Mitotic gene cancers checkpoint kinase 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

These paclitaxel resistant ovarian cells demonstrate: (1) Increased IC 50 for paclitaxel and docetaxel (10 to 75-fold) and cross-resistance to anthracyclines (2) Reduced cell apoptosis in the presence of paclitaxel (3) Gene depletion involving mitotic regulators BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase, cyclin BI (CCNB1), centromere protein E (CENPE), and centromere protein F (CENPF), and (4) Functional data validating gene depletion among mitotic regulators. (biomedcentral.com)
In response to DSB formation, DNA-PKcs is recruited to DSBs by the DNA end-binding Ku70/80 heterodimer and is rapidly phosphorylated at multiple serine and threonine residues ( 1 , 2 ). (amegroups.org)
Catalytic domain of the Protein Serine/Threonine Kinase, Never In Mitosis gene A-related kinase 2. (umbc.edu)
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Never In Mitosis gene A (NIMA)-related kinase 2 (Nek2) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. (umbc.edu)
A family of highly conserved serine-threonine kinases that are involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. (lookformedical.com)
Mammalian aurora-A belongs to a multigenic family of mitotic serine/threonine kinases comprising two other members: aurora-B and aurora-C. In this review we will focus on aurora-A that starts to localize to centrosomes only in S phase as soon as centrioles have been duplicated, the protein is then degraded in early G1. (lookformedical.com)
A family of serine/threonine kinase Aurora constitutes a key regulator in the orchestration of mitotic events. (lookformedical.com)
NEK2 is a member of the NIMA-related family of serine/threonine centrosomal kinases. (oncotarget.com)
2016. In silico analysis of deleterious single nucleotide polymorphisms in human BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B gene. (ac.ir)

Indeed, both gene-specific knockdown and inhibition of GPER1 effectively restored normal centrosome numbers and karyotype stability in cells exposed to 17ß-estradiol, bisphenol A, or diethylstilbestrol. (bvsalud.org)
In this article, we review the association between DNA-PKcs and cancer development and discuss current approaches and mechanisms for inhibition of DNA-PKcs. (amegroups.org)
The future challenges are to understand how DNA-PKcs activity is correlated with cancer susceptibility and to identify those patients who would most benefit from DNA-PKcs inhibition. (amegroups.org)
Inhibition of DNA-PKcs activity via a small interfering RNA or a kinase inhibitor results in mitosis delay, abnormal spindle formation, and chromosome misalignment. (amegroups.org)
Combined Aurora kinase and EGFR targeting using a monoclonal anti-EGFR antibody was more effective compared to single EGFR and Aurora kinase inhibition. (oncotarget.com)
ATR inhibition prematurely activates FOXM1, deregulating the S/G 2 transition and leading to early mitosis, underreplicated DNA, and DNA damage. (elsevierpure.com)
Veuger et al (2003) Radiosensitization and DNA repair inhibition by the combined use of novel inhibitors of DNA-dependent protein kinase and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-I. Cancer Res. (tocris.com)
Inhibition of mTOR-kinase destabilizes MYCN and is a potential therapy for MYCN-dependent tumors. (icr.ac.uk)
These effects were associated with inhibition of the mitogen‑activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 and protein kinase B signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
The underlying mechanisms of these effects were primarily mediated by G 1 phase cell cycle arrest and inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulate kinase 1/2 (Erk 1/2) and protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)

Decreased expression of six RNA species was seen at various time points in all cell strains analyzed, these were: plasminogen activator (PLAT), centromere protein F (CPF), replication factor C (RFC3), thymidylate synthetase (TYMS), a putative mitotic checkpoint kinase (BUB1) and a gene of unknown function (GenBank accession number AI859865). (cdc.gov)

Many cancers show aberrant signalling via the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis, activating type 1 IGF receptors (IGF-1Rs) and variant insulin receptors (INSRs) to signal via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-AKT-mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MEK-ERK) [ 1 ]. (nature.com)

