AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
MorbillivirusMorbillivirus InfectionsMeasles virusMeaslesMeasles VaccineDistemper Virus, CanineDistemperDolphinsParamyxoviridaeRinderpest virusHemagglutinins, ViralAntigens, CD46Subacute Sclerosing PanencephalitisVero CellsDistemper Virus, PhocineMediterranean SeaCercopithecus aethiopsViral Fusion ProteinsViral ProteinsFerretsPeste-des-petits-ruminants virusStenellaSeals, EarlessRinderpestReceptors, VirusPhocaVirus ReplicationAntibodies, ViralRNA VirusesMeasles-Mumps-Rubella VaccineNucleocapsid ProteinsVaccinia virusGenes, ViralVirus CultivationMolecular Sequence DataCell LineWhalesNucleoproteinsMumps virusRNA, ViralVirus SheddingAntigens, ViralDefective VirusesPhylogenyVirus DiseasesDisease OutbreaksAmino Acid SequenceCytopathogenic Effect, ViralDogsVirus Assembly
ParamyxoviridaeReported measles casesGenusInfectionRubeolaRubellaOutbreaksSubacute sclerosing paneViralInfectiousContagiousMumpsPneumoniaEncephalitisOutbreakRashCetacean morbillivirusRinderpest virusPrevent measlesComplicationsPathogensImmunizationDose of measles vaccineDiseasesCause of measlesRespiratoryEndemicParamyxovirusProteinsChildren with measlesComplication of measlesRecombinantSSPE2022PesteChickenpox virusFeline MorbillivirusParamyxovirusesDropletsImmunityInfectOccursCanine DisteNipahEpidemiologyHumansDeathsVaccine coverageIncidenceFamilyCases2018SpeciesSymptomsIllnessIncubation periodHumanAntibodiesMortalityVaricella-zosteSingle stranded1,000Immune system
Paramyxoviridae12
Reported measles cases3
  • Approximately one case of encephalitis [2] and two to three deaths may occur for every 1,000 reported measles cases. (cdc.gov)
  • Of the 557 reported measles cases, 232 (42%) were importations (median of 26 importations/year). (cdc.gov)
  • Of the 1,264 reported measles cases, 275 (22%) were importations (median of 45 importations/year). (cdc.gov)
Genus5
Infection32
  • Respiratory epithelium appears to be the major site of virus binding and subsequent infection. (medscape.com)
  • One rare long-term sequelae of measles virus infection is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a fatal disease of the central nervous system that generally develops 7-10 years after infection. (cdc.gov)
  • There have been sporadic reports of infections in pet cats in COVID-households, which demonstrates that cats are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and could act as virus reservoirs. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The risk of reverse zoonosis and the potential for the establishment of cats as a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 is unknown, warranting the investigation of the susceptibility of cats to SARS-CoV-2 infection and their capacity to transmit the virus to cats and other species as the pandemic progresses. (gla.ac.uk)
  • It is important to know a child is contagious about four days before the rash appears and can pass the infection to others before they even know they have measles. (texaschildrens.org)
  • HHV-3, also known as varicella-zoster virus (VZV), causes the primary infection chickenpox and the secondary reactivation disease herpes zoster. (medscape.com)
  • HHV-4, also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), causes the primary infection infectious mononucleosis , and it is implicated in various diseases, such as African Burkitt lymphoma , other immunoproliferative disorders, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)
  • Eleven cases of cetacean morbillivirus infection were recently confirmed by genetic sequencing, NOAA said, and 32 of 33 dolphins tested using various methods are confirmed or suspected to have been infected with morbillivirus. (the-scientist.com)
  • Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a slowly progressing fatal human disease of the central nervous system which is a delayed sequel of measles virus (MV) infection. (bgu.ac.il)
  • In some cases, measles could lead to the infection of the respiratory tract or other organs including the skin, Kidney, bladder and viscera (Koehlmoos, Uddin, & Sarma, 2011). (bestessaywriters.com)
  • In developing countries, the infection is particularly widespread: in Africa and Asia, measles remains among the ten most common infectious diseases. (prevent-and-protect.com)
  • Measles also causes an approximately six-week-long immune deficiency, which can lead to infection with further diseases. (prevent-and-protect.com)
  • CDV infection in dogs and ferrets has been used as a model to study measles virus infection. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
  • IMPORTANCE: The wide endemic range of mosquito-vectored flaviviruses-such as Zika virus and dengue virus serotypes 1-4-places hundreds of millions of people at risk of infection every year. (bvsalud.org)
  • In infection with the morbillivirus prototype measles virus (MeV), cellular and humoral immunity contribute to protection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults. (medscape.com)
  • Influenza pneumonia: Amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride are approved for the prevention and treatment of influenza A virus infection. (medscape.com)
  • The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). (lookformedical.com)
  • The route of infection is the means that viruses use to come into contact with susceptible people. (muysalud.com)
  • And children below the age of 5 are more likely to develop measles complications like pneumonia, encephalitis, ear infection, diarrhea etc. (kidsnaija.com)
  • Measles is an infection that affects the immune system, respiratory system, and skin. (kidsnaija.com)
  • But, even with the availability of vaccines that prevent measles in babies , a lot of children still die from measles infection. (kidsnaija.com)
  • Some babies receive passive immunity from their mothers through the placenta and during breastfeeding, but it's not always enough to protect them from measles infection. (kidsnaija.com)
  • From the above stages, we can deduce that measles last for approximately 3 weeks after infection. (kidsnaija.com)
  • Measles is an acute viral infection. (vinmec.com)
