Maternal glucose intolerance. Medical search. Frequent questions

although there is still normoglycemia in stage 1, dysglycemia (impaired fasting glucose [IFG] and/or impaired glucose tolerance [IGT]) is present in stage 2. (medscape.com)
Small hospital-based studies have given figures of 3.2% for GDM and 1.9% for impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) [3]. (who.int)
Pathogenesis of pre-diabetes: mechanisms of fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in people with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance. (medscape.com)
Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance in U.S. adults. (medscape.com)
King H, Rewers M. Global estimates for prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in adults. (medscape.com)
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to an impaired glucose tolerance that occurs while a patient is pregnant. (logicalimages.com)
We evaluated the association between 11 urinary phthalate metabolites and GDM, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and continuous blood glucose concentration during pregnancy in The Infant Development and Environment Study (TIDES). (researcher-app.com)
Maternal risk factors associated with the condition included age over 35, obesity, grand multiparity, postmaturity and impaired glucose tolerance. (psu.edu)
Although most women with GDM revert to normal after delivery, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and/or diabetes, develop in about 50% within 10 years postpartum. (lu.se)
To determine incidence rate of diabetes in all women in Skåne with GDM, impaired glucose tolerance or normal glucose tolerance during pregnancy (inclusion period three years) by means of OGTTs 1-2 and 5 years postpartum and to characterize these women with regard to anthropometric variables, parameters of insulin secretion and sensitivity, autoimmune and genetic markers. (lu.se)

Identification of profiles and determinants of maternal pregnancy urinary biomarkers of phthalates and replacements in the Illinois Kids Development Study. (cdc.gov)
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance of variable degree with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. (medscape.com)
This study will determine how the placenta is affected by glucose in early pregnancy. (tuftsmedicalcenter.org)
GDM characterized by irregular glucose intolerance was initially reported during pregnancy [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Seeking to understand how a mother's health and diet during pregnancy can affect the children, researchers discovered, in mice, that a maternal high-fat diet disrupts the wiring of brain circuitry and fuels the development of excess body fat and other metabolic conditions in the offspring. (nih.gov)
The true prevalence of glucose intolerance during pregnancy in Pakistan is still to be determined. (who.int)
2 , 3 Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), defined as glucose intolerance of varying severity with onset and first recognition in pregnancy, have an increased lifetime risk of developing both T2DM and cardiovascular disease. (bmj.com)
Risk factors include prior pregnancy with GDM, maternal obesity, race other than White, excessive weight gain in pregnancy, older than average maternal age, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), hypertension, preeclampsia , and preexisting glucose intolerance. (logicalimages.com)
Metformin (300 mg/kg/day) was given to obese females via the diet and was shown to achieve clinically relevant concentrations in maternal serum (1669±568 nM in late pregnancy). (ljmu.ac.uk)
Obese dams developed glucose intolerance during pregnancy and had reduced uterine artery compliance. (ljmu.ac.uk)
Metabolically, obese women have increased insulin resistance in early pregnancy, which becomes manifest clinically in late gestation as glucose intolerance and fetal overgrowth. (bmj.com)
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as a glucose intolerance (of any degree), which occurs during pregnancy (B. Metzger et al . (ilsi.eu)
Sex-specific effects of maternal metformin intervention during glucose-intolerant obese pregnancy on body composition and metabolic health in aged mouse offspring. (cam.ac.uk)
Impact of metformin treatment during pregnancy on maternal outcomes: a systematic review/meta-analysis. (cam.ac.uk)
Maintaining maternal health optimizes the success for positive pregnancy outcomes. (apecguidelines.org)
idiopathic) and Type 2 (insulin resistance), and gestational diabetes (GDM- glucose intolerance during pregnancy). (picmonic.com)
Glucose intolerance is a classic sign of gestational diabetes in which the body does not produce adequate amounts of insulin to deal with increased blood sugar that occurs during pregnancy. (picmonic.com)
Information is shown for the items: Risk factors in this pregnancy, Obstetric procedures, Characteristics of Objectives --This is the first report to present maternal and infant labor and delivery, Method of delivery, Abnormal conditions of the health information exclusive to the 2003 revision of the U.S. Standard newborn, and Congenital anomalies of the newborn. (cdc.gov)
GDM is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term offspring and maternal complications. (e-dmj.org)
Studies included women with pre-pregnancy diabetes, both Type 1 (insulin deficiency) and Type 2 (insulin resistance), as well as diabetes first diagnosed in pregnancy (GDM), which, I should add, doesn't preclude having prior glucose metabolism problems but just means it was first picked up in pregnancy. (lamaze.org)
Women aged 18 and above with a which is defined as glucose intolerance or potential threats to the comfort and GDM history based on the gestational with the onset or first detection dur- well-being of pregnant women and their diabetes clinic files at UNRWA were ing pregnancy, is said to complicate families [8]. (who.int)
Moreover the offspring of women with abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy are at higher risk of developing insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes at an early age. (lu.se)

