodopsins. (go.jp)
  • Its unusual metabolic flexibility allows it to use a wide range of carbon and nitrogen sources, while being thermotolerant, xerotolerant and osmotolerant. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Odor emission was mainly resulting from the high moisture content, the low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio of DSS and raw feedstock and low air-filled porosity along with the poor permeability (Doloman et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • Carbon and nitrogen sources as well as iron are essential nutrients, which are often limited in the host. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent studies on reef-building corals have shown that labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) enrichment or heat stress increases diazotroph abundance and activity, thereby increasing nitrogen availability and destabilizing the coral-algal symbiosis. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • From the hydride electron pair, one electron is transferred to the positively-charged nitrogen of the nicotinamide ring of NAD + , and the second hydrogen atom transferred to the carbon atom opposite this nitrogen. (wikidoc.org)
  • Nitrogen fixation is always an anaerobic process. (biokaryon.com)
  • Inside the nodule, environment is anaerobic, which is the compulsory requirement for nitrogen fixation. (biokaryon.com)
  • A gene expression study in E. coli K12 indicated that one-third of its 4,290 genes were differentially expressed during aerobic versus anaerobic growth [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • His early research was on anaerobic treatment processes, biological processes for nitrogen removal and water reuse. (stanford.edu)
  • However, there have been relatively few studies on the association of ketoprofen with nitrogen (N) assimilation and metabolic responses in plants. (bvsalud.org)
  • Analysis of the iHN637 metabolic model revealed that flavin based electron bifurcation played a key role in energy conservation during autotrophic growth and helped identify genes for some of the critical steps in this mechanism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The COBRA approach relies on a genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction, which enumerates the metabolic transformations and the genes encoding them in a mathematical format. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Taken together, transcriptomic data indicate that early responses between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus involve competition for resources and metabolic adaptations, rather than the expression of bacteria- or host-directed virulence factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The denitrifying property of Paracoccus denitrificans has been used in creating a bioreactor, in this case, a tubular gel containing two bacteria, for the removal of nitrogen from wastewater. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent research carried out on extremophiles in Japan involved a variety of bacteria including Paracoccus denitrificans being subject to conditions of extreme gravity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nod genes are activated in bacteria as a result of attachment and chemicals. (biokaryon.com)
  • Global responses in both bacteria included competition for nitrogen sources, amino acids and increased tRNA levels. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Their excision and integration at tRNA genes appear to drive the remodeling of genomic islands\textemdashkey reservoirs for flexible genes in bacteria. (bigelow.org)
  • Effects of oral sodium nitrate on forearm blood flow, oxygenation and exercise performance during acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (4300 m). (cmdm.tw)
  • Sodium tungstate was used in this study to implement nitrogen stress by inhibiting nitrate reductase (NR) in Dunaliella tertiolecta . (hindawi.com)
  • Protein families PR-1 and PR-5 (thaumatin-like protein) seem to act against oomycetes and the family of PR-10 (ribonuclease-like protein) is involved in the defense against viruses. (bestpfe.com)
  • By this technique, we have recognized 240 prevalent considerable gene expression adjustments in at least two gene lists, and among these 9 had been popular in all four comparisons, such as, phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase, ret proto oncogene, Src homology 2 do key containing transforming protein one. (tcr-signal.com)
  • Paracoccus denitrificans, is a coccoid bacterium known for its nitrate reducing properties, its ability to replicate under conditions of hypergravity and for being a relative of the eukaryotic mitochondrion (endosymbiotic theory). (wikipedia.org)
  • Transcriptional adaptation to nitrate-dependent anabolism by Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222 was studied. (uea.ac.uk)
  • NR inhibition as a tool of nitrogen starvation in microalgae has not been widely investigated. (hindawi.com)
  • Nitrogen stress, by NR inhibition or other technique, led to accumulation of lipid in microalgae cells but at the same time it severely reduces growth rate. (hindawi.com)
  • In a gene replacement study, etrA of strain MR-1 restored wild type physiology of an E. coli fnr deletion mutant [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Polymicrobial infections involve both detrimental and beneficial interactions between different bacterial species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At least 64% of Omnitrophota genomes encode gene clusters typical of bacterial symbionts, suggesting host-associated lifestyles. (bigelow.org)
  • 2018 ). That signified long start-up time of sludge composting or the lag phase with low OM degradation efficiency, often relating with the nitrogen and sulfur loss and odor emission (Becarelli et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • Nutritional stress like nitrogen deprivation, phosphorus starvation, and iron supplementation can enhance the lipid content in many microalgae species [ 8 - 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on symptoms of acute mountain sickness and basic physiological responses in a group of male adolescents during ascent to Mount Everest Base Camp. (cmdm.tw)