Gamma-Synucleins expression in breast tumors is a marker for tumor progression as mammalian gamma-synuclein was first identified as breast cancer-specific gene 1 (BCSG1). (wikipedia.org)
miRNAs expressed in a wide variety of human cancers can regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of the target mRNAs and act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate cell signaling pathways, affecting tumorigenesis and tumor progression [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
The role of the alternate G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression is unclear, not least because of conflicting clinical and experimental evidence for pro- and anti-tumorigenic activities. (bvsalud.org)
Centrosome defects are hallmarks of human cancers and contribute to ongoing chromosome missegragation and aneuploidy that manifest in genomic instability and tumor progression. (bvsalud.org)
Patients who are radioresistant respond poorly to RT and may experience cancer progression. (nature.com)
PIG3 knockdown led to an abnormal DNA damage response, including decreased IR-induced phosphorylation of H2AX, Chk1, Chk2 and Kap-1 as well as a prolonged G2-M arrest and aberrant mitotic progression. (ijbs.com)
Ovarian cancer is frequently sensitive to chemotherapy at diagnosis but rapid development of drug resistance leads to disease progression and ultimately death in the majority of patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Clinical studies indicate that expression and activity of DNA-PKcs is correlated with cancer progression and response to treatment. (amegroups.org)
There is a pressing need to improve therapy in particular for patients with metastatic disease or local recurrence, where the median progression-free and overall survival is only ~ 6 months and ~11 months, respectively [ 2 - 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
According to the PPI networks, five hub genes ( TPX2, KIF2C, CDCA8, BUB1B , and CCNA2 ) were identified as key genes associated with breast cancer progression. (biomedcentral.com)
The role of cell cycle checkpoint proteins is to integrate internal and external factors to determine whether the cell is prepared for progression of the cell cycle. (ptgcn.com)
Aggressive tumors typically demonstrate a high glycolytic rate, which results in resistance to radiation therapy and cancer progression via several molecular and physiologic mechanisms. (springer.com)
Furthermore, poorer prognosis in cancer patients who display a glycolytic phenotype characterized by metabolic alterations, such as obesity and diabetes, is now well established, providing another link between metabolic pathways and cancer progression. (springer.com)
NIMA is essential for mitotic entry and progression through mitosis, and its degradation is essential for mitotic exit. (umbc.edu)
An increase in the expression of the human NEK2 gene is strongly associated with the progression of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (umbc.edu)
Checkpoint control kinases is a term used to describe a group of enzymes that regulate progression of a cell through the cell cycle. (tocris.com)
STMN1 expression was associated with shorter progression-free survival and overall survival for all analyzed uterine cancer cases (Davidson and Micci 2017 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Phosphatase 1 Nuclear Targeting Subunit (PNUTS) Regulates Aurora Kinases and Mitotic Progression. (nih.gov)
In the presence of errors or damage during DNA replication, cell cycle checkpoint nodes and repair machinery work in concert to retard cell cycle progression until sufficient repair has been achieved. (bmj.com)
SAC signaling fires at unattached kinetochores, which are continuously generated during error correction, and is extinguished once all chromosomes are bioriented, thus resuming mitotic progression and chromosome segregation ( 3 ). (rupress.org)
Fig. 1 ), which in turn attracts to the kinetochore other SAC proteins that collectively prevent mitotic progression ( 3 ). (rupress.org)
Work across many laboratories is geared toward elucidating the genetics behind cancer, discovering cellular mechanisms that lead to cancer, and elucidating intracellular and intercellular interactions that allow this progression. (medscape.com)
In head and neck cancer, the histologic progression of severity from hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ to invasion provides a framework to understand the genetic progression of cancer. (medscape.com)

