Mutations cell cycle progression proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Medical search. Frequent questions

Previously we have shown that DDB2, a protein involved in the Global Genome Repair, interacts directly with PCNA and, in human cells, the loss of this interaction affects DNA repair machinery. (biomedcentral.com)
The results have shown that DDB2 Wt recognize and repair the UV-induced lesions in plasmidic DNA transfected in the cells, whereas a delay in these processes were observed in the presence of DDB2 PCNA- , as also confirmed by the different extent of co-localization of DDB2 Wt and some NER proteins (such as XPG), vs the DDB2 mutant form. (biomedcentral.com)
PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types. (lookformedical.com)
Administration of POS extract reversed the ACR-induced epididymides weight loss with improved semen quality and count, ameliorated the ACR-decreased testicular lesion scoring, testicular oxidative stress, testicular degeneration, Leydig cell apoptosis and the dysregulated PCNA and Caspase-3 expression in a dose-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in CNV mice without or with YAP siRNA intravitreal injection and the colocalization of PCNA and CD31 were measured with western blotting and immunofluorescent double staining, respectively. (molvis.org)
Additionally, after laser exposure, YAP siRNA inhibited the increased expression of PCNA, which was colocalized with endothelial cells. (molvis.org)

Furthermore, silencing PrP c expression with si-PRNP amplified the fucoidan-induced changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. (iiarjournals.org)
The ability of the host to trigger apoptosis in infected cells is perhaps the most powerful tool by which viruses can be cleared from the host organism. (mdpi.com)
To avoid elimination by this mechanism, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed several mechanisms that enable the cells they infect to elude both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
In this manuscript, we review the current literature regarding how HPV-infected cells avoid apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms involved in these events. (mdpi.com)
Many of the current efforts regarding anti-cancer drug development are focused on directing tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
RNAi-mediated attenuation of Tnfrsf1b decreased TNF-α-induced netrin-1 production and augmented epithelial cell apoptosis in culture. (aacrjournals.org)
Extending these observations, colon biopsies from E. faecalis -colonized IL-10 −/− mice exhibited crypt hyperplasia and increased staining for macrophages, TNF-α, netrin-1, NF-κB, Tnfrsf1b, and the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen while also displaying a reduction in epithelial cell apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Potential synergistic effects of various combinations including these compounds were tested by measuring cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. (frontiersin.org)
Other authors have shown attenuated germ cell apoptosis SB-742457 kinase inhibitor following antioxidant therapy. (hifsignaling.com)
Germ cell apoptosis was inhibited which has a substantial attenuation in testis fat reduction compared to untreated cryptorchid rats. (hifsignaling.com)
Zini et al concluded that nitric oxide may possibly possess a central position in germ cell apoptosis from the testis. (hifsignaling.com)
Studies on male rodents suggested that chronic ACR exposure resulted in testicular cytotoxicity indicated by vacuolization, multiple nuclei formation, abnormal giant cell, atrophy of the seminiferous tubules and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that the sole presence of N-cad induces constitutively active fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signaling and a precocious involution resulting in massive apoptosis of alveolar cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Further, we studied the effect of HSP70-2 protein ablation on signaling cascades involved in apoptosis, cell cycle and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition both in culture as well as in-vivo human breast xenograft mouse model. (biomedcentral.com)
Depletion of HSP70-2 in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells resulted in a significant reduction in cellular growth, motility, onset of apoptosis, senescence, cell cycle arrest as well as reduction of tumor growth in the xenograft model. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, we have examined the putative role of HSP70-2 in apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in-vitro and in-vivo xenograft mouse model using gene silencing approach. (biomedcentral.com)
The various markers that enable assessment of the progression of preneoplastic lesions to spindle cell carcinoma include the p16 protein, which halts the cell cycle and induces apoptosis by pRb-mediated phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). (bvsalud.org)

