Modulation cell inhibitory receptors killer cells natural. Medical search. Frequent questions

Activating and inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) in haploidentical haemopoietic stem cell transplantation to cure high-risk leukaemias. (unige.it)

Hyperstabilization of T cell microvilli contacts by chimeric antigen receptors. (ucsf.edu)
Indeed, the use of check-point inhibitors, T cells with engineered chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and bi-specific T cell engagers (BiTE) showed impressive therapeutic potentials in the cure of advanced tumors and are currently being included in the in the armamentarium of clinicians [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Furthermore, the proliferation of Th17 cells and Th17‑associated cytokines, including interleukin (IL)17, IL23 and RAR‑related orphan receptor γt, was analyzed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (spandidos-publications.com)
Such immune dysfunction may be due to a disorder in thymic output function (in particular in young patients), which results in a lower level of naive T-cells in the peripheral blood available for an immune response to the proliferation and abnormal expression of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulation of the proliferation and differentiation of immune cells nuclear retinoid acid receptor.B group vitamins1. (eyesoftheelephants.com)
Proliferation and activation of viral specific immune cells its receptor.3. (eyesoftheelephants.com)
Gene transcription of proteins involved in T-cell proliferation, phagocytosis 10-Deacetylbaccatin III and cytotoxicity, regulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and modulate signal transduction.MineralsZinc1. (eyesoftheelephants.com)
Increase in T-cell proliferation.3. (eyesoftheelephants.com)
Regulation of nuclear factorthe nuclear retinoid acid receptor (68, 69) and regulates the proliferation and differentiation of immune cells 10-Deacetylbaccatin III and modulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines including TNF and IL 6 (70, 71). (eyesoftheelephants.com)
A novel surface molecule homologous to the p58/p50 family of receptors is selectively expressed on a subset of human natural killer cells and induces both triggering of cell functions and proliferation. (unige.it)
Allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions in humans: pretreatment of either the stimulator or the responder cell population with monoclonal anti-Ia antibodies leads to an inhibition of cell proliferation. (unige.it)
Increasing evidence indicates that EBV miRNAs target the host mRNAs involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and transformation. (ijbs.com)
This active form of vitamin D can inhibit immune cell proliferation, promote an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile, expand regulatory T cells, enhance glucocorticoid actions, increase glutathione production, and inhibit hepatic stellate cells. (springer.com)
Vitamin D inhibits proliferation and profibrotic marker expression in hepatic stellate cells and decreases thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats. (springer.com)
Transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed c-Myc as a new and direct downstream target of XBP1 for regulation of NK cell proliferation. (cancerindex.org)
TBR2 plays a role in brain development and is required for the specification and the proliferation of the intermediate progenitor cells and their progeny in the cerebral cortex. (thermofisher.com)
Results obtained indicate that both cannabidiol and Cannabis sativa extracts were able to halt cell proliferation in all cell lines at varying concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)
These compounds are almost structurally similar or possess identical pharmacological activities and offer various potential applications including the ability to inhibit cell growth, proliferation and inflammation [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
First, we are interested in Epstein Barr Virus-mediated mechanisms of immune evasion with particular emphasis on pathways that promote survival and proliferation of EBV B cell lymphomas, the characterization of the human T cell and NK cell response to EBV and the identification of novel therapeutics for treatment of EBV B cell lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)

It has long been suggested that HLA-G may inhibit maternal natural killer (NK) cells through interaction with particular NK cell receptors (KIRs). (ox.ac.uk)
Activating KIRs and NKG2C in viral infections: Toward NK cell memory? (unige.it)

Soluble factors released by immune, tumor, and stromal cells, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, adenosine, and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), not only inhibit NK cell functionality, but they additionally determine their conversion toward a non-cytolytic phenotype. (encyclopedia.pub)
Furthermore, HHV-6A induced PKA activity and phosphorylation of Sp1 in the NK cells, which may increase expression of KIR2DL2 and thereby inhibit NK cell cytotoxicity. (hhv-6foundation.org)
The authors also noted that the HHV-6A-induced expression of apolipoprotein E e4 may further inhibit NK cell function, in part by increasing PKA activity. (hhv-6foundation.org)
EBV miRNAs also inhibit the expression of viral antigens, thereby enabling infected cells to escape immune recognition. (ijbs.com)
This is supported by pharmacological targeting where the first-generation pan-BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1(+) displays anti-inflammatory effects and inhibit tumor cell eradication, while the novel bivalent BET bromodomain inhibitor AZD5153, which shows differential activity towards BET family members, does not. (frontiersin.org)
CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells lose their ability to respond to antigenic stimulation in the presence of HLA-G and differentiate into regulartory T-cells which inhibit other reactive T-cells. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)