NEK6 belongs to the never in mitosis A (NIMA)-related kinases family and is a mitogen/threonine kinase with 313 amino acids. (hindawi.com)
Thus, ATR couples DNA replication with mitosis and preserves genome integrity by enforcing an S/G 2 checkpoint. (elsevierpure.com)
The Nek2 subfamily includes Aspergillus nidulans NIMA kinase, the founding member of the Nek family, which was identified in a screen for cell cycle mutants prevented from entering mitosis. (umbc.edu)
Aurora kinase C is a chromosomal passenger protein that interacts with aurora kinase B in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
An aurora kinase that localizes to the CENTROSOME during MITOSIS and is involved in centrosome regulation and formation of the MITOTIC SPINDLE. (lookformedical.com)
An aurora kinase that is a component of the chromosomal passenger protein complex and is involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
kinase in candida, is an important mitosis regulatory proteins encoded on human being chromosome 20q13.2 that induces oncogenic change followed with centrosome amplification and aneuploidy when over indicated SEMA3E in rodent cells and (6-8). (arcillaresearch.com)
At the onset of mitosis, centrosomes become the core structures of spindle poles and direct the formation of mitotic spindles. (biomedcentral.com)
In early mitosis, the cohesion between the two pairs of centrioles is broken and each of them participates in the formation of the mitotic spindle pole. (biomedcentral.com)
During mitosis the two centrosomes are present and form the mitotic spindle poles. (biomedcentral.com)
Luckily, eukaryotic cells not only possess an error-correction machinery deputed to rectify faulty attachments ( 2 ), but they also have a safeguard device, called the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), that temporarily halts cells in mitosis to provide them with the necessary time window to fix the errors. (rupress.org)

The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining, and transwell assay were employed to test the proliferation, apoptosis, migration ability, and invasiveness of COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
RT can directly induce cancer cell death through various mechanisms, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. (nature.com)
The p53-inducible gene 3 (PIG3) was originally indentified by Polyak et al in the analysis of p53-induced genes related to the onset of apoptosis ( 1 ). (ijbs.com)
In some p53 mutants, induction of cell cycle arrest, but not apoptosis was found to be associated with a lack of induction of PIG3 expression ( 2 ). (ijbs.com)
Additionally, PIG3 mediates cancer cell death through the GPx3 pathway, and knocking down PIG3 or blocking the interaction between PIG3 and GPx3 would abolish the increase in ROS and apoptosis ( 5 ). (ijbs.com)
Treating SCCHN cell lines with a pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor resulted in defective cytokinesis, polyploidy and apoptosis, which was effective irrespective of the EGFR status. (oncotarget.com)
Our results demonstrate that combined targeting of EGFR and Aurora kinases represents a therapeutic means to activate cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis in SCCHN. (oncotarget.com)
Moreover, decreasing this threshold with inhibitors of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members protein sensitized cells to p53-induced apoptosis. (arcillaresearch.com)
Many experts have observed which regucalcin inhibits Genetic make-up synthesis and also manages the gene expression of varied protein in connection with mineral carry, transcribing components, cellular spreading along with apoptosis. (pf-8380inhibitor.com)
To conclude, noise-induced OHC apoptosis and necrosis are modulated by caspases and RIP kinases, respectively. (colinsbraincancer.com)
Pristimerin has also been reported to induce apoptosis of various human cancer cells, including in multiple myeloma ( 10 ), breast ( 11 ), liver ( 12 ), pancreatic ( 13 ) and prostate cancer ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

During normal DNA replication, the checkpoint kinase ATR (ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related) is activated by ETAA1 to block this switch until the S phase ends. (elsevierpure.com)
The presence of replication stress activates the DNA damage response and downstream checkpoint proteins including ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related kinase (ATR), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), and WEE1-like protein kinase (WEE1), which trigger cell cycle arrest while protecting and restoring stalled replication forks. (bmj.com)

Inhibitor of checkpoint kinase CHK1 was identified as a top screen hit. (nature.com)
NU 7026 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). (tocris.com)
Moreover, the identification of fork protection as a key mechanism of resistance to chemo- and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor therapy in ovarian cancer further increases the priority that should be accorded to the development of strategies targeting replicative stress. (bmj.com)

Immunotherapy mainly includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as inhibitors of PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). (nature.com)

