Mechanisms of cell death cell death. Medical search. Frequent questions

Using an apoptosis-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we showed that Acanthamoeba induces programmed cell death in brain microvascular endothelial cells. (asm.org)
Apoptosis Metastasis Programmed cell death Frisch SM, Screaton RA (October 2001). (wikipedia.org)
A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
The product damages the DNA in cancer cells, which leads to the normal path of cell death (apoptosis). (centerwatch.com)
The supernatants were collected and analyzed for the secretion of human Fas ligand, and cells were used to determine cell death and apoptosis, cell death receptor, and intracellular proteins expression. (unisi.it)
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, secreted by BeWo cells, altered the cell death and apoptosis rates in THP-1 cells. (unisi.it)
Results suggest that soluble factors secreted by BeWo cells induce cell death and apoptosis in THP-1 cells, and Fas/CD95 can be involved in this process. (unisi.it)
On the other hand, T. gondii interferes in the mechanism of cell death and inhibits THP-1 cell apoptosis, which can be associated with active caspase 3 and phosphorylated ERK1/2. (unisi.it)
The characteristics of cell death induced by Ni-CE infection resemble those of apoptosis (rounded and shrunken cells, DNA fragmentation), but the intracellular signalling pathway for this process has not been fully investigated. (microbiologyresearch.org)
We demonstrated that the Ni-CE strain induced DNA fragmentation, cell membrane disruption, exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), activation of caspase-3/7 and anti-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) cleavage, an early apoptosis indicator, whereas the Nishigahara strain did not induce DNA fragmentation, caspase-3/7 activation, cell membrane disruption, or PARP-1 cleavage, but did induce PS exposure. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The investigational new drug SHetA2 targets these vulnerabilities in ovarian and endometrial cancer cells by disrupting complexes of the mortalin HSP with its client proteins (mitochondrial support proteins, metabolic enzymes, p53) leading to mitochondrial leakage of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and caspase-dependent apoptosis. (figshare.com)
AA005 induces a unique type of cell death in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, characterized by lack of caspase-3 activation or apoptotic body formation, sensitivity to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor Olaparib (AZD2281) but not pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD.fmk, and dependence on apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). (biomedcentral.com)
Apoptosis and necrosis are characterized by different mechanisms leading to cell death. (news-medical.net)
Apoptosis is associated with nuclear disintegration, followed by removal of the cell by macrophages. (news-medical.net)
Studies show that necrotic death is induced by a ligand binding to a receptor, such as when apoptosis is initiated. (news-medical.net)
The "death receptors", which typically cause cell death by apoptosis, can be activated by ligands, such as TNF. (news-medical.net)
However, apoptosis can be blocked by caspase inhibitors resulting in a "ballooning cell membrane", typical of necrosis. (news-medical.net)
Necroptosis can therefore start in an apoptosis-like manner, but result in necrotic-like cell death. (news-medical.net)
Cancer, characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation, is treated by chemotherapy and radiotherapy to induce apoptosis and kill cancerous cells. (news-medical.net)
The most studied form of PCD is apoptosis -- a process of cellular self-destruction, distinguished by fragmentation of nuclear DNA and cell shrinkage. (sciencedaily.com)
It was named necroptosis, as it shares some characteristics of apoptosis, such as rigorous gene-level regulation, and necrosis, an inflammatory cell death in which the cell membrane swells and later breaks, leaking its contents into the intercellular space. (sciencedaily.com)
Necroptosis can be a fail-safe mechanism in case apoptosis is inhibited, for example, by bacteria or viruses. (sciencedaily.com)

However, the host intracellular signaling pathways and the molecular mechanisms associated with Acanthamoeba -mediated HBMEC cytotoxicity have not been determined. (asm.org)
Our goal is to define molecular mechanisms and the physiological significance of JNK signaling. (umassmed.edu)
2. We revealed the regulatory mechanisms of neutrophil function by macrophages, and the molecular mechanisms of netosis. (nii.ac.jp)
Further work is now needed to investigate the exact molecular mechanisms behind the activation of p63. (elifesciences.org)
While numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, the theory of oxidative stress has received considerable support. (biomedcentral.com)
They possess intricate molecular mechanisms that promote either suicide or survival. (sciencedaily.com)