However, our recent findings showed that mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and effector memory (EM) T cells are enriched in the IVB of term placentas ( 4 ), indicating that certain immune cell subsets are recruited to or retained in the intervillous space. (frontiersin.org)
Our results confirm a potential role of NK cells and the different subsets in the pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection. (who.int)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has impaired cellular immune response and circulating NK cells, NK subsets (in- the ability to establish chronic infection virus persistence [8]. (who.int)
Monocytes are a heterogeneous cell population comprising of at least three subsets: classical monocytes (CMo, CD14 high CD16- in humans, Ly6C high TREML4- in mice), intermediate monocytes (IMo, CD14 high CD16+ in human, Ly6C+TREML4+in mice), and patrolling monocytes (PMo, CD14 dim CD16+ in human, Ly6C-TREML4+in mice). (bmj.com)

Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are considered adjuvants in clinical trials of cancer immunotherapy. (aacrjournals.org)
Fig. 4: A lower level of CAR-mediated TROG-antigen expression was associated with improved clinical response to CAR-NK cell-based immunotherapy. (nature.com)
The role of PD-1 and PD-L1 in T-cell immune suppression and the potential for immunotherapy via blocking PD-1 and PD-L1 in hematological malignancies are also reviewed. (biomedcentral.com)
Among the different approaches of anti-tumor adoptive cell transfer, allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) represents the first and most consolidated form of immunotherapy on the basis of its graft versus tumor (GvT) effect. (biomedcentral.com)
However, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), which have produced unprecedented clinical benefits in a variety of different cancers, produce promising results in only some highly selected patients with PDAC. (biomedcentral.com)
This has led to the need for new immunotherapy-based approaches, including adoptive cell transfer (ACT), therapeutic vaccines, and novel immune checkpoint inhibitors. (biomedcentral.com)
The use of cell therapies, drivers of immune response, and trends in immunotherapy were the focus of the Immunotherapy Bridge (November 30th-December 1st, 2022), organized by the Fondazione Melanoma Onlus, Naples, Italy, in collaboration with the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
This has resulted in the development of additional immunotherapy-based approaches, including adoptive cell transfer (ACT), therapeutic vaccines, and inhibitors of other immune checkpoints. (biomedcentral.com)
The use of cell therapies, drivers of immune response, and trends in immunotherapy were the focus of the Immunotherapy Bridge (November 30th-December 1st, 2022). (biomedcentral.com)

Natural killer cells (NK) are innate lymphocytes endowed with the ability to recognize and kill cancer cells. (encyclopedia.pub)
In this review, we discuss the dualistic effects of histamine: how histamine affects inflammation of the immune system through the activation of intracellular pathways that induce the production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in different immune cells and how histamine exerts regulatory functions in innate and adaptive immune responses. (hindawi.com)
Overall, exploiting the impact of histamine on innate and adaptive immune responses may be helpful for understanding receptor signaling and trends during inflammation or regulation. (hindawi.com)
Vitamin D receptors are expressed on the principal cell populations involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses. (springer.com)
Kamen DL, Tangpricha V. Vitamin D and molecular actions on the immune system: modulation of innate and autoimmunity. (springer.com)
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that play a pivotal role in the immune surveillance and elimination of transformed or virally infected cells. (frontiersin.org)
Natural killer cells are cytolytic lymphocytes belonging to the innate immune system and are involved in anti-viral and anti-tumor responses ( 1 ) and are recognized as major players in immune-mediated anti-tumor therapies ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, NK cells are poised to release cytokines such as IFN- γ , TNF-α and growth factors that can initiate inflammatory responses mediated by both the innate and the adaptive arm of the immune system. (frontiersin.org)
Important insights into NK cell function in cancer eradication originated from the knowledge gained from mismatched NK cells in allo-SCT setting, where these innate immune effectors mediate a remarkable graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect towards tumor cells of recipient without attacking their normal tissues, thus limiting the onset of GVHD. (biomedcentral.com)

Their function is regulated by the activation of a number of activating and inhibitory receptors that bind to specific ligands expressed on the surface of target cells. (frontiersin.org)

To further our understanding of the state of ME/CFS lymphocytes, we characterized the role of fatty acids in isolated Natural Killer cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells in circulation and after overnight stimulation, through implicit perturbations to fatty acid oxidation. (bvsalud.org)
In particular, they regulate the function of natural killer cells and cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocytes and thereby contribute to effective viral clearance 10-Deacetylbaccatin III (78). (eyesoftheelephants.com)
A monoclonal antibody specific for a common determinant of the human T cell receptor gamma/delta directly activates CD3+WT31- lymphocytes to express their functional program(s). (unige.it)
Extensive lymphocyte severe infections is a massive loss of lymphocytes, den- apoptosis has also occurred in humans and animals infect- dritic cells, gastrointestial epithelial cells, and other cell ed with several exotic agents, including Bacillus anthracis , types through apoptosis, or programmed cell death. (cdc.gov)
These findings suggest that inter- the apoptotic destruction of lymphocytes and dendritic ventions aimed at reducing the extent of immune cell apop- tosis could improve outcomes for a variety of severe cells could have a particularly adverse effect on disease human infections, including those caused by emerging outcome. (cdc.gov)

Cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 + T cells are essential organizers of cell-mediated immunity, participating in each stage of the immune response. (spandidos-publications.com)
Based on their functional outcome, co-signaling molecules can be divided as co-stimulators and co-inhibitors, which positively and negatively control the priming, growth, differentiation and functional maturation of a T-cell response. (biomedcentral.com)
Histamine and its receptors represent a complex system of immunoregulation with distinct effects mediated by four GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors HRs 1-4) and their differential expression, which changes according to the stage of cell differentiation and microenvironmental influences. (hindawi.com)
In the immune system, Eomes controls the differentiation of effector and memory CD8+ T cells, as well as natural killer (NK) cells. (thermofisher.com)
We also found that IFN-IMos induced by short-term IFN-γ treatment robustly boosted NK cell expansion for threefold and promoted NK differentiation and function through IL-27 and CXCL9. (bmj.com)
Furthermore, we identified that FOXO1, a key molecule controlling cellular energy metabolism, mediated the effect of IFN-γ induced IL-27 expression, and that NR4A1, a key molecule controlling PMo differentiation and inhibiting cancer metastasis, inhibited the pro-NK cell and anti-metastasis activity of IFN-IMo by suppressing CXCL9 expression. (bmj.com)
Conclusions We have discovered the antimetastasis and pro-NK cell activity of IFN-IMo, identified FOXO1 as a key molecule for IFN-γ driven monocyte differentiation and function, and found NR4A1 as an inhibitory molecule for IFN-IMo activity. (bmj.com)
Organogenesis is a complex developmental process requiring hierarchical cell and tissue differentiation, coordinated in time and space in response to changes in local and distant signaling cues. (biomedcentral.com)

The α3-CD8 interaction holds the MHC I molecule in place while the T cell receptor (TCR) on the surface of the cytotoxic T cell binds its α1-α2 heterodimer ligand, and checks the coupled peptide for antigenicity. (wikipedia.org)
MAIT cells are an invariant type of T cell that respond to microbial derived metabolites from riboflavin synthesis presented by the non-polymorphic MHC class I related molecule (MR1) ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Evidence that lymphokine-activated killer cells express this molecule and use it in their effector function. (unige.it)

The present study investigated the expression of T helper (Th)17 cytokines in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and their clinical significance in providing new therapeutic insights. (spandidos-publications.com)
In conclusion, Th17 cells have a substantial impact on the carcinogenesis of LSCCs, and could serve as a potential therapeutic target to modulate the anti‑tumor response in these carcinomas. (spandidos-publications.com)
Therapeutic approaches that take advantage of the anti-tumor activities of NK cells, such as the adoptive transfer of genetically modified NK cells and the modulation of checkpoint molecules, turned out to be promising immunotherapeutic strategies to eliminate cancer. (encyclopedia.pub)
If this is confirmed, modulation of KIR2DL2 expression could represent a novel therapeutic target for AD, and anti-herpesvirus medications may be options to consider in those suffering from AD. (hhv-6foundation.org)
In the Roybal Lab we harness the tools of synthetic and chemical biology to enhance the therapeutic potential of engineered immune cells. (ucsf.edu)
Multidimensional control of therapeutic human cell function with synthetic gene circuits. (ucsf.edu)
Dendritic cells-based therapeutic approach may be a potential strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. (medsci.org)
Therefore, exploration of the interactions between the stroma and immune cells may offer new therapeutic opportunities for PDAC. (biomedcentral.com)

It was further demonstrated that Th17 cells could be induced and expanded in the tumor microenvironment through cytokines produced by the tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Unfortunately, exposure to tumor cells and to the components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) impairs NK-cell effector functions and makes them dysfunctional. (encyclopedia.pub)
Mechanisms of Natural Killer (NK) cell dysfunction within the tumor microenvironment. (encyclopedia.pub)
An additional inhibitory mechanism exploited by the tumor microenvironment is represented by the imbalance in immune checkpoint molecules, responsible for NK cell exhausted status. (encyclopedia.pub)

