• Identification of proteins interacting with the mitochondrial small heat shock protein Hsp22 of Drosophila melanogaster: Implication in mitochondrial homeostasis. (nih.gov)
  • Mitochondrial proteins are degraded by autophagy in aged cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Analysis of the ChChd3-binding proteins revealed that ChChd3 interacts with the IM proteins mitofilin and OPA1 which regulate crista morphology and the outer membrane protein Sam50 which regulates import and assembly of β-barrel proteins on the outer membrane. (sciencepop.org)
  • Knockdown of ChChd3 led to almost complete loss of both mitofilin and Sam50 proteins and alterations in several mitochondrial proteins suggesting that ChChd3 is a scaffolding protein that stabilizes protein complexes involved in maintaining crista architecture and protein import and is thus essential for maintaining mitochondrial structure and function. (sciencepop.org)
  • Alternatively the top GTPase dynamin-related proteins 1 (DRP1/DLP1/DNM1) (5) along with fission proteins 1 homolog (FIS1) (6) for the OM have already been well characterized as the protein in charge of mitochondrial fission. (sciencepop.org)
  • Mutations in a few of these protein have been connected with devastating conditions such as for example neurodegenerative diseases cancers and type II diabetes (7 8 Although significant advancements have been manufactured in determining the protein involved with mitochondrial morphology and dynamics hardly any is well known about the proteins complexes that control the biogenesis of cristae and crista ARP 100 junctions (CJs). (sciencepop.org)
  • Proteomic research and hybridization tests determined ChChd3 as an extremely abundant proteins at synaptic membranes and in neurons of rat mind throughout the grey matter dorsal main ganglion and spinal-cord (16). (sciencepop.org)
  • Cells' status can be inferred by examining autophagy proteins such as ATG8, as well as measuring ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential. (nature.com)
  • The outer membrane encloses the entire mitochondrion and contains channels with TRANSPORT proteins to move molecules and ions in and out of the organelle. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
  • Mechanistically, both peptides caused a significant reduction at G0/G1 phase, in correlation with an augmented expression of the cell cycle inhibitory proteins p53, p27, p21, necrosis, exacerbated generation of reactive oxygen species and diminished mitochondrial membrane potential, all hallmarks of cellular stress. (nature.com)
  • The translocase is among the most abundant proteins in the mitochondrial internal membrane.2 Its abundance as well as the need for this transporter possess rendered it one of the better characterized members from the mitochondrial carrier (MC) family members which facilitate the motion of a variety of metabolites in and out of mitochondria.3 The translocase comes with an intimate relationship with an integral lipid in mitochondrial membranes cardiolipin (CL). (hiv-proteases.com)
  • The lipids of the Pralatrexate energy-minimized concatenated Personal computer membrane were then exchanged for any model mitochondrial membrane as explained above.34 The resultant system sizes were 65 nm × 65 nm × 14 nm containing 25 proteins and ~11000 lipids solvated by standard MARTINI water and neutralized by ~0.15 M NaCl. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Accumulation of APP across mitochondrial import channels, which varied with the severity of AD, inhibited the entry of nuclear-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunits IV and Vb proteins, which was associated with decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity and increased levels of H 2 O 2 . (jneurosci.org)
  • Induction of ER stress leads to upregulation of several genes such as Grp78, Edem1, Erp72, Atf4, Wars, Herp, p58ipk, and ERdj4 and leads to caspase activation, release of mitochondrial intermembrane proteins and dissipation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsim). (rowan.edu)
  • [22] A mitochondrion contains outer and inner membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers and proteins . (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent studies have identified the mitochondrial outer membrane proteins MOM19, MOM72, MOM38 (approximately ISP42) and p32 which have a role in initial steps of protein import. (nih.gov)
  • The first three components are present in a multi-subunit complex that catalyses recognition and membrane insertion of precursor proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Our data also suggest that there may be a net exchange of membrane material between mitochondria and plasma membrane, explaining the presence of some mitochondrial proteins in the plasma membrane. (ox.ac.uk)
  • An ubiquitous and conserved proteolytic system regulates the stability of mitochondrial inner membrane proteins. (silverchair.com)