Genes that suppress carcinogenesis have been classified as gatekeepers that regulate cellular proliferation and cell death and as caretakers that are primarily encode DNA repair proteins required for the maintenance of genome integrity ( 15 ). (amegroups.org)
Several genetic alterations have been described in SCCHN, including mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and mutations in genes that encode cell cycle proteins such as p16 and cyclin D1. (oncotarget.com)
Cyclin-dependent kinases and tumor suppressor proteins are stimulators and modulators of cell division. (ptgcn.com)
The key role of checkpoint proteins is to detect DNA damage and send a signal to delay cell cycle advance until the damaged chromosomes are repaired (Figure 1). (ptgcn.com)
This domain occurred 424 times on human genes ( 985 proteins). (umbc.edu)
In normal cells, each stage of the cell cycle is tightly regulated, however in cancer cells many genes and proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle are mutated or over expressed. (tocris.com)
Therefore, this in silico study aimed to identify novel proteins, RNA interactions, and deleterious SNPs related to four major genes ( MSX2 , SHH , SMAD7 , TFAP2 ) involved in the odontogenesis process. (ac.ir)
Moreover, the potential deleterious SNPs in the selected genes were identified and finally, their validation and implications on the structure of proteins were investigated by specific bioinformatics tools. (ac.ir)
We also identified various SNPs in the investigated genes that changed the normal structure and thus the function of their related proteins. (ac.ir)
Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)

Mechanistically, (xeno)estrogens triggered centrosome amplification by inducing centriole overduplication that leads to transient multipolar mitotic spindles, chromosome alignment defects, and mitotic laggards. (bvsalud.org)
The abnormally high number of centrosomes found in many human tumor cells can lead directly to aneuploidy and genomic instability through the formation of multipolar mitotic spindles. (umassmed.edu)

The activity of NEK6 plays important roles in mitotic spindle kinetochore fiber formation, metaphase-anaphase transition, cytokinesis, and checkpoint regulation [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

These factors may cause mutations or abnormal expression of certain oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, leading to the occurrence or development of CRC [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes during in vitro Epstein-Barr virus infection. (pennmedicine.org)
p21 and other tumor suppressor genes' inactivation are therefore most likely involved in the first steps of the cancer model, with later stages possibly involving protooncogene activation and inflammation. (medscape.com)

It also interacts with other mitotic kinases such as Polo-like kinase 1 and may play a role in spindle checkpoint. (umbc.edu)

These checkpoints may stop the cell cycle after DNA damage, loss of DNA replication or disruption of the mitotic spindle, in order for repair processes to take place. (tocris.com)
DSBs not only ensue from normal cellular metabolism, in the form of reactive oxygen species that can oxidize DNA bases [ 1 , 2 ], but can also be generated during physiological processes like chromosome replication, meiotic recombination and DNA replication transcription collision [ 3 - 7 ]. (springeropen.com)

Your mitotic checkpoint kinase Mps1 was picked to educate yourself regarding whether enhancement inside genomic instability is a possible restorative technique. (pf-8380inhibitor.com)
Your basal-a subset regarding triple-negative cancers of the breast had been chosen as being a style technique as it has a higher chance associated with genetic fluctuations as well as Mps1 phrase can be up-regulated. (pf-8380inhibitor.com)
Prevailing models posit that a key trigger of SAC signaling is the phosphorylation of the kinetochore scaffold KNL1 by the SAC kinase MPS1. (rupress.org)

Those transformed cells form tumours when implanted in immunodeficient mice, indicating that the kinase is an oncogene. (lookformedical.com)
[ 1 ] Identifying candidate precursors or enabling genes may pave the way for cancer screening, as with the ret proto-oncogene and medullary thyroid carcinoma . (medscape.com)

For a cell to progress through the cycle and replicate, it must pass through checkpoints between phases to ensure that DNA is replicated correctly and that chromosomes segregate. (tocris.com)

Furthermore, DNA-PKcs is required to prevent mitotic catastrophe in response to DNA damage ( 13 ). (amegroups.org)

Previous evidence points to numerous components of the spindle assembly checkpoint and mitotic regulation playing a major role in several cancers [ 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Your second year builds on this knowledge and covers areas such as gene regulation, cell biology and metabolism. (kent.ac.uk)
Taken together, our results indicate that Tzfp recognizes a sequence-specific motif (tbs) and may play a role in the regulation of the genes carrying the tbs. (lookformedical.com)
Identification of gene expression profiles, RNA interactions, gene regulation patterns, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is important for determining the molecular mechanisms underlying the normal odontogenesis and the pathology of oral and dental disorders. (ac.ir)
This specific assessment discusses recent findings with regards to the potential function associated with regucalcin as being a regulation protein within the renal proximal tubule epithelial tissue.Mobile period checkpoint treatment is an efficient healing technique of cancer malignancy while put on sufferers predisposed to react and also the therapy is well-tolerated. (pf-8380inhibitor.com)