Background: The putative functions of the cellular prion protein (PrP c ) are believed to be associated with cell signaling, differentiation, survival, and cancer progression. (iiarjournals.org)
and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
It is involved in p53 pathways and is implicated in cell death/survival signaling, the cell cycle, and differentiation, thereby playing a regulatory role in carcinogenesis [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Starting from the zygotic genome, stage- and cell-type-specific transcription factors initiate regulatory cascades that induce cell differentiation. (nature.com)
Altered epigenomes can lead to changes in programmed cell differentiation or, when accidental, to disease (bottom right). (nature.com)
Overall, our study demonstrates the coordinated expression of functionally related genes during proliferation and differentiation of rainbow trout adipocyte cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Another protein, calgranulin A (Cal A), is involved in the regulation of several cell processes, including the cell cycle and cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
Cystatin A (Cys A), a cysteine protease inhibitor, is a precursor of proteins involves in keratinocyte keratinization, and is expressed during the late phase of differentiation of these cells. (bvsalud.org)
Transcription factors (TFs) are critical for B-cell differentiation, affecting gene expression both by repres- sion and transcriptional activation. (lu.se)
In this study, highly purified, flow-cytometry sorted, classified in relation to normal B-cell differentiation [1]. (lu.se)

Mutations in NER genes are linked to human genetic diseases (e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
The present study suggests the potential role of immunodeficiency pathway-related genes, primarily TNFRSF13B , in prostate cancer progression. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings indicate miR-34a along with its putative target genes could play a role in RCC tumorigenesis and progression. (hindawi.com)
It upregulated the declined level of serum testosterone and the expression of steroidogenic genes such as CYP11A1 and 17β3-HSD with an obvious histologic improvement of the testes with re-establishment of the normal spermatogenic series, Sertoli and Leydig cells. (biomedcentral.com)
A substantial portion of the regulatory interactions in the higher eukaryotic cell are mediated by simple sequence motifs in the regulatory segments of genes and (pre-)mRNAs, and in the intrinsically disordered regions of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Consistently, inactivating mutations ENOblock (AP-III-a4) in various NER genes cause the autosomal recessive syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), which is Nos1 usually associated with UV sensitivity and susceptibility to skin cancer development (4). (colinsbraincancer.com)
We also reported that inactivating mutations in or of any among other DDR genes mixed up in mobile response to replicative tension cripples NER exclusively in S stage. (colinsbraincancer.com)
Biologists have long sought to understand how a fertilized egg can form an organism composed of hundreds of specialized cell types, each expressing a defined set of genes. (nature.com)
The pluripotency of the initial cell and the establishment of cell types depend to a large extent on the coordinated deployment of hundreds of transcription factors that bind to specific DNA sequences to activate or repress the transcription of cell lineage genes 1 . (nature.com)
Epigenetic components (for example, Polycomb PRC1/2 and Trithorax group proteins) maintain the 'off' states of certain genes and the 'on' states of others, in a cell-type- and time-specific manner (the bottom panels show three genes, depicted schematically as chromatinized templates, in which transcription is triggered by specific transcription factors and silent or active states are maintained by PRC1/2 or Trithorax proteins, respectively). (nature.com)
RNA was prepared separately from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and granulocytes to UNC1215 identify differentially expressed genes using whole genome microarrays. (tech-strategy.org)
Network analysis of the differentially expressed genes demonstrated that this steroid hormone receptor superfamily member hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4) is usually a hub in several of the gene networks that distinguished children with arthritis from controls. (tech-strategy.org)
As a universal inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases and one of the target genes of the tumor suppresser p53, p21Waf1/Cip1 can act as a tumor suppresser through its ability to control cell cycle progression. (ox.ac.uk)
Nuclear PKM2 interacts with HIF-1α and subsequently upregulates the expression of HIF-1α target genes encoding glycolytic enzymes, GLUT1, HK2, PKM2, LDHA and PDK1, which are required for the C. tropicalis -induced aerobic glycolysis of MDSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
Differentially expressed candidate genes for ageing previously identified in the human blood transcriptome up-regulated in PP cows were mainly associated with T-cell function ( CCR7 , CD27 , IL7R , CAMK4 , CD28 ), mitochondrial ribosomal proteins ( MRPS27 , MRPS9 , MRPS31 ), and DNA replication and repair ( WRN ). (biomedcentral.com)