Research in the Conradt lab is focused on molecular and cellular processes required for live vs death decision during C. elegans development. (kcl.ac.uk)
Here we provide biochemical and cellular evidence that artemisinins are potent inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PfPI3K), revealing an unexpected mechanism of action. (nature.com)
Although the ability of Taxol to stabilize cellular microtubules is well accepted, the mechanisms by which Taxol induces growth arrest and cell death remain unclear. (elsevierpure.com)
Bertrand Joseph, Professor of Molecular Cancer Biology specialising in Cell Death at the Institute of Environmental Medicine, researches signals at cellular level that determine if cells are to die or not. (ki.se)
Another process associated with cell survival and death is autophagia, which is an important cellular digestion mechanism that allows cells to get rid themselves of defective organelles while recovering energy and building blocks. (ki.se)
Our studies demonstrate that different intracellular concentrations of 2-HG correlate with critical cellular functions that can mean life or death for cancer cells," said Chen. (genengnews.com)
Of them, SARS-CoV-2 S protein binds to its cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) [ 8 , 9 ], to enter the cells. (ijbs.com)
Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
Activation follows a spring-loaded mechanism not requiring further translation of other cellular factors in oocytes and is associated with unfolding of the inhibitory structure that blocks the tetramerization interface. (elifesciences.org)
There are a number of reactive nitrogen oxide species, such as N2O3 and ONOO-, that can alter critical cellular components under high local concentrations of NO. However, NO can also abate the oxidation chemistry mediated by reactive oxygen species such as H2O2 and O2- that occurs at physiological levels of NO. In addition to the antioxidant chemistry, NO protects against cell death mediated by H2O2, alkylhydroperoxides, and xanthine oxidase. (researchgate.net)
Investigations into how papillomaviruses exploit host cell division to gain access to the nuclear space for infection have identified cellular targets that are hijacked for this purpose. (europa.eu)
We have established a principal four step mechanism for this, which involves an activation step through master mitotic kinases that set the cue, a transport step involving a previously unknown cellular complex, a tethering step to mitotic chromatin, and a deactivation step, once cell division occurred. (europa.eu)
The most surprising finding of our research has probably been that by learning about a mechanism, we observed that the interactions of a viral protein with cellular proteins to achieve nuclear delivery can lead to misrouting of the cellular proteins. (europa.eu)
Changing the location of the cellular proteins, in turn, apparently changes the physiological function with dire consequences for cell division and subsequent cell fate. (europa.eu)
Exciting advances have been made in the identification of cellular protective functions and cell death suppressors that might operate in HR. Moreover, the spatio-temporal patterns of the SA accumulation (non-homogeneous distribution, biphasic kinetics) described in some HR lesions, may also reveal important clues for unraveling the complex cellular network that tightly balances pro- and anti-death functions in the hypersensitive cell death. (springer.com)
However, cGMP analogs have previously been shown to interact with numerous targets, so to better understand the therapeutic action of Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS, it is necessary to elucidate its target-selectivity and hence what potential cellular mechanism(s) it may affect within. (lu.se)

We previously reported that the avirulent fixed rabies virus strain Ni-CE induces a clear cytopathic effect in mouse neuroblastoma cells, whereas its virulent progenitor, the Nishigahara strain, does not. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Annonaceous acetogenin mimic AA005 reportedly inhibits mammalian mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone reductase (Complex I) and induces gastric cancer cell death. (biomedcentral.com)

The JNK signaling pathway is activated in response to many cytokines and growth factors and when cells are exposed to physical/chemical stress. (umassmed.edu)
It seems that TrkB could make tumor cells resistant to anoikis by activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascade[citation needed]. (wikipedia.org)
Cancer cells develop anoikis resistance by several mechanisms, including changes in integrin and matrix signaling, metabolic deregulation, and stress responses of cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
Hepatocyte growth factor inhibits anoikis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by activation of ERK and Akt signaling independent of NFkappa B". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. (wikipedia.org)
In this review article, we are focusing on the signaling mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 N protein in viral replication, cell death and inflammation. (ijbs.com)
Calcium is a key signaling ion involved in many different intracellular and extracellular processes ranging from synaptic activity to cell-cell communication and adhesion. (biomedcentral.com)
Identification of natural products from traditional Vietnamese medicinal plants that target cell signaling at the interface of inflammation and ferroptosis. (uibk.ac.at)
The signaling cascade following ligand binding is also important in deciding cell fate and potentially initiating necroptosis. (news-medical.net)
Although extensive data has described the key role of salicylic acid (SA) in signaling pathogen-induced disease resistance, its function in physiological processes related to cell death is still poorly understood. (springer.com)

or vice versa, when they attack healthy cells and cause neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's. (ki.se)
Extensive genetic, biochemical, and histological evidence has implicated the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, and several mechanisms have been suggested, such as metal binding, react. (biomedcentral.com)
For example, neurodegeneration results from too many cells being culled by PCD and leads to incurable diseases such as Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's. (sciencedaily.com)