6, 9-13) Furthermore, AURKA overexpression overrides the mitotic spindle checkpoint and promotes level of resistance to paclitaxel Taxol. (arcillaresearch.com)

It also directly binds to BubR1, a kinetochore-associated kinase implicated in the mitotic checkpoint, the major cell cycle control pathway in which unattached kinetochores prevent anaphase onset. (rupress.org)
Thus, CENP-E is required for enhancing recruitment of its binding partner BubR1 to each unattached kinetochore and for stimulating BubR1 kinase activity, implicating it as an essential amplifier of a basal mitotic checkpoint signal. (rupress.org)

We have generated model systems to explore drug resistance in ovarian cancer, which have revealed a key pathway related to the spindle assembly checkpoint underlying paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
Lastly, through gene expression profiling we have demonstrated disruption of the spindle assembly checkpoint in the paclitaxel resistant cell lines, indicating a potential therapeutic pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), a key component of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway, is involved in DNA double-strand break repair, immunocompetence, genomic integrity, and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. (amegroups.org)
The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) is the key component of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway for DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and is required for cellular resistance to ionizing radiation (IR) ( 1 , 2 ). (amegroups.org)
After pathway enrichment and gene ontology analysis, the protein-protein, microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA, and miRNA-long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) interactions and networks were determined for the selected genes using integrated bioinformatics analyses. (ac.ir)
This is why this pathway if often regarded to be an error-prone recovery mechanism [ 2 , 13 , 14 ]. (springeropen.com)

Without CENP-E, diminished levels of BubR1 are recruited to kinetochores and BubR1 kinase activity remains at basal levels. (rupress.org)
CENP-E binds to and directly stimulates the kinase activity of purified BubR1 in vitro. (rupress.org)

The expression level of NEK6 in esophagitis tissue is similar to that in esophageal adenocarcinoma, and overexpression of the NEK6 gene increases in proportion to the severity of esophagitis [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
Ectopic kinase overexpression in any culture cell line leads to polyploidy and centrosome amplification. (lookformedical.com)

Works in various organisms have revealed that the kinase is involved in centrosome separation, duplication and maturation as well as in bipolar spindle assembly and stability. (lookformedical.com)
Multiple rounds of centrosome reproduction were blocked by selective inactivation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2-cyclin E (Cdk2-E) and were restored by addition of purified Cdk2-E. Confocal immunomicroscopy revealed that cyclin E was localized at the centrosome. (umassmed.edu)

This phosphorylation is regulated by the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and the Rad3-related (ATR) kinases in response to various genotoxic stresses, making it a critical regulatory element of DNA-PKcs ( 6 , 10 ). (amegroups.org)
DNA-PKcs activation, as monitored by DNA-PKcs phosphorylation, is physically and functionally associated with mitotic spindle formation. (amegroups.org)
Here we show that cells transactivate the mitotic gene network as they exit the S phase through a CDK1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1)-directed FOXM1 phosphorylation switch. (elsevierpure.com)
Moreover, results from Traditional western Blots exposed that HGP-1 could down-regulated the phosphorylation degrees of MET and ERK1/2 initiated by HGF, which recommended that HGP-1 could disrupt the activation of HGF/MET signaling to impact the cell activity. (arcillaresearch.com)

Recent studies have examined the consequences of epigenetic marks and cell cycle control, which has led to more research regarding cell division cancer, emphasizing the fact that the cell division process requires accurate checkpoints to avoid genetic damage. (ptgcn.com)
An important cellular period method that might be specific could be the mitotic gate (spindle construction checkpoint) which governs the metaphase-to-anaphase cross over as well as safeguards proper genetic segregation. (pf-8380inhibitor.com)
Obviously, chromosome segregation without error correction would be highly detrimental, leading to unbalanced chromosome numbers, referred to as aneuploidies, which are hallmarks of cancer and genetic diseases. (rupress.org)
This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
The multihit model postulates that several unique genetic mutations combine to cause cancer. (medscape.com)

