Neurons spinal cord lumbosacral region. Medical search. Frequent questions

Traversal of F-waves along the entire length of peripheral nerves between the spinal cord and muscle, allows for assessment of motor nerve conduction between distal stimulation sites in the arm and leg, and related motoneurons (MN's) in the cervical and lumbosacral cord. (wikipedia.org)
MUS was performed on 19 muscle groups in cervical, lumbosacral, bulbar, and thoracic regions for each patient. (biomedcentral.com)
The term "cerebral palsy" combines a group of syndromes resulting from underdevelopment or brain damage (often combined with spinal cord injury in the cervical spine) during the prenatal, intranatal and early postnatal periods. (doctorbersenev.ua)
Of the 33 vertebrae, 7 are in the cervical region, 12 in the thoracic region, 5 in the lumbar region, 5 in the sacral region and 4 in the coccygeal region. (aliciavance.com)
Longitudinal cavities in the spinal cord , most often in the cervical region, which may extend for multiple spinal levels. (lookformedical.com)
Type II is the most common, and features compression of the medulla and cerebellar tonsils into the upper cervical spinal canal and an associated MENINGOMYELOCELE . (lookformedical.com)
The trigeminocervical nucleus is a region of the upper cervical spinal cord where sensory nerve fibers in the descending tract of the trigeminal nerve converge with sensory fibers from the upper cervical roots. (theamericanchiropractor.com)
Also, the spinal cord has a varying width, ranging from 1/2 inch thick in the cervical and lumbar regions to 1/4 inch thick in the thoracic area. (yousre-elhemyly.com)
It is about 45 cm (18 in) long in men and around 43 cm (17 in) in women, ovoid-shaped, and is enlarged in the cervical and lumbar regions. (yousre-elhemyly.com)
The cervical enlargement, located from C3 to T2 spinal segments, is where sensory input comes from and motor output goes to the arms. (yousre-elhemyly.com)

Motor neurons of the urethral rhabdosphincter are in the nucleus of Onufrowicz (Onuf) in the sacral ventral horns. (medscape.com)
Moreover, stimulation of peripheral nerve fibers account for both orthodromic impulses (along sensory fibers, towards the dorsal horn), as well as antidromic activity (along alpha motor neurons towards the ventral horn). (wikipedia.org)
The anterior (ventral) horns of the "H" contain lower motor neurons, which receive impulses from the motor cortex via the descending corticospinal tracts and, at the local level, from internuncial neurons and afferent fibers from muscle spindles. (msdmanuals.com)
The gray matter also contains many internuncial neurons that carry motor, sensory, or reflex impulses from dorsal to ventral nerve roots, from one side of the cord to the other, or from one level of the cord to another. (msdmanuals.com)
The dorsal root of a spinal nerve is the site for __________ neurons, whereas the ventral root is the site of __________ neurons. (brainscape.com)
Remove all muscle and connective tissue overlying the ventral surface of the vertebrae with the rongeurs and identify the vertebral region over the lumbo-sacral enlargement, which lies approximately beneath the T12-L2 vertebral bodies. (jove.com)
Using curved spring scissors, cut through the vertebral pedicles bilaterally while lifting and pulling the vertebral body rostrally to separate the ventral and dorsal aspects of the vertebrae and expose the spinal cord. (jove.com)
Neuronal survival, axonal regeneration, and ultrastructural changes at ventral spinal cord were also investigated. (hindawi.com)
They zoned in on the 20,990 neuronal nuclei in the dataset and found 36 subclusters of neurons that clearly segregated into specific types of neurons, notably ventral and dorsal (Figure 1). (10xgenomics.com)
The cord is stabilized within the dura mater by the connecting denticulate ligaments , which extend from the enveloping pia mater laterally between the dorsal and ventral roots. (yousre-elhemyly.com)
The cord has grooves in the dorsal and ventral sides. (yousre-elhemyly.com)

The peripheral nervous system refers to parts of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord. (medscape.com)
Your PNS works to connect the rest of your body with your CNS, which is made up of your brain and spinal cord. (healthline.com)
Because nerve fibers in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) rarely regenerate, such damage is irreversible. (aliciavance.com)
The brain and spinal cord together make up the central nervous system (CNS). (yousre-elhemyly.com)