To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
Recently, SFN-induced cytotoxicity has been shown to have promise in preventing posterior capsule opacification (PCO) - a common lens disorder arising from undesirable cell proliferation and migration. (uea.ac.uk)
These include modes that are predominately genotoxic (i.e., chromosomal abnormalities, oxidative stress, and gene amplification) vs. more nongenotoxic (i.e., altered growth factors, enhanced cell proliferation and promotion of carcinogenesis, and altered DNA repair). (cdc.gov)
The effect of 10 μM SNP was reinforced on proliferation (from 13% to 90%) and elevation of cGMP levels (from 7.6 to 13.5 pmol/10 7 cells). (scirp.org)
Garg, U.C. and Hassid, A. (1989) Nitric Oxide-Generating Vasodilators and 8-Bromo-cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Inhibit Mitogenesis and Proliferation of Cultured Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. (scirp.org)
Proliferation-linked shifts in eligibility of T-cell progenitors, population dynamics, DN1 cells to undergo specification thus control kinetics of T-cell generation. (lu.se)

Now, necrosis is known to have programmed aspects, with "necroptosis" describing regulated necrotic cell death. (news-medical.net)
They found that TNF induced both apoptotic and necrotic cell death. (news-medical.net)
This result sparked further interest in how necrotic cell death occurs. (news-medical.net)
The induced necrotic cell death by virial agents is important for virus-induced inflammation, and blockage of necroptosis is a primary concern for controlling certain viral diseases. (news-medical.net)
The term 'necrotic' alludes to either apoptotic or necrotic cell death. (springer.com)
These results suggest that some human inflammatory diseases associated with necrotic cell death, such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, may be caused by deregulation of the CCR4-NOT complex. (sciencedaily.com)

Some extend regulated cell death can be considered an extreme form of cell differentiation that happens when cells fails to perform their normal intracellular routines. (hstalks.com)
Cell death by necroptosis involves membrane breakage, which leaks intracellular molecules such as heat shock proteins. (news-medical.net)

However, metastatic tumor cells may escape from anoikis and invade other organs. (wikipedia.org)
The mechanism by which invading tumor cells survive the anoikis process remains largely unknown. (wikipedia.org)
showed that anisomycin can sensitize metastatic epithelial cells to anoikis and reduce circulating tumor cell implantation in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Typically, rapidly proliferating tumor cells have glycolytic rates up to 200 times higher than those of their normal tissue of origin, even in the presence of oxygen [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
However, to reveal the anti‐tumor mechanism and improve the efficacy of these artemisinin‐type drugs, studies have been conducted in recent years. (rug.nl)
For the former approach, we discuss the superiority of combination treatments compared to monotherapy in tumor cells based on their effects on regulated cell death. (rug.nl)
In this project, we have followed up two main questions: On the one hand how do small DNA tumor viruses of the papillomavirus family, i.e. viruses that lead to malignant cancers, mechanistically use host cell division to enter host cells, a mechanism of viral invasion that is barely understood. (europa.eu)
In 1988, Laster and colleagues exposed two cell lines to TNF to investigate whether TNF (tumor necrosis factor) targets underwent DNA fragmentation. (news-medical.net)
therefore, a molecular understanding of the intricate network established among tumor cells and their microenvironment could significantly improve comprehension and clinical management of cancer. (nih.gov)
Interestingly, recent studies reveal that tumor cells can employ other sophisticated mechanisms to disable DAB2IP at the post-transcriptional level. (nih.gov)

Together our results reveal the potential ability of gefitinib to initiate sterile inflammation via two distinct mechanisms, and identified IL-1β and HMGB1 as key determinants of gefitinib-induced inflammation that may provide insights into gefitinib-induced interstitial pneumonitis. (nature.com)
The disease manifests more frequently in active individuals, when mechanical sheer stress can cause cell membrane damage, inflammation, and fibrosis in genetically predisposed RV. (medscape.com)
Animal research suggests that it may reduce secondary cell death from TBI, through stabilization of the blood-brain barrier and inflammation reduction . (medscape.com)

