Maternal trophoblasts. Medical search. Frequent questions

Gestational trophoblastic disease is a pregnancy-associated concept, forming from the villous and extravillous trophoblast cells in the placenta. (wikipedia.org)
This study aimed to explore the potential value of extravillous trophoblast cells collected from the cervix , enriched, and purified using the TRIC method for first-trimester prenatal diagnosis . (bvsalud.org)
A prospective observational study was conducted, and we collected extravillous trophoblast cells from the cervixes of 100 pregnant women between 5-7 weeks gestation before an induced abortion . (bvsalud.org)

Mammalian placentation is dependent upon the action of trophoblast cells at the time of implantation. (manchester.ac.uk)
Immunogenetic susceptibility to preeclampsia may have effect in the early stages of pregnancy whereby through loss of maternal tolerance toward the fetal components, the process of placentation is impaired. (frontiersin.org)

This core is surrounded by two layers of trophoblasts, the cytotrophoblast and the syncytiotrophoblast. (wikipedia.org)
The syncytiotrophoblast is in direct contact with the maternal blood that reaches the placental surface. (wikipedia.org)
The progenitor cytotrophoblast of the human placenta can differentiates into one of two main pathways forming either the syncytiotrophoblast or the invasive extravillous trophoblast (EVT). (ispr.org.il)
Rbfox2 immunofluorescence was performed on isolated primary trophoblasts differentiated to syncytiotrophoblast. (ispr.org.il)
Rbfox2 is expressed in the progenitor epithelial cell cytotrophoblast, reduced in the terminally differentiated syncytiotrophoblast (formed by cell fusion) and conversely, highly expressed in the invasive trophoblasts, known to express mesenchymal cell markers. (ispr.org.il)
It also promotes cell fusion of cytotrophoblast to syncytiotrophoblast and maternal myometrial spiral artery angiogenesis. (ibms.org)
The syncytiotrophoblast covers the villous tree and has several functions, such as transport of gases, nutrients, and waste products and synthesis of peptide and steroid hormones that regulate placental, fetal, and maternal systems. (medscape.com)

After the first differentiation, the cells in the human embryo lose their totipotency because they can no longer form a trophoblast. (wikipedia.org)
Rbfox2, by conferring mRNA diversity, may act as a master regulator switch in trophoblast differentiation to either the fusion or invasive pathways. (ispr.org.il)
Preeclamptic placentas are characterized by various defects like deregulated differentiation and impaired fusion of trophoblasts. (uni-frankfurt.de)
These data suggest that an accurately regulated expression of BCL6 is important for proper differentiation and successful syncytialization of trophoblasts. (uni-frankfurt.de)
While deregulated BCL6 is linked to lymphomagenesis by blocking lymphocyte terminal differentiation, increased BCL6 in the placenta contributes to the development of preeclampsia by impairing trophoblast differentiation and fusion. (uni-frankfurt.de)

Invasion of the trophoblast too deeply may cause conditions such as placenta accreta, placenta increta, or placenta percreta. (wikipedia.org)
Introduction Placenta accreta is an increasingly prevalent cause of maternal morbidity/mortality. (bmj.com)

The invasion of a specific type of trophoblast (extravillous trophoblast) into the maternal uterus is a vital stage in the establishment of pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
The histomorphology analysis of placentas from tolcapone treated mice exhibited abnormalities in trophoblast layer and the hampered trophoblast invasion in decidua. (biorxiv.org)
In mechanistic study, we revealed that tolcapone inhibited the invasion and migration of trophoblast in vitro , with the changes in protein expressions of Snail, Twist and E-cadherin. (biorxiv.org)
In conclusion, tolcapone causes embryo lethality and growth restriction in early gestation, while in mid-gestation tolcapone causes preeclampsia-like phenotypes in mice with defective trophoblast invasion. (biorxiv.org)
Decidua is, at least focally, defective and abnormal uterine invasion by extravillous trophoblast (EVT) has been proposed. (bmj.com)
Our results emphasise the crucial role of decidua in control of trophoblast invasion and SA transformation. (bmj.com)
Invasion of placental trophoblast cells into the maternal spiral arteries is too shallow, leading to inadequate placental perfusion and hypoxia [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Specifically, the shallow invasion of the placenta is an important factor in PE, as it causes long-term ischemia and hypoxia in trophoblasts. (hindawi.com)
These data suggest BCL6 as a crucial player in the migration and invasion of trophoblasts in the early stages of placental development through the regulation of various genes associated with the migratory machinery. (uni-frankfurt.de)