Reticulospinal tract fibers were stimulated within the brainstem or in the lateral funiculus of the thoracic spinal cord contralateral to the motoneurons. (jneurosci.org)
Acute Transverse Myelitis Acute transverse myelitis is acute inflammation of gray and white matter in one or more adjacent spinal cord segments, usually thoracic. (msdmanuals.com)
The forward bending of the thoracic region usually is more than 40 degrees. (lookformedical.com)
VERTEBRAE in the region of the lower BACK below the THORACIC VERTEBRAE and above the SACRAL VERTEBRAE. (lookformedical.com)
A type of juvenile osteochondrosis affecting the fibrocartilaginous disc ( INTERVERTEBRAL DISC ) in the thoracic or thoracolumbar region of the SPINE . (lookformedical.com)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive weakness and muscle atrophy related to the loss of upper and lower motor neurons (MNs) without a curative treatment. (frontiersin.org)
The axons of the lower motor neurons are the efferent fibers of the spinal nerves. (msdmanuals.com)
Electromyography tests the integrity of the entire motor system, which consists of upper and lower motor neurons, the neuromuscular junction and muscle. (spectrumtesting.net)

Upper and lower limb innervation is greatly affected by brachial and lumbosacral plexus lesion, leading to loss of motor and sensory function [ 1 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Although anatomical repair of spinal roots and other lesioned plexus components constitute the primary approach, additional strategies are necessary to enhance neuroprotection and to improve the regenerative response of severed neurons. (hindawi.com)
The sciatic nerve is probably the longest axon (nerve fiber), running from the lumbosacral plexus L4-S3 (you'll understand what this means in few paragraphs believe it or not) to our big toe. (aliciavance.com)
Unlike chronic liver disease, Burton SR, Hahn AF (1992) Obstetrical lumbosacral plexus injury. (myforextradingsecret.com)

It includes the cranial nerves, spinal nerves and their roots and branches, peripheral nerves, and neuromuscular junctions. (medscape.com)
Ganglia may be divided into sensory ganglia of spinal nerves (spinal or posterior root ganglia) and cranial nerves and autonomic ganglia. (medscape.com)
Sensory ganglia of spinal nerves are fusiform swellings situated on the posterior root of each spinal nerve just proximal to the root's junction with a corresponding anterior root. (medscape.com)
Spinal nerves connect to the spinal cord. (brainscape.com)
It is associated with 31 pairs of spinal nerves. (brainscape.com)
Calretinin-immunoreactive nerves in the uterus, pelvic autonomic ganglia, lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia and lumbosacral spinal cord. (omeka.net)
Stimulation of the uterine cervix at parturition activates neural circuits involving primary sensory nerves and supraspinally projecting neurons of the lumbosacral spinal cord, resulting in output of hypothalamic neurohormones. (omeka.net)
There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, forming nerve roots that branch from your spinal cord. (healthline.com)
Your spinal nerves help to relay sensory, motor, and autonomic information between the rest of your body and your central nervous system (CNS). (healthline.com)
Spinal nerves are part of your peripheral nervous system (PNS). (healthline.com)
You have 31 pairs of spinal nerves. (healthline.com)
Spinal nerves are named and grouped by the region of the spine that they're associated with. (healthline.com)
There are five pairs of lumbar spinal nerves, designated L1 through L5. (healthline.com)
Like the lumbar spinal nerves, you also have five pairs of sacral spinal nerves. (healthline.com)
You only have a single pair of coccygeal spinal nerves. (healthline.com)
You may have noticed that this is one less than the number of spinal nerves. (healthline.com)
Because your spinal nerves exit your spine laterally, dermatomes associated with your torso and core are distributed horizontally. (healthline.com)
It starts at the point where nerves extend from the spinal cord and runs to the ends of our limbs. (aliciavance.com)
Dermatomal Somatosensory Evoked Potential (DSEP) involves mild stimulation of the sensory nerves in a dermatomal region and records the reaction time to the cortex. (spectrumtesting.net)

Some indications would be voiding dysfunction after pelvic or spinal cord trauma and spinal stenosis potentially affecting the cauda equina or conus. (medscape.com)
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Lumbar spinal stenosis is narrowing of the lumbar spinal canal causing compression of the nerve rootlets and nerve roots in the cauda equina before their exit from the foramina. (msdmanuals.com)
In some cases, medication and physical therapy will not be enough and you will need surgical treatment, which could include removal of the prolapsed part of the disc, fusion of two or more vertebrae with removal of the entire disc between them, implantation of an artificial disc, or, in cases of spinal stenosis, decompressive laminectomy. (pregistry.com)