Acanthamoeba binding to HBMEC is mediated by a mannose-binding protein expressed on the surface of Acanthamoeba cells ( 2 ). (asm.org)
In the body, these toxins inhibit protein synthesis leading to cell death. (cdc.gov)
Anisomycin achieved this anti-metastatic activity in part by decreasing the abundance of the death receptor inhibiting protein FLIP. (wikipedia.org)
Scientists have discovered a new mechanism by which cancerous cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) regulate the protein IDH2 (isocitrate dehydrogenase2) known to be mutated in cancer, to increase the buildup of cancer cells in the blood. (genengnews.com)
For example, enasidenib, a small molecule that binds and inhibits the IDH2 mutant protein, increases the maturation of leukemia cells and reduces the number of leukemic cells in animal models. (genengnews.com)
We also elucidated the distinct regulatory mechanisms for the protein variants, mutant IDH1, and mutant IDH2, in AML. (genengnews.com)
Besides the function in viral life cycle, N protein can bind GSDMD to antagonize pyroptosis but promotes cell death via the Smad3-dependent G1 cell cycle arrest mechanism. (ijbs.com)
The protein then switches to an active form when DNA damage is detected to trigger the process of cell self-destruction. (elifesciences.org)
Our objective was to evaluate the roles of mitochondrial damage and another SHetA2-target HSP protein, cytoplasmic heat shock cognate 70 (hsc70), in the mechanism of SHetA2 killing of cervical cancer cells. (figshare.com)
Moreover, we have identified on the viral side a peptide in a crucial viral protein that mediates these interactions, Besides a more thorough understanding of viral infection, we found that the presence of the viral peptide concentration-dependently allows to stall mitosis and eventually induce cell death, so that this may provide an avenue for anti.cancer treatments. (europa.eu)
Moreover, blocking activation of RIP-1 by necroptosis inhibitor necrotatin-1 inhibits AIF translocation and partially suppresses AA005-induced cell death in SW620 cells demonstrating that RIP-1 protein may be essential for cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
Dr Suzuki proposes that one of the possible mechanisms triggering necroptosis is the suppression of degradation of messenger RNA (mRNA), which transports the encoded protein sequence (the message) from the cell nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where the proteins are actually synthesised. (sciencedaily.com)
Analysis of other components of the CCR4-NOT complex in CNOT3-deficient cells suggests that this protein plays a vital role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the entire complex and that it is crucial for cell viability. (sciencedaily.com)
moreover, only normal, intact CNOT3 protein can rescue dying cells' viability and growth. (sciencedaily.com)
A mutant form of the protein, missing its C-terminal amino acids -- a docking station for other proteins of the CCR4-NOT complex -- was unable to aid cell survival. (sciencedaily.com)

Mutant forms of IDH proteins found in AML cells, take on an extra function of making a cancer-causing molecule called 2-HG (2-hydroxyglutarate). (genengnews.com)
This thorough understanding of AML driven by IDH mutant proteins allows us to better understand the mechanisms of action of AML-targeted therapies. (genengnews.com)
Drug-targetable vulnerabilities of cancer cells include their dependence on heat shock proteins (HSPs) to support elevated mitochondrial metabolism and counteract cell death factors. (figshare.com)
Staining of embryos by project collaborators in Spain confirmed the existence of the cells with proteins derived from the jumping genes. (bath.ac.uk)
Cell deaths were determined by Trypan blue assay and flow cytometry, and related proteins were characterized by western blot. (biomedcentral.com)
A recent paper published in Scientific Reports by researchers from Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology graduate University (OIST), establishes that in mouse cells, proteins comprising the CCR4-NOT complex are actively involved in regulation of a form of PCD called necroptosis. (sciencedaily.com)
Another well-known cell suicidal programme is autophagy, in which a cell cannibalises itself by degrading its proteins into amino acids. (sciencedaily.com)
In the CNOT3-depleted cells the stability and expression of mRNAs encoding RIPK1 and RIPK3 proteins, which are directly associated with necroptosis, are increased. (sciencedaily.com)
This leads to build-up of death-triggering proteins and cell demise. (sciencedaily.com)
Our results indicate that several dozens of proteins for each cell type, are PE-lipoxidated in HT-22, MLE, and H9c2 cells and M2 macrophages after they were induced to undergo ferroptosis. (cdc.gov)
Pretreatment of cells with the strong nucleophile, 2-mercaptoethanol, prevented the formation of PE-lipoxidated proteins and blocked ferroptotic death. (cdc.gov)

To address the gap in knowledge, this thesis, therefore, aimed to elucidate key processes and mechanisms linking SFN treatment to cell death in the human lens. (uea.ac.uk)
In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which M95 affects cell death induced by human neuroblastoma cell infection with the Nishigahara, Ni-CE and M95-mutated strains. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Resistance to these treatments are due to the cells resisting apoptotic death. (news-medical.net)

Cell death is the biological event that happens when cells stop all their metabolic functions, and ultimately, this disrupts the activity of all their subcellular components. (hstalks.com)
Metabolic adaptations of cancer cells. (hindawi.com)

Acanthamoeba -mediated brain endothelial cell death was abolished using LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor. (asm.org)
These results were further confirmed using brain microvascular endothelial cells expressing dominant negative forms of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (asm.org)
This is the first demonstration that Acanthamoeba -mediated brain microvascular endothelial cell death is dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (asm.org)

