Meiosis meiotic chromosome chromosomes. Medical search. Frequent questions

During the division of somatic cells (mitosis) newly duplicated chromosomes (sister chromatids) separate and segregate to opposite daughter cells. (scienceblog.com)
While a postdoctoral student at MIT, Tomomi Kiyomitsu discovered how dynein has a role as a motor protein in aligning the chromosomes in the middle of the cell during the metaphase of mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
It does this repeatedly so the chromosomes end up in the center of the cell, which is necessary in mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
Only the male pronucleus was present in the egg cytoplasm and became metaphase chromosomes at the first mitosis. (bioone.org)
In mitosis, the daughter cells have the identical variety of chromosomes as the mother or father cell, while in meiosis, the daughter cells have half the variety of chromosomes as the parent. (styleslicker.com)
Q: If mitosis is for growth, is meiosis only for reproduction? (hospitalninojesus.com)
While mitosis leads to general cellular growth and repair, meiosis specifically ensures the production of gametes for sexual reproduction. (hospitalninojesus.com)
The entire process of meiosis is separated into a sequence of steps similar to those of mitosis , but these stages are repeated twice. (biologystudypoint.com)
The chromosomes in the leptotene stage are thin and long threads and longitudinally single rather than double as in mitosis. (biologystudypoint.com)

In meiotic prophase, the sister chromatids of each chromosome develop a common axial element (AE) that is integrated into the synaptonemal complex (SC). (rupress.org)

The second meiotic division begins with half of the original number of chromosomes. (styleslicker.com)
In normal conventional meiosis, the first meiotic division is reductional, resulting in segregation of chromosomal homologs, whereas the second meiotic division is equational, resulting in separation of sister chromatids. (frontiersin.org)

We found that deletion of NUP2 delayed pairing and synapsis during meiosis, and led to decreased spore viability, similar to the ndj1Δ mutant phenotype. (biorxiv.org)
The process of meiosis is additional characterised by synapsis formation, the meeting of synaptonemal complicated and chiasma formation, bringing about genetic range during gametogenesis. (styleslicker.com)
Direct visualization reveals kinetics of meiotic chromosome synapsis. (utah.edu)
Chromosome pairing and synapsis during Caenorhabditis elegans meiosis. (utah.edu)
In meiosis I, the distinguishing event of meiosis, pairs (bivalents) of homologous chromosomes in the form of sister chromatids are paired by synapsis along their regions of homologous DNA (Yang and Wang 2009), and then segregated, resulting in haploid daughters containing sister chromatids paired at their centromeres (Cohen et al. (reactome.org)
The pairing of homologous chromosomes is known as synapsis and is an exact, not a random process, for it starts at one or more points along the length of chromosomes and the chromomeres of one homologous synapse exactly with the corresponding one in the other. (biologystudypoint.com)
The separation of tetrads into dryads or a pair of chromatids is known as disjunction and involves the separation of chromosomes which were previously brought together during synapsis. (biologystudypoint.com)