  • In this review, we summarize some of the latest knowledge on mitochondrial dysregulation in major depression (depicted in Figure 1 ) and also discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction could instigate downstream changes in extracellular matrix proteins such as reelin, neuronal nitric oxide (nNOS), oxidative stress, and inflammation, and finally adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mitochondrial protein import machinery includes translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex, translocases of the inner membrane (TIM) complex, beta‐barrel pathway complex, the mitochondrial intermembrane space import and assembly (MIA) pathway complex, carrier proteins of the inner membrane and the TIM23 complex and sorting and assembly machinery (SAM) complex. (bvsalud.org)
  • Concanamycin a treatment causes loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. (elifesciences.org)
  • Mitochondrial protein degradation is not triggered by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential or oxidative stress. (elifesciences.org)
  • C ) Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential or oxidative stress does not activate autophagy-dependent Tom70-GFP degradation. (elifesciences.org)
  • These data suggest a role for caspase-9 and -2, Bcl-2 family members and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in loss of mitochondrial membrane potential during ER stress-induced apoptosis. (rowan.edu)
  • Cell Meter™ JC-10™ assay kits for measuring mitochondrial membrane potential. (stratech.co.uk)
  • Potentiometric dyes for measuring mitochondrial membrane potential. (stratech.co.uk)
  • Dual role of mitofilin in mitochondrial membrane organization and protein biogenesis" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
  • [10] Mitochondrial biogenesis is in turn temporally coordinated with these cellular processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Altered mitochondrial recycling, resulting from abnormal biogenesis/mitophagy cycles, coupled to decreased antioxidant capacity and hence unmitigated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, all result in impaired ATP synthesis and trigger energy deficits largely responsible for the progressive cellular dysfunction characteristic of aging [ 3 , 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Recent evidence indicates that SLP-2 is involved in the organization of cardiolipin-enriched microdomains in mitochondrial membranes and the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Two AAA proteases with catalytic sites at opposite membrane surfaces form a membrane-integrated quality control system and exert crucial functions during the biogenesis of mitochondria. (silverchair.com)
  • Inhibition of Autophagy Prevents Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS) Protection on Cardiac Myocytes Against Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Injury, Ca2+ Homeostasis and Associated Apoptosis. (abcam.com)
  • A distinctive feature of the early stages of apoptosis is the disruption of normal mitochondrial function. (stratech.co.uk)
  • During apoptosis, the process of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) represents a point-of-no-return as it commits the cell to death. (rowan.edu)
  • Furthermore, Tan IIA-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential changes were also further demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE), and flow cytometry methods. (hindawi.com)
  • Mitochondrial regulation of apoptosis further downstream was investigated, showing changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm, and enhanced activation of cleaved caspase-3 and Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). (hindawi.com)
  • Alterations in mitochondrial functions such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and membrane polarity, which increase oxidative stress and apoptosis, may precede the development of depressive symptoms. (frontiersin.org)
  • The numerous invaginations of the membrane are called cristae, separated by crista junctions from the inner boundary membrane juxtaposed to the outer membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cristae significantly increase the total membrane surface area compared to a smooth inner membrane and thereby the available working space for oxidative phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
  • For typical liver mitochondria, the area of the inner membrane is about 5 times as large as the outer membrane due to cristae. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cristae membranes are studded on the matrix side with small round protein complexes known as F1 particles, the site of proton-gradient driven ATP synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cristae and the inner boundary membranes are separated by junctions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The end of cristae are partially closed by transmembrane protein complexes that bind head to head and link opposing crista membranes in a bottleneck-like fashion. (wikipedia.org)
  • cristae or loss of cristae and reduced crista membrane. (sciencepop.org)