These studies suggest that Taxol-mediated cell death may result from two different mechanisms. (elsevierpure.com)
In addition, arsenic induced carcinogenesis may have different mechanisms in different tissues with contributions from all species present in that tissue [ROM 2007]. (cdc.gov)

This leads to ROS generation and oxidative stress that triggers mitochondrial dysfunction, ERS, autophagy and DNA damage leading to cell death. (uea.ac.uk)
The attenuation of metal/peroxide oxidative chemistry, as well as lipid peroxidation, appears to be the major chemical mechanisms by which NO may limit oxidative injury to mammalian cells. (researchgate.net)
Biochemical data suggest that SA potentiates the signal pathway for HR by affecting an early phosphorylation-sensitive step preceding the generation of pro-death signals, including those derived from the oxidative burst. (springer.com)

Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
The bifunctional covalent linkage can lead to cell death via several pathways. (centerwatch.com)
In this review, we first provide an overview of the effect of artemisinin‐type drugs on the regulated cell death pathways, which may uncover novel therapeutic approaches. (rug.nl)
In conclusion, our data suggest that M95 mutation-related cell death is caused by both the caspase-dependent and -independent pathways. (microbiologyresearch.org)
We suggest that DAB2IP reactivation in cancer cells could be a strategy to coordinately dampen multiple oncogenic pathways, potentially limiting progression of a wide spectrum of tumors. (nih.gov)

We use mouse models with targeted mutations to examine physiological significance and molecular mechanism. (umassmed.edu)
Name physiological mechanisms where transport is operational? (fsu.edu)
The overall objectives aim at understanding of these human papillomaviruses infect cells under a variety of conditions, but also to experimentally establish systems that allow to study how viruses in general are impacted by physiological and pathophysiological changes that arise during our life time. (europa.eu)

Thus, the NLRP3 inflammasome is considered an attractive therapeutic target to improve the inflammatory diseases associated with IL-1β oversecretion, yet the regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. (nature.com)

If these mechanisms dysfunction, disease ensues. (ki.se)
Results: High concentrations of SFN triggered mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, DNA damage, autophagy and cell death in both models. (uea.ac.uk)
What have worm models told us about the mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction in human neurodegenerative diseases? (biomedcentral.com)

The effector capability of NK cells has been described in a wide range of viral infections, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C (HCV), HIV, and human cytomegalovirus infection ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
When white blood cells that normally fight infection acquire mutations that cause them to multiply excessively, AML results. (genengnews.com)
Cell death is one of the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of pregnancy, and this study aimed to evaluate the role of trophoblast in the modulation of monocyte cell death in the presence or absence of Toxoplasma gondii infection. (unisi.it)
In conclusion, our results showed that human BeWo trophoblast cells and T. gondii infection modulate cell death in human THP-1 monocyte cells. (unisi.it)
Several important virus families can only establish an infection, if they invade dividing cells. (europa.eu)
Finally, we have delineated how epithelial tissue wounding determines tropism and efficacy of infection for specific cells within the tissue on a molecular level. (europa.eu)
Recent studies have explored the requirement of S A for mounting the hypersensitive response (HR) against an invading pathogen, where a particular cell death process is activated at the site of attempted infection causing a confined lesion. (springer.com)
DNA, which are released from the contents monia AND neutrophil extracellular traps, of neutrophils as a defense mechanism to respiratory tract infection AND neutrophil trap and destroy microorganisms1. (bvsalud.org)

and (5) for the first time in the Jasper's series describes the current efforts to translate the discoveries in epilepsy disease mechanisms into new therapeutic strategies. (nih.gov)
In addition to its diagnostic value, CD99 has therapeutic potential since it leads to rapid and massive ES cell death when engaged with specific antibodies. (unibo.it)
Then, to over-come the shortcomings of artemisinin‐type drugs, we summarize the recent advances in two different therapeutic approaches, namely the combination therapy with biologics influencing regulated cell death, and the use of nanocarriers as drug delivery systems. (rug.nl)

Indeed, specific HSP90 inhibitors prevented LP formation, LC3-II accumulation, and cell death in myoblasts and myotubes but not in macrophages. (port.ac.uk)

In squamous cell carcinoma, researchers have found that anoikis resistance can be induced through hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) activating BOTH extracellular signalling-receptor kinase (ERK) and PI3K[citation needed]. (wikipedia.org)
Cell-autonomous recognition of the rust pathogen determines Rpl-specified resistance in maize. (springer.com)

In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)

NK cells, among other cells, are key effector cells of the innate immune system and play a crucial role in the antiviral response. (cdc.gov)

Its unique signature that distinguishes it from other forms of cell death is the formation and accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides, particularly oxidized forms of polyunsaturated phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), which drives cell death. (cdc.gov)