  • A measles infection can result in short- and long-term immune system dysfunction which can leave the child susceptible to other diseases early in life (which is in direct opposition to claims by anti-vaccine activists that it helps "boost" the immune system). (skepticalraptor.com)
  • About 1-2 children, out of 1000 who contract measles, may develop subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a rare chronic, progressive encephalitis that affects primarily children and young adults- it is caused by a persistent infection of the measles virus . (skepticalraptor.com)
  • The disease starts with measles infection , usually before the age of 2 years, followed by approximately 6-15 asymptomatic years. (skepticalraptor.com)
  • 2022, Afghanistan's Ministry of Public Health has reported a total of 81 277 suspected cases of measles infection with 401 associated deaths at a case-fatality ratio of 0.5%, as of epidemiological week 6 of 2023. (who.int)
  • 1 230 141 (10 803), 0.9%] with the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella infection in week 14. (who.int)
  • Fourteen months later, fatal encephalitis developed, A major characteristic of henipavirus infections is their suggesting either virus persistence or late onset of disease systemic spread, with evidence of infection in multiple or- symptoms ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Rubeola5
Rubella6
  • In 2020, an additional step towards measles elimination, the WHO updated its agenda to adopt the measles and rubella strategic framework 2021-2030 2030 aiming to support and provide guidance to the national stratiges plans [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In South Africa, the measles vaccine is available in single antigen formulation in the public sector or in combination format with mumps and rubella antigens (MMR) in private sector. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most times people confuse Rubella (German measles) with measles because both diseases are characterized by a red rash. (kidsnaija.com)
  • Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and COVID-19: a systematic review. (cdc.gov)
  • Immunization is recommended for all children, in addition to adults without evidence of immunity to measles, mumps, and/or rubella . (amboss.com)
  • The following individuals are at increased risk of acquiring or transmitting measles, mumps , and/or rubella . (amboss.com)
Outbreaks15
  • [11] By the late 1980s, however, measles outbreaks were still occurring among school-aged children who had received a single dose of measles vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • Since 2016, measles outbreaks have been reported across Europe, in Romania, Italy and France. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Outbreaks in the UK have been associated with imported measles cases and have been predominantly caused by the B3 and D8 genotypes. (gla.ac.uk)
  • South Africa displays intermittent measles outbreaks approximately six-yearly interspersed by inter-epidemic periods in which the country meets measles elimination targets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Measles outbreaks still occur in countries where vaccination coverage is low [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Post the introduction of the expanded programme of immunization, several measles outbreaks have occurred. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Extensive vaccination has significantly diminished the incidence of distemper virus but outbreaks among unvaccinated dogs and sporadic cases among vaccinated dogs still occur. (vin.com)
  • In the Philippines, decreasing routine vaccination coverage from 2007 to 2011 led to local measles outbreaks. (who.int)
  • These outbreaks emphasize the need for maintaining high levels of vaccine coverage and continued surveillance for circulating virus. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Despite the ongoing immunization progress in Nigeria, several sporadic cases and outbreaks of measles are still being reported annually, even among the immunized in the country. (getjournal.org)
  • Measles is an acute infectious disease caused by a virus and is prone to outbreaks. (vinmec.com)
  • Nevertheless, outbreaks do happen , usually due to an unvaccinated child, such as a recent case in Chicago, catching the disease in areas of the world where measles is still endemic and returning home to infect other unvaccinated children. (skepticalraptor.com)
  • In some human Nipah outbreaks, including the first one in Malaysia in 1999, pigs were an intermediate conduit of the virus from bats to people. (hexdigital.com)
  • Hendra virus outbreaks affecting horses and humans, Conservation of Australia, August 1994-May 2010* Horses, Humans, no. (cdc.gov)
  • Our sequencing of 5 isolates pus ) as the likely reservoir host, and HeV was subsequently from recent Hendra virus outbreaks in horses found no cor- isolated from 2 species of pteropid bats ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Subacute sclerosing pane2
Viral16
  • Measles is perhaps the most contagious infectious viral disease, with a basic reproduction number (R 0 ) estimated at between 12 and 18. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Viral replication occurs in the upper and lower respiratory tract and shed infectious virus can be detected in nasal washes, oropharyngeal and rectal swabs, and viral RNA is detectable in faeces and occasionally urine. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Measles, historically also called "big red" measles or "10-day" measles, is a viral respiratory illness. (texaschildrens.org)
  • A typical pathological feature of this disease is the presence of viral ribonucleocapsid structures in the form of inclusion bodies and the absence of infectious virus or budding viral particles. (bgu.ac.il)
  • Measles is a viral disease that was first described by Rhazes- a Persian Physician in the 10th century. (bestessaywriters.com)
  • The measles virus genome encodes 8 proteins, 6 structural proteins and 2 are responsible for viral entry. (bestessaywriters.com)
  • These proteins are the components of the viral envelope that together they mediate integration of the virus into the cells in the upper respiratory tract. (bestessaywriters.com)