It also highlights strategies for enhancing replicative stress in cancer cells to force mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (tocris.com)
Strategies that increase replicative stress while lowering cell cycle checkpoint thresholds may allow unrepaired DNA damage to be inappropriately carried forward in replicating cells, leading to mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (bmj.com)

Mammalian SNF5 is essential for normal cell viability, and loss or mutation of the human SNF gene is the molecular basis for familial malignant rhabdoid tumorigenesis. (umassmed.edu)

2. High accumulation of Cyclin B1 in the nuclei can be used as a marker for studying the G2/M phase (Figure 3). (ptgcn.com)
Also, the expression of Cyclin D should be decreased at the G2/M checkpoint (Figure 4). (ptgcn.com)
Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human breast cancer tissue slide using 55004-1-AP (Cyclin B1 Antibody) at a dilution of 1:200 (under 10x lens). (ptgcn.com)

Aiming to exploit this effect in therapy we performed a compound screen in five breast cancer cell lines with IGF neutralising antibody xentuzumab. (nature.com)
Immunofluorescent analysis of (4% PFA) fixed human breast cancer tissue using 55031-1-AP (KD/KO validated CDC25A antibody) at a dilution of 1:50 and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG(H+L). (ptgcn.com)
After cloning the antibody genes into an expression vector, this is then transfected into an appropriate host cell line for antibody expression. (cellsignal.jp)

Upregulation of Phosphatase 1 Nuclear-Targeting Subunit (PNUTS) Is an Independent Predictor of Poor Prognosis in Prostate Cancer. (nih.gov)

These drugs can cause mitotic arrest during which the pro-survival protein MCL1 is targeted for degradation by the pro-apoptotic protein NOXA. (villungerlab.com)
We now identified the E3 Ubiquitin ligase MARCH5 as a factor that controls the stability of the MCL1/NOXA complexes during mitotic arrest with dramatic effects on the survival of the cells during and after mitotic arrest. (villungerlab.com)

In this review, we discuss the changes in irradiated cancer cells and immune cells in the TME under different RT regimens and describe existing and potential molecules that could be targeted to improve the therapeutic effects of RT. (nature.com)
Paclitaxel is a frontline therapy used to treat advanced ovarian cancer, and in many instances, paclitaxel is combined with platinum based therapeutic drugs, such as carboplatin to improve overall survival [ 4 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
It can be applied to reveal highly correlative gene sets and explore potential biomarker genes or therapeutic targets according to the internal connectivity of gene clusters and the associations between gene clusters and phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
Elevated levels of replicative stress in gynecological cancers arising from uncontrolled oncogenic activation, loss of key tumor suppressors, and frequent defects in the DNA repair machinery are an intrinsic vulnerability for therapeutic exploitation. (bmj.com)

For example, in the hereditary cancer syndromes familial adenomatous polyposis or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, mutations have been discovered in the APC gene and DNA mismatch repair genes. (medscape.com)
Genes and family environment in familial clustering of cancer. (who.int)

These studies unveiled a novel function of DNA-PKcs in safeguarding the genome integrity and cancer suppression as chromosomal instability (CIN) plays an important role in cancer development and is a hallmark of cancer cells ( 14 ). (amegroups.org)
However, erroneous repair of DSBs can lead to chromosomal rearrangements and loss of heterozygosity, which in turn can also cause cancer and cell death. (springeropen.com)

Much is known about the control of the G 1 /S, G 2 /M, and metaphase/anaphase transitions, but thus far, no control mechanism has been identified for the S/G 2 transition. (elsevierpure.com)

Aurora kinases are found in all organisms in which their function has been conserved throughout evolution, namely the control of chromosome segregation. (lookformedical.com)