Failure to control the timing and frequency of recombination events results in mis-segregation, or non-disjunction, of chromosomes that results in embryos that are either not viable (resulting in miscarriage) or in offspring with genetic disorders such as trisomy 21, or Down syndrome. (cornell.edu)
These data reveal a role for MSH7-3D in meiotic stabilisation of allopolyploidy and provides an opportunity to improve wheat's genetic diversity through alien gene introgression, a major bottleneck facing crop improvement. (nature.com)
However, an important challenge still facing breeders now is the ability to routinely perform DNA-introgression, a process by which distantly related chromosomes exchange genetic information that is passed onto progeny. (nature.com)
Genetic and cytogenetic studies have revealed the presence of several pairing homoeologous ( Ph ) loci that ensure wheat behaves as a diploid during meiosis, with only homologous chromosomes of the same sub-genome (AA, BB or DD) pairing and recombining. (nature.com)
During prophase I, crossing over introduces genetic variation by swapping pieces of homologous chromosomes. (styleslicker.com)
Interactions between chromosomes are also essential for shuffling of genetic information and generation of genetic diversity. (utah.edu)
The SC is essential for intimate associations between homologous chromosomes and it also regulates genetic exchanges. (utah.edu)
The independent research group Meiosis (ME) primarily funded by the European Research Council (project MEIOBARMIX) is interested in the process of plant meiosis that generates genetic variation through homologous recombination. (ipk-gatersleben.de)
Traditional plant breeding, that harnesses natural genetic variation arising during meiosis, will have a key role to deliver crop improvements in the near future. (ipk-gatersleben.de)
Meiosis assures genetic variation by regulated parental genetic exchange based on homologous recombination. (ipk-gatersleben.de)
However, particularly in cereal crops including barley meiotic recombination events are limited and skewed towards chromosome ends whereby a large portion of the genetic information keeps untapped in breeding programs. (ipk-gatersleben.de)
In addition, it provides further support for models in which genetic conflicts, such as those caused by meiotic drive alleles, can drive speciation. (elifesciences.org)
In 'Meiosis', expert researchers explore recent advances in three main areas, including: quantitative genetic methods for analysis of homologous recombination and chromosome pairing, development of direct physical assays for DNA intermediates and products of recombination, and cytological methods for characterizing chromosome behaviors and the patterns by which specific proteins associate with meiotic chromosomes. (nhbs.com)
Meiosis: Volume 1, Molecular and Genetic Methods' details methods for culturing and manipulating commonly used model organisms and protocols for detecting and quantifying meiotic recombination events through genetic and physical analysis of DNA-DNA or Protein-DNA interactions. (nhbs.com)
Comprehensive and cutting edge, 'Meiosis: Volume 1, Molecular and Genetic Methods' is an essential guidebook, providing up-to-date and critical new protocols for the study of meiotic chromosome dynamics. (nhbs.com)
Without meiosis, the fusion of two regular cells would double the chromosome number with every generation, leading to genetic instability. (hospitalninojesus.com)
During meiosis, the cell has mechanisms to repair DNA damage, ensuring the integrity of genetic information passed to the next generation. (hospitalninojesus.com)
Genetic variations produced by meiosis provide the raw material upon which natural selection acts. (hospitalninojesus.com)
Q: How does meiosis increase genetic diversity? (hospitalninojesus.com)
Through processes like crossing-over (exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes) and independent assortment (random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes), meiosis introduces genetic variations. (hospitalninojesus.com)
It's a sophisticated dance of chromosomes, ensuring genetic diversity, the continuity of species, and paving the way for evolution. (hospitalninojesus.com)

In addition to our studies of meiotic recombination, we are also interested in the unique transcriptional silencing mechanisms that exist during prophase I of meiosis. (cornell.edu)
In this paper, chromosomes in prophase I of meiosis of spermatocytes Bostryx conspersus are described. (edu.pe)

Here we identified Nup2 in a pool of enriched proteins that co-purify with tagged Ndj1 from meiotic cell extracts. (biorxiv.org)
Meiotic recombination is initiated by programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), generated by SPO11 and accessory proteins (de Massy 2013 ). (springer.com)
DSB sites are preferentially located within chromatin loops, while several proteins that are required for DSB formation (Rec114, Mei4, and Mer2) localize on the chromosome axis (Blat et al. (springer.com)
In that research, the role of over 300 proteins during meiosis was analysed. (scienceblog.com)
We hypothesize that the MMR pathway, as well as other DNA repair proteins such as members of the Fanconi Anemia pathway, play an essential role in directing appropriate recombination events during meiosis. (cornell.edu)
During this time, she become interested in germ cell biology and genome integrity, and transitioned into this area to study the roles of DNA repair proteins in mammalian meiosis. (cornell.edu)
The chromosome axis controls meiotic events through a hierarchical assembly of HORMA domain proteins. (utah.edu)
Subsequently, meiotic cohesin SMC1β, cohesin SMC3, and AE proteins SCP2 and SCP3 formed dots along REC8-AEs, which extended and fused until they lined REC8-AEs along their length. (rupress.org)
Occupational exposure limits with proteins such as topoisomerase inhibitors, and mitotic and meiotic spindle poisons. (cdc.gov)

In addition to the study of meiotic mutants, our lab is also interested in the identification of key protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions during mouse meiosis in order to understand how recombination events are regulated, monitored and resolved. (cornell.edu)

Meiosis is a specialized cellular program required to create haploid gametes from diploid parent cells. (biorxiv.org)
In wheat, a complex allohexaploid that has a diploid-like behaviour, meiotic recombination between homoeologous or alien chromosomes is suppressed through the action of several loci. (nature.com)
During meiosis the replicated chromosomes of a single diploid cell are segregated into 4 haploid daughter cells by two successive divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II. (reactome.org)
It has diploid chromosome complement. (biologystudypoint.com)