  • While all antibodies selected viral escape mutations, the mutations selected by broadly neutralizing antibodies conferred less escape relative to those selected by narrow, virus-specific antibodies. (bvsalud.org)
  • The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. (medscape.com)
  • Measles is a highly infectious viral illness that remains one of the leading causes of death among children worldwide. (who.int)
  • Live attenuated viral measles vaccine - one dose given by the intramuscular or subcutaneous route, with opportunity for second dose at least one month after the first. (weebly.com)
  • Measles and chickenpox are acute infectious diseases of viral origin that usually appear during childhood. (muysalud.com)
  • Special Topic AIDS Servers Clinical AIDS and Patient Care Resources Clinical Trials Information Educational/Sociological AIDS Resources Legal Issues Surrounding AIDS Other Lists of WWW AIDS Sites Alternative Views of AIDS Usenet Newsgroups Related to AIDS Emerging Viruses Information/Research Other Health Organizations Disease Servers (Viral? (bio.net)
  • Importantly, this research was performed entirely using surrogate virus entry assays, negating the requirement for in situ derivation of a human-tropic PPRV and illustrating alternative strategies for identifying gain-of-function mutations in viral pathogens.IMPORTANCE A significant proportion of viral pandemics occur following zoonotic transmission events, where animal-associated viruses jump species into human populations. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The virus that produced these devastating symptoms, identified by scientists in 1999 and named Nipah after the village where it first appeared, is currently classified as a member of the Paramyxovirus family , one of The Viral Most Wanted . (hexdigital.com)
  • Viral infections are illnesses caused by a virus rather than bacteria or fungi. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
Infectious8
  • It is unclear whether infectious virus or defective particles are being secreted in breast milk. (cdc.gov)
  • 1 , 6 ] Persons with measles are usually considered infectious from four days before until four days after onset of rash with the rash onset being considered as day zero. (cdc.gov)
  • Measles is one of the most infectious diseases. (prevent-and-protect.com)
  • The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses ( PROVIRUSES ) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL). (lookformedical.com)
  • Of note, this study was undertaken in vitro, without generation of a fully infectious virus with this phenotype. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Recently, the Illinois Department of Public Health and the Cook County Department of Public Health confirmed that an unvaccinated individual was exposed to the measles virus internationally, and the infectious period for that individual was between 5 October through 13 October 2023. (skepticalraptor.com)
  • And because measles is so infectious, and there are large groups of unvaccinated children (either because parents refuse to get the vaccine or because the baby is under the age of 12 months), there is a high risk that one measles case can develop into a local outbreak. (skepticalraptor.com)
Contagious8
  • The most contagious period of measles is thought to occur four days before the development of a rash, and the aerosol droplets may hang in the air for up to two hours. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Measles is a very contagious disease and 9 out of 10 people who are not protected by having received the measles vaccine or the measles illness will get measles after being exposed to a measles case. (texaschildrens.org)
  • Measles is a highly contagious airborne disease that affects the upper respiratory tract. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Scientists say a highly contagious and lethal virus called cetacean morbillivirus is one of the biggest threats to dolphins and whales worldwide. (abcactionnews.com)
  • The virus is highly contagious and results in immunosuppression in the host. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This contagious virus had plagued our earth for over 1000 years, with an estimate of 300 million deaths in the 20th century alone. (students4sc.org)
  • Measles is very contagious and is spread by droplets from the nose and mouth . (muysalud.com)
  • The virus is spread through respiration (contact with fluids from an infected person's nose and mouth, either directly or through aerosol transmission), and is highly contagious - 90% of people without immunity sharing living space with an infected person will catch it. (skepticalraptor.com)
Mumps2
  • Some of the most threatening Paramyxoviruses to humans include Hendra virus, Measles, Mumps, Nipah virus, and Parainfluenza viruses. (hexdigital.com)
  • The Mumps virus spreads in droplets, while the Measles virus is airborne, meaning it can pass from person to person even when there is no physical contact between them at all. (hexdigital.com)
Pneumonia9
  • HPIV-3 is second only to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as a cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children. (medscape.com)
  • In United States, around 30% of measles infections in young children less than five years, lead to at least one complication such as diarrhoea, otitis media, pneumonia, encephalitis, seizures and death [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The differential diagnoses for the bronchointerstitial pneumonia include canine adenovirus-2 virus, canine parainfluenza virus, and Bordetella bronchiseptica . (vin.com)
  • The most common complications from measles include pneumonia and encephalitis. (bestessaywriters.com)
  • Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is second in importance only to RSV as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants younger than 6 months. (medscape.com)
  • Viruses account for the largest proportion of childhood pneumonia. (medscape.com)
  • Severe pneumonia: Occurs in about 1 in 20 cases of measles, can lead to death. (vinmec.com)
  • As many as 1 out of every 20 children with measles gets pneumonia. (skepticalraptor.com)
  • Measles causes transient immunosuppression and may lead to serious complications such as encephalitis , otitis, or pneumonia . (amboss.com)