Murine PD-1 mRNA expression has been shown to be correlated with activation-induced apoptosis in a mouse T-cell hybridoma cell line and murine thymocytes [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Indeed, hypoxia, low pH, glucose deprivation, and lactate accumulation could determine both the inhibition of NK cell cytolytic activity and NK cell apoptosis. (encyclopedia.pub)
Inhibition of viral-induced cell apoptosis.3. (eyesoftheelephants.com)
Prevention of lymphocyte apoptosis, same process by which these cell populations are regulat- through either genetic modification of the host or treatment ed during normal health ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
acquired defects in the control of apoptosis may lead to a Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is the method variety of disease states. (cdc.gov)
For example, excessive inhibition by which tissue remodeling takes place during normal of apoptosis is an underlying mechanism of cancer, while growth and development and the physiologic mechanism an inappropriate increase is seen in some neurodegenera- by which labile cell populations such as gastrointestinal tive diseases and other conditions. (cdc.gov)

Fig. 2: Impact of antigen-induced self-engagement on CAR-NK effector cell phenotype and function. (nature.com)
Fig. 3: Impact of TROG-antigen acquisition on CAR-NK cell phenotype and function in vivo. (nature.com)
Activity and phenotype of natural killer cells in peptide transporter (TAP)-deficient patients (type I bare lymphocyte syndrome). (unige.it)
BC is a technique in which deletion of a key gene for the development of a specific lineage creates a vacant niche (organogenesis-disabled phenotype) that can be complemented by the progeny of wild type pluripotent stem cells injected into embryos at the blastocyst stage of development. (biomedcentral.com)
Transferred T cells that persist in the blood and form memory have a phenotype consistent with a less differentiated state (CD27/CD28/IL-7 receptor-α) [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We take a comprehensive approach to cellular engineering by developing new synthetic receptors, signal transduction cascades, and cellular response programs to enhance the safety and effectiveness of adoptive cell therapies. (ucsf.edu)

Thus, the function of the class I MHC is to display intracellular proteins to cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). (wikipedia.org)
Viral clearance regulation of natural killer cells and cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocyte functions.C group vitamins1. (eyesoftheelephants.com)
The immunosuppressive TME of PDAC is characterized by T cell exhaustion resulting in the loss of cytotoxic effector functions. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative properties of Cannabis sativa and its isolate, cannabidiol in cervical cancer cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
which allows the escape of tumor cells from Natural Killer Cell (NK) and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell destruction. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)

Moreover, treatment with imiquimod downregulated MHC class I molecules on tumor cells possibly resulting in a reduced binding affinity for inhibitory receptor NKG2A expressed on γδ T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
In addition, the low cytotoxicity of T-cells may be related to the high expression level of inhibitory molecules including programmed death-1 (PD-1), LAG-3 and NKG2A in CD8+T cells [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

However, staining in the presence of antibodies reactive with ILT receptors revealed that the interaction of HLA-G tetramers with blood monocytes was largely due to binding to ILT4. (ox.ac.uk)
Given the similarities between EBV-associated autoimmune diseases and cancer in terms of poor T cell surveillance of cells with EBV latency, expanded EBV-infected cells in peripheral blood and increased antibodies against EBV, we hypothesize that there could be a common etiology generated by cells with EBV latency that escape immune surveillance. (bvsalud.org)
Studies sug- terized by flow cytometry using anti between the immune response and the gest that HCV inhibits receptor genes in CD3, CD56 and CD16 monoclonal virus replication rate [5] and play a cru- the activation of NK cells [20], and the antibodies. (who.int)
Several protocols of adjuvant therapies based on NK cell allo-reactivity have been extensively used in clinics for both hematologic and non-hematologic malignancies either alone or in combination with antibodies and tumor-sensitizing drugs. (biomedcentral.com)

11 ] first reported the production and secretion of soluble LH receptor following transient transfection of a naturally truncated variant of the receptor in COS cells. (biomedcentral.com)

We examined samples obtained from at least 8 and as many as 20 subjects for immune cell fatty acid characterization in a variety of experiments and found that all three isolated cell types increased their utilization of lipids and levels of pertinent proteins involved in this metabolic pathway in ME/CFS samples, particularly during higher energy demands and activation. (bvsalud.org)

However, cancer renders NK cells dysfunctional, thus restraining the efficacy of cell-based therapies. (encyclopedia.pub)
Given the important role of both cytokine-mediated inflammatory microenvironment and cytolytic NK cell activities in immune-oncology therapies, our findings present a compelling argument for further clinical investigation. (frontiersin.org)

γδ T-cell cytotoxicity and granzyme A/B production were enhanced after pretreatment of tumor cells with TLR3 [poly(I:C)] or TLR7 ligand (imiquimod). (aacrjournals.org)
Nowadays, we are conscious that NK cells are key in anti-tumor immunity, given their potent cytotoxicity against cancer cells. (encyclopedia.pub)