The protein Mnd2 inhibits premature separation of chromosomes during the formation of gametes. (scienceblog.com)
Because only during meiosis, when the gametes are created, does it become essential. (scienceblog.com)
Here we identify causes underlying hybrid infertility of two recently diverged fission yeast species Schizosaccharomyces pombe and S. kambucha , which mate to form viable hybrid diploids that efficiently complete meiosis, but generate few viable gametes. (elifesciences.org)
Occurring in sexually reproducing organisms, meiosis gives rise to gametes - eggs in females and sperm in males. (hospitalninojesus.com)
By halving the chromosome number in gametes, meiosis ensures that when fertilization occurs, the offspring will have the correct chromosome number, consistent with previous generations. (hospitalninojesus.com)
By this process, four daughter cells are formed from the single parental cell and the chromosome number in them (the daughter cells or gametes) is reduced to half (haploid). (biologystudypoint.com)
Mules, hinnies, and other normally sterile interspecific hybrids cannot produce viable gametes because the extra chromosome cannot make a homologous pair at meiosis , meiosis is disrupted, and viable sperm and eggs are not formed. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Giant chromosomes in the lampbrush form are useful model for studying chromosome organization, genome function and gene expression during meiotic prophase, since they allow the individual transcription units to be visualized. (wikipedia.org)
Gaginskaya E, Kulikova T, Krasikova A (2009) Avian Lampbrush Chromosomes: a Powerful Tool for Exploration of Genome Expression. (wikipedia.org)
Meiotic DSBs are not randomly distributed within the genome but mostly occur at discrete regions, called hotspots (Baudat et al. (springer.com)
In the human genome, which is estimated to contain 25 000 genes, DNA is arranged into 24 distinct chromosomes (courtesy U.S. Department of Energy, Genome Management Information System). (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
We combine a novel biophysical understanding of the SC, live microscopy innovations, and emerging genome editing technologies to observe chromosomes and to understand how the SC works. (utah.edu)
In great apes, the pseudoautosomal region 1 (PAR1) is just 2.7 Mb in length but has the important role of ensuring proper meiotic segregation of X and Y. PAR1 is also one of the most evolutionarily dynamic regions of the genome. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent progress in genome assembly of the sex chromosomes and the availability of population genomic datasets have now made it possible to study divergence and diversity processes of this important region in detail. (biomedcentral.com)

2013 ). Interestingly, the molecular mechanisms underlying the patterning of meiotic DSBs are quite distinct in different species with apparently two major pathways. (springer.com)
However, some species, especially plants and animals with holocentric chromosomes, are known to tolerate chromosomal heterozygosity even for multiple rearrangements. (frontiersin.org)
We argue that the observed process of chromosome sorting would, if continued, result in a new homozygous chromosomal race, i.e., in a new karyotype with intermediate chromosome number and, possibly, in a new incipient homoploid hybrid species. (frontiersin.org)
Although hybrids of these two species inherit three chromosomes from each parent, the majority of spores (the yeast equivalent of sperm) that these hybrids produce fail to develop into new yeast cells. (elifesciences.org)
Sometimes, meiotic errors can lead to reproductive barriers, eventually resulting in the formation of new species. (hospitalninojesus.com)
Sequence evolution of the pseudoautosomal region after the split between the avian and mammalian lineages, and leading up to extant mammalian species, involved the formation of several evolutionary strata mediated by recombination suppression between the sex chromosomes [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Sterility is often attributed to the different number of chromosomes the two species have, for example donkeys have 62 chromosomes , while horses have 64 chromosomes, and mules and hinnies have 63 chromosomes. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Heterozygotes for major chromosomal rearrangements such as fusions and fissions are expected to display a high level of sterility due to problems during meiosis. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we studied male meiotic chromosome behavior in four hybrid generations (F1-F4) between two chromosomal races of the Wood White butterfly Leptidea sinapis differentiated by at least 24 chromosomal fusions/fissions. (frontiersin.org)
Chromosomal heterozygosity leads to the formation of multivalents (instead of normal bivalents) during meiosis. (frontiersin.org)
There is a fundamental difference between canonical and inverted meiosis in the behavior and fate of the chromosomal multivalents. (frontiersin.org)
Two of these driving loci are linked by a chromosomal translocation and thus constitute a novel type of paired meiotic drive complex. (elifesciences.org)
Recombination between chromosomal homologues but not between sister chromatids occurs during prophase of meiosis I (Inagaki et al. (reactome.org)