Encephalitis1
  • About 1 child in every 1,000 who get measles will develop encephalitis, an inflammation of the brain that can lead to convulsions, deafness, and other long-term neurological deficits. (skepticalraptor.com)
Outbreak15
  • Assessment of the risk of Ebola virus from the 2000 Sudan EBOV outbreak in Gulu, Uganda, transmission from bodily fluids and fomites. (cdc.gov)
  • This outbreak involved over 4,000 patient contacts and nearly 900 staff contacts from a single index case, culminating in 17 laboratory-confirmed cases of measles. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The rapid screening for antibody levels in the healthy population, such as health care workers, is important for quickly assessing the number of susceptible individuals when a measles outbreak occurs. (gla.ac.uk)
  • To track a virus outbreak among East Coast dolphins, scientists are tracing the social networks of these playful animals in the Potomac River and the Chesapeake Bay. (abcactionnews.com)
  • Wired Science says scientists do not yet know what caused the outbreak, though they speculate that dolphins may simply have lost their natural immunity to the virus since the last attack. (afloat.ie)
  • Nevertheless, there have been many incidences of measles outbreak in developed and developing countries. (bestessaywriters.com)
  • A team investigated a measles outbreak reported in Cordillera of the Philippines in May 2013. (who.int)
  • This measles outbreak occurred in an area with low immunization coverage. (who.int)
  • Also, the coverage of nationwide supplementary immunization activities targeting children aged nine months was 94-95% in 2007 but decreased in 2011, 5 probably leading to a measles outbreak in 2013. (who.int)
  • Editorial note the distribution of 593 measles case in the Eastern Mediterranean Region management kits across the 34 provinces in Measles is an endemic disease in further response to the outbreak and Afghanistan, and many countries in the COVID-19 in 22 EMR countries continues to monitor the situation closely. (who.int)
  • Phase one of the measles outbreak response concern annually across all regions of the country. (who.int)
  • The community was experiencing a measles outbreak, and the DRC Ministry of Health was working with DRC Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (FELTP), and CDC-Atlanta, to identify and test suspected measles cases in the community. (cdc.gov)
  • In an effort to end the outbreak, the investigative team made visits to households of individuals identified as having symptoms consistent with measles, for patient follow-up. (cdc.gov)
  • Increased monitoring of bat population sizes, virus first isolated in 1994 during an outbreak of respiratory dis- in bat populations, and virus characterization is necessary ease in horses at a stable in Hendra, a suburb of Brisbane, to better learn about trigger(s) for spillover events. (cdc.gov)
  • During the outbreak, all horses at Nipah virus (NiV) is the only other known species the affected property were tested. (cdc.gov)
Rash10
  • Measles is characterized by a prodrome of fever (as high as 105°F) and malaise, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, followed by a maculopapular rash. (cdc.gov)
  • The average incubation period for measles is 11-12 days [5] , and the average interval between exposure and rash onset is 14 days, with a range of 7-21 days. (cdc.gov)
  • The characteristic measles rash is unique, so many cases are diagnosed after a physical examination. (texaschildrens.org)
  • At least 80% of districts should investigate one or more suspected cases within a year and should report a non-measles rash illness rate of at least two cases per 100, 000 nationally [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Measles is one of the most readily transmitted communicable diseases and probably the best known and most deadly of all childhood rash/fever illnesses. (weebly.com)
  • Measles baby rash is often the first pointer to measles for some parents. (kidsnaija.com)
  • Always remember that measles is characterized by a flat or slightly bumpy red rash that starts on the forehead and then spreads to the neck, chest, back, soles of the feet, as well as other parts of the body. (kidsnaija.com)
  • Infected individuals can spread measles up to four days before and four days after a rash appears. (skepticalraptor.com)
  • What virus causes rash in adults? (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • For measles, the rash begins on the 4th or 5th day on the face and behind the ears, and then the trunk and extremities. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
Cetacean morbillivirus2
  • While cetacean morbillivirus does not pose a direct threat to humans, authorities are warning people to stay away from stranded dolphins because of the risk of dangerous coinfections. (the-scientist.com)
  • A myriad of stressors-ranging from environmental contaminants like PCBs, mercury, and antibiotics to known and emerging diseases like fungal infections, papilloma virus, and cetacean morbillivirus-has taken its toll on marine mammal populations, with no end in sight. (uga.edu)
Rinderpest virus4
  • Canine distemper virus is a morbillivirus that is antigenically related to the human measles virus, rinderpest virus in horses, and " peste de petit ruminants " virus in sheep. (vin.com)
  • Rinderpest virus infects cattle with an 80-90% mortality rate ANCHOR and symptoms include fever, discharge from nose and eyes, ulceration, diarrhoea and dehydration. (animalresearch.info)
  • Much of the success of the vaccination campaign was due to technologies developed to detect the presence of the rinderpest virus in populations and to differentiate between strains. (animalresearch.info)
  • The recent eradication of rinderpest virus (RPV) and the active campaigns for eradication of the human-specific measles virus (MeV) have raised significant concerns that the remaining morbilliviruses may emerge in so-called vacated ecological niches. (ox.ac.uk)
Prevent measles2
Complications6
  • Some people who get measles can suffer from serious complications and may need to be admitted to a hospital. (texaschildrens.org)