Arsenic is a known human carcinogen, but the specific mechanisms by which it causes cancer are less well understood. (cdc.gov)
however, processes aiding cell survival have not been well understood. (sciencedaily.com)
There are also less well understood alternative mechanisms of telomere lengthening. (scienceblogs.com)

Usually cells stay close to the tissue to which they belong since the communication between proximal cells as well as between cells and ECM provide essential signals for growth or survival. (wikipedia.org)
One key mechanism that renders cancer cells independent from tissue adherence is dysregulation of the pathway network that controls transcription factor NF-κB. (wikipedia.org)
To enable tissue renewal, human tissues constantly eliminate millions of cells, without jeopardizing tissue integrity, form and connectivity. (pasteur.fr)
Two mechanisms of arsenic toxicity that impair tissue respiration are described below. (cdc.gov)
PCD is an important mechanism in organismal development, tissue homeostasis, and elimination of old cells, which are incapable of maintenance or division, or potentially harmful cells. (sciencedaily.com)

Low concentrations of Taxol induced cell death in the absence of Raf- 1 activation, indicating that Taxol-induced cell death is not dependent on Raf-1 activation. (elsevierpure.com)
9 nM), cell death may occur after an aberrant mitosis by a Raf-1 independent pathway, whereas at higher Taxol concentrations (≤9 nM) cell death may be the result of a terminal mitotic arrest occurring by a Raf-1-dependent pathway. (elsevierpure.com)
Anoikis is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in anchorage-dependent cells when they detach from the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). (wikipedia.org)
Here, analyzing the consequences of P2RX7 activation in primary myoblasts and myotubes from the Dmd mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, we found ATP-induced P2RX7-dependent autophagic flux, leading to CASP3-CASP7-independent cell death. (port.ac.uk)
This study shows that the antiproliferative effects of SNP on HEK293 cells are mediated through cGMP - dependent and cGMP-independent mecha nisms. (scirp.org)
HEK293 cells had an efficient ef flux system for cGMP and the use of inside-out vesicles (IOVs) showed high affinity ATP-dependent cGMP transport with a K m value of 2.3 μM. (scirp.org)
Our work provided new mechanisms for AA005-induced cancer cell death and novel clues for cancer treatment via AIF dependent cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
Ferroptosis is an iron dependent form of cell death, that is triggered by the discoordination of iron, lipids, and thiols. (cdc.gov)

His work is relevant for many diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, in which cells take the wrong decision in this choice between life and death. (ki.se)

In related work, Schimmer's team showed that FLIP levels are higher in metastatic cells than non-metastatic cells, and that reducing FLIP levels using RNAi (RNA Interference) or other small molecule inhibitors of FLIP can sensitize metastatic cells to anoikis. (wikipedia.org)

The NLRP3 then processes the precursor pro-IL-1β into mature-IL-1β and triggers pro-inflammatory cell death termed pyroptosis 2 . (nature.com)
Necroptosis falls somewhere in the middle, with several molecules and processes that can trigger, modulate, and effect necroptosis in cells. (news-medical.net)

however, abrin toxicity is similar in its mechanism of action. (cdc.gov)

Vivimusta (bendamustine hydrochloride injection) is an alkylating drug indicated for treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that has progressed during or within six months of treatment with rituximab or a rituximab-containing regimen. (rxlist.com)
The dose of Vivimusta for indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is 120 mg/m2 infused intravenously over 20 minutes on Days 1 and 2 of a 21-day cycle, up to 8 cycles. (rxlist.com)
Indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that has progressed during or within six months of treatment with rituximab or a rituximab-containing regimen. (nih.gov)

Conclusions: SFN depletes GSH levels in human lens epithelial cells through conjugation with GSH and inhibition of GR activity. (uea.ac.uk)

Depletion of Raf-1 resulted in the accumulation of cells in the G 2 -M phase of the cell cycle, suggesting that Raf-1 may play an important role in the passage through mitosis. (elsevierpure.com)
Accordingly, the epistatic relationship between cell death and SA accumulation, analyzed in crosses between lesion-mimic mutants (spontaneous lesion formation) and the transgenic nahG line (depleted in SA) places the SA activity in a feedback loop downstream and upstream of cell death. (springer.com)

cGMP analogs selectively modified to have inhibitory actions on PKG have aided in impeding photoreceptor death, and one such cGMP analog is Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS. (lu.se)

Use of specific inhibitors documented that AIF and mitophagy, but not caspases, contributed to the mechanism of SHetA2-induced cell death in cervical cancer cells. (figshare.com)

We studied the effects of an Acanthamoeba encephalitis isolate belonging to the T1 genotype on human brain microvascular endothelial cells, which constitute the blood-brain barrier. (asm.org)
We have demonstrated that pathogenic Acanthamoeba exhibits more than 60% binding to human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC), which constitute the blood-brain barrier ( 2 ). (asm.org)