Differential gene expression in normal human mammary epithelial cells treated with malathion monitored by DNA microarrays. (cdc.gov)
Here inter-individual variations and commonality of gene expression signatures have been studied in normal human mammary epithelial cells from four women undergoing reduction mammoplasty. (cdc.gov)
The activity of NEK6 is enhanced in several cancer cells, including colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) cells. (hindawi.com)
RT-induced damage to cancer cells leads to different outcomes, such as survival, senescence, or death. (nature.com)
Furthermore, inflammatory mediators released by irradiated dying cells can attract and regulate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), further killing cancer cells. (nature.com)
One study reported an increased survival benefit with simultaneous RT compared with sequential administration, 8 while another study found no significant difference between the two strategies, 9 possibly because simultaneous RT plus immunotherapy and the administration of an ICI before RT may kill cancer cells as well a substantial number of immune cells, leading to poor systemic response and toxic side effects. (nature.com)
Cells were exposed to an incremental dose escalation of paclitaxel (2 nM) for approximately 2 passages, up to a final concentration of 25 nM, once paclitaxel resistance was achieved. (biomedcentral.com)
Polyploidization is a hallmark of cancer cells but also occurs during normal development in several tissues, e.g. in the liver. (villungerlab.com)
First, given evidence that IGFs regulate the response to IR, we also found evidence that IGF-1R depletion induced endogenous DNA lesions marked by γH2AX foci in prostate cancer cells [ 10 ]. (nature.com)
In wounded pores and skin solid upregulation of MMP28 happens in mitotic cells behind the improving wound edge however not in positively migrating keratinocytes which secrete additional MMPs such as for example collagenase stromelysin and gelatinase [10]. (biospraysehatalami.com)
however, the antitumor effects and underlying mechanisms of pristimerin in oral cancer cells have not yet been identified. (spandidos-publications.com)
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)

PIG3 knockdown can suppress intra-S phase and G2/M checkpoints ( 8 ). (ijbs.com)

The cell strains were obtained from the discarded tissues through the Cooperative Human Tissue Network (sponsors: National Cancer Institute and National Disease Research Interchange). (cdc.gov)
We are currently pursuing a number of these molecules in an effort to demonstrate their biochemical, structural and functional relevance in human cancers. (pennmedicine.org)
Our laboratory is involved in the elucidation of the mechanisms by which KSHV persists and establishes persistent infection in the associated human cancers. (pennmedicine.org)
Human ovarian cancer cell lines TOV21G (representing clear cell ovarian carcinoma) and TOV112D (representing endometrioid adenocarcinoma) were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA). The human ovarian epithelial-serous cell line COV504 was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). (biomedcentral.com)
To demonstrate the utility of CompNet, we have compared a (time-series) human gene-expression dataset, post-infection by two strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , overlaid on the human protein-protein interaction network. (biomedcentral.com)
its derivatives topotecan and irinotecan have already been used in pet models and medically to treat specific human TAK 165 malignancies [13], and various human cancers differ within their sensitivities to camptothecin-based chemotherapy [14, 15]. (arcillaresearch.com)
Background Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is amplified with varying occurrence in multiple human being cancers including mind and throat squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). (arcillaresearch.com)
Aurora Kinase-A gene is usually amplified and overexpressed in lots of human malignancies, including colorectal, breasts, ovarian, bladder, gastric and pancreatic malignancies. (arcillaresearch.com)
MYC oncoproteins deliver a potent oncogenic stimulus in several human cancers, making them major targets for drug development, but efforts to deliver clinically practical therapeutics have not yet been realized. (icr.ac.uk)

A direct link between DNA DSBs, genomic instability, and cancer is evidenced the fact that many cancer-predisposition syndromes in humans characterized by genomic instability are caused by mutations in DSB-responsive genes ( 16 , 17 ). (amegroups.org)
DSBs are cytotoxic lesions, which if left unrepaired could lead to genomic instability, cancer and even cell death. (springeropen.com)

In vitro, awareness to camptothecin provides been shown to alter significantly within a -panel of breasts and cancer of the colon cell lines [17, 18]. (arcillaresearch.com)

Highest ranked abstract, 5th European Breast Cancer conference, Nice, France, 2006Nominated for RCPath's Gold and Specialty Medial Awards 2009. (nottingham.ac.uk)