  • Forty years after the licensing of an effective vaccine, measles continues to cause severe complications and death in children in the world. (bestessaywriters.com)
  • Measles can lead to severe complications such as blindness, malnutrition, immunocompromised, susceptibility to illness and a high risk of death. (vinmec.com)
  • The danger of measles is the complications caused by the disease. (vinmec.com)
  • Complications acute otitis media: Occurs in 1/10 of children infected with measles. (vinmec.com)
  • About 30% of measles cases develop one or more complications. (skepticalraptor.com)
Pathogens2
  • Viruses are pathogens responsible for major epidemics throughout history. (muysalud.com)
  • Forty three countries performed standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for confirming suspected cases of pathogens such as Morbillivirus responsible of measles through the detection of specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and 30 countries had at least polymerase chain reaction (PCR) capacity for detection of influenza viruses. (bvsalud.org)
Immunization5
  • Measles is preventable by immunization with two doses of the measles vaccine. (texaschildrens.org)
  • Immunization strategies against this morbillivirus using recombinant adenoviruses expressing PPRV-F or -H proteins can protect PPRV-challenged animals and permit differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Achieving 95% measles immunization coverage and strengthening routine immunization strategies to address high-risk populations are recommended. (who.int)
  • Routine immunization coverage of at least 95% of infants is considered the most important strategy to control measles in the country. (who.int)
  • In fact, about 90% of children infected with measles are children under 9 months of age (who have not been vaccinated according to the National Immunization Schedule) so they are not resistant to the disease. (vinmec.com)
Dose of measles vaccine2
  • The epidemiology during the resurgence was characterized mainly by cases in preschool-aged children living in poor urban areas who had not been vaccinated on time with one dose of measles vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • Thirty-two (64%) cases were laboratory confirmed, and 36 (72%) received a single dose of measles vaccine. (who.int)
Diseases13
  • Interim guideline: case definition a case in which a baby was not infected by breast milk from recommendations for Ebola or Marburg virus diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • In regions with a large animal production sector, the viruses that cause these diseases have significant repercussions on the local economy and food security. (europa.eu)
  • Although it is significantly managed in the USA, measles is still one of the major fatal diseases in the world. (bestessaywriters.com)
  • Measles diseases occur worldwide - caused by a human pathogenic RNA virus. (prevent-and-protect.com)
  • The virus weakens the human immune system, which can lead to a number of diseases, including middle ear infections, inflammations of the respiratory tract or lungs. (prevent-and-protect.com)
  • Virus diseases caused by the HERPESVIRIDAE. (lookformedical.com)
  • A general term for diseases produced by viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Measles and chickenpox are similar childhood exanthematic diseases, however, they differ from each other. (muysalud.com)
  • The varicella and measles viruses are included among the main agents responsible for exanthematic diseases . (muysalud.com)
  • The pathogen responsible for measles and chickenpox is the factor that determines most of the differences between the two diseases. (muysalud.com)
  • Measles is caused by a species of Morbillivirus - a virus that causes gastrointestinal and respiratory system diseases and also weakens the immune system. (kidsnaija.com)
  • Because vitamin A helps the body fight against diseases and infections, a child who is vitamin A-deficient will not be able to repel the virus. (kidsnaija.com)
  • both diseases stem from the Varicella-zoster virus. (giantmicrobes.com)
Cause of measles2
Respiratory4
  • Chimpanzees, macaques, squirrels, owls, and rhesus monkeys have been asymptomatically infected with HPIV-3 or HPIV-4, and only marmosets have developed symptomatic upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) with HPIV-3 and Sendai virus. (medscape.com)
  • Exiting through epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract, measles virus is transmitted primarily through aerosols. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Distemper virus invades the upper respiratory mucosa, proliferates in lymphoid tissues, and becomes viremic. (vin.com)
  • The virus can spread between animals through inhalation of respiratory particles, direct contact (think: mother to calf), and exposure to mucous membranes or open wounds. (uga.edu)
Endemic4
  • In 2000, endemic measles was declared "eliminated 1 " from the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • It is likely that SARS-CoV-2 will establish as an endemic virus of humans, which has the potential to lead to reverse zoonotic infections in animals that live close to humans. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The WHO defined the elimination of measles as the absence of endemic measles cases in a certain geographic region for up to 12 months in the presence of a high-quality surveillance system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Zika virus and dengue virus are co-circulating flaviviruses with a widespread endemic range. (bvsalud.org)
Paramyxovirus1
  • The Paramyxovirus family has more than 75 viruses, most of which are within two distinct sub-groups. (hexdigital.com)
Proteins5
  • DNA vaccines formulated with the cationic lipid-based adjuvant Vaxfectin induce protective immunity in macaques after intradermal (i.d.) or intramuscular (i.m.) delivery of 0.5 to 1 mg of codon-optimized DNA encoding the hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) proteins of measles virus (MeV). (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The efficiency of viruses in cancer therapy is enhanced by proteins that mediate the fusion of infected cells with their neighbors. (elsevierpure.com)