Misregulation of the cell cycle may result in malignant cell proliferation, tumorigenesis or cell death. (intechopen.com)
How many mutations are required for tumorigenesis? (academicinfluence.com)
For the first time, this study reveals that RFC4 is required for NPC cell proliferation and may play a pivotal role in NPC tumorigenesis. (engineering.org.cn)
Our previous study has revealed that Candida tropicalis ( C. tropicalis ) promotes colorectal tumorigenesis by enhancing immunosuppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and increasing accumulation of MDSCs, but the underlying mechanisms remain unestablished. (biomedcentral.com)
Blockade of PKM2 nuclear translocation attenuates C. tropicalis -mediated colorectal tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Modern approaches to treating cancer take advantage of critical biochemical differences between cancer cells and normal cells - from radiation therapy to chemotherapy to experimental gene therapy. (janechin.net)
However, no study has yet systematically investigated the effect of gene variants related to immunodeficiency on prostate cancer progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mutations, we report that human HCT116 colon cancer cells also survive when ORC5 protein expression is abolished via a mutation in the initiator ATG of the ORC5 gene. (bvsalud.org)
We observe that each gene and its products have a unique set of DNA, RNA or protein motifs that encode a regulatory program to define the logical circuitry that guides the life cycle of these biomolecules, from transcription to degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) of D. hafniense DCB-2 and Y51 appears incomplete since they lack the gene coding for 2-oxoglutarate Chlormezanone dehydrogenase, and the cycle lacks the anaplerotic glyoxylate bypass (Figure 2). (screeninglibraries.com)
In the 1970s, somatic cell genetic techniques were developed to allow the quantification and characterization of specific gene mutations arising in irradiated cultures of somatic cells. (nationalacademies.org)
In combination with a conditional gene inactivation approach, we expressed N-cad in the absence of E-cad (referred to as Ncadk.i.) in alveolar epithelial cells of the mammary gland starting in late pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene-environment interactions, sunlight and vitamin D, and T lymphocytes as autoimmune disease initiators and vitamin D targets are discussed to explain the rationale for reviewing vitamin D mechanisms in T cells. (frontiersin.org)
Expression of p63 is almost exclusively restricted to epithelial cells, mutations in this gene are infrequent, and its expression is increased in a variety of solid tumors, particularly those of the head and neck area 12,13 . (bvsalud.org)

Immunodeficiencies are genetic diseases known to predispose an individual to cancer owing to defective immunity towards malignant cells. (biomedcentral.com)
As with all tumors, whether benign or malignant, the paradigm of comprehension depends on identifying the cell or cell layer of origin. (medscape.com)
Immunohistochemical identification of molecular genetic events in the progression of preneoplastic lesions to spindle cell squamous-cell carcinoma enables early detection of lesions with the potential for malignant progression, thus permitting timely intervention 1,2 . (bvsalud.org)
Studies suggest that expression of cystatin A is inversely associated with malignant progression of cancer 9 . (bvsalud.org)

Mouse hepatitis virus utilizes two carcinoembryonic antigens as alternative receptors. (uci.edu)
Clear cell acanthoma usually stains positively for epithelial membrane antigen and negatively for carcinoembryonic antigen. (medscape.com)

Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
Factors mandating cellular consequence include cell surface-receptors, cytoplasmic proteins, and nuclear proteins. (janechin.net)
and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell. (lookformedical.com)
Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. (lookformedical.com)
In addition, we introduced a second mutation in ORC2 in the ORC5 mutant cells, rendering both ORC5 and ORC2 proteins undetectable in the same cells and destabilizing the ORC1, ORC3, and ORC4 proteins. (bvsalud.org)
ATR/Mec1 phosphorylates a variety of proteins substrates after that, a lot of which promote DNA replication conclusion and therefore cell success (11, 12). (colinsbraincancer.com)
The effects of POP inhibition and knockdown on the proliferation of cultured human estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) MCF7 and T47D, and ER-negative (ER-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines and the MCF12A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line were tested by analyzing their influence on cell proliferation (WST-1 assay), cell viability (trypan blue exclusion assay), and cell cycle arrest (cell cycle analysis, cell cycle regulator proteins expression). (cancerindex.org)