As CXXC1 is orthologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Spp1 that links DSB sites to the DSB machinery on the chromosome axis, we propose that these molecular interactions involved in the regulation of meiotic DSB formation are conserved in mouse meiosis. (springer.com)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , meiotic DSBs preferentially occur at nucleosome-depleted regions in gene promoters (Ohta et al. (springer.com)
Indeed, in the absence of PRDM9, meiotic DSBs occur at transcription regulatory regions, such as promoters and enhancers (Brick et al. (springer.com)
Well-known examples are Down Syndrome patients, for whom the proper division of two chromosomes did not occur during the meiosis of one parent. (scienceblog.com)
In Which Part Of Meiosis Does Random Alignment Of Homologous Chromosomes Occur? (styleslicker.com)

In this cell division called meiosis, the two complete sets of chromosomes (maternal and paternal ones) in each body cell are reduced to a single one. (scienceblog.com)

Chromosome segregation errors during meiosis are the leading cause of birth defects and developmental delays in humans ( H assold and H unt 2001 ). (biorxiv.org)

The centrosomes, that are the buildings that manage the microtubules of the meiotic spindle, additionally replicate. (styleslicker.com)

Prof. Franz Klein and his colleague, Ph.D. student Alexandra Penkner from the Department of Chromosome Biology of the Max Perutz Laboratories at the Campus Vienna Biocenter, have now published results on an important regulation of this process in the journal CELL. (scienceblog.com)
Chromosome-wide regulation is of paramount importance for almost all aspects of biology and for human health. (utah.edu)
A molecular cell biology toolkit for the study of meiosis in the silkworm Bombyx mori. (stowers.org)
In: Houben A (Ed.): Chromosome Biology 2021. (ipk-gatersleben.de)

The course of that leads to haploid cells is identified as meiosis. (styleslicker.com)
The nucleus now appears to have only the haploid number of chromosomes. (biologystudypoint.com)
This results in the formation of two groups of haploid chromosomes on either pole. (biologystudypoint.com)
Thus, two daughter cells, each with haploid number of chromosomes, are formed from a parental cell. (biologystudypoint.com)

Zygotene or zygonema stage - The zygotene commences with the movement of chromosomes brought about by the attraction between the chromosomes of each homologous pair. (biologystudypoint.com)

The genetics of chromosome pairing and meiotic recombination is complicated by the allopolyploid nature of many crops, a widespread feature in the plant kingdom 3 . (nature.com)
www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/genetics. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
Embarking on molecular genetics, biochemistry and cytogenetic approaches, the overarching aim of the group is to alter the outcome of meiotic recombination with a focus on barley. (ipk-gatersleben.de)
The parasite population shows unusual genetics consistent with a lack of meiosis: a high level of heterozygous sites shared across all isolates and no decrease in linkage with genomic distance between variants. (cdc.gov)

They are highly extended meiotic half-bivalents, each consisting of 2 sister chromatids. (wikipedia.org)
We demonstrate that (i) F1 hybrids are highly heterozygous with nearly all chromosomes participating in the formation of trivalents at the first meiotic division, and (ii) that from F1 to F4 the number of trivalents decreases and the number of bivalents increases. (frontiersin.org)

Prior to the first meiotic division, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse, and recombine to ensure their proper disjunction at anaphase I. Additionally, telomeres tethered at the nuclear envelope cluster in the bouquet configuration where they are subjected to dramatic pulling forces acting from outside of the nucleus. (biorxiv.org)
Amphibian and avian lampbrush chromosomes can be microsurgically isolated from oocyte nucleus (germinal vesicle) with either forceps or needles. (wikipedia.org)
Meiotic cohesin REC8 appeared shortly before premeiotic S phase in the nucleus and formed AE-like structures (REC8-AEs) from premeiotic S phase on. (rupress.org)
Development and application of Crystal Digital PCR-based single pollen nucleus genotyping to measure meiotic recombination rates in barley (Hordeum vulgare) in high-throughput. (ipk-gatersleben.de)
The meiotic cell or meiotic is comparatively large and possesses a large nucleus. (biologystudypoint.com)