We analyzed the clinical data and performed immunohistochemistry for Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Aurora kinase A (Aurora-A) expression in 180 SCCHN patients. (oncotarget.com)
Comparing pan-Aurora kinase and Aurora-A targeting hints towards a strong and clinically relevant biological effect mediated via Aurora kinase B. Taken together, our findings characterize a new poor risk group in SCCHN patients defined by elevated EGFR and Aurora-A protein expression. (oncotarget.com)
Aurora kinase c. (lookformedical.com)
The zinc finger domain of Tzfp binds to the tbs motif located at the upstream flanking region of the Aie1 (aurora-C) kinase gene. (lookformedical.com)

Inter-individual variation of gene expression patterns in response to malathion was observed in various clustering patterns for the four cell strains. (cdc.gov)
Further clustering identified 3 genes with increased expression after treatment in all four cell strains. (cdc.gov)
Expression changes in all these genes, detected by DNA microarrays, have been verified by real-time PCR. (cdc.gov)
Differential changes in expression of these genes may yield biomarkers that provide insight into inter-individual variation in malathion toxicity. (cdc.gov)
We have generated paclitaxel resistant ovarian cell lines from their corresponding native cell lines to determine driver mechanisms of drug resistance using gene expression arrays. (biomedcentral.com)
These pre-clinical models were used to observe cytotoxicity, cell cycle modulation and changes in gene expression to examine the mechanisms driving drug resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
The gene expression profiles of GSE102484 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. (biomedcentral.com)
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to screen for the most potent gene modules associated with the metastatic risk of breast cancer, and a total of 12 modules were identified based on the analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the mRNA expression levels of these five hub genes showed excellent diagnostic value for breast cancer and adjacent tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) is a systematic biological strategy for evaluating gene association patterns among different samples [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
By constructing a gene co-expression network and identifying related gene clusters, the correlation between gene modules and phenotypes can be calculated based on phenotypic information, and the most relevant gene modules can be found. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, regucalcin gene expression is discovered for you to to be involved with a variety of pathophysiological declares, which include renal failure. (pf-8380inhibitor.com)

In colorectal cancer, multiple mutations are present. (medscape.com)
Although the exact process has not been elucidated, the sum of these mutations is believed to lead to cancer development in this model. (medscape.com)

Next, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were used to further explore the biomarkers with the most interactions in gene modules. (biomedcentral.com)
Five hub genes ( TPX2 , KIF2C , CDCA8 , BUB1B , and CCNA2 ) associated with the risk of distant metastasis were extracted for further research, which might be used as biomarkers to predict distant metastasis of breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
identified five genes as prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer, and Qiu et al. (biomedcentral.com)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

Mechanism of selective recruitment of RNA polymerases II and III to snRNA gene promoters. (icr.ac.uk)

Ovarian cancer is the leading gynecologic cancer diagnosed in North America and because related symptoms are not disease specific, this often leads to late detection, an advanced disease state, and the need for chemotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
Ovarian cancer is the most common gynecological cancer diagnosed in North America and has one of the lowest survival rates among all cancers [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy15

Organisms3

Diseases20

Chemicals and Drugs130

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Phenomena and Processes74

Information Science3

Health Care2

Serine10

Inhibition10

BUB11

Mitogen-activated protein ki1

Progression23

Mitosis11

Apoptosis11

Ataxia-telangi2

Inhibitor3

Inhibitors1

Proteins10

Spindles2

Cytokinesis1

Tumor suppr3

Interacts1

Replication2

Mps13

Oncogene2

Chromosomes1

Prevent mitotic1

Regulation5

Spindle checkpoint1

Kinetochore2

Pathway6

BubR12

Overexpression2

Centrosome2

Phosphorylation4

Genetic5

Catastrophe2

Mammalian1

Cyclin3

Antibody3

Subunit1

Arrest2

Therapeutic4

Familial2

Chromosomal2

Metaphase-anaphase1

CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION1

Cells12

Suppress1

Human9

Genomic instability2

Vitro1

Abstract1

Aurora4

Expression12

Mutations2

Biomarkers3

Cellular1

Selective1

Ovarian cancer2