Insulin secreted by the fetal pancreas in response to maternal glucose concentrations is a key growth factor. (nih.gov)
Monogenic diseases that impair sensing of glucose, lower insulin secretion, or increase insulin resistance are associated with impaired fetal growth. (nih.gov)
Muscle glucose uptake and signaling were measured ex vivo in fetal ( n = 5-8/group) and juvenile ( n = 8/group) offspring. (diabetesjournals.org)
Maternal WSD reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and impaired insulin signaling at the level of Akt phosphorylation in fetal muscle. (diabetesjournals.org)
however, its wider effects on maternal and fetal health are poorly explored. (ljmu.ac.uk)
Despite normalisation of maternal parameters, metformin did not correct placental structure or fetal growth restriction. (ljmu.ac.uk)
This review focuses on specific aspects of care: glucose metabolism, targeted aspirin prophylaxis, clotting and immune disorders, sleep positions, fetal movement monitoring, and preconception and interconception health. (bmj.com)
Although there is no unifying mechanism responsible for the adverse perinatal outcomes associated with maternal obesity, on the basis of the available data, increased prepregnancy maternal insulin resistance and accompanying hyperinsulinemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress seem to contribute to early placental and fetal dysfunction. (bmj.com)
The focus will be on treatment options via diet and lifestyle based on their effect on selected maternal and fetal outcomes. (ilsi.eu)
This will fill an essential knowledge gap regarding whether metformin might plausibly be investigated as a preventative treatment for pre-eclampsia, a major cause of maternal and fetal mortality globally. (cam.ac.uk)
It has been widely demonstrated that adverse environmental factors in prenatal period cause changes in the normal pattern of fetal growth and development, leading to a susceptible phenotype, in adulthood, to diseases such as hypertension, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia , hyperinsulinemia and obesity. (fapesp.br)
That may be true, but I wouldn't let medications that manipulate maternal and possibly fetal glucose metabolism off the hook so easily. (lamaze.org)
Arab ethnicities have high prevalence risk factors will provide information to based upon the results of both the rates of GDM related to parity, body strengthen public health measures and fasting sample and/or the two-hour mass index (BMI) and maternal age help to prevent maternal, fetal and neo- OGTT test. (who.int)

We used a Japanese macaque model to investigate whether maternal obesity combined with a Western-style diet (WSD) impairs offspring muscle insulin action. (diabetesjournals.org)
Maternal obesity is a global problem that increases the risk of short- and long-term adverse outcomes for mother and child, many of which are linked to gestational diabetes mellitus. (ljmu.ac.uk)
In this study we used a mouse (C57Bl6/J) model of diet-induced (high sugar/high fat) maternal obesity to explore the impact of metformin on maternal and feto-placental health. (ljmu.ac.uk)
NKX2-2 mutation causes congenital diabetes and infantile obesity with paradoxical glucose-induced ghrelin secretion. (espeyearbook.org)
There are a large number of epidemiological studies suggesting that such relationships exist- for example from children exposed to maternal obesity or under-nutrition- however the molecular mechanisms mediating such phenomena are not understood. (cam.ac.uk)
These intervention studies have provided vital clues as to the mechanism underlying the programming of offspring cardio-metabolic disorders in maternal obesity and we have shown rescue of some of the detrimental phenotypes in the offspring. (cam.ac.uk)
We have recently identified a subset of hepatic mircoRNAs sensitive to programming by maternal obesity, and used in vitro techniques to show a role for one of these microRNAs in development of early hepatic steatosis. (cam.ac.uk)
We have shown that increased weight gain observed in offspring exposed to maternal obesity is associated with hyperphagia, implicating altered central regulation of food intake as an underlying cause. (cam.ac.uk)
Our research shows that exposure to maternal obesity results in disruption of early hypothalamic development, and altered anatomy and the expression of key feeding pathways in adulthood. (cam.ac.uk)
We are using a combination of molecular and physiological techniques to define the metabolic parameters that mediate the effects of maternal obesity on hypothalamic development, and establish whether this disrupted development underlies the hyperphagia- and ultimately obesity- we observe in the offspring of obese mothers. (cam.ac.uk)
Maternal Obesity, Diabetes Associated with Higher Risk for Autism " and " Maternal Obesity and Gestational Diabetes May Raise Risk of Autism ," no doubt alarming any pregnant person with a GDM diagnosis who ran across them. (lamaze.org)

