• While at Duke, she invented a technique called CANE (capturing activated neural ensembles), which can identify networks of neurons that are activated by a particular stimulus. (scitechdaily.com)
  • This approach merges eligibility trace models with dopamine supervisory signals to impact the plasticity of nearby neurons and synapses. (devx.com)
  • Neuroplasticity, or neural plasticity, allows neurons to regenerate both anatomically as well as functionally, and to form new synaptic connections. (cognifit.com)
  • These neural pathways, or circuits, are routes made of inter-connecting neurons. (cognifit.com)
  • BCM theory ( B ienenstock, C ooper, and M unro 1982) refers to the theory of synaptic modification first proposed by Elie Bienenstock, Leon Cooper, and Paul Munro in 1982 to account for experiments measuring the selectivity of neurons in primary sensory cortex and its dependency on neuronal input. (scholarpedia.org)
  • 2017 ( Nature Communications ), we combined super-resolution with opto- and thermogenetic neuronal stimulation in living neurons in the fruit fly. (edu.au)
  • With whole-cell recording from single neurons, we found that ACh inhibited excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) while elevating neuronal firing in a dose-dependent manner. (springer.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma growth impacts on the structure and physiology of peritumoral neuronal networks, altering the activity of pyramidal neurons which drives further tumor progression. (bvsalud.org)
  • In 1943 Morison and Dempsey described "augmenting responses," a form of short-term plasticity in some thalamocortical pathways that is triggered by 8- to 15-hertz activation. (nih.gov)
  • Enzymes of neuronal energetic pathways, such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), were also evaluated. (hindawi.com)
  • Ever since the Spanish neuroscientist Ramón y Cajal put forward his 'neuron theory' 1 , synapses have been the focus of research aiming to explain learning in terms of brain plasticity, or the functional reorganization of neural pathways in response to new experiences. (nature.com)
  • When engaged in new experiences and learning, the brain establishes a series of neural pathways. (cognifit.com)
  • Thus, ACh modulates network dynamics in a biphasic fashion, probably by inhibiting excitatory synaptic transmission and facilitating neuronal excitability through muscarinic signaling pathways. (springer.com)
  • For decades, researchers have known that this flexibility, called plasticity, comes from selective strengthening of well-used synapses - the connections between nerve cells. (stanford.edu)
  • But synapses, which mostly spread out along highly branched neuronal processes called dendrites, are relatively tiny and have been difficult to stimulate with any precision. (nature.com)
  • Precision emerges during critical periods of development as synaptic connections remodel, a process requiring neural activity and involving regression of some synapses and strengthening and stabilization of others. (visionsciences.org)
  • Together, results imply that these molecules, thought previously to function only in the immune system, may also act at neuronal synapses to limit how much- or perhaps how quickly- synapse strength changes in response to new experience. (visionsciences.org)
  • Memory maintenance in synapses with calcium-based plasticity in the presence of background activity. (duke.edu)
  • To understand the function of these interneurons in information processing, it is necessary to uncover how they are embedded into neuronal circuits. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we aimed to identify the neural circuits involved in social interaction observation in marmosets using ultra-high-field (9.4 T) fMRI in fully awake animals. (elifesciences.org)
  • Among the features implemented are local ones addressing neuron function and plasticity, mesoscopic ones addressing connectivity and interaction of local circuits and also macroscopic ones such as area structure, between-area connectivity and large-scale network interaction. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Our goal is to dissect the neural circuits of the brain that are actively recruited for the onset and maintenance of sleep and wake states. (utoronto.ca)
  • Most models of learning and memory assume that memories are maintained in neuronal circuits by persistent synaptic modifications induced by specific patterns of pre- and postsynaptic activity. (duke.edu)
  • For this scenario to be viable, synaptic modifications must survive the ubiquitous ongoing activity present in neural circuits in vivo. (duke.edu)
  • However, understanding exactly how such molecular and cellular actions of ACh translate into modulation of the network activity of neuronal ensembles in vivo has been challenging, in part due to the vast complexity of native circuits. (springer.com)
  • A central part of the course is application of technologies that push the research forward, including optogenetic manipulation and gene editing to manipulate neural circuits and identify neural functions. (lu.se)
  • A major emphasis in the course is on the application of techniques that are driving major research advances in this field, including optogenetic manipulation end gene editing approaches to manipulate neural circuits and identify function. (lu.se)
  • Both structural and functional MRI methods can provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of experience-dependent plasticity in adults as well as children, due to their non-invasive nature and sensitivity to brain tissue contrasts. (frontiersin.org)