  • The inner membrane folds into cristae and contains many enzymes important to cell metabolism and energy production (MITOCHONDRIAL ATP SYNTHASE). (lookfordiagnosis.com)
  • These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, intermembrane space , inner membrane , cristae , and matrix . (wikipedia.org)
  • We offer a wide assortment of fluorescent probes for analyzing aspects of normal mitochondrial activity in live cells, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential and calcium flux. (stratech.co.uk)
  • Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed using flow cytometry. (nature.com)
  • The effect of reactive oxygen species on equine sperm motility, viability, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and membrane lipid peroxidation. (aber.ac.uk)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'The effect of reactive oxygen species on equine sperm motility, viability, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and membrane lipid peroxidation. (aber.ac.uk)
  • These include changes affecting mitochondrial DNA, membrane permeability, and increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (frontiersin.org)
  • The inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) is the mitochondrial membrane which separates the mitochondrial matrix from the intermembrane space. (wikipedia.org)
  • The region between the inner and outer membrane, called the intermembrane space, is largely continuous with the cytosol, while the more sequestered space inside the inner membrane is called the matrix. (wikipedia.org)
  • and mammals (1 2 Evolutionarily conserved large GTPases mitofusin1 and 2 (Mfn1 and Mfn2) located on the external membrane (OM)3 (3) and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) on the internal membrane (IM) and intermembrane space (IMS) have already been identified as essential modulators for mitochondrial fusion (4). (sciencepop.org)
  • Multiprotein complexes that mediate import and sorting of mitochondrial preproteins into one of the four mitochondrial subcompartments: the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the matrix. (bvsalud.org)
  • Lowering of mitochondrial activity and dysfunction are known to be closely related to cancer, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. (dojindo.com)
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction includes heritable diseases, acquired pathologies, and age-related declines in health. (biorxiv.org)
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the major intracellular lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (jneurosci.org)
  • However, the causative factors involved in the mitochondrial dysfunction in human AD are not well understood. (jneurosci.org)
  • The levels of translocationally arrested mitochondrial APP directly correlated with mitochondrial dysfunction. (jneurosci.org)
  • Collectively, these results suggest that abnormal accumulation of APP across mitochondrial import channels, causing mitochondrial dysfunction, is a hallmark of human AD pathology. (jneurosci.org)
  • Progressive mitochondrial accumulation of incompletely translocated APP caused mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired cellular energy metabolism. (jneurosci.org)
  • Yan W , Zhang T , Kang Y , Zhang G , Ji X , Feng X , Shi G , . Testosterone ameliorates age-related brain mitochondrial dysfunction. (aging-us.com)
  • Brain mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced testosterone levels are common features of aging in men. (aging-us.com)
  • Although evidence suggests that the two phenomena are interrelated, it is unclear whether testosterone supplementation ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction in the aging male brain. (aging-us.com)
  • These findings suggest that testosterone supplementation may be a viable approach to ameliorating brain mitochondrial dysfunction and thus prevent or treat cognitive-behavioral deficits and neurodegenerative conditions associated with aging. (aging-us.com)
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common feature of normal aging and is closely associated with the development of age-related neurodegenerative disease [ 1 - 3 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Notwithstanding, there is a paucity of research on the effects of testosterone supplementation on age-related mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain. (aging-us.com)
  • In this paper, we make the case that mitochondrial dysfunction could play an important role in the pathophysiology of depression. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, the data in relation to antidepressant drug effects are contradictory: some studies reveal they have no effect on mitochondrial function or even potentiate dysfunction, whereas other studies show more beneficial effects. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mitochondria could be targeted in the development of novel antidepressant drugs, and specific forms of mitochondrial dysfunction could be identified as biomarkers to personalize treatment and aid in early diagnosis by differentiating between disorders with overlapping symptoms. (frontiersin.org)