By using a combination of optogenetics, in vivo electrophysiology, and machine learning analysis, we find that a subset of neurons in the ACC receives S1 inputs, and activation of the S1 axon terminals increases the response to noxious stimuli in ACC neurons. (iasp-pain.org)
But the researchers discovered that a specific subset of neurons not required for movement in wild-type mice were sufficient for movement in paralyzed mice. (10xgenomics.com)

The majority of neurons that regulate gut functions are located in a complex network of ganglia known as the enteric nervous system, which lies embedded within the gut wall, and contains many millions of neurons. (open.ac.uk)

Cholinergic neurons of the pelvic autonomic ganglia and uterus of the female rat: distribution of axons and presence of muscarinic receptors. (omeka.net)
My research is mainly in the area of autonomic neuroscience, particularly the development and ageing of neurons that regulate bowel and bladder function. (open.ac.uk)
I also collaborate on research on ageing of the central autonomic neurons that regulate bowel and bladder function (with Dr Rachel Ranson, Northumbria University), and the role of microRNAs on ageing of the blood brain barrier (with Prof Ignacio Romero, Open University and Prof Steve Wharton (University of Sheffield). (open.ac.uk)

However, the spinal neuronal networks via which they act have been studied to a much smaller extent in mammals than in lower vertebrates. (jneurosci.org)
In cross-section, the peripheral region of the cord contains neuronal white matter tracts containing sensory and motor neurons . (yousre-elhemyly.com)

Transmission of a signal to another neuron across a synapse occurs via chemical transmitter. (medscape.com)
This causes pressure on the nerve root of a spinal nerve, the root being located near where the nerve exits the spine and its individual nerve cells (called neurons or fibers) synapse (connect) with neurons of the spinal cord. (pregistry.com)

F-waves are the second of two late voltage changes observed after stimulation is applied to the skin surface above the distal region of a nerve, in addition to the H-reflex (Hoffman's Reflex) which is a muscle reaction in response to electrical stimulation of innervating sensory fibers. (wikipedia.org)
This impulse travels both in orthodromic fashion (towards the muscle fibers) and antidromic fashion (towards the cell body in the spinal cord) along the alpha motor neuron. (wikipedia.org)
This antidromic 'backfiring' elicits an orthodromic impulse that follows back down the alpha motor neuron, towards innervated muscle fibers. (wikipedia.org)
Effects evoked by ipsilaterally descending reticulospinal tract fibers were eliminated by a spinal hemisection at an upper lumbar level. (jneurosci.org)
The results reveal that although direct actions of reticulospinal fibers are much more potent on ipsilateral motoneurons, interneuronally mediated actions are as potent contralaterally as ipsilaterally, and midlumbar commissural neurons are likely to contribute to them. (jneurosci.org)
However, the analysis has been restricted to synaptic actions mediated by reticulospinal tract fibers descending on only one side of the spinal cord. (jneurosci.org)
Nociceptive information is transmitted through thinly myelinated Aδ-afferent and unmyelinated C-afferent fibers from the periphery to the spinal cord, especially substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons, 5,6 where the information is modulated. (silverchair.com)

F-waves are able to assess both afferent and efferent loops of the alpha motor neuron in its entirety. (wikipedia.org)

Pathways through which reticulospinal neurons can influence contralateral limb movements were investigated by recording from motoneurons innervating hindlimb muscles. (jneurosci.org)
The first was whether reticulospinal neurons induce monosynaptic EPSPs in contralateral lumbar motoneurons. (jneurosci.org)
Wilson and Yoshida, 1969 ), and the third was to what extent any disynaptic PSPs evoked in contralateral motoneurons might be mediated by lamina VIII commissural neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Neurons located in lamina VIII at some level in the lumbosacral enlargement have thus been considered very strong candidates for mediating any crossed disynaptic reticulospinal actions on motoneurons but are not the only candidates. (jneurosci.org)
Preadolescent rats had more PRV-labeled spinal interneurons at L5-S1 where the motoneurons were located but relatively less spread rostrally in the spinal cord compared with adults. (elsevierpure.com)
Sciatic nerve transection, early after birth, results in significant degeneration of spinal motoneurons as well as sensory neurons present in the dorsal root ganglia. (hindawi.com)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that involves motor neurons in the cerebral cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
first in the spinal cord, then in the thalamus, and lastly in the cerebral cortex. (aliciavance.com)