  • The findings illustrate a form of neural plasticity based in myelin, and future work on the molecular mechanisms responsible may ultimately shed light on a broad range of neurological and psychiatric diseases," said Monje, senior author of the paper. (stanford.edu)
  • Thus, the present study was carried out to examine these mechanisms in aged animals by administering a control, 2 % SB- or 2 % BB-supplemented diet to aged Fischer 344 rats for 8 weeks to ascertain their effectiveness in reversing age-related deficits in behavioural and neuronal function. (cambridge.org)
  • Her research focuses on understanding the mechanisms of neuronal plasticity. (virginia.edu)
  • However, the neural mechanisms that contribute to these experiences remain unknown. (stanford.edu)
  • The course also includes detailed studies of the mechanisms that underlie neuronal signaling and cell function, and how these are activated during development and neuronal plasticity. (lu.se)
  • Decades of research on monogamous prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), along with comparative studies using the related non-bonding meadow vole (M. pennsylvanicus), have revealed many of the neural and molecular mechanisms necessary for pair-bond formation in that species. (cdc.gov)
  • Sending neural impulses quickly down a long nerve fiber requires insulation with myelin, which is formed by a cell called an oligodendrocyte that wraps itself around a neuron. (stanford.edu)
  • however, recent studies show that omega-3 fats can enhance neuron signaling and synaptic plasticity, while preserving gray and white matter in the brain. (nutritionaloutlook.com)
  • These include genes involved in regulating transcription, neuron structure, and synaptic plasticity. (cdc.gov)
  • Neural Computation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neural Computation (2010) 22 (8): 2031-2058. (mit.edu)
  • Neural Computation (2017) 29 (6): 1528. (mit.edu)
  • Here, after research involving Sprague Dawley rats, we reported that spinal nerve ligation (SNL), in addition to causing allodynia, enhances the Rab3-interactive molecule-1α (RIM1α), a major active zone protein presumed to regulate neural plasticity, specifically in the synaptic plasma membranes (SPMs) of the ipsilateral dorsal horn. (jneurosci.org)
  • Consequently, the NACA algorithm potentially improves learning and overall performance of the Spiking Neural Network (SNN), offering a more accurate and efficient method for training neural networks in various applications. (devx.com)
  • While the functions of sleep are still a matter of debate and may include memory consolidation and brain plasticity, the brain substrates of the sleep-wake cycle are known to involve many neuronal population located in the brainstem, basal forebrain, hypothalamus, thalamus and cortex. (utoronto.ca)
  • Meanwhile, TeNT spreads among brainstem neuronal nuclei and, as shown by an assay measuring the ventilation ability of CT mice, harms essential functions like respiration. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our findings suggest that this network is largely conserved between New and Old World primates and support the use of marmosets for studying the neural basis of social cognition. (elifesciences.org)
  • Although macaque monkeys are widely used to study the neural basis of higher cognitive function, they may not be an ideal nonhuman primate model for studying the neural basis of social cognition as laboratory studies of social behavior are challenging due to their size and aggression toward conspecifics. (elifesciences.org)
  • Spinal plasticity, a key process mediating neuropathic pain development, requires ubiquitination-dependent protein turnover. (jneurosci.org)
  • Nevertheless, the mechanism for ubiquitination-regulated turnover of presynaptic active zone proteins in the progression of spinal plasticity-associated neuropathic pain remains unclear. (jneurosci.org)
  • That is, RIM1α-facilitated Ca V 2.2 expression plays a role in the downstream signaling of Fbxo3-dependent Fbxl2 ubiquitination/degradation to promote spinal plasticity underlying the progression of nociceptive hypersensitivity following neuropathic injury. (jneurosci.org)
  • In the last few years, Dr. Araujo has focused on the investigation of the cognitive and neural substrates of the Ayahuasca experience. (maps.org)
  • Facilitation and modulation of neural plasticity through rehabilitative strategies, such as early interventions with repetitive goal-oriented intensive therapy, appropriate non-invasive brain stimulation, and pharmacological agents, are the keys to promote motor recovery. (frontiersin.org)
  • Experience-dependent neural plasticity is high in the developing brain, presenting a unique window of opportunity for training. (frontiersin.org)
  • Doing so at a young age when brain plasticity is high may be especially pivotal ( Kleim and Jones, 2008 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Such dramatic examples aside, brain plasticity underlies everyday learning ( Johnston, 2009 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Summarizing neuroscience-based understanding of experience-dependent neural plasticity, Kleim and Jones (2008) highlight that while lack of use of brain functions can lead to degradation, training of a specific function can lead to enhancement of the specific function. (frontiersin.org)
  • Michelle Monje is senior author of a paper that found neuronal activity causes changes in myelin, cells that insulate nerve fibers and make them more efficient.The brain is a wonderfully flexible and adaptive learning tool. (stanford.edu)
  • Now, researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine have demonstrated that brain plasticity also comes from another mechanism: activity-dependent changes in the cells that insulate neural fibers and make them more efficient. (stanford.edu)