Studies in our lab are focused on the regulation of meiosis in mammals, with special emphasis on how meiotic recombination is controlled. (cornell.edu)

Dynein is involved in the movement of chromosomes and positioning the mitotic spindles for cell division. (wikipedia.org)
Cohesion between sister chromatids is essential for proper chromosome disjunction and homologous recombination in the mitotic cycle and in meiosis ( Nasmyth, 2001 ). (rupress.org)

Dynein pulls the microtubules and chromosomes to one end of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Microtubules are important for the formation of meiotic spindles to support right segregations of chromosomes. (styleslicker.com)

Maternal chromosomes were found to be extruded as two polar bodies at the first meiosis, and the second meiosis could not be observed. (bioone.org)

In particular, the silencing of the sex chromosomes is a hallmark of mammalian meiosis, and yet its function and mechanism remains poorly understood. (cornell.edu)

Meiosis is a sequence of events that organize and separate chromosomes into daughter cells. (styleslicker.com)
Despite recent evidence for Y chromosome introgression from humans into Neanderthals, we find that the Neanderthal PAR1 retained similarity to the Denisovan sequence. (biomedcentral.com)

The events of meiotic prophase follow a specialized round of DNA replication when the meiotic chromosome axis is formed. (biorxiv.org)
2009 ). At a larger scale, DSB formation occurs in the context of a specific chromosome architecture that consists of chromatin loops anchored to a proteinaceous axis (Zickler and Kleckner 1999 ). (springer.com)
Brieño-Enriquez M.A., Moak S., Toledo M., Filter J.J., Gray S., Barbero J.L., Cohen P.E. , and Holloway J.K. Cohesin removal along the chromosome arms during the first meiotic division depends on a NEK1-PP1γ-WAPL axis. (cornell.edu)
ZIP4 is a ZMM protein involved in homologous recombination and may act as a hub through physical interactions with components of the chromosome axis and other ZMMs 19 . (nature.com)

Chromosomes transform into the lampbrush form during the diplotene stage of meiotic prophase I due to an active transcription of many genes. (wikipedia.org)
Research aiming to identify Ph2 has resulted in the isolation of a number of candidate meiotic genes from this region on 3DS. (nature.com)
This is essential in determining the genes carried by a gamete, as each will solely obtain one of many two homologous chromosomes. (styleslicker.com)
Every meiotic division is a new opportunity for genes to shuffle. (hospitalninojesus.com)
No, they are genetically distinct due to the shuffling and assortment of genes during meiosis. (hospitalninojesus.com)

The Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) binds to sites in chromosomes to specify the location of origins of DNA replication. (imperial.ac.uk)

Lampbrush chromosome are a special form of chromosome found in the growing oocytes (immature eggs) of most animals, except mammals. (wikipedia.org)

Surprisingly, the nup2Δ ndj1Δ double mutant failed to segregate chromosomes, even though the meiotic program continued. (biorxiv.org)

Our lab has been heavily involved in the analysis of MMR mouse mutants and their subsequent meiotic phenotypes, and these studies form the cornerstone of our research. (cornell.edu)

Burkhardt S., Borsos M,. Szydlowska A., Godwin J., Williams S.A., Cohen P.E. , Hirota T., Saitou M., Tachibana-Konwalski K.. Chromosome Cohesion Established by Rec8-Cohesin in Fetal Oocytes Is Maintained without Detectable Turnover in Oocytes Arrested for Months in Mice. (cornell.edu)

During sexual reproduction, regulated interactions between chromosomes are crucial for delivering the correct number of chromosomes to each gamete. (utah.edu)

At least three distinct meiotic drive alleles, one on each S. kambucha chromosome, independently contribute to hybrid infertility by causing nonrandom spore death. (elifesciences.org)

Inhibition of transcription leads to retraction of lateral loops into chromomeres and chromosome condensation. (wikipedia.org)

Mules are infertile because they inherit 32 chromosomes from their horse parent, but only 31 chromosomes from their donkey parent-and so have an odd chromosome that they cannot pair-off when they make sperm or egg cells. (elifesciences.org)

If the chromosomes decondensed in telophase I, they condense again. (styleslicker.com)

Moreover, lampbrush chromosomes are widely used for high-resolution mapping of DNA sequences and construction of detail cytological maps of individual chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)