Furthermore, silencing TNFRSF13B expression resulted in decreased colony formation of 22Rv1 and PC-3 cells through modulating the cell cycle and p53 signalling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
In this review, we highlight that many of the key regulatory pathways of the cell are recruited by motifs and that the ease of motif acquisition has resulted in large networks of co-regulated biomolecules. (biomedcentral.com)
However, in recent years, there has been increasing evidence that metformin exerts its anticancer effects through the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of tumor cell mitochondria, and metabolic pathways based on metformin targeting have only recently become the focus of intensive research. (spandidos-publications.com)
[7] The complex cell signaling pathways of multicellular organisms such as plants and humans can make understanding the mechanisms of this inherited process very difficult. (cloudfront.net)

Other markers, such as retinoblastoma and p53, may be related with early steps of carcinogenesis in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)

Radical prostatectomy is a common treatment for localised prostate cancer with intermediate or high risk of disease progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Background Hydrogen/oxygen therapy contribute to ameliorate dyspnea and disease progression in patients with respiratory diseases. (researchgate.net)

The mammalian cell is furnished with receptors linked to interactive series of cytoplasmic networks for controlling cellular processes. (janechin.net)

These factors couple extracellular signals to intracellular processes to determine cell cycle progression. (janechin.net)
Dysregulation of processes driven by these factors is a severe liability to the cell and therefore represents potential areas for therapeutic intervention. (janechin.net)
There is little understanding about how inflammatory cytokines mediate bystander effects, but questions in this area are important because of the pivotal contributions made by inflammatory processes to cancer initiation and progression. (aacrjournals.org)
It is noteworthy that several essential NER factors (RPA1C3, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and DNA ligase) also play independent functions in other crucial cellular processes, such as DNA replication and homologous recombination. (colinsbraincancer.com)
Uncontrolled cell proliferation is one of the greatest features of all tumor cells, and there is abundant evidence that blocking cell proliferation or cell cycle processes has the potential to alleviate or cure tumors [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)
DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)
Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) are the precursors of DNA synthesis, and their strict balance is critical for proper DNA replication and repair in cells [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Based on experimentally determined average inter-origin distances of â ¼100 kb, DNA replication initiates from â ¼50,000 origins on human chromosomes in each cell cycle. (bvsalud.org)
Thus, in human cancer cell lines, replication origins appear to be specified by highly variable stochastic events dependent on the high epigenetic accessibility around promoters, without extensive overlap between the most reproducible origins and currently known ORC- or MCM-binding sites. (bvsalud.org)
The ORC5-depleted cells show normal chromatin binding of MCM2-7 and initiate replication from a similar number of origins as WT cells. (bvsalud.org)
Yet the double mutant cells grow, recruit MCM2-7 normally to chromatin, and initiate DNA replication with normal number of origins. (bvsalud.org)
Thus, in these selected cancer cells, either a crippled ORC lacking ORC2 and ORC5 and present at minimal levels on the chromatin can recruit and load enough MCM2-7 to initiate DNA replication, or human cell lines can sometimes recruit MCM2-7 to origins independent of ORC. (bvsalud.org)
For instance, DNA replication and DNA damage checkpoints delay cell cycle progression until each chromosome is fully replicated and physically intact. (rupress.org)
Thus, the products of chromosome replication (sister chromatids) generated during S-phase must be identified over time until mitosis when sisters associate with the mitotic spindle and segregate away from each other into the newly forming daughter cells. (rupress.org)
Helix-distorting CPDs and 6-4PPs strongly block the progression of DNA polymerases, which causes prolonged replication fork stalling and formation of DNA strand breaks, eventually leading to cell death (7). (colinsbraincancer.com)
GSEA suggested that both DBF4 and CDC7 were positively correlated with cell cycle and DNA replication. (biomedcentral.com)
DNA replication is pivotal to tumor cell proliferation and is a fundamental process. (biomedcentral.com)
The DNA polymerase domain of pol(epsilon) is required for rapid, efficient, and highly accurate chromosomal DNA replication, telomere length maintenance, and normal cell senescence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (neb.com)
In the present study, replication factor c subunit 4 (RFC4) is a key potential target involved in NPC progression via bioinformatics analysis. (engineering.org.cn)