  • There are two membranes that enclose the virus proteins. (bestessaywriters.com)
  • Proteins found in any species of virus. (lookformedical.com)
  • The genome of canine distemper virus encodes 6 structural proteins. (svupraha.cz)
Children with measles1
  • Nutrition: The nutritional status of children with measles can be affected by diarrhea and vomiting or anorexia because of mouth ulcers. (vinmec.com)
Complication of measles1
  • Blurred or ulcerated cornea can cause blindness, a very dangerous complication of measles. (vinmec.com)
Recombinant1
  • Recombinant measles virus encoding the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 efficiently induces Th1 responses and neutralizing antibodies that block SARS-CoV-2 variants. (cdc.gov)
SSPE2
  • Among persons who contracted measles during the resurgence in the United States (U.S.) in 1989-1991, the risk of SSPE was estimated to be 7-11 cases/100,000 cases of measles. (cdc.gov)
  • [4] The risk of developing SSPE may be higher when measles occurs prior to the second year of life. (cdc.gov)
20221
Peste2
  • Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) causes an economically important disease that limits productivity in small domestic ruminants and often affects the livestock of the poorest populations in developing countries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Seeking to assess the zoonotic potential of nonhuman morbilliviruses within human populations, we found that peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV)-the small-ruminant morbillivirus-is restricted at the point of entry into human cells due to deficient interactions with human SLAMF1-the immune cell receptor for morbilliviruses. (ox.ac.uk)
Chickenpox virus1
Feline Morbillivirus2
  • Our findings suggest that breast Cats with Feline Morbillivirus, milk is infected by EBOV at a later stage of the disease than United States blood but then follows the expected replication kinetics ob- served in venous blood. (cdc.gov)
  • Morbillivirus has strains that affect non-cetacean species, including other marine mammals such as seals and otters (phocine morbillivirus), as well as dogs (canine distemper), cats (feline morbillivirus) and cattle (rinderpest). (uga.edu)
Paramyxoviruses2
  • The first of these is called the Paramyxoviruses and the second is called the Morbillivirus group. (hexdigital.com)
  • Paramyxoviruses are tiny, spherical or irregular spherical enveloped virus particles, or virions, of about 150 to 300 nanometres in diameter. (hexdigital.com)
Droplets2
  • Infected saliva or droplets spread the viruses in the oral cavity. (medscape.com)
  • Measles is also able to 'hang' in the air for several hours, rather than falling to the ground in droplets, adding to its ability to invisibly infect multiple victims. (hexdigital.com)
Immunity6
  • Jerry Saliki, a virologist at the University of Georgia, blamed reduced immunity to the virus among dolphins. (the-scientist.com)
  • It thus appears that protective natural immunity to morbilliviruses requires both humoral and cellular components of the adaptive immune system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, relying on passive immunity is not an efficient way of protecting your child from the measles virus. (kidsnaija.com)
  • If passive immunity does not protect babies against the measles virus, then what does? (kidsnaija.com)
  • Survivors of Morbilliviruses often develop lifelong immunity against the virus. (kidsnaija.com)
  • Mothers that haven't been vaccinated would not have any immunity against measles, hence, their infants are at a high risk of having measles. (kidsnaija.com)
Infect2
  • One of the reasons that Nipah virus is considered such a serious potential threat is its ability to infect cells that have ephrin-B receptors - receptors that regulate what gets in or out of cells that line the central nervous system and vital organs. (hexdigital.com)
  • Hendra virus has so far only been found to infect humans after it has first passed through horses. (hexdigital.com)
Occurs3
  • The transmission of measles occurs mainly from person to person and through direct or indirect contact with contaminated surfaces. (prevent-and-protect.com)
  • Diarrhea and vomiting caused by measles: Usually occurs in young children, especially infants. (vinmec.com)
  • Measles typically occurs in regions with low vaccination rates and in resource-limited countries. (amboss.com)
Canine Diste9
  • Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an enveloped negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that produces multi-systemic disease in dogs and other terrestrial carnivores [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on the phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin (H) gene sequences and their variability, canine distemper virus is classified into genetic lineages. (svupraha.cz)
  • At least 17 well-defined canine distemper virus lineages have been identified worldwide, designated as America-1 (vaccine strains), America 2-5, Europe 1 / South America, Europe 2 / wildlife, Europe 3 / Arctic like, America1 / Europe , Asia 1-4, Rockborn like virus, South Africa and South America 2 and 3. (svupraha.cz)
  • Monitoring the presence of canine distemper virus and characterization of the isolates makes it possible to elucidate the routes of spread of the virus in wild carnivore populations in different regions of Europe and at the same time makes it possible to detect interspecies and wild-to-domestic and wild-type transmissions. (svupraha.cz)
  • To identify molecular determinants that control F refolding, we generated F chimeras between measles virus (MeV) and canine distemper virus (CDV). (unibe.ch)
  • A quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed canine distemper virus presence in peripheral blood samples from asymptomatic and non vaccinated dogs. (scielo.br)
  • Canine distemper virus vaccine samples in VERO cells were used as positive controls. (scielo.br)
  • Primers were designed for canine distemper virus nucleocapsid protein coding region fragment amplification (84 bp). (scielo.br)
  • Quantitative results of real time PCR generated by ABI Prism 7000 SDS Software showed that 54.5% of dogs with asymptomatic canine distemper were positive for canine distemper virus. (scielo.br)