It affects 3%-7% of all pregnancies [ 10 ] and is a major cause of maternal and fetal mortality. (hindawi.com)
It remains a leading endostatin as an angiogenic inhibitor in cause of maternal and neonatal mortality patients with pre-eclampsia. (who.int)

Preeclampsia occurs in 3% of pregnancies ( 3 ), and it is one of the most important causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. (frontiersin.org)

Some of these trophoblasts even replace the endothelial cells in the uterine spiral arteries as they remodel these vessels into wide bore conduits that are independent of maternal vasoconstriction. (wikipedia.org)
Trophoblast cells (fetal) and endothelial cells (maternal) express sFlt1. (frontiersin.org)

However, in all species it has the same fundamental function, to nourish the growing fetus, by establishing contact with the maternal blood circulation [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

After blastulation, the trophoblast is contiguous with the ectoderm of the embryo and is referred to as the trophectoderm. (wikipedia.org)
Trophoblasts are specialized cells of the placenta that play an important role in embryo implantation and interaction with the decidualized maternal uterus. (wikipedia.org)
Taking tolcapone in mid-gestation barely caused embryo lethality, however, the mice developed preeclampsia-like phenotypes, including maternal hypertension, proteinuria and fetal growth restriction. (biorxiv.org)
Magnuson pointed out that X inactivation also occurs within the embryo itself, not just in early placental (trophoblast) material surrounding the embryo. (sciencedaily.com)
It's a crucial part of early pregnancy-this outer layer (called the trophoblast) provides the embryo with nutrients and later forms part of the placenta and fetal membranes, says Julia Kfouri, a maternal fetal medicine specialist at Mount Sinai Hospital and an assistant professor in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology at the University of Toronto. (todaysparent.com)
During implantation, the trophoblast cells of the embryo invade the uterine lining and establish a connection with the maternal blood supply. (momjunction.com)

Failure of the trophoblast to invade sufficiently is important in the development of some cases of pre-eclampsia. (wikipedia.org)
The results indicated that maternal leukocytes invade the amnion and chorion in chorioamnionitis and we suggest that this is part of the maternal inflammatory response to intrauterine infection. (nih.gov)
At 8 weeks of gestation, the trophoblast cells invade from the placenta into the maternal tissue and into the uterine arteries. (frontiersin.org)

Cell-free nucleic acids (cf-NAs) originate in trophoblasts and are detected in the maternal plasma. (koreamed.org)
EVs shuttle cargoes of bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, from trophoblasts to the recipient cells, modifying gene expression and biology in the cells. (rochester.edu)

These endovascular trophoblast cells facilitate the remodeling of spiral uterine arteries, which is essential for a healthy pregnancy. (frontiersin.org)

Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-related disorder associated with maternal hypertension and placental dysfunction. (lu.se)
Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Deficiency in the invasiveness of trophoblasts is associated with a spectrum of gestational diseases, such as preeclampsia (PE). (uni-frankfurt.de)

Study 1 investigated the effects of maternal choline supplementation (MCS) on pregnancy outcomes in Dlx3+/- mice. (cornell.edu)