  • The focus of this review is the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and major depression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Tim50, a component of the mitochondrial translocator, regulates mitochondrial integrity and cell death. (nih.gov)
  • The component of the mitochondrial membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane. (planteome.org)
  • There are several antiport systems embedded in the inner membrane, allowing exchange of anions between the cytosol and the mitochondrial matrix. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using live-cell imaging and electron microscopy we clearly show that 46 nm platinum-decorated ceria nanoparticles can rapidly penetrate cell membranes and reach the cytosol. (cipsm.de)
  • Using FRET-based sensors to monitor cAMP and PKA-dependent phosphorylation in the cytosol and outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) of primary rat cardiomyocytes, we demonstrate that comparable cAMP increases in these two compartments evoke higher levels of PKA-dependent phosphorylation in the OMM. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thus, ensuring normal mitochondrial function is critical for delaying aging and reducing the risk of age-related neurodegenerative disease [ 4 , 7 , 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Upon LPS stimulation, the expression of key TCA enzymes, including citrate synthase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2, and the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased, whereas the levels of LC3b and ROS increased. (nature.com)
  • Here we have assessed the role of caspases, Bcl-2 family members and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore on ER stress-induced MOMP and subsequent cell death. (rowan.edu)
  • Bcl-2 overexpression or pretreatment of cells with the cell permeable BH4 domain (BH4-Tat) or the mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitors, bongkrekic acid or cyclosporine A, attenuated the ER stress-induced loss of DeltaPsim. (rowan.edu)
  • AIMS: To review the role played by the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in different physiological and pathological processes. (lu.se)
  • This being the case, the action would be mediated by the permeability of its membranes, through the formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and would involve phenomena such as the dissipation of the mitochondrial electrochemical potential and the release of substances from within it. (lu.se)
  • In young C57BL/6N mice, short-term ovariectomy decreased-whereas E2 therapy restored-mitochondrial respiratory function, cellular redox state (GSH/GSSG), and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. (umn.edu)
  • However, in absence of αK, there is still substantial binding of Irgm1 to cellular membranes, suggesting the presence of other membrane binding motifs. (duke.edu)
  • In contrast, a mutant containing the palmitoylation mutations in combination with mutations disrupting the amphipathic character of the αK displayed a complete loss of apparent localization to the Golgi and mitochondria, as well as an overall loss of association with cellular membranes in general. (duke.edu)
  • Using a human cortical neuronal (HCN) culture system, we showed that full-length APP is targeted to both mitochondria and plasma membrane (PM) by virtue of N-terminal chimeric signals. (jneurosci.org)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Palmitoylation of the immunity related GTPase, Irgm1: impact on membrane localization and ability to promote mitochondrial fission. (duke.edu)
  • Additionally, Irgm1 was found to promote mitochondrial fission, and this function was undermined in Irgm1 mutants lacking the palmitoylation domain, and to a greater extent in those lacking the αK, or the αK and palmitoylation domains combined. (duke.edu)
  • Activated ERK1/2 also phosphorylates the GTPase dynamin-related protein (Drp1), which then stimulates mitochondrial fission. (cdc.gov)
  • The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), generated by the electron transport chain, is a key parameter necessary for healthy mitochondrial functioning. (stratech.co.uk)
  • A collapse in mitochondrial membrane and redox potential may induce unwanted loss of cell viability and be a cause of various pathologies. (stratech.co.uk)
  • Camptothecin induced mitochondrial membrane potential changes were measured with JC-10™ (Cat No. 22204 ) and JC-1 (Cat No. 22200 ) in Jurkat cells. (stratech.co.uk)
  • JC-10™ and JC-1 dual-emission mitochondrial membrane potential probes. (stratech.co.uk)
  • Like JC-10™, TMRE and TMRM uptake in mitochondria is driven by the mitochondrial membrane potential. (stratech.co.uk)
  • Mitochondrial membrane potential is a parameter used to measure with mitochondrial condition. (dojindo.com)
  • As membrane potential decreases, JC-1 becomes monomers, which shows in green fluorescence. (dojindo.com)