Vitamin D deficiency in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an elevated risk of postpartum glucose intolerance, according to a study published in Endocrinology and Metabolism. (ajmc.com)
Impaired glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity have been linked to the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). (hindawi.com)
Taken together, the inhibition of hsa_circ_0046060 expression in exosomes from GDM-derived UMSCs can alleviate GDM by reversing abnormal glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in vivo and in vitro . (hindawi.com)
Although the precise pathogenic mechanism of GDM has not been fully elucidated, it may occur as a result of abnormal glucose regulation and increased IR, inducing the disorders of glucose metabolism. (hindawi.com)
1 In the general population, breastfeeding has been associated with short-term improvement in postpartum maternal glucose metabolism and long-term reduction in risk of cardiometabolic disease including type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and myocardial infarction. (bmj.com)
Animal models in multiple species have confirmed that early life represents a critical window of phenotypic plasticity, highly responsive to maternal behaviour, stress, metabolism and nutrition (reviewed by [1] ). (prolekarniky.cz)
Alanine alters carbohydrate metabolism of rainbow trout: Glucose fluxes and cell signaling. (mennigen-lab.com)
More severe disturbances in glucose metabolism may have an association. (lamaze.org)

Phthalates are common plasticizer chemicals that have been linked to glucose intolerance in the general population, but there is only limited research on their association with gestational diabetes (GDM). (researcher-app.com)
Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), a common obstetric complication, is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first popularity at some point of being pregnant, because traditional hazard factors, which include maternal age, weight problems, and ethnicity, do now not explain the superiority of GDM within the pregnant population, there's good-sized interest in spotting nontraditional, novel chance factors e.g. family history of DM. (amhsr.org)

Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in adults in the U.S. population: National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. (medscape.com)
A high (20%) prevalence of glucose intolerance at 18 years was seen in women from the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study (PMNS) birth cohort. (cambridge.org)

Low birthweight, measures of insulin resistance in life, and ultimately glucose intolerance, diabetes, and hypertension could all be phenotypes of the same insulin-resistant genotype. (nih.gov)
Metabolic Syndrome Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a large waist circumference (due to excess abdominal fat), hypertension, abnormal fasting plasma glucose or insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. (msdmanuals.com)

Oxtr -/- mice developed normally, but exhibited impaired insulin secretion and showed glucose intolerance under a high-fat diet. (elsevierpure.com)

After adjusting for maternal age and birthweight, they compared outcomes overall among the diabetes types with normoglycemic women and in pregnancies reaching 37 weeks between GDM subtypes vs. normoglycemic women. (hencigoer.com)
Looking at outcomes in women delivering after 37 weeks, investigators compared outcomes in women with normal glucose tolerance with GDM women overall and with diet-treated and insulin-treated GDM women. (hencigoer.com)
Maternal outcomes to be included are mean glucose, fasting glucose, post-meal glucose, insulin use, HOMA-IR (HOmeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) or any other insulin sensitivity index, HbA1c (Hemoglobin A1c), mode of delivery (number of caesarean sections), pre-eclampsia and weight gain. (ilsi.eu)