However, this occurs randomly since about 50 percent of the time either the paternal or a maternal X chromosome is shut down. (sciencedaily.com)
We suggested that the genome undergoes specific imprinting during gametogenesis 3 and that some paternal genes may be necessary for normal development of the extraembryonic tissues 3,4 , in which only the maternal X chromosome remains active 5-9 . (nature.com)
Our combined results indicate that while the paternal genome is essential for the normal development of extraembryonic tissues, the maternal genome may be essential for some stages of embryogenesis. (nature.com)
One possible mechanism for autoantibody generation may be aberrant expression of fetal major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II on trophoblasts and amniochorionic stromal cells permits maternal detection of paternal MHC-II. (medscape.com)
Thus, BP180 may be presented to maternal MHC-II in the presence of paternal MHC-II and recognized as a foreign antigen, leading to the formation of antibodies that are cross-reactive toward BP180 in the epidermis. (medscape.com)
No visible phenotype was observed upon paternal or maternal transmission of the deletion, which encompasses the Th gene. (geneimprint.com)
Surprisingly, the paternal delta and M2 alleles of Mash2 can rescue the lethality of a maternal null allele in 13 to 30% of trans heterozygotes. (geneimprint.com)

The pregnancy category C means animal studies showed risk to fetus and studies on humans are unavailable, while potential benefits in maternal disease control may outweigh the potential risks to fetus. (biorxiv.org)
The successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy relies on a series of complex interactions between the developing fetus and maternal environment. (ispr.org.il)
During a healthy pregnancy, numerous immunosuppressive processes take place that allow the allograft fetus to thrive under exposure to humoral and cellular components of the maternal immune system. (frontiersin.org)
Placental trophoblasts are a major cell type of placenta and play important roles in many critical processes during pregnancy, including implantation, hormone production and regulation, immune protection of the fetus, and nutrient supply. (rochester.edu)
Maternal viral load, human immunodeficiency virus coinfection, prolonged rupture of membranes, fetal exposure to maternal infected blood consequent to vaginal or perineal lacerations and invasive monitoring of fetus increase the risk of viral transmission. (wjgnet.com)

Leukocytes, trophoblast and mesenchymal cells were identified using immunohistochemistry for CD45, cytokeratin-7 and vimentin, respectively. (nih.gov)

Primary trophoblast differentiated to syncytium in cell culture, produced bHcg, lost e-cadherin expression at cell borders as an indicator of cell fusion and displayed reduced Rbfox2 expression. (ispr.org.il)

In addition, cytotrophoblasts in the tips of villi can differentiate into another type of trophoblast called the extravillous trophoblast. (wikipedia.org)
The expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the first trimester of pregnancy was reported only for villous cytotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts, but not for syncytiotrophoblasts. (springer.com)

We observed enhanced spreading and cell division within proliferative and secondary trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) emerging from explants isolated from LPD-fed females when compared with NPD and Emb-LPD explants after 24 and 48â€Šh. (manchester.ac.uk)
We observed enhanced spreading and cell division within proliferative and secondary trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) emerging from explants isolated from LPD-fed females when compared with NPD and Emb-LPD explants after 24 and 48{\^a}€{\v S}h. (manchester.ac.uk)
Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) are cells that can regenerate and they are similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the fact that they come from early on in the trophoblast lifetime. (wikipedia.org)
In the placenta, these stem cells are able to differentiate into any trophoblast cell because they are pluripotent. (wikipedia.org)
Leukocytes present in the chorion and amnion were labelled XX, indicating maternal origin, and these cells were immunoreactive for the leukocyte marker CD45 but not for vimentin or cytokeratin-7. (nih.gov)
Invading trophoblast cells will encounter maternal complement system (C) in the decidua and in the intervillous space. (frontiersin.org)
Trophoblast giant cells and SA transformation are reduced in accreta areas with no decidua. (bmj.com)
The cells actively release extracellular vesicles (EVs), nano-sized (.05-1 μm) membrane-bound vesicles, into the maternal and the fetal circulation. (rochester.edu)
This study aimed to identify the effects of mild-steel (MS) and stainless-steel (SS) welding fume exposures on first-trimester placental trophoblast cells, using the HTR-8/SVneo cell line. (cdc.gov)
Retrieval of Trophoblast Cells from the Cervical Canal: A Promising Non-invasive Method for Prenatal Diagnosis. (bvsalud.org)
Extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) cells have shown promise for their application in non-invasive prenatal diagnosis during the first trimester . (bvsalud.org)
The Trophoblast Retrieval and Isolation from the Cervix (TRIC) method allows for the isolation of homogeneous trophoblast cells from pregnant women as early as 5 weeks gestation . (bvsalud.org)
Out of the 100 cases, trophoblast cells were successfully collected from 96 cases. (bvsalud.org)
The collection of fetal trophoblast cells from the cervix represents a feasible and non-invasive approach for first-trimester prenatal diagnosis . (bvsalud.org)
The TRIC method enables efficient enrichment and purification of trophoblast cells , which can be of significant benefit for subsequent diagnosis using the FISH method . (bvsalud.org)