  • Myelin plasticity is a fascinating concept that may help to explain how the brain adapts in response to experience or training," said Michelle Monje , MD, PhD, assistant professor of neurology and neurological sciences. (stanford.edu)
  • But there has been no way to show that neuronal activity directly causes myelin changes in an intact brain. (stanford.edu)
  • However, neuronal plasticity is not restricted to higher brain functions and it may provide a basic feature of adaptation of all neural. (rero.ch)
  • Pseudo-continuous arterial spinning labeling (pCASL) as an efficient non-invasive neuroimaging technique can be applied to directly quantify the neuronal activities of individual brain regions that show the persistent symptoms owing to its better spatial resolution and increased signal-to-noise ratio. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Brain plasticity refers to the capacity of the nervous system to change its structure and its function over a lifetime, in reaction to environmental diversity. (cognifit.com)
  • Brain plasticity, or neuroplasticity, is the ability for the brain to recover and restructure itself. (cognifit.com)
  • Neurofeedback provides neural plasticity with an increase in brain-derived nerve factor mRNA and an increase in dendrite production and density in the hippocampus coupled with overall growth in dendrites, density, and neuronal survival. (qigonginstitute.org)
  • Recent advances in the spatial and temporal resolution of brain imaging techniques enable investigators to visualize changes in neural activation before financial decisions. (dericbownds.net)
  • Therefore, over the past several years, research has been directed to limit the brain lesions produced by acute ischemia (neuroprotection) and to increase the recovery, plasticity and neuroregenerative processes that complement rehabilitation and enhance the possibility of recovery and return to normal functions (neurorepair). (mdpi.com)
  • The aim of this thesis was to understand how particular factors such as neuronal content, placement and cell source, affect functional outcome after transplantation into the rodent brain. (lu.se)
  • To test the hypothesis that neural gene expression differences underlie differential capacities to bond, we performed RNA-sequencing on tissue from three brain regions important for bonding and other social behaviors across bond-forming prairie voles and non-bonding meadow voles. (cdc.gov)
  • Recovery of strength and motor function is mainly attributed to cortical plastic reorganization in the early recovery phase, while reticulospinal (RS) hyperexcitability as a result of maladaptive plasticity, is the most plausible mechanism for poststroke spasticity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our aim is to apply sdTIM to study the mechanism of neuronal communication under disease conditions in future studies. (edu.au)
  • Mar. 15, 2023 Researchers report abnormalities in functional neural networks of dogs diagnosed with anxiety. (sciencedaily.com)
  • There are many reasons for this development, some merely technical, such as the increased use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans, but others that are more obviously innovative and that mark a change in the dominant approach to investigating the neural bases of the complex capacities of animals. (dericbownds.net)
  • that, rather than using a simple neural or behavioral preparation, methodologies better suited to examining functional, as opposed to structural, problems will provide a more secure basis for rapid progress. (dericbownds.net)
  • Shane Grealish: Cell Replacement Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: The Importance of Neuronal Subtype, Cell Source and Connectivity for Functional Recovery. (lu.se)
  • Through understanding functional recovery in terms of neuronal subtype and connectivity, the work presented in this thesis aims to bring the prospect of CRT closer to the clinic, I also describe the generation of a very promising alternative cell source that could rival fetal tissue. (lu.se)
  • Thus, MHCI ligands signaling via PirB receptor may function to "brake" activity- dependent synaptic plasticity. (visionsciences.org)
  • However, it is unclear how ACh influences neural circuit dynamics by altering cellular properties. (springer.com)
  • The subject matter includes the detailed mechanics underlying neuronal signaling and cellular function to how these properties are invoked across development and during neuronal plasticity. (lu.se)
  • Taurine alone increased the AST/ALT, LDH/ALT, and AST/LDH ratios in the cerebral cortex, showing improvement of the neural bioenergetics system. (hindawi.com)
  • The following sections will provide the theoretical and empirical background for training-related neuroplasticity, describe MRI methodology that can be used to map neural changes, and address developmental/maturational effects on training-related plasticity. (frontiersin.org)
  • A promising nonhuman primate model for investigating the neural basis of social interaction observation is the common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus ), a small New World primate that shares a rich social repertoire with humans. (elifesciences.org)
  • A neuronal avalanche is a cascade of bursts of activity in neuronal networks whose size distribution can be approximated by a power law , as in critical sandpile models (Bak et al. (scholarpedia.org)
  • This algorithm is inspired by neuronal modulation-dependent plasticity and aims to boost the effectiveness of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and spiking neural networks (SNNs) in activities such as supervised image and speech recognition learning. (devx.com)