Norepinephrine did not affect the amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic current and of a response of substantia gelatinosa neurons to AMPA, indicating that its action on evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents is presynaptic in origin. (silverchair.com)
Transient exposure of the spinal cord slice to fluorocitrate (FC) is shown to be accompanied by a protracted decrease of the DH s optical response to repetitive electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral dorsal root, and by a similarly protracted increase in the postsynaptic response of the DH s like LTP. (en-journal.org)
In mice, it has been reported that with advancing age, pre-terminal portions of motor axons exhibit regions of abnormal thinning, distension, and sprouting, whereas postsynaptic endplates decrease in size and become reduced in number, length, and density of postsynaptic folds [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Results: PRV-labeled spinal interneurons were found distributed throughout T11-S1 of the spinal cord, subsequent to dorsal medial motoneuron infection. (elsevierpure.com)
The majority of spinal interneurons were found in the lumbosacral spinal cord in the region of the dorsal gray commissure and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons. (elsevierpure.com)
Also, a number of interneurons, present in deep spinal cord laminae, degenerate due to the loss of input and/or output. (hindawi.com)

A group of congenital malformations involving the brainstem, cerebellum, upper spinal cord , and surrounding bony structures. (lookformedical.com)

Predisposing factors include craniocervical junction abnormalities, previous spinal cord. (msdmanuals.com)
For example, a herniated disc in the lumbosacral area can cause nerve roots to send pain signals to the brain and cause abnormalities in the back and legs. (pushasrx.com)
From a technical standpoint, DSEPs are easier to record than Spinal SEPs and could serve as a useful technique for localization of neurological abnormalities along the neuroaxis. (spectrumtesting.net)
We found that the expression of hTDP-43∆NLS in 12+ month old mice did not accelerate the appearance of neuromuscular abnormalities or motor neuron (MN) death in the lumbar spinal cord (SC), though disease progression was accelerated. (biomedcentral.com)

For example, the spinothalamic tract conveys touch sensory data and crosses over-decussates-to the opposite side of the spinal cord before continuing on to the thalamus. (aliciavance.com)

The medical procedure known as a lumbar puncture (or spinal tap ) involves use of a needle to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space, usually from the lumbar region of the spine. (yousre-elhemyly.com)
The patient is a 52 year old male, who is suffering from backache and carried out imaging tests of the lumbosacral spine. (doctorsmedicalopinion.com)

Distribution and origin of corticotropin-releasing factor-immunoreactive axons in the female rat lumbosacral spinal cord. (omeka.net)
Here, with characterized intrinsic markers targeting vagal sensory, spinal sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic axons, respectively, we comprehensively traced the spatiotemporal development of extrinsic axons to the gut during embryonic development in mice. (jneurosci.org)

Remove a vertebral body caudal to the lumbo-sacral enlargement region to access the spinal cord sitting on the vertebral canal. (jove.com)

They are referred to as spinal or posterior root ganglia. (medscape.com)
Activation and circuitry of uterine-cervix-related neurons in the lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord at parturition. (omeka.net)

This central region surrounds the central canal , which is an anatomic extension of the spaces in the brain known as the ventricles and, like the ventricles, contains cerebrospinal fluid. (yousre-elhemyly.com)

The spinal cord is the main pathway for information connecting the brain and peripheral nervous system. (yousre-elhemyly.com)

Less commonly, disorders are intrinsic to the cord. (msdmanuals.com)

Evidence suggests that birds possess a novel balance sensing organ in the lumbosacral spinal canal, a structure referred to as the "lumbosacral organ" (LSO), which may contribute to their locomotor agility and evolutionary success. (nih.gov)
The spinal cord is protected by three layers of tissue, called spinal meninges , that surround the canal. (yousre-elhemyly.com)

if the cord is injured above vertebrae C4, we lose neural communication and use of all limbs, but if the injury is below T11, we lose use our upper limbs only. (aliciavance.com)
The spinal cord functions primarily in the transmission of neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body but also contains neural circuits that can independently control numerous reflexes and central pattern generators . (yousre-elhemyly.com)
several lifus sonication parameters have been found to potentiate neural firing, suppress cortical and epileptic discharges, and alter behavior when delivered to cortical and subcortical mammalian brain regions. (cognitive-liberty.online)