In this review, the clinical trials about curcumin supplementation on diabetes and DCM are presented, and the specific mechanisms by which curcumin might mitigate diabetes and DCM are fully discussed. (frontiersin.org)

Cell death before the viral replication cycle is complete can limit disease progression. (news-medical.net)

Pharmacological blockade or genetic ablation of p2rx7 also proved protective against ATP-induced death of muscle cells, as did inhibition of autophagy with 3-MA. (port.ac.uk)

AA005 may trigger the cell death via mediated by AIF through caspase-3 independent pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we report that AA005 may trigger caspase-3-independent cell death, mediated by AIF. (biomedcentral.com)

For example, HIV-1 induce necroptosis in T cells . (news-medical.net)
In such cases, alternate mechanisms of cell death, such as necroptosis can be successfully induced. (news-medical.net)
Experiments conducted by Dr Suzuki's group showed that suppression of CNOT3 in mouse cells leads to necroptosis. (sciencedaily.com)

We review the mechanisms and consequences of DAB2IP inactivation in cancer, with the purpose to support and improve research aimed to counteract such mechanisms. (nih.gov)

Professor Joseph's work involves looking into what happens at a molecular level when cells decide between life and death. (ki.se)
Another mechanism involves substitution of As (V) for phosphorus in many biochemical reactions. (cdc.gov)

Cell death was assessed by microscopic observation and cell damage/viability assays. (uea.ac.uk)
Cell viability was quantified by MTT assay. (biomedcentral.com)
Dr Suzuki's research indicates that cell viability is regulated by both life- and death-inducing molecules. (sciencedaily.com)

Role of neutrophil extracellular la NETosis en las enfermedades infecciosas pulmonares. (bvsalud.org)

High-expressing CD99 mesenchymal stem cells show mild Ras induction but no p53 activation and escape cell death, but in presence of EWS/FLI1 mesenchymal stem cells expressing CD99 show a stronger Ras induction and a p53 reactivation, leading to a significant cell death rate. (unibo.it)

When cells are detached from the ECM, there is a loss of normal cell-matrix interactions, and they may undergo anoikis. (wikipedia.org)
Looking a little further forward in time, the team found their descendants both have DNA damage and undergo a process of programmed cell death. (bath.ac.uk)
as they undergo cell division. (lu.se)
In cells stimulated to undergo ferroptosis we identified PE-truncated species with sn-2 truncations ranging from 5 to 9 carbons. (cdc.gov)

When cGMP (1000 μM) was added to the cell culture medium for 5 days the cell densities were reduced with 37% below baseline and cGMP in increased from 5.3 to 195 pmol/10 7 cells. (scirp.org)
IBMX alone (1000 μM) reduced cell densities with 48% and elevated cGMP in (from 5.2 to 9.3 pmol/10 7 cells). (scirp.org)
The fall in ratios between GSH and GSSG from 260 to 85 after 100 μM SNP exposure is compatible with such a mechanism since cGMP (1000 μM) added to the culture medium did not change the ratio. (scirp.org)

Here a novel mechanism of cell death triggered via CD99 is shown, leading, ultimately, to the appearance of macropinocytotic vescicles. (unibo.it)

The inherited eye disease retinitis pigmentosa (RP) causes the loss of photoreceptors by a still unknown cell death mechanism. (lu.se)

Method: The human lens epithelial cell line FHL124 and central anterior epithelium were used as experimental models. (uea.ac.uk)
In the present study human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells were used to study the growth after repeated exposure to SNP. (scirp.org)
Scientists studying gene activity data of the early human embryo have discovered an overlooked type of cell which self-destructs within days of forming, as part of a quality control process to protect the developing foetus. (bath.ac.uk)
While human adults are made up of trillions of cells, we all started out as just one cell, the fertilized egg. (bath.ac.uk)
Conversely, the single-cell data showed that the key cells that will become the embryo (the inner cell mass or ICM) don't contain jumping genes but instead express a virus-like gene called human endogenous virus H. This helps suppress the young jumping genes in the inner cell mass, fitting with an emerging pattern that we use our old genetic enemies to fight our new ones. (bath.ac.uk)

The word "anoikis" was coined by Frisch and Francis in a paper published in the Journal of Cell Biology in 1994. (wikipedia.org)