Although SAMHD1 is expressed ubiquitously throughout the human body, the molecular mechanisms regulating its enzymatic activity and function in non-immune cells are relatively unexplored. (oncotarget.com)
This study showed that YAP upregulation promoted CNV formation by upregulating the proliferation of endothelial cells, providing evidence for the molecular mechanisms of CNV and suggesting a novel molecular target for nAMD treatment. (molvis.org)
The process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events is called signal transduction. (screeninglibraries.com)
ar4280-S8.PDF (1.7M) GUID:?3B4F6A60-6238-4C1B-845B-025DC69E0C96 Abstract Introduction The attainment of remission has become an important end point for clinical trials in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), although we do not yet have a full understanding of what remission is at the cell and molecular level. (tech-strategy.org)
Adipogenesis has been extensively studied in mammals [ 7 ] and several cell and animal models have been successfully used to describe the chronology of the molecular events governing this process. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, unanswered questions relating to vitamin D mechanisms in CD4 + T cells are highlighted to promote further research that may lead to a deeper understanding of autoimmune disease molecular etiology. (frontiersin.org)

Although, non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) display antineoplastic effects by repressing tumor growth and angiogenesis both in cell line and animal models, their use as chemotherapeutic agents is awaiting further investigation. (frontiersin.org)
Transcriptional coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP) can promote the proliferation of multiple cancer cells, corneal endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, which participate in angiogenesis. (molvis.org)

An obvious requirement for the stringent control of cell cycle progression is the prevention of deregulated proliferation - loss of control may result in tumors and cancers. (janechin.net)
With the advancements in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, most prostate cancers are detected at the regional stages (clinically localised disease). (biomedcentral.com)

Since both natural supplements and direct regulation of PrP c expression contribute to inhibition of cancer progression and growth, we hypothesized that knockdown of PrP c could lead to an enhanced synergic effect on the inhibition of cancer growth by fucoidan. (iiarjournals.org)
Conclusion: Combination of fucoidan with silencing of PrP c has a synergic effect on the inhibition of HT29 colon cancer cell growth. (iiarjournals.org)
We previously showed that decreased ATR function engenders deep inhibition of NER particularly during S stage in a number of individual cell types (13, 14). (colinsbraincancer.com)
Interestingly, HOXA10 was confirmed as a downstream target of RFC4, and the overexpression of HOXA10 attenuated the silencing of RFC4-induced cell proliferation, colony formation inhibition, and cell cycle arrest. (engineering.org.cn)

This method allows studying the DNA repair capability in different types of human cells [ 11 ] and may be employed as a marker for genetic instability and cancer risk [ 12 , 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Immunofluorescent double staining was used to detect YAP cellular localization with CD31 (an endothelial cell marker) antibody. (molvis.org)

SAM domain and HD domain containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase) that inhibits retroviruses by depleting intracellular deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) in non-cycling myeloid cells. (oncotarget.com)
Abrogation of TGF beta signaling in mammary carcinomas recruits Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells that promote metastasis. (academicinfluence.com)

With antikeratin antibodies, the clear cell acanthomas stain for AE1 and AE3, but did not stain for CAM5.2. (medscape.com)
The specific induction of p21Waf1/Cip1 expression in response to gamma-radiation in cells containing p53 was also detected by these antibodies. (ox.ac.uk)
Finally, epitope mapping of the anti-p21Waf1/Cip1 antibodies using a peptide library covering the entire p21Waf1/Cip1 protein sequence indicates that two of the antibodies recognize a region of p21Waf1/Cip1 close to that bound by proliferating cell nuclear antigen. (ox.ac.uk)

The Host Cell Reactivation assay (HCR) allows studying the DNA repair capability in different types of human cells. (biomedcentral.com)
To clarify this issue, we decided to apply a transfection-based assay, named Host Cell Reactivation (HCR), to investigate DNA lesions removal efficacy in the presence of DDB2 Wt protein or DDB2 mutated one. (biomedcentral.com)
To stack buy Suffrage outside Suffragism: Women\'s Vote in Britain, of derivatives in which the applied house construct includes shown, the cell DNA can assay( notably between the chemical elements) a true nonsense normality. (scoutconnection.com)
Co-culture assay of MDSCs and CD8 + T cells was used to determine the immunosuppressive ability of MDSCs. (biomedcentral.com)