  • Red fluorescence indicates normal membrane potential or health mitochondria. (dojindo.com)
  • Mitophagy was not detected in untreated cells and the membrane potential was normal. (dojindo.com)
  • However, reduction of membrane potential and mitophagy were observed in treated cells. (dojindo.com)
  • Wild-type cells were treated with concanamycin A for 4 hr, stained with mitochondrial membrane potential fluorescent dyes DiOC 6 ( A ) or TMRM ( B ), and analyzed by flow cytometry. (elifesciences.org)
  • Immunohistochemical expression of mitochondrial membrane complexes (MMCs) I, III, IV and V in malignant and benign periampullary epithelium: a potential target for drug therapy of periampullary cancer? (biomedcentral.com)
  • mtCheck™ Enhanced Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Assay Kits (JC-1) is a kit that uses JC-1 as a fluorescent probe to quickly and sensitively detect changes in cell, tissue or purified mitochondrial membrane potential. (mitochondriasci.com)
  • ST also caused the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Loss of E2 increased mitochondrial membrane microviscosity and H 2 O 2 emitting potential, whereas E2 administration in vivo and in vitro restored membrane E2 content, microviscosity, complex I and I + III activities, H 2 O 2 emitting potential, and submaximal OXPHOS responsiveness. (umn.edu)
  • These effects were consistent with improved mitochondrial function, reflected by testosterone-induced increases in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), antioxidant enzyme (GSH-PX, catalase, and Mn-SOD) expression/activity, and mitochondrial respiratory complex activities in both brain regions. (aging-us.com)
  • The transport of sucrose, glucose and fructose was shown to be bidirectional, saturable and independent of the mitochondrial respiration and membrane potential. (uantwerpen.be)
  • Increased sub-G1 population and annexin-V binding, activation of caspases 9 and 3, cleavage of poly(ADPribose) polymerase (PARP), and a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) indicated involvement of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in terpinen-4-ol-treated A549 and CL1-0 cells. (hindawi.com)
  • After exposure, both cell lines were assessed for cytotoxicity, ROS, and mitochondrial membrane potential. (cdc.gov)
  • In pSAE cells, cytotoxicity, enhancement in ROS, and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential caused by PC, PC-CNT, and PU-CNT were generally lower in magnitude compared to BEAS-2B cells at treatments examined, and is likely attributable to differences in depositional characteristics between the respective culture media for both respective cell lines. (cdc.gov)
  • [5] The eukaryote Monocercomonoides is known to have completely lost its mitochondria, [6] and the multicellular organism Henneguya salminicola is known to have retained mitochondrion-related organelles in association with a complete loss of their mitochondrial genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • This protein has been mistargeted to the cell membrane, causing ATP loss that results in cell dysfunctionality. (lu.se)
  • Mitochondrial and plasma membrane pools of stomatin-like protein 2 coalesce at the immunological synapse during T cell activation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Although the major pool of SLP-2 is associated with mitochondria, we show here that there is an additional pool of SLP-2 associated with the plasma membrane of T cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Both plasma membrane-associated and mitochondria-associated pools of SLP-2 coalesce at the immunological synapse (IS) upon T cell activation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Based on these results, we propose that SLP-2 facilitates the compartmentalization not only of mitochondrial membranes but also of the plasma membrane into functional microdomains. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Primary carnitine deficiency is caused by a deficiency in the plasma membrane carnitine transporter, with urinary carnitine wasting causing systemic carnitine depletion. (medscape.com)
  • SLC22A5 mutations can affect carnitine transport by impairing maturation of transporters to the plasma membrane. (medscape.com)
  • Oocytes maintain ROS-free mitochondrial metabolism by suppressing complex I. Nature 607:756-761 (2022). (abcam.com)
  • The mitochondrial invertase system composed by an enzyme activity in the matrix and the corresponding sugar transporters might have a role in both osmoregulation and intermediary metabolism. (uantwerpen.be)
  • Phosphatases control PKA-dependent functional microdomains at the outer mitochondrial membrane. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This effect has been linked to lipid peroxidation and membrane disruption, but the specific mechanisms behind these phenomena remain unclear. (sdu.dk)
  • Therefore, studying the correlation between inflammation and macrophage mitochondrial function could lead to a better understanding of the link between inflammation and diseases. (nature.com)