On neurological examination, cranial lumbar vertebral pain, hind limb cross-extensor reflex, delayed hindlimb postural reaction, upper motor neuron bladder dysfunction, and total absence of cutaneous trunci reflex were identified. (e-jvc.org)
The spinal or vertebral column. (lookformedical.com)
The enclosing bony vertebral column protects the relatively shorter spinal cord. (yousre-elhemyly.com)

As the antidromic impulse reaches the cell bodies within the anterior horn of the motor neuron pool by retrograde transmission, a select portion of these alpha motor neurons, (roughly 5-10% of available motor neurons), 'backfire' or rebound. (wikipedia.org)
Experimentally, a well-accepted model to mimic axotomy injury retrograde repercussion to spinal neurons is the neonatal peripheral nerve axotomy [ 13 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)

Assess muscle tone by passively flexing and extending the limbs (floppy limbs = lower motor neurone sign). (vin.com)
Fasciculations were observed in four regions for ALS patients and primarily distributed in proximal limbs. (biomedcentral.com)

SGK-1 protein levels in spinal astrocytes are increased in response to glucocorticoid stimuli and enhanced ATP release by opening the pannexin-1 hemichannels. (nature.com)

The actions of norepinephrine (50 microm) on glutamatergic transmission were examined by using the whole cell patch clamp technique in substantia gelatinosa neurons of an adult rat spinal cord slice with an attached dorsal root. (silverchair.com)

Antidromic activity along collateral branches of alpha motor neurons may result in the activation of inhibitory Renshaw cells or direct inhibitory collaterals between motorneurons. (wikipedia.org)
PB neurons in CCI-Pain animals showed a reduction in inhibitory, GABAergic inputs. (iasp-pain.org)
We show that this pathway regulates the activity of pain-related neurons in PB, and that, in chronic pain, this inhibitory pathway is suppressed, and that this suppression is causally related to pain perception. (iasp-pain.org)

Following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), one of the main concerns from cat-owners is whether their cat can recover (i.e., a "functional pet" that can walk, able to regain urinary/fecal continence). (vin.com)
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in full or partial paralysis, which limits mobility-producing muscular activation. (dovepress.com)
When the spinal cord becomes compressed or aggravated due to injury or normal factors, it can lead to low back and leg pain. (pushasrx.com)
It's important for medical professionals to know all the tracts and possible ways that information travels to and from the brain as it helps in narrowing down the specific location of a spinal cord injury. (aliciavance.com)
Animals with pain after chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-Pain) displayed higher spontaneous and evoked activity in PB neurons, and a dramatic increase in after-discharges-responses that far outlast the stimulus-compared to controls. (iasp-pain.org)

chronodispersion - difference in maximal and minimal latencies across a series of F waves F wave persistence - measure of alpha motor neuron excitability calculated as the number of F responses elicited divided by the number of stimuli presented. (wikipedia.org)
b , c ) and the unavoidably widespread actions of stimuli applied within RF, the study could not be restricted to a particular population of RF neurons. (jneurosci.org)

Conclusion: Common spinal and brain pathways project to the LA and BS muscles in the rat suggesting that these muscles act together to coordinate male sexual reflexes. (elsevierpure.com)
Because various commonly acquired compressive spinal cord diseases can mimic DM by compromising the upper motor neuron and general proprioceptive pathways, a definitive diagnosis of DM can only be accomplished postmortem by the histopathologic observation of axonal and myelin degeneration, which can occur at all levels of the spinal cord. (embarkvet.com)

Conventionally, axonal segments of motor neurons previously depolarized by preceding antidromic impulses enter a hyperpolarized state, disallowing the travel of impulses along them. (wikipedia.org)
An SCI results in a complex series of events that include a lesion within the spinal cord, glial scarring around the lesion, release of chemicals that inhibit axonal growth in the damaged area, and axonal demyelination of nearby but initially unaffected neurons. (dovepress.com)
Importantly, exogenous treatment with neurotrophins transiently rescues a significant number of neurons, leading to the possibility of axonal regrowth and regeneration [ 19 , 20 ]. (hindawi.com)