Both DBF4 and CDC7 may be potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for HCC, and high expression of DDK members predicts a worse prognosis in patients with HCC, which may be associated with high tumor cell proliferation rate. (biomedcentral.com)
However, most GEP studies have typically been performed on whole tissue samples, containing varying degrees of tumor cell content, which results in uncertainties in data analysis. (lu.se)

cadherin 2) are the most prominent members of the cadherin family of cell adhesion molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
Classical cadherins are cell adhesion molecules, which play fundamental roles in the development of multicellular organisms [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Both establish calcium-dependent homophilic cell-cell adhesion with their extracellular domains and are connected with catenins at their intracellular domains [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence has increased over the past two decades. (hindawi.com)
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of human malignancies, and its incidence appears to be increasing globally [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

GPC3 expression is significantly higher in LUSC (lung squamous cell carcinoma) than in lung adenocarcinoma. (biolifesas.org)
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in various morphological forms needs to be separated from other epithelial tumors for treatment modality selection. (cytojournal.com)
Methods: fifteen histological specimens of spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip were obtained from the Department of Oral Pathology, Bahia Federal University. (bvsalud.org)

The immune system plays a key role in surveillance against cancer, but some tumour cells evolve to escape immune elimination [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In this study, we investigated a plausible therapeutic synergism of a triple combination of CBD/CBG, curcumin, and piperine in the colon adenocarcinoma using HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. (frontiersin.org)
Our findings revealed that different genetic backgrounds of HCT116 and HT29 cell lines resulted in divergent responses to the combination treatments. (frontiersin.org)
Triple treatment showed synergism in terms of exhibiting anti-tumorigenic effects by activating the Hippo YAP signaling pathway in the HCT116 cell line. (frontiersin.org)

These drawbacks may be explained, at least in part, by the various phenotypes and histological characteristics of tumor liver cells and its microenvironment [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
TGF-beta and immune cells: an important regulatory axis in the tumor microenvironment and progression. (academicinfluence.com)

Possible mechanisms for overcoming the resistance of HPV-infected tumor cells to anticancer drugs will be discussed. (mdpi.com)
Fig. 1: Epigenetic mechanisms that maintain cell identities during development and throughout life. (nature.com)
[4] There are several mechanisms of TEI that have shown to affect germline reprogramming, such as transgenerational increases in susceptibility to diseases, mutations, and stress inheritance. (cloudfront.net)
In order to understand the development of adiposity, it is crucial to identify the factors and mechanisms that regulate the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of the vascular stromal fraction of the adipose tissue and its transformation into lipid-filled adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Research on vitamin D regulation of thymocyte selection, Th1 and Th17 cells, T-cell programed cell death, and T-regulatory (Treg) cells is summarized and integrated into model mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)

There have been several trials of mesenchymal stem cells injected intravenously, intrathecally or both in relapsing remitting and in progressive MS. Results suggest that mesenchymal stem cells can slow the progression of disease and might improve neurological function. (scientificarchives.com)
N-cadherin (N-cad, Cdh2) is initially expressed at the gastrulation stage when epiblast cells downregulate E-cad and undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (biomedcentral.com)
Carcinoma of cervix is classified as per the WHO classification into primary tumors which are predominantly epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors and tumor like lesions, mixed epithelial stromal tumors, melanocytic, germ cell, and lymphoid tumors. (cytojournal.com)

Recent studies demonstrated that piperine potentiates curcumin's inhibitory effect on tumor progression via enhancing its delivery and therapeutic activity. (frontiersin.org)
Therapeutic approaches that target the metabolism of tumor cells have been a popular research topic in recent years. (spandidos-publications.com)
Transplantation of glial cells or glial progenitors into the diseased or injured CNS can provide therapeutic benefits. (scientificarchives.com)
These results demonstrate that tissue-restricted human neural stem cells can serve as an efficient source for myelinating oligodendrocytes with therapeutic potential. (scientificarchives.com)
The potential therapeutic value of oligodendrocytes has been demonstrated in animal studies by transplantation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells purified directly from neural tissue. (scientificarchives.com)
B-cell lymphomas (BCLs) constitute a diverse set of tially identify new functional, diagnostic, and therapeutic tumors, both morphologically and clinically, that are mainly targets. (lu.se)

Electron microscopic studies demonstrate that these defective keratinocytes also contain defects in mitochondria and nuclear structures. (medscape.com)