Exposure to extreme mechanical, physical, or chemical conditions can suddenly interrupt the activity of key subcellular components facilitating the demolition of a cell. (hstalks.com)
Ingestion typically leads to profuse vomiting and diarrhea followed by multisystem organ failure and possibly death within 36 to 72 hours of exposure. (cdc.gov)
G , H Long-term proliferative potential was assessed via clonogenic assay after 24 h exposure to G AgNPs or H Ag + in SUM159 Cat cells cultured with or without doxycycline. (biomedcentral.com)
the possibility of complicating medical conditions and/or exposure to other toxic chemicals could also have been contributing factors in the deaths. (cdc.gov)
Environmental factors that can detect specific IgE antibodies against most low-molecular- affect the initiation of occupational asthma include the intrinsic weight agents has resulted in a search for alternative or characteristics of causative agents as well as the influence of the complementary physiopathologic mechanisms leading to airway level and route of exposure at the workplace. (cdc.gov)
In contrast, the mechanism of the type of occupational asthma that occurs without latency after high-level exposure to irritants remains undetermined. (cdc.gov)

Cancer cells regulate the production of 2-HG to keep dividing, preventing the build-up of higher concentrations of 2-HG that would kill them. (genengnews.com)
How cancer cells accomplish this feat has been unknown until now and was the focus for a team of researchers including scientists from the University of Chicago, Emory University School of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, and Yale University School of Medicine. (genengnews.com)
They found that cancer cells modify the mutant IDH2 enzyme through acetylation at a lysine residue that prevents the enzyme from coupling to form a dimer. (genengnews.com)
The team identified a master regulator tyrosine kinase enzyme called FLT3, that initiates a series of biochemical phosphorylation events that results in the acetylation of IDH2, a modification that blocks its activity and decreases the amount of 2-HG in the cell, keeping the AML cancer cells from dying. (genengnews.com)
Glucose and glutamine are the 2 major substrates used by cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
The irradiation and chemotherapy drugs that are used to destroy cancer cells also damage healthy cells. (elifesciences.org)
It also stops cancer cells from dividing to create new cancer cells. (centerwatch.com)
Cervical cancer cells responded to SHetA2 with excessive mitophagy that did not deter AIF leakage into the cytoplasm. (figshare.com)
We'll just turn off telomerases in all of our cells, and then cancer cells will automatically expire! (scienceblogs.com)

Cells can die in different ways by using precise and highly regulated mechanisms of cell demolition, in which multiple genes evolutionarily conserved participate. (hstalks.com)
While we try and suppress these jumping genes by any means possible, very early in development they are active in some cells, probably because we cannot get our genetic defences in place fast enough. (bath.ac.uk)
Co-lead author Professor Laurence Hurst, from the Milner Centre for Evolution at the University of Bath, said: "If a cell is damaged by the jumping genes - or any other sort of error such as having too few or too many chromosomes - then the embryo is better off removing these cells and not allowing them to become part of the developing baby. (bath.ac.uk)

2-HG keeps white blood cells in an immature multiplying mode, resulting in leukemia. (genengnews.com)
In immature egg cells (also known as oocytes), p63 mostly exists in an inactive form. (elifesciences.org)
107 immature T-cells per day competence. (lu.se)

She was an independent group leader at the Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology in Martinsried, Munich, Germany before she became Professor of Genetics at Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, USA and then Professor of Cell and Developmental Biology at Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany. (kcl.ac.uk)
She recently moved to the Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology at University College London, UK. (kcl.ac.uk)

Understanding the mechanisms of PCD may yield keys to curing the above-mentioned and many other diseases. (sciencedaily.com)
It is one step forward in the fight with diseases associated with unnecessary cell death or long-lived abnormal cells. (sciencedaily.com)

Anatomy30

Organisms12

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs116

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes52

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science7

Named Groups1

Health Care14

Apoptosis23

Molecular mechanisms6

Cellular17

Induces2

Signaling9

Alzheimer's3

Proliferation7

Necrotic6

Intracellular2

Tumor12

Inflammation3

Protein15

Proteins11

Aimed to elucidate2

Apoptotic1

Metabolic2

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kina3

Different mechanisms2

Oxidative3

Pathways5

Physiological3

Regulatory mechanisms1

Dysfunction3

Infection8

Therapeutic3

Macrophages1

Resistance2

Metabolism2

Innate immune1

Lipid1

Understood3

Tissue5

Dependent8

Neurodegenerative diseases1

Interference1

Processes2

Toxicity1

Indolent B-cell3

Epithelial cells1

Accumulation2

Photoreceptor1

Caspases1

Endothelial cells2

Specific mechanisms1

Viral replication1

Inhibition1

Caspase2

Necroptosis3

Counteract1

Involves2

Viability3

Neutrophil1

Reactivation1

Undergo4

10003

Novel mechanism1

Disease1

Human5

Journal of Cell Biology1

Exposure6

Cancer cells9

Genes3

Immature3

Developmental Biology2

Diseases2