A monoclonal anti-DC1 antibody selectivity inhibits the generation of effector T cells mediating specific cytolytic activity. (unige.it)
HLA-G inhibits (NK) cell and CTL-mediated cytolysis and T-cell proliferative response. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
HLA-G also exerts its Immunosuppression effect by allowing the cell surface expression of HLA-E through an indirect pathway, HLA-E inhibits NK and T-cells by interacting with their inhibitory receptors [2]. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)

Dysfunctional NK cells are defined by a limited release of effector cytokines and a decreased ability to kill malignant cells. (encyclopedia.pub)
Involved in modulation of inflammatory cytokines.3. (eyesoftheelephants.com)
Vitamin D receptors (VDRs) are expressed in a broad range of respiratory epithelial and immune cells and vitamin D activation is induced by cytokines and TLRs within the respiratory tract (79, 80). (eyesoftheelephants.com)
Methods We screened multiple inflammatory cytokines/chemokines activity of modulating PMo/IMo associated cell markers expression using human monocyte in vitro culture system. (bmj.com)
In turn, the immune system is known to influence nervous system function by cytokines and other peptides secreted by immune cells. (psychiatrictimes.com)

We are beginning to understand the power of co-inhibitors in the context of lymphocyte homeostasis and the pathogenesis of leukemia, which involves several newly described co-inhibitory pathways, including the programmed death-1 (PD-1) and PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Following activation, NK cells mediate killing of target cells through two major pathways that require direct contact between NK cells and their target cells ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
Some tumor cell-inherent resistance mechanisms, such as the tumor mutational burden and aberrant expression of oncogenic pathways, restrain antitumor immunity [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The earliest biochemical evidence on the existence of cell-free soluble LH receptor was the purification of an hCG-binding protein, relative molecular mass of 65K (M r , 65K) from porcine follicular fluid and was based on gel filtration followed by affinity chromatography [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, how a complex LHCGR protein, embedded within the membrane lipid bilayer, could be secreted as soluble receptor remained unexplained. (biomedcentral.com)
The suppressive effect is caused by the binding of both soluble and membrane bound HLA-G to inhibitory receptors of effector immune cells, especially the Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) expressed on (NK) cells [7]. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)

Agonists of these receptors stabilize the active conformation, whereas antagonists stabilize the inactive conformation. (hindawi.com)

In addition, PD-1/PD-L1 interactions contribute to functional T-cell impairment, which fails to elicit minimal residual disease and may be related to leukemia relapse. (biomedcentral.com)
Please see the Nature Portfolio Collection on Stromal-Immune Cell Interactions. (nature.com)
You will find recent research articles and reviews that discuss the players and factors involved in stromal-immune cell interactions in both health and disease. (nature.com)
The hormonal activation occurs through specific ligand-receptor interactions on the surface of the target cells. (biomedcentral.com)
This lack of efficacy may be because existing immunotherapies mainly target the interactions between cancer cells and immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Namely, cells with latency may evade the immune system in individuals with genetic predisposition to develop ME/CFS and in consequence, there could be poor CD4 T cell immunity to mitogens and other specific antigens, as it has been described in some individuals. (bvsalud.org)
Intriguingly, EBV miRNAs directly suppress host antiviral immunity by interfering with antigen presentation and immune cell activation. (ijbs.com)
The IRE1 endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor activates natural killer cell immunity in part by regulating c-Myc. (cancerindex.org)
Natural killer (NK) cells are critical mediators of host immunity to pathogens. (cancerindex.org)

Moreover, it has been demonstrated HLA-mismatched NK cells in haploidentical allo-SCT improve the overall survival of patients affected by acute myeloid leukemia by controlling tumor relapse without causing GVHD. (biomedcentral.com)

NK cells express a heterogeneous repertoire of chemoattractant receptors that are distinct for each cell subset, and thus differentially regulate the recruitment of each population to the tumor bed. (encyclopedia.pub)
A novel surface antigen expressed by a subset of human CD3- CD16+ natural killer cells. (unige.it)

The interaction of CD54 and the corresponding ligand CD11a/CD18 expressed on γδ T cells is responsible for triggering effector function in γδ T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Histamine, a biogenic vasoactive amine, causes symptoms such as allergies and has a pleiotropic effect that is dependent on its interaction with its four histamine receptors. (hindawi.com)

1991. Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls with Ah receptor affinity on lymphoid development in the thymus and the bursa of Fabricius on chick embryos in ovo and in mouse thymus anlagen in vitro . (cdc.gov)