Additionally, with a high incidence rate worldwide (3-5%), it represents a significant danger to the health of pregnant women and newborns and is one of the leading causes of maternal and neonatal deaths [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

These data demonstrate that early post-implantation embryos modify trophoblast phenotype to regulate fetal growth under conditions of poor maternal nutrition. (manchester.ac.uk)
HG can be associated with poor maternal, fetal and child outcomes. (nature.com)

In this study, we investigate the impact of maternal nutrition on post-implantation trophoblast phenotype and fetal growth. (manchester.ac.uk)

Trophoblasts are present four days after fertilization in humans. (wikipedia.org)
The trophoblast proliferates and differentiates into two cell layers at approximately six days after fertilization for humans. (wikipedia.org)
The essential nutrient choline may mitigate some of these impairments, as suggested by data in humans and trophoblast cell culture. (cornell.edu)

Furthermore, embryos in the latter case are very retarded, even though the trophoblast develops relatively well compared with embryos having two female pronuclei 1-3 . (nature.com)
Only the maternal allele of Mash2 is transcribed in the developing trophoblast: maternal transmission of a null allele leads to lethality at mid-gestation in Mash2 embryos. (geneimprint.com)

T. gondii preferentially colonizes extravillous trophoblasts as compared to syncytiotrophoblasts. (springer.com)

The aim of this study was to determine the maternal or fetal origin of inflammatory leukocytes in fetal membranes from cases of chorioamnionitis. (nih.gov)
Without adequate blood supply, the trophoblasts release inflammatory factors into maternal blood, leading to an increase in maternal blood pressure and causing damage to certain organs [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)

We screened publicly available data for trophoblast cell lineage expression of RNA binding proteins, splicing and alternative splicing proteins. (ispr.org.il)
Potential SARS-CoV-2 interactions with proteins involved in trophoblast functions - An in-silico study. (cdc.gov)

Newborn serum beta hCG concentrations are approximately 1/400th of the corresponding maternal serum concentrations, resulting in neonate beta hCG levels of 10-50 IU/L at birth. (medscape.com)

In the next decade, progress in these areas may improve maternal quality of life and limit the adverse outcomes associated with HG. (nature.com)
Identifying how the varying combinations of heavy metals and other materials present in MS and SS welding fumes, along with fume particle size adversely affects the maternal fetal interface and gestational outcomes should be considered an emerging issue, and appropriate measures should be taken to reduce exposures in the workplace. (cdc.gov)

Noninvasive maternal screening can help women decide whether to have invasive testing. (msdmanuals.com)
Maternal serum screening for neural tube defects Noninvasive prenatal screening for genetic disorders, unlike invasive testing, has no risk of test-related complications. (msdmanuals.com)

Marked proliferation of the trophoblasts is observed. (medscape.com)
We have reported that BCL6 is required for the proliferation, survival, fusion, and syncytialization of trophoblasts. (uni-frankfurt.de)

Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Endocrinology. (wikipedia.org)

Rbfox2 is expressed in a trophoblast lineage specific manner in both normal and pathological placentas. (ispr.org.il)

HPV has been found in the placenta and shown to replicate in trophoblasts, which could feasibly explain prenatal transmission ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)

Case reports and rare case series have demonstrated variable placental pathology in the setting of maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. (allenpress.com)

Among them, STR analysis revealed maternal cell contamination in 13 cases. (bvsalud.org)