Why is Meiosis Important for Organisms? (hospitalninojesus.com)
Meiosis, a unique form of cellular division, is paramount for most living organisms on our planet. (hospitalninojesus.com)

The meiotic topoisomerase VI B subunit (MTOPVIB) is essential for meiotic DNA double-strand break formation in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Plant Reprod. (ipk-gatersleben.de)

TurboID-based proteomic profiling of meiotic chromosome axes in Arabidopsis thaliana. (ipk-gatersleben.de)

Lampbrush chromosomes are clearly visible even in the light microscope, where they are seen to be organized into a series of chromomeres with large chromatin loops extended laterally. (wikipedia.org)

In humans and mice, hotspots are specified by PRDM9, a meiosis-specific PRDM family protein (Baudat et al. (springer.com)
These results are consistent with the hypothesis that minimum efficient processing segments, which have been characterized in Escherichia coli, yeast, and cultured mammalian cells, may be required for efficient homologous meiotic recombination in humans. (nih.gov)

The unique chromosome dynamics of meiosis have fascinated scientists for well over a century, but in recent years there has been a proliferation of new data concerning the pairing, recombination, and segregation of chromosomes. (nhbs.com)

It is Ama1, which activates the APC/C too early in the absence of Mnd2 and thus opens the cohesin rings prematurely, that leads to chromosome damage and finally to the death of the cell. (scienceblog.com)

During the interphase of meiosis, every chromosome is duplicated. (styleslicker.com)

Morgan, G.T. (2002) Lampbrush chromosomes and associated bodies: new insights into principles of nuclear structure and function. (wikipedia.org)

Diplotene - The splitting of chromosomes and the separation of homologous chromosomes initiates diplotene. (biologystudypoint.com)

PR domain-containing protein 9 (PRDM9) is a major regulator of the localization of meiotic recombination hotspots in the human and mouse genomes. (springer.com)
Our lab is studying a conserved protein complex that assembles between meiotic chromosomes in almost all eukaryotes � the synaptonemal complex (SC). (utah.edu)

Proper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis prevents disorders resulting from aneuploidy (an abnormal number of chromosomes), such as Down syndrome. (hospitalninojesus.com)
PAR1 has a crucial role in ensuring proper segregation of sex chromosomes during male meiosis, exposing it to extreme recombination and mutation processes. (biomedcentral.com)

Cytomixis and meiotic abnormalities during microsporogenesis were found in two populations of H. cordata with different ploidy levels (2n = 38, 96). (geneticsmr.com)

Several types of meiotic abnormalities were recorded during those three years, but varied in type and frequency depending on the year. (geneticsmr.com)

The chromosomes uncoil and the cytoplasm of the cell divides into two by the formation of cell membrane. (biologystudypoint.com)

then, at the first meiotic division, they are partitioned into completely different nuclei. (styleslicker.com)
Meiosis is a two-step division process wherein a single cell divides twice to produce four non-identical daughter cells, each having half the original number of chromosomes. (hospitalninojesus.com)
Meiosis is more than just a cellular division process. (hospitalninojesus.com)
What are the significance of meiosis, and meiotic division? (biologystudypoint.com)
The homologous chromosomes twine around each other and each starts splitting into two sister chromatids by a vertical or longitudinal furrow, but the division is not obvious. (biologystudypoint.com)

Anatomy71

Organisms13

Diseases24

Chemicals and Drugs41

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes162

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Mitosis9

Sister chromatids of each chromosome1

Second meiotic division2

Synapsis7

Genetic21

Prophase I of meiosis2

Proteins9

Study of meiotic1

Diploid4

Gametes7

Genome7

Species7

Chromosomal6

Mouse meiosis1

Occur4

Paternal1

Segregation errors1

Spindle1

Biology4

Haploid4

Homologous pair1

Genetics4

Bivalents2

Nucleus5

Regulation1

Mitotic2

Microtubules2

Maternal1

Mammalian meiosis1

Sequence2

Axis4

Genes5

Replication1

Mammals1

Segregate1

Phenotypes1

Oocytes1

Interactions1

Distinct1

Condensation1

Sperm1

Telophase1

Cytological1

Organisms2

Topoisomerase1

Axes1

Chromomeres1

Humans2

Dynamics1

Cohesin1

Interphase1

20021

Diplotene1

Protein2

Proper2

Ploidy1

Abnormalities1

Cytoplasm1

Division5