Two-color analysis of the expression of Ly-49C/I on splenic NK cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Fig. 5: Expression of an iCAR by NK cells reduced fratricide and exhaustion induced by aCAR. (nature.com)
While the percentages of CD56 (dim) cells and their CD16 expression were lower in the chronic group, this was not statistically significant. (who.int)
While wild-type NK cells were able to effectively kill HHV-6A-infected T cells expressing the HLA-C1 allele, NK cells with KIR2DL2 expression were not able to do so. (hhv-6foundation.org)
Vitamin D ameliorates stress ligand expression elicited by free fatty acids in the hepatic stellate cell line LX-2. (springer.com)
Expression of Eomes in these cells correlates with high expression of CD122, the common beta-chain of the IL-2R and IL-15R. (thermofisher.com)
Moreover, the lack of a secreted form of the receptor was overcome by co-expression of hCG with the extra-cellular domain of porcine LH receptor leading to the secretion of a mixture of free as well as hCG-receptor complex [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally, the truncated Lhcgr, misrouted the full-length Lhcgr in ER, thereby decreasing the cell surface expression of the mature functional receptor. (biomedcentral.com)
instead, a specific intra-cellular role of truncated receptor in regulating the cell surface expression of a full-length ligand-binding Lhcgr has been proposed [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
They showed that melanoma cells were protected from NK cell mediated cytolysis by HLA-G expression. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
1994. Ah receptor in embryonic mouse palate and effects of TCDD on receptor expression. (cdc.gov)

Reduction in the normal levels of surface class I MHC, a mechanism employed by some viruses and certain tumors to evade CTL responses, activates NK cell killing. (wikipedia.org)

Macrophages and dendritic cells can produce 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D within the microenvironment. (springer.com)
Basis of treatment based dendritic cells to combat coronavirus infections is summarized. (medsci.org)

Tetrameric complexes of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G bind to peripheral blood myelomonocytic cells. (ox.ac.uk)
These HLA-G tetramers failed to bind to NK cells and cells transfected with CD94/NKG2 and killer immunoglobulin-like NK receptors. (ox.ac.uk)
The Ly-49 family of NK-cell receptors are disulfide-linked type-II transmembrane protein homodimers with extracellular carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRD) that bind to MHC class I alloantigens. (bdbiosciences.com)

In addition, the LSCC microenvironment was identified as a strong Th17-cell inducer. (spandidos-publications.com)

MHC class I molecules are one of two primary classes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (the other being MHC class II) and are found on the cell surface of all nucleated cells in the bodies of vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
Natural killer cells were first described in the late 1960s as cells capable of killing cancer cells without restriction by HLA molecules [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

In T cells, we characterized the cell populations contributing to these metabolic shifts, which included CD4+ memory cells, CD4+ effector cells, CD8+ naïve cells, and CD8+ memory cells. (bvsalud.org)
Trogocytosis is an active process that transfers surface material from targeted to effector cells. (nature.com)

IRE1α-XBP1 were essential for expansion of activated mouse and human NK cells and are situated downstream of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. (cancerindex.org)

A normal cell will display peptides from normal cellular protein turnover on its class I MHC, and CTLs will not be activated in response to them due to central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
We have characterized the T cell composition and chemokine profile in paired intervillous and peripheral blood samples from healthy mothers giving birth following term pregnancies. (frontiersin.org)
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and effector memory (EM) T cells were enriched in the intervillous blood compared to peripheral blood, suggesting that MAIT cells and other EM T cells home to the placenta during pregnancy. (frontiersin.org)
Furthermore, pregnant women had lower proportions of peripheral blood MAIT cells compared to non-pregnant women. (frontiersin.org)
The levels of several chemokines were significantly higher in intervillous compared to peripheral blood, including macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), CXCL10, and CCL25, whereas CCL21, CCL27 and CXCL12 were lower. (frontiersin.org)
The intervillous blood (IVB) is exchanged 2-3 times per minute ( 1 ), suggesting that the cell composition in IVB may reflect that of peripheral blood (PB). (frontiersin.org)
Flow cytometry was used to investigate the percentage of Th17 and Th1 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
The results revealed that the prevalence of Th17 cells in patients with LSCC was elevated in their primary tumors, as well as in peripheral blood, compared with that in healthy controls. (spandidos-publications.com)
The present study revealed that patients with LSCC have elevated levels of Th17 cells in their primary tumors and peripheral blood compared with those in healthy controls. (spandidos-publications.com)
Moreover, increasing data have shown that peripheral T-cell tolerance is an essential property of the specific immune response to tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Using exogenous stem cells to replace lost inner ear neurons is a potential strategy if stem cell-derived neurons can form central and peripheral connections, form synapses on hair cells and cochlear nucleus neurons, and re-establish functional and tonotopic circuits [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Considering these facts, it could be concluded that pro-inflammatory Th17 cells may have extensive effects on LSCC pathogenesis and anti-tumor response. (spandidos-publications.com)
Remarkably, EBV-encoded miRNAs are abundantly expressed in latently-infected cells and serve important function in viral infection and pathogenesis. (ijbs.com)