All placentas were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by RNA in situ hybridization and demonstrated variable degrees of histiocytic intervillositis, perivillous fibrin deposition, and trophoblast necrosis. (allenpress.com)

Placentas exhibit signs of adaptation to stress, including larger maternal blood spaces and increased expression of nutrient transporter genes. (elifesciences.org)
The placentas look completely burnt out, just incredibly necrotic and damaged," says Keelin O'Donoghue, an obstetrician at Cork University Maternal Hospital in Ireland who is part of team preparing a manuscript on the cases. (the-scientist.com)
We are the first to report the expression of ERFE in trophoblasts and indicate its lower levels in early-onset PE placentas. (lu.se)
To characterize the placental pathologic features of SARS-CoV-2-infected placentas, irrespective of fetal-maternal transmission, and to examine the frequency of C4d activation in such cases. (allenpress.com)

Suppression of BCL6 promotes trophoblast fusion, indicated by enhanced levels of fusion-related β-hCG, syncytin 1 and syncytin 2. (uni-frankfurt.de)

Extravillous trophoblasts grow out from the placenta and penetrate into the decidualized uterus. (wikipedia.org)

Results: Focusing on erythroferrone (ERFE) as a new marker and hormonal regulator of iron, our results demonstrated altered maternal ERFE levels in PE. (lu.se)

On the other hand, the placental tissue sheds into the maternal circulation and must be adequately identified and phagocytized by the maternal immune system. (frontiersin.org)
hCG is a 36.7kDa glycoprotein produced by the trophoblast tissue of the placenta in pregnancy and at a number of other sites in malignant conditions. (ibms.org)

Methods: In this retrospective study, we investigated the regulation of maternal and placental iron availability and storage, in normotensive and pregnancies complicated by early- or late-onset PE. (lu.se)
Discussion: Our data supports a deregulation in maternal iron bioavailability in early- and late-onset PE vs normotensive pregnancies. (lu.se)

During pregnancy, the important protective role of the placenta against maternal-fetal T. gondii transmission has been reported. (springer.com)
We conclude that studies on TLR contributions in the maternal-fetal transmission of particular parasite strains and congenital toxoplasmosis are warranted. (springer.com)
instead, it has been shown to harbor both viruses and bacteria, which can further influence the maternal part of periconceptual transmission ( 16 ). (cdc.gov)
Pregnancy and Childbirth in the COVID-19 Era-The Course of Disease and Maternal-Fetal Transmission. (cdc.gov)

Functionally, decorin strongly inhibited placental development by limiting trophoblast survival. (jci.org)

This study reviews recent maternal deaths secondary to HG reported in the UK, Ireland, the USA, Tunisia and Oman, and provides guidelines to prevent these serious complications in the future. (nature.com)

It then facilitates the exchange of nutrients, wastes and gases between the maternal and fetal systems. (wikipedia.org)

This study demonstrated that maternal choline supplementation led to a marked increase in fetal growth by mid-gestation, which resulted in compensatory mechanisms to slow growth by downregulating Igf1. (cornell.edu)

Anatomy13

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs7

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes13

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science1

Extravillous trophoblast cells3

Placentation2

Syncytiotrophoblast7

Differentiation5

Placenta accreta2

Invasion9

Cause of maternal2

Morbidity and morta1

Endothelial cells2

Contact with the maternal blood1

Embryo6

Invade3

Nucleic acids2

Uterine1

Preeclampsia3

Investigated the effects of maternal1

Paternal7

Fetus5

Mesenchymal cells1

Syncytium1

Cytotrophoblasts2

Cells15

Causes of maternal1

Poor maternal2

Phenotype1

Humans3

Embryos2

Syncytiotrophoblasts1

Inflammatory2

Proteins2

Neonate1

Outcomes2

Invasive2

Proliferation2

Neonatal1

Lineage1

Prenatal1

Pathology1

Cell1

Infection1

Placentas4

Promotes1

Uterus1

Regulator1

Tissue2

Normotensive2

Transmission4

Survival1

Secondary1

Nutrients1

Study1