  • The expressions of OSA9, a family III H+-ATPase gene, and OSA6 and OSA10, family IV genes, were upregulated, indicating a response of the roots to ketoprofen. (bvsalud.org)
  • The almost stable GDH activity and decreasing trend in NR, GS and AspAT suggested that re-assimilation of amino nitrogen takes place in flag leaf instead of direct assimilation from the roots for nitrogen deposition in pearl millet developing grains. (org.in)
  • The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (lookformedical.com)
  • The compost process involved complex physic-chemical interactions between the organic matter (OM) and decomposer. (researchsquare.com)
  • However, recent genomic and metagenomic surveys showed that some rhodopsin-possessing prokaryotes lack the known genes for retinal biosynthesis. (go.jp)
  • The biological agents which fix nitrogen are all prokaryotes. (biokaryon.com)
  • Symbiotic nitrogen fixers- these live in symbiotic association with plant, and constitute aerobic prokaryotes. (biokaryon.com)
  • Our results suggest that the priming of Endozoicomonas for a symbiotic lifestyle involves the modulation of host immunity and the exchange of essential metabolites with other holobiont members. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • [2] Such reactions (summarized in formula below) involve the removal of two hydrogen atoms from the reactant (R), in the form of a hydride ion , and a proton (H + ). The proton is released into solution, while the reductant RH 2 is oxidized and NAD + reduced to NADH by transfer of the hydride. (wikidoc.org)
  • We investigated diazotroph abundance (via relative quantification of nifH gene copy numbers) in two symbiotic octocorals, the more mixotrophic soft coral Xenia umbellata and the more autotrophic gorgonian Pinnigorgia flava, under (i) labile DOC enrichment for 21 days, followed by (ii) combined labile DOC enrichment and heat stress for 24 days. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • Ultimately, the disruption of nitrogen cycling may further compromise octocoral fitness by destabilizing symbiotic nutrient cycling. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • In contrast to Escherichia coli , the regulatory systems that control transcription of genes responsible for different respiratory processes are poorly understood in environmentally relevant Shewanella spp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Through the comparison of those seven gene lists, we've got identified 162 genes which were widespread in no less than two gene lists, as an example, CHGB, neural cell adhesion molecule 1, pla cental development factor, PNMT, vascular endothelial development factor. (tcr-signal.com)
  • The Effect of a Dietary Nitrate Supplementation in the Form of a Single Shot of Beetroot Juice on Static and Dynamic Apnea Performance. (cmdm.tw)
  • The effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on the spatial heterogeneity of quadriceps deoxygenation during heavy-intensity cycling. (cmdm.tw)
  • Effect of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Swimming Performance in Trained Swimmers. (cmdm.tw)
  • Several large species-specific families appear to result from multiple rounds of segmental duplications of tandem gene arrays, a novel mechanism not yet described in yeasts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since rhodopsin apoproteins cannot absorb light energy, rhodopsins produced by prokaryotic strains lacking genes for retinal biosynthesis are hypothesized to be non-functional in cells. (go.jp)
  • We achieve this by investigating 1) Organismal response to perturbations in its environment, 2) Gene and metabolite function in situ, 3) Environmental applications of novel microbial chemistries. (wisc.edu)
  • Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry models (EEST) are often used to evaluate microbial nutrient use efficiency, but the validity of these models under exogenous nitrogen (N) input has never been clarified. (univie.ac.at)
  • Horizontal gene transfer accelerates microbial evolution. (bigelow.org)
  • A group of enzymes that oxidize diverse nitrogenous substances to yield nitrite. (lookformedical.com)
  • The nasABGHC genes constituted a transcriptional unit, which is preceded by a non-coding region containing hairpin structures involved in transcription termination. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Impact of gene expression modifications on WOA tolerance We also employed the constructed versions to investigate the purpose with the transcriptional response around the tolerance of S. cerevisiae to WOA treatment. (tcr-signal.com)
  • The IPA of major gene expression alterations, cooperative game concept ana lysis, chromosomal alterations and microRNA impacted genes exposed the axonal advice since the most significant path way while in the pathogenesis of unfavorable NB. (tcr-signal.com)
  • To generate a far more reliable dataset of significant expression alterations, we supplemented these gene lists by using a even further one particular, located by literature search. (tcr-signal.com)
  • The ntrBC and ntrYX genes were expressed at low levels regardless of the nitrogen source supporting growth. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Mutational analysis of the ntrBCYX genes indicated that while ntrBC genes are required for nitrate assimilation, ntrYX genes can only partially restore growth on nitrate in the absence of ntrBC genes. (uea.ac.uk)
  • MAP upregulates stress-responsive global gene regulators, such as two-component systems and sigma factors, in response to oxidative and cell wall stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Of the seven most-global regulators, together affecting expression of about half of all E. coli genes, two were previously shown to exert direct, positive control on gltBDF transcription: Lrp and IHF. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When N 2 O was injected as the only nitrogen source, this bacterium did not assimilate N 2 O. A polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that this bacterium did not have the typical nosZ gene. (go.jp)
  • To infer the regulons operated by transcription factors (TFs), we combined the identification of TF binding sites and cross-genome comparison of regulons with the analysis of the genomic and functional context of candidate target genes. (lbl.gov)