Nipah3
  • HPIV is closely related to Hendra virus, Nipah virus, and metapneumoviruses. (medscape.com)
  • This was how in 1998, on one particular farm in the town of Kampung Sungai Nipah, a fruit bat carrying a virus was able to pass it on to pigs who ate its leftovers. (hexdigital.com)
  • Bats are the key accomplices of Nipah virus and Hendra virus, but both have been known to use secondary accomplices too. (hexdigital.com)
Epidemiology1
  • This retrospective descriptive study reviewed measles surveillance data in South Africa for the period 2015-2020 to document the epidemiology of measles and the progress made towards meeting the 2020 measles elimination goal. (biomedcentral.com)
Humans4
  • Recently cat-to-human transmission was reported, demonstrating that a successful cross-species jump of SARS-CoV-2 into cats has the potential to expand the host range of the virus and generate an additional source of infections for humans and other species. (gla.ac.uk)
  • According to the Associated Press , the disease is like measles in humans. (abcactionnews.com)
  • This virus has 23 genotypes, with humans being its only reservoir. (muysalud.com)
  • It's a large and complex double-stranded DNA virus whose exclusive host is humans. (muysalud.com)
Deaths6
  • In the decade prior to the licensure of live measles vaccine in 1963, an average of 549,000 measles cases and 495 measles deaths were reported annually. (cdc.gov)
  • [8,9] Following implementation of a one dose measles vaccine program, there was a rapid and significant reduction in the reported incidence of measles in the United States through the 1980s, [10] resulting in declines in measles-related hospitalizations and deaths. (cdc.gov)
  • During 1989-1991, a resurgence of measles occurred when over 55,000 cases and 123 deaths were reported. (cdc.gov)
  • Measles was responsible for more than two million deaths annually [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • FLICKR, LOWJUMPINGFROG A spate of bottlenose dolphin deaths along the Eastern seaboard is likely due to a morbillivirus, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). (the-scientist.com)
  • 2 In 2012, an estimated 122 000 deaths caused by measles infections were reported globally. (who.int)
Vaccine coverage2
Incidence1
Family2
  • Herpesvirus family members are icosahedral DNA viruses. (medscape.com)
  • On the other hand, the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) belonging to the Herperviridae family is the causative agent of chickenpox . (muysalud.com)
Cases22
  • [7] However, almost every American was affected by measles during their lifetime, and it is estimated that 3-4 million measles cases occurred each year. (cdc.gov)
  • [12] Following the resurgence, a commitment of resources for improved implementation of the timely administration of the first dose of the vaccine, and increased implementation of two doses among school-aged children, led to further declines in measles cases. (cdc.gov)
  • During 2001-2008, 557 measles cases were reported in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • [14,15] The median number of measles cases reported per year was 56 (range: 37-140 cases/year). (cdc.gov)
  • In comparison, during 2009-2014, 1,264 measles cases were reported in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • The median number of measles cases reported per year was 130 (range: 55-667 cases/year). (cdc.gov)
  • As you may have seen in the news recently, health officials in Houston confirmed new cases of measles. (texaschildrens.org)
  • A total of 22,578 specimens were tested over the period 2015-2020 yielding 401 (1.8%) confirmed measles cases, 321 (1.4%) compatible and 21,856 (96.8%) discarded cases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the past one decade, annual reports on measles have decreased by 77% that is from 146 per million populations to 33 cases per million people. (bestessaywriters.com)
  • The CDC recommends that healthcare providers report suspected measles cases to their local health department within 24 hours. (prevent-and-protect.com)
  • Studies on community-acquired pneumonias consistently demonstrate viruses to be the second most common etiologic cause (behind Streptococcus pneumoniae ), ranging from 13-50% of diagnosed cases. (medscape.com)
  • Although the polio cases have decreased over 99% since 1988, with the irrational anti-vaccinationists and negligence towards this virus, even a single infected child is capable of risking the worldwide population, capable of mushrooming the cases to 200,000 each year . (students4sc.org)
  • A survey was conducted with the cases and caregivers to understand their knowledge and attitudes about measles. (who.int)
  • There were 50 measles cases identified with an age range from six months to 32 years (median: 16 years). (who.int)
  • 6 On 28 May 2013, the Philippine Event-based Surveillance and Response Unit received a report of 28 measles cases from the health officials of the Cordillera region that includes Benguet province and Baguio city. (who.int)
  • The investigation team verified the measles cases and their vaccination status by visiting the listed cases on site. (who.int)
  • All the 9 measles positive cases were from children ages 1 - 5 years with females being more infected than males in ratio 3:1, although without any statistical significance (p= 0.7735). (getjournal.org)
  • Out of eight Local Government Areas (LGAs) where FRI cases were sampled, only two of them (Eti-Osa and Lagos Mainland LGAs) account for the nine measles positive cases detected in this work. (getjournal.org)
  • It is however a possibility that the number of LGAs with positive measles cases could have been more than two if all health facilities in the sampled LGAs were selected for the work, but within the limit of available resources, all health facilities could not be sampled. (getjournal.org)
  • Ear infections occur in about 1 in 10 measles cases and permanent loss of hearing can result. (skepticalraptor.com)
  • Measles cases are being managed in health facilities across the country. (who.int)
  • 492 925 (686), 0.1%] response to the increase in measles cases as across 34 regions. (who.int)