4. Ouwendijk WJD, Dekker L, Van den Ham H-J, Lenac Rovis T, Haefner E, Jonjic S, Haas J, Luider TM, Verjans GMGM: Analysis of virus and host proteomes during productive HSV-1 and VZV infection in human epithelial cells. (com.hr)

Consequently, adoptive transfer of autologous or allogeneic NK cells represents a novel opportunity in cancer treatment that is under clinical investigation. (encyclopedia.pub)
Indeed, adoptive cell transfer of allogeneic NK cells have been used for the treatment of leukemia, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular cancer, lymphoma and melanoma. (biomedcentral.com)

However, PDAC is characterized by an abundant tumor stroma that includes a heterogeneous mixture of immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, neurons and some molecular events. (biomedcentral.com)

When a cell expresses foreign proteins, such as after viral infection, a fraction of the class I MHC will display these peptides on the cell surface. (wikipedia.org)
Using a chemo-genetic approach, we identify BET bromodomain containing proteins BRD2 and BRD4 as central regulators of NK cell functions, including direct cytokine secretion, NK cell contact-dependent inflammatory cytokine secretion from monocytes as well as NK cell cytolytic functions. (frontiersin.org)
We demonstrate that recombinant LHCGR proteins which include the hormone-binding domain are secreted from transfected cells and that natural LHCGR is also secreted from human placental explants. (biomedcentral.com)
LHCGR recombinant proteins representing varying lengths of the N-terminal extracellular domain were expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells in suspension culture. (biomedcentral.com)
9] have done a great job discussing HLA-G proteins in cancer and how they provide tumor cells with an immune escape mechanism. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)

A general overview of the immune cascades triggered by histamine receptor activation is provided. (hindawi.com)

Paired-immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB), an MHCI-binding receptor, is involved in the regulation of visual plasticity. (wikipedia.org)
Regulation of DNA replication and cell division.4. (eyesoftheelephants.com)
Role in cell activation and regulation of cytolytic function. (unige.it)

Inflammatory conditions (e.g., allergy, asthma, and autoimmune diseases) have long been thought to be mainly mediated by the activation of histamine receptor 1 (H1R). (hindawi.com)
We show that both BRD2 and BRD4 control inflammatory cytokine production in NK cells isolated from healthy volunteers and from rheumatoid arthritis patients. (frontiersin.org)
In particular, NK cells mediate their cytolytic function through the engagement of activating receptors, such as NKG2D, DNAM-1, NKp30, NKp46, and NKp44 ( 3 , 4 ), or following pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulation ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)

T-cell activation and dysfunction relies on direct and modulated receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
Multiple mechanisms are implicated in such dysfunction, spanning from inhibition of recruitment to the tumor bed, activation of inhibitory processes, blowing up of activation signals, and deregulation of metabolism ( Figure 1 ). (encyclopedia.pub)
These two receptors are likely preferentially associated with each other, and when they are co-expressed, the inhibitory effects of KIR2DL2 override the activation of NK cells triggered by KIR2DS2. (hhv-6foundation.org)
Wherry and colleagues define the kinetics of vaccine-primed recall immune responses during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infection, highlighting rapid activation of memory T cells and broadly enhanced immune responses in previously vaccinated individuals. (nature.com)

In contrast, knockdown of BRD4 but not of BRD2 impairs NK cell cytolytic responses, suggesting BRD4 as critical regulator of NK cell mediated tumor cell elimination. (frontiersin.org)

These results suggest PirB may be involved in modulation of synaptic plasticity in the visual cortex. (wikipedia.org)

Unresectable recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) has a very poor prognosis. (mdpi.com)

It has been confirmed that naïve (uncommitted) CD4 + T cells can be induced to different specific lineages according to the local cytokine, including towards T helper (Th)1, Th2, Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The infiltration of multiple types of tumor-promoting immune cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and other immune cells, mediates immune evasion and tumor progression [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
8] reported that HLA-G has the capability to induce regulatory T-cells. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)