  • Human and animal studies suggest an intriguing link between mitochondrial diseases and depression. (frontiersin.org)
  • This group includes lysosomal storage disorders, various mitochondrial diseases, other neurometabolic disorders, and several other miscellaneous disorders. (medscape.com)
  • It plays a key role in mitochondrial homeostasis through selective elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria, and is an essential component of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis. (stratech.co.uk)
  • These findings demonstrate that E2 directly modulates membrane biophysical properties and bioenergetic function in mitochondria, offering a direct mechanism by which E2 status broadly influences energy homeostasis. (umn.edu)
  • Interestingly, no permanent membrane disruption or any other significant adverse effects on cells were observed. (cipsm.de)
  • Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptides comprise a class of amphipathic tetrapeptides that have demonstrated efficacy in treating a wide array of mitochondrial disorders, and are believed to target mitochondrial membranes due to their enrichment in the anionic phospholipid cardiolipin (CL). (biorxiv.org)
  • In this study, we have analyzed the interactions of the lead compound SS-31 (Elamipretide) with model and mitochondrial membranes using biophysical and computational approaches. (biorxiv.org)
  • Interestingly, mitochondrial translocation of APP was incomplete because of an internal acidic domain present between 220 and 290 amino acids. (jneurosci.org)
  • Interestingly, antidepressant medication can restore the mitochondrial oxidant/antioxidant balance, and therefore help to rescue the negative effects of mitochondrial dysregulation (green lines). (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, we show that the activity of soluble phosphatases attenuates PKA-driven activation of the cAMP response element-binding protein while concurrently enhancing PKA-dependent mitochondrial elongation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Inhibition of miR-421 Preserves Mitochondrial Function and Protects against Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis via Pink1/Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy. (abcam.com)
  • Mitochondrial condition in the carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazine (CCCP) treated Parkin-expressing HeLa cells was compared with untreated cells using Mitophagy Detection Kit (MD01, MT02) and JC-1 MitoMP Detection Kit (MT09). (dojindo.com)
  • The flavoprotein kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) is localised to the outer mitochondrial membrane and catalyses the synthesis of 3-hydroxykynurenine from L- kynurenine , a key step in the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Predicted to be involved in protein import into mitochondrial matrix. (nih.gov)
  • Studying the mechanisms underlying increased VDAC1 expression and membrane translocation in pancreatic beta cells, vascular endothelial cells, adipocytes, and macrophages in pathological conditions such as long-lasting hyperglycemia or low-grade inflammation. (lu.se)
  • Both dyes have been successfully for dymanic and in situ quantitative measurements, to screen for inhibitors of the mitochondrial transition pore, to assess the functionality of mitochondria in living cells, and can be used to discrimate between viable and non-viable cell populations. (stratech.co.uk)
  • Loss of vacuole function triggers mitochondrial protein degradation. (elifesciences.org)
  • A ) Schematic illustration showing that loss of vacuolar acidity (2) through aging or concanamycin A (conc A)-mediated inhibition of the Vacuolar H + -ATPase (1) leads to loss of mitochondrial function (3) through an unknown mechanism. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, how inflammatory and anti-inflammatory environments affect macrophage mitochondrial function is poorly understood. (nature.com)
  • Although testosterone supplementation in male patients was shown to improve cognitive function in AD [ 12 , 13 ], and to relieve motor and nonmotor symptoms in PD [ 14 , 15 ], it remains unclear whether testosterone beneficially influences mitochondrial function in the aging brain. (aging-us.com)
  • This possibility is indeed supported by animal studies that showed that orchiectomy-induced testosterone deficiency reduces mitochondrial function and increases oxidative damage in the substantia nigra (SN) and the hippocampus (HIPP) of adult male rats [ 16 - 18 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Overall, the data suggest an intriguing link between mitochondrial function and depression that warrants further investigation. (frontiersin.org)
  • The mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT also called the ADP/ATP carrier AAC) facilitates export of ATP outward over the internal membrane in to the cytoplasm in trade for import of ADP back to the matrix.1 That is driven with the electrochemical gradient over the internal membrane. (hiv-proteases.com)