Materials and Methods: PrP c expression was suppressed in HT29 human colon cancer cells by utilizing small-interfering RNA (si-PRNP), and cells were subsequently used to study the antiproliferative and anticancer effects of fucoidan treatment of HT29 human colon cancer cells. (iiarjournals.org)
Results: Fucoidan treatment significantly inhibited growth and reduced cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) expression in HT29 colon cancer cells. (iiarjournals.org)

Skin malignancies, Merkel cell carcinoma and rare appendageal tumors. (medscape.com)
This theory holds that tumors arise from 1 of 2 undifferentiated stem cells: the excretory duct reserve cell or the intercalated duct reserve cell. (medscape.com)
Conclusion: p63, p16, MIB, Cal A, Cys A are markedly expressed and p16 is strongly suppressed in oral cavity tumors, which suggests that the latter protein may play a role in negative regulation of cell cycle progression. (bvsalud.org)

Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)

Comparative biochemical studies of rapamycin and wortmannin on transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1)-mediated G(1)-S cell cycle progression in C3H-10T1/2 embryonic fibroblasts. (janechin.net)

Collectively, these findings suggest that SAMHD1 acetylation enhances its dNTPase activity and promotes cancer cell proliferation. (oncotarget.com)

The maintenance phase often involves a plethora of non-DNA sequence specific chromatin cofactors that set up and maintain chromatin states through cell division and for extended periods of time-sometimes in the absence of the initial transcription factors 3 . (nature.com)

In line with this observation, DCB-2 and Y51 are apparently capable of performing the reductive TCA cycle due to the possession of additional enzymes such as fumarate reductase and citrate lyase to potentially bypass the unidirectional steps of the conventional oxidative TCA cycle [14] (Figure 2). (screeninglibraries.com)
on genome sequence should be carefully addressed, as observed in Clostridium acetobutylicum where both functional oxidative and reductive TCA cycles were confirmed experimentally in contrast to the previous genomic interpretation [15]. (screeninglibraries.com)
However, the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway in tumor cells has also been implicated in lung cancer metabolism. (spandidos-publications.com)

Eukaryotic cells have thus developed the extremely conserved DNA harm response (DDR), a significant branch which (the S stage checkpoint) works to decelerate DNA synthesis, thus providing more possibility to mitigate the genotoxic implications of replicative tension. (colinsbraincancer.com)
DNA is wrapped into a DNA-protein complex called chromatin in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. (cloudfront.net)

Multiple sclerosis and T1D have distinct target organs, genetic risk factors, onset ages, and female to male ratios, but target organ-specific T cells as initiators unite these diseases. (frontiersin.org)

Excretory stem cells give rise to squamous cell and mucoepidermoid carcinomas, while intercalated stem cells give rise to pleomorphic adenomas, oncocytomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and acinic cell carcinomas. (medscape.com)
Squamous cell carcinomas arise from excretory duct cells, pleomorphic adenomas arise from the intercalated duct cells, oncocytomas arise from the striated duct cells, and acinic cell carcinomas arise from acinar cells. (medscape.com)

The mechanism and function of heterochromatin disruption in FSHD muscular dystrophy is another area of research, in which we perform single cell/nucleus analyses to isolate and characterize a small number of disease-driving cells and are developing 3D and tissue on a chip to measure intrinsic defects of FSHD and CRISPR-engineered mutant myocytes. (uci.edu)

The proliferation of choroidal endothelial cells (CECs) is one important step in the formation of new vessels. (molvis.org)
Among them, VEGF-A can promote the division and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and neovascularization and maintain the survival of new vessels. (molvis.org)

We previously reported the creation of viable cancer cell lines that lacked detectable ORC1 or ORC2 protein without a reduction in the number of origins firing. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, the ACR-induced reproductive toxicity is associated with a dramatic reduction in testosterone level due to disruption of the Leydig cells steroidogenic pathway [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

RFC4 knockdown induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and inhibited NPC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo . (engineering.org.cn)

The Warburg hypothesis was based on the metabolic differences between cancer cells and normal cells, and proposed that increased glycolysis by transformed cells conferred a bio-energetic advantage for survival over normal counterparts under anoxic conditions (Anghileri, 1983). (janechin.net)