ABSTRACT Natural kil er (NK) cel s are key players in the immune response to viruses. (who.int)
This has been the result of improved understanding of the immune response to allograft and the development of increasingly specific strategies to protect a kidney transplant from the body's natural defenses while leaving the recipient protected from infection. (medscape.com)
We also study the logic of natural cellular signaling systems, and the underlying principles of cellular communication and collective cell behavior during an immune response. (ucsf.edu)
Impaired immune effector cell infiltration and inactivation of the immune response contribute to the poor prognosis of PDAC patients. (biomedcentral.com)

of various populations of NKR+ T cells whole blood were withdrawn from Natural killer (NK) cells are potent have been reported to be impaired in each participant on ethylenediamine- antiviral cells which eliminate the vi- chronic hepatitis C patients [16,21]. (who.int)
8. Piersma SJ, Brizić I: Natural killer cell effector functions in antiviral defense. (com.hr)

One is the ability to administer large numbers of highly selected cells with high avidity for tumor antigens that can recognize shared and patient-specific mutated (neo) antigens. (biomedcentral.com)
Others have reported that HLA-G antigens are expressed on tumor infiltrating cells and can be detected in the blood of cancer patients. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)

We further hypothesize about the consequences that these altered fuel dependencies may have on T and NK cell effector function, which may shed light on the illness's mechanism of action. (bvsalud.org)

In the early 80s' donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) with allo-activated haplo-identical cells from family members were infused in patients affected by hematological diseases or solid tumors. (biomedcentral.com)

Blocking of MIF or a combination of MIF, CCL25, and CCL20 in migration assays inhibited MAIT cell migration toward placenta conditioned medium. (frontiersin.org)
The potential factors involved in the migration of maternal immune cells to the placenta is still unexplored. (frontiersin.org)
It is normally expressed in placenta trophoblastic cells at the maternal-fetal interface [1]. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)

Successful TIL therapy starts with the identification, enrichment, stimulation, and expansion of potent tumor-reactive T cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Notably, 14/20 patients who exhibited worsening of clinical manifestations at one -year follow-up possessed this combination of NK receptors and HLA genotype, and the combination was also associated with significantly lower Mini-Mental State Examination scores at diagnosis of AD. (hhv-6foundation.org)
The major risk with these procedures is the development of GVHD and several precautions have been put in place to avoid this unfavorable clinical event, such as the infusion of CD3 depleted high pure NK cells or the selection of HLA matched donors [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Clinical activity of TIL therapy has also been reported in other cancer types, including human papillomavirus-associated cancers, cholangiocarcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). (biomedcentral.com)

These results suggest that the primary role of HLA-G may be the modulation of myelomonocytic cell behavior in pregnancy. (ox.ac.uk)
Miyake, K. & Karasuyama, H. The role of trogocytosis in the modulation of immune cell functions. (nature.com)
In order to study the possible role over Ficoll-Hypaque (density 1.077 production, and are the key players in that NK cells might play in the patho- g/L) (Amersham Biosciences) and immune responses to viruses [7]. (who.int)
Zolpidem during marijuana: a global impression-improvement items that this information regarding safety, carter ds, ghuran a neurodevelopmental role of receptor knockouts. (myjuicecup.com)
Dendritic cell as sentinel of the immune system plays an irreplaceable role. (medsci.org)
Cannabis sativa in particular cannabidiol, we propose it plays important role in helping the body fight cancer through inhibition of pain and cell growth. (biomedcentral.com)
Whatever the potential role of such that tip the balance toward or away from programmed cell strategies, improved understanding of the causes, time death. (cdc.gov)

Natural Killer Cells in Cancer: Mechanisms of Dysfunction" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/45851 (accessed November 29, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)

Satija and colleagues use multimodal sequencing technologies and cross-modality integration tools to define distinct subpopulations of CD8 + T cells that are predictive of COVID-19 severity. (nature.com)

Anatomy36

Organisms10

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs125

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes52

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Immunoglobulin-like receptors1

Chimeric antigen receptors2

Proliferation18

KIRs2

Inhibit6

Subsets4

Immunotherapy9

Innate9

Ligands expressed1

Lymphocytes5

Differentiation8

Molecule3

Therapeutic8

Tumor microenvironment4

Apoptosis6

Phenotype5

Signal transduction1

Cytotoxic5

NKG2A2

Antibodies4

Transfection1

Characterization1

Therapies2

Cytotoxicity2

Inhibits3

Cytokines5

Pathways3

Soluble3

Agonists1

Interactions5

Immunity4

Haploidentical1

Subset2

Interaction2

Affinity1

Expression11

Activates1

Dendritic cells2

Bind3

Microenvironment1

Molecules2

Effector cells2

Human NK cells1

Peripheral11

Pathogenesis2

Epithelial1

Allogeneic NK cells2

Heterogeneous1

Proteins5

Cascades1

Regulation3

Inflammatory3

Activation4

Cytolytic1

Synaptic1

Squamous cell carc1

Regulatory3

Immune response4

Antiviral2

Antigens2

Mechanism1

Lymphocyte1

Placenta3

Reactive1

Clinical3

Role7

20231

Distinct1