20181
  • According to the WHO, more than 140,000 people are estimated to have died due to measles in 2018, of which at leastone-thirdd were in Africa [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Species3
  • The species is a close relative of canine distemper viruses and rinderpest. (bestessaywriters.com)
  • The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS , but whose true origin is unknown. (lookformedical.com)
  • While we can't catch measles from a stranded dolphin, we should be concerned that the declining health of this sentinel species may be a harbinger of future threats to ourselves and other animals. (uga.edu)
Symptoms10
  • Below is some additional information about measles, how it's contracted and spread, as well as signs and symptoms. (texaschildrens.org)
  • It generally takes from 7 to 14 days - but sometimes as long as 21 days - for a child to develop symptoms of measles after being exposed. (texaschildrens.org)
  • The following are the common symptoms and signs of measles. (texaschildrens.org)
  • The symptoms of measles may resemble other skin conditions or medical problems. (texaschildrens.org)
  • The goal of treatment for measles is to help decrease the severity of the symptoms. (texaschildrens.org)
  • The incubation period refers to the time it takes for the virus to colonize, reproduce, and cause the first symptoms of the disease. (muysalud.com)
  • In this regard, measles has greater transmissibility when the first symptoms of the disease appear and in the first 2 days after the onset of the eruption. (muysalud.com)
  • The symptoms that appear prior to skin lesions usually determine great differences between measles and chickenpox. (muysalud.com)
  • What are the symptoms of measles? (kidsnaija.com)
  • However, there are other signs and symptoms of measles that parents can look out for. (kidsnaija.com)
Illness3
  • Measles is usually a mild or moderately severe illness. (cdc.gov)
  • A person who touches a surface that has measles virus on it and then touches the eyes, nose or mouth, or a person who breathes the infected air can then get measles illness. (texaschildrens.org)
  • When measles was a common illness, it was mostly seen in the winter and spring. (texaschildrens.org)
Incubation period1
  • On the other hand, chickenpox has an incubation period of 10 to 21 days after colonization by the virus. (muysalud.com)
Human4
  • Related to human measles, morbillivirus can be fatal to dolphins by weakening their immune systems and allowing opportunistic agents to invade. (the-scientist.com)
  • The virus was isolated in 1954 in monkey and human kidney tissue by Enders and Peebles. (bestessaywriters.com)
  • The good news is that there has never been a case of cetacean-to-human morbillivirus transmission reported. (uga.edu)
  • Another is that human-made contaminants, such as mercury, which compromise the immune systems of cetaceans, could increase their vulnerability to morbillivirus. (uga.edu)
Antibodies10
  • The antibody-coated plates could detect the virus when presented with a sample from an infected animal and the virus-coated plates could detect antibodies from an immune animal. (animalresearch.info)
  • Both will have antibodies against the virus but telling these animals apart would provide a clearer picture of where pockets of the disease remain. (animalresearch.info)
  • An avenue toward development of more widely applicable vaccines and targeted therapies is the characterization of monoclonal antibodies that broadly neutralize all these viruses. (bvsalud.org)
  • We find that broadly neutralizing antibodies with potential as vaccine prototypes or biological therapeutics are quantifiably more difficult to escape than narrow, virus-specific neutralizing antibodies. (bvsalud.org)
  • Eliciting broad and potent neutralizing antibodies is an attractive goal for developing a vaccine to simultaneously protect against these viruses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we use deep mutational scanning to map how all possible single amino acid mutations in Zika virus envelope protein affect neutralization by antibodies of varying breadth and potency. (bvsalud.org)
  • Children get measles mainly due to lack of antibodies against the measles virus. (vinmec.com)
  • When a child is born until the 8th - 9th month, the child is usually given measles antibodies by the mother, but then the amount of measles antibodies transmitted by the mother will drop rapidly, if the child encounters the measles virus, the child will get sick. (vinmec.com)
  • On the contrary, if the mother has few antibodies against measles or the mother has no antibodies to measles, the baby will not be born with antibodies against measles passed on by the mother. (vinmec.com)
  • Mothers who have never had measles in their youth or have not been vaccinated against measles will not have antibodies to pass on to their babies. (vinmec.com)
Mortality4
  • Before the development of a measles vaccine in the 1960s, measles was a leading cause of morbidity and mortality [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • WHO reported in 2019 that measles' mortality rate surged by 50% between 2016 and 2019. (kidsnaija.com)
  • Thanks to active vaccination, the mortality rate from Measles has decreased significantly worldwide, every year about 100,000 patients die from measles, mainly children under 5 years old. (vinmec.com)
  • It's essential to supplement with vitamin A to prevent blindness as a result of measles, but it doesn't reduce mortality or prevent some neurological issues unless there is chronic vitamin A deficiency. (skepticalraptor.com)
Varicella-zoste1
  • In addition, the varicella-zoster virus is capable of crossing the placenta and even secreting itself into breast milk. (muysalud.com)
Single stranded2
  • The virus diameter is120-250 nm, and consists of single stranded RNA. (bestessaywriters.com)
  • The length of the single stranded, negative sense RNA genome of measles virus (MeV) is highly conserved at 15,894 nucleotides (nt). (cdc.gov)
1,0001
Immune system1
  • On inoculating the weakened form of the pathogen, the immune system is boosted to combat this very bacteria/virus if encountered in the future. (students4sc.org)