Spinal cord nuclei supplying the vesicourethral smooth muscle and rhabdosphincter are in the lumbosacral region. (medscape.com)
Commissural neurons, which might mediate the crossed disynaptic actions (i.e., were antidromically activated from contralateral motor nuclei and monosynaptically excited from the ipsilateral reticular formation), were found in Rexed's lamina VIII in the midlumbar segments (L3-L5). (jneurosci.org)
They analyzed over 80,000 nuclei from 24 mice across experimental conditions and identified all the expected major spinal cord cell types via unsupervised clustering. (10xgenomics.com)

Magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperplasia of the epidural fat compressing the spinal cord in the thoracolumbar region and concurrent mild multiple intervertebral disc herniations. (e-jvc.org)
The patient was tentatively diagnosed with spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) secondary to hypothyroidism. (e-jvc.org)
More severe cases can be treated with corticosteroids injected into a region outside the spinal cord called epidural space at the appropriate spinal level. (pregistry.com)
Three years later, Summers was the first person to participate in an experimental epidural electrical stimulation (EES) program to treat people with spinal cord injuries at the University of Louisville (2). (10xgenomics.com)
Most remarkably, four of those patients could walk even after EES was switched off, indicating that physical therapy combined with epidural electrical stimulation could, somehow, permanently rewire neurons in the spinal cord. (10xgenomics.com)

although it has been argued Renshaw cells preferentially inhibit smaller alpha motor neurons limited influence on modulation of antidromic backfiring. (wikipedia.org)
Histological analyses of the lumbosacral spinal cord revealed that Bxt markedly delayed the early motor-neuron degeneration occurring at presymptomatic stages in ALS-transgenic mice. (frontiersin.org)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common disease affecting the motor neurons (MNs) with an annual incidence that ranges from 2 to 4 cases per 100,000 people. (frontiersin.org)
Following acute SCI, muscle tone can be dramatically reduced despite upper motor neurone (UMN) lesion-localization (i.e. (vin.com)
The Snout Reflex This is a pathologic reflex of the head most frequently seen in bilateral corticopontine lesions and indicates an upper motor neuron lesion. (legalsoftsolution.com)
The sign is considered present when either of these actions causes dorsiflexion and adduction of the foot, indicating an upper motor neuron lesion (Spastic paralysis) of the lower limb. (legalsoftsolution.com)
The spinal cord has three major functions: A. Serve as a conduit for motor information, which travels down the spinal cord. (yousre-elhemyly.com)
The lumbar enlargement, located between L1 and S3 spinal segments, handles sensory input and motor output coming from and going to the legs. (yousre-elhemyly.com)

The relatively dense glycogen body has the potential to apply loads sufficient to pre-stress denticulate ligaments, enabling external accelerations to excite tuned oscillations in the LSO soft tissue, leading to strain-based mechanosensing in the accessory lobe neurons. (nih.gov)
However, protein levels of these variants were similar to controls, and analysis of patient frontal cortex and spinal cord tissue showed that the transcribed expanded GGGGCC repeat formed nuclear RNA foci, suggesting a gain-of-function mechanism. (coriell.org)
The researchers first used single nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) to analyze spinal cord tissue from mice with and without spinal cord injuries who did or did not undergo EES. (10xgenomics.com)
The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the brain (the medulla oblongata specifically). (yousre-elhemyly.com)

The combined use of microelectrode array technology and 4-aminopyridine-induced chemical stimulation for investigating network-level nociceptive activity in the spinal cord dorsal horn is outlined. (jove.com)

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) can have catastrophic effects on individuals resulting in loss of physical abilities and independence. (dovepress.com)
Most of us know that spinal injuries are very serious, but do we understand why? (aliciavance.com)
To recapitulate their study in an animal model, they examined spinal cord injuries in mice who then underwent EES. (10xgenomics.com)

The neurons of the Onuf nucleus are relatively spared in many neuromuscular disorders. (medscape.com)

Traumatic animals in shock should be treated prior to assess spinal cord function. (vin.com)
Normal and traumatic factors can interfere with the neuron signals from the brain and cause somatosensory pain in the upper and lower extremities. (pushasrx.com)

The neurons are smaller, more spherical, and more closely packed than other anterior horn cells. (medscape.com)

Chronic pain enhances this cortico-cortical connection, as manifested by an increased number of ACC neurons that respond to S1 inputs and the magnified contribution of these neurons to the nociceptive response in the ACC. (iasp-pain.org)