  • The NACA algorithm works by mimicking the human brain's neural networks by observing and adapting to the changing environment and stimulus, thus enhancing its learning capabilities. (devx.com)
  • The MatCo project addresses these issues by building neural networks of a specific kind. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Here, we investigated how ACh influences reverberatory activity in cultured neuronal networks. (springer.com)
  • In this case, it is the dynamic integration of the computational, neural, and behavioral data that has provided insight into the subjective variables controlling choice. (dericbownds.net)
  • Figure 2: Neuronal avalanches in an acute cortical slice. (scholarpedia.org)
  • Each of the small black rectangles in the diagram displays neuronal activity in one respective cortical area of the network. (fu-berlin.de)
  • A detailed exploration can be found in the book Theory of Cortical Plasticity (Cooper et al. (scholarpedia.org)
  • It is one of a series of in the August 1 issue of the Journal of Neuroscience devoted to the neural basis of choice and decision making. (dericbownds.net)
  • Individualized rehabilitation protocols could be developed to utilize or avoid the maladaptive plasticity, such as RS hyperexcitability, in the course of motor recovery. (frontiersin.org)
  • There have been studies that showed a correlation between experience and myelin dynamics, and studies of isolated cells in a dish suggesting a relationship between neuronal activity and myelination. (stanford.edu)
  • Then we study the dynamics of the structure of a formal neural network. (santafe.edu)
  • We employ Cartesian genetic programming to evolve biologically plausible human-interpretable plasticity rules that allow a given network to successfully solve tasks from specific task families. (arxiv.org)
  • While our evolving-to-learn approach can be applied to various learning paradigms, here we illustrate its power by evolving plasticity rules that allow a network to efficiently determine the first principal component of its input distribution. (arxiv.org)
  • We generated mutant mice lacking PirB function and discovered that OD plasticity is also enhanced (Syken et al. (visionsciences.org)
  • Our findings identify a role of the presynaptic active zone protein in pain-associated plasticity. (jneurosci.org)
  • Specifically, she has developed highly-sensitive optical sensors for protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes in order to understand the role of PKC in the neural correlates of learning and memory. (virginia.edu)
  • SARS-CoV-2 can also affect the CNS by inducing neurochemical remodeling in neural cells, which can compromise neuronal plasticity and synaptic function. (techscience.com)
  • Instead, Lambert et al posited that the neurologic abnormalities may be linked to impaired function of a molecule playing a common role in melanocytic and neuronal organelle function. (medscape.com)
  • [ 16 ] It is involved with cerebellar learning function and neural plasticity. (medscape.com)
  • In summary, the NACA algorithm has demonstrated potential in improving neural network performance, showcasing high accuracy and low computational expense across various recognition and continuous learning tasks. (devx.com)
  • We review two examples where the linear response of a neuronal network submitted to an external stimulus can be derived explicitly, including network parameters dependence. (aip.org)
  • Firstly, a network of discrete dynamical systems is considered for this purpose and the coupling strengths are made to evolve according to a temporal learning rule that is based on the paradigm of spike-time-dependent plasticity (STDP). (santafe.edu)
  • We compare the motif profile of such a network with that of the real neural network of C. elegans and identify robust qualitative similarities. (santafe.edu)
  • Gene ontology analysis supports the hypothesis that pair-bond formation involves transcriptional regulation, and changes in neuronal structure. (cdc.gov)
  • In this paper, we investigate the time scales of memory maintenance in a calcium-based synaptic plasticity model that has been shown recently to be able to fit different experimental data-sets from hippocampal and neocortical preparations. (duke.edu)
  • Spasticity and motor recovery are both related to neural plasticity after stroke. (frontiersin.org)
  • He is greatly interested in the study of the neural bases of consciousness and its alteration. (maps.org)
  • Our results emphasise the need for studying plasticity at physiological extracellular calcium concentration, and highlight the role of synaptic bi- or multistability in the stability of learned synaptic structures. (duke.edu)
  • We explore how the statistical properties of the datasets used during the evolutionary search influences the form of the plasticity rules and discover new rules which are adapted to the structure of the corresponding datasets. (arxiv.org)
  • In particular, the invention measures the similarity and differences in neural activity patterns between interacting individuals (either in person or online) as a signature measurement for their matching capabilities. (universityofcalifornia.edu)
  • Overall, the review supports the hypothesized neural changes with training while at the same time charting empirical and methodological desiderata for future research. (frontiersin.org)
  • In contrast, all the supporting and Schwann cells are derived from neural crest cells, possibly from the VIIth nerve ganglion to which the vestibulocochlear ganglion is initially attached. (medscape.com)