Each stage of the cell cycle is profiled by distinct protein complexes and phosphorylation events. (janechin.net)
The N-terminal phosphorylation of RB by p38 bypasses its inactivation by CDKs and prevents proliferation in cancer cells. (nature.com)
On the other hand, C. tropicalis promotes p-Syk binding to PKM2, which results in PKM2 Tyr105 phosphorylation and PKM2 nuclear translocation in MDSCs. (biomedcentral.com)

TNF-α-mediated bystander assays used a murine coculture system of primary colonic epithelial cells and E. faecalis -infected macrophages ( in vitro ), with an interleukin 10 (IL-10)-deficient mouse model of colon cancer that involves long-term colonization with E. faecalis ( in vivo ). (aacrjournals.org)
The prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor SUAM-14746 attenuates the proliferation of human breast cancer cell lines in vitro. (cancerindex.org)
We have previously shown that fish primary preadipocytes differentiate into mature adipocytes in vitro and that these cells represent a very helpful model system to study adipose tissue development in fish [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Case reports in the literature report clear cell acanthomas with multiple lesions, (ie, polypoid clear cell acanthoma). (medscape.com)

In tissue culture IN showed no vital cytotoxic action in the amount of cell lines at doses under M. In vivo day by day injection of IN in mice with established prostate cancer xenografts led to a significant reduce while in the tumor growth price in association with an enhanced CTL response. (hifsignaling.com)
Taken with each other these observations propose that IN is usually a dual inhibitor of TGF and activin signaling that could possibly retard tumor growth and progression by means of activation from the immune response. (hifsignaling.com)
The G 2 gap phase further separates S-phase from mitosis, allowing for continued cell growth and maturation before cell division. (rupress.org)
Tryptophan is the only known substrate other than pyruvate that is used for fermentative cell growth in this organism [5]. (screeninglibraries.com)
In the 1920s, Otto Heinrich Warburg discovered that cancer cells, unlike normal cells, use the glycolytic pathway to obtain energy for growth even in the presence of oxygen, which is a phenomenon known as 'aerobic glycolysis' or the Warburg effect ( 9 ), and aerobic glycolysis is a common metabolic phenotype in NSCLC ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Growth inhibitor from BSC-1 cells closely related to platelet type beta transforming growth factor. (academicinfluence.com)
Transforming growth factor production by chemically transformed cells. (academicinfluence.com)
We also report that HSP70-2 plays an important role in cellular growth, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and tumor growth of breast cancer xenograft. (biomedcentral.com)
GPC3 overexpression can accelerate the growth of lung squamous cells and the occurrence of LUSC, highlighting its role in LUSC progression. (biolifesas.org)
We suggest that these network interactions serve to modulate growth and metabolism at the transcriptional level in order to balance nutrient demand with supply, to maintain growth homeostasis, and to influence cell fate. (engineering.org.cn)

Extracellular signals direct the cell-cycle 'engine. (janechin.net)

Zini et al reported a part for eNOS in germ cell degeneration following testicular ischemia reperfusion while in the rat, and advised that it was involved with androgen production. (hifsignaling.com)

Midline2 (MID2) is an ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzyme linked to tumor progression and a novel interacting partner of breast cancer 1, early-onset (BRCA1). (engineering.org.cn)

Anatomy17

Organisms12

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs112

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Phenomena and Processes74

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

PCNA6

Apoptosis18

Differentiation10

Genes15

Tumorigenesis5

Gene9

Malignant4

Carcinoembryonic2

Proteins9

Pathways5

Carcinogenesis1

Disease progression2

Receptors1

Processes5

Replication15

Molecular6

Angiogenesis2

Cancers2

Inhibition4

Marker2

Myeloid cells2

Antibodies3

Assay4

Tumor cell2

Adhesion3

Renal Cell Carc2

Squamous cell carc3

Tumour1

HCT1163

Microenvironment2

Mechanisms5

Mesenchymal3

Therapeutic6

Defective1

Colon cancer cells2

Tumors3

Protein expression1

Fibroblasts1

Cancer cell proliferation1

Transcription1

Oxidative3

Eukaryotic cells2

Genetic1

Carcinomas2

Nucleus1

Endothelial cells2

Reduction2

Arrest1

Survival1

Phosphorylation3

Vitro3

Lesions1

Growth10

Extracellular1

Germ cell1

Onset1