Whole-cell patch recordings were carried out to evaluate the effects of FC on the response of DH s neurons to puffer-applied GABA. (en-journal.org)
1 hr) depolarizing shift of the equilibrium potential for the DH s neuron transmembrane ionic currents evoked by GABA. (en-journal.org)
Considered collectively, the findings demonstrate that LTP FC involves (1) elevation of [K + ] o in the DH s , (2) NMDAR activation, and (3) conversion of the effect of GABA on DH s neurons from inhibition to excitation. (en-journal.org)
These CeA GABA neurons express dynorphin, somatostatin and/or corticotropin releasing hormone. (iasp-pain.org)

The spinal cord extends caudally from the medulla at the foramen magnum and terminates at the upper lumbar vertebrae, usually between L1 and L2, where it forms the conus medullaris. (msdmanuals.com)
The human spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum and continues through to the conus medullaris near the second lumbar vertebra , terminating in a fibrous extension known as the filum terminale . (yousre-elhemyly.com)

A neurone consists of a cell body (with a nucleus and cytoplasm), dendrites that carry electrical impulses to the cell, and a long axon that carries the impulses away from the cell. (medscape.com)
Here we demonstrate that similar activity amplification occurs in mice, and that this is related to suppressed inhibition to PB neurons from the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) in animals of either sex. (iasp-pain.org)
We describe a novel pathway, consisting of inhibition by dynorphin, somatostatin and corticotropin-releasing hormone expressing neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala that project to the parabrachial nucleus (PB). (iasp-pain.org)

Diurnal enhancement of pain hypersensitivity is mediated by glucocorticoid-induced enhancement of the extracellular release of ATP in the spinal cord, which stimulates purinergic receptors on microglia in the dorsal horn. (nature.com)
Temporal elevations in glucocorticoid levels enhance the extracellular release of ATP in the spinal cord, which stimulates purinergic receptors on microglia in the dorsal horn. (nature.com)

The central nervous system, or CNS, includes the brain and the spinal cord, which travels uninterrupted from the brain stem to the lumbar vertebrae. (aliciavance.com)

Elsberg syndrome (ES) is an infectious syndrome presenting with variable signs of acute lumbosacral radiculomyelitis. (journal-jams.org)

The spinal column is made up of 33 different bones called vertebrae, each with a hole in the center, through which the spinal cord travels. (aliciavance.com)
A group of twelve VERTEBRAE connected to the ribs that support the upper trunk region. (lookformedical.com)

In the lumbosacral region, nerve roots from lower cord segments descend within the spinal column in a nearly vertical sheaf, forming the cauda equina. (msdmanuals.com)
The cord is divided into functional segments (levels) corresponding approximately to the attachments of the 31 pairs of spinal nerve roots. (msdmanuals.com)

They form nerve roots that branch from your spinal cord. (healthline.com)

Think about clusters of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS. (brainscape.com)
Internal to this peripheral region is the gray, butterfly-shaped central region made up of nerve cell bodies . (yousre-elhemyly.com)

Syrinx of the Spinal Cord or Brain Stem A syrinx is a fluid-filled cavity within the spinal cord (syringomyelia) or brain stem (syringobulbia). (msdmanuals.com)

Anatomy17

Organisms1

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs4

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Cervical10

Ventral11

Brain and spinal cord4

Thoracic5

Lower motor n3

Plexus4

Nerves19

Stenosis3

Subset of neurons2

Millions of neurons1

Autonomic3

Neuronal2

Synapse2

Fibers7

Efferent1

Motoneurons6

Cerebral cortex2

Postsynaptic3

Interneurons3

Brainstem1

Abnormalities4

Side of the spinal cord1

Spine2

Axons2

Sacral1

Ganglia2

Cerebrospinal fluid1

Peripheral nervou1

Intrinsic1

Canal2

Neural3

Vertebral3

Retrograde2

Limbs2

Astrocytes1

Dorsal root1

Inhibitory3

Injury5

Stimuli2

Pathways2

Axonal3

Nuclei3

Epidural5

Motor8

Tissue4

Stimulation1

Injuries3

Neuromuscular1

Traumatic2

Anterior1

Nociceptive1

GABA4

Foramen magnum2

Nucleus3

Stimulates2

Lumbar vertebrae1

Acute1

Vertebrae2

Segments2

Nerve roots1

Cell bodies2

Syringomyelia1