The effects of physical activity, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) on glucose intolerance in older people: A nationwide study from Taiwan. (medscape.com)
Hypoadiponectinaemia enhances waist circumference as a predictor of glucose intolerance and clustering of risk factors in Chinese men. (medscape.com)
Participants attended three in-person study exams at 6-9 weeks, 6 months and 12 months after delivery for infant anthropometry (head circumference, body weight, length, abdominal circumference and skinfold thicknesses), as well as maternal anthropometry (body weight, waist circumference and percent body fat). (kaiserpermanente.org)

In addition, the prevalences of postpartum glucose intolerance and overt diabetes were 44.8% and 4.9%, respectively. (ajmc.com)
Lactation intensity and postpartum maternal glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in women with recent GDM: the SWIFT cohort. (bmj.com)

Etiologic types and stages of the major disorders of glucose intolerance are shown in the image below. (medscape.com)
Etiologic types and stages of the major disorders of glucose tolerance are displayed. (medscape.com)
Choosing an appropriate management approach to any disorders of glucose intolerance necessitates a strong understanding of the mechanisms involved in the disease process. (medscape.com)

GDM is associated with the increased risk of several maternal and neonatal complications, including caesarean section, giant infants, premature delivery, stillbirths, and neonatal hypoglycemia, and it may advance to type 2 diabetes after delivery within 10-15 years [ 2 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (espeyearbook.org)
Glucose Profiles in Healthy Term Infants in the First 5 Days: The Glucose in Well Babies (GLOW) Study. (espeyearbook.org)

A suggested explanation for this association is intrauterine programming in response to maternal malnutrition. (nih.gov)
Neonatal insulin action impairs hypothalamic neurocircuit formation in response to maternal high-fat feeding. (nih.gov)

Testing in the United States is typically conducted between 24 and 28 weeks' gestation via a 50-g glucose load and a blood sugar check at the 1-hour mark. (logicalimages.com)
Beware that an early glucose test (done at less than 20 weeks' gestation) could actually represent underlying glucose intolerance or previously undiagnosed type 2 diabetes . (logicalimages.com)

Within a few weeks, mice born to mothers on this unhealthy diet developed excess body fat along with signs of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (insulin resistance and glucose intolerance). (nih.gov)
Prediabetes is impaired glucose regulation resulting in intermediate glucose levels that are too high to be normal but do not meet criteria for diabetes. (msdmanuals.com)

Amylin exhibits several glucoregulatory effects that complement those of insulin in postprandial glucose regulation. (medscape.com)
Nutritional advice on GDM aims to control postprandial glucose levels and to provide adequate nutrition for the developing foetus. (ilsi.eu)

Metformin treatment of obese dams improved maternal glucose tolerance, reduced maternal fat mass, and restored uterine artery function. (ljmu.ac.uk)
Women at increased risk should be screened at their first prenatal visit, which includes those who are obese, are of advanced maternal age, or have a family history of diabetes. (picmonic.com)

Among offspring exposed in utero to maternal glucose intolerance, prospective data on growth during infancy have been unavailable. (kaiserpermanente.org)
Maternal nutrition in utero also programs the developing fetus. (mansfieldfeed.com)

Urinary phthalate and DINCH metabolite concentrations and gradations of maternal glucose intolerance. (cdc.gov)

With type 2 diabetes presenting at younger ages, there is a growing need to identify biomarkers of future glucose intolerance. (cambridge.org)

In Sweden the diagnosis of GDM is based on a 75 g OGTT and defined as a 2-hour capillary plasma glucose concentration of at least 10 mmol/l. (lu.se)

We demonstrate that, despite the functional mono-allelicism of imprinted genes and their unique mechanisms of epigenetic dosage control, imprinted genes as a class are neither more susceptible nor protected from expression perturbation induced by maternal undernutrition in either the F1 or the F2 generation compared to other genes. (prolekarniky.cz)

Heterogeneity occurs in most glucose intolerance disorders, including diabetes mellitus syndromes. (medscape.com)

however, many of the specific checkboxes were modified, maternal morbidity (including uterine rupture). (cdc.gov)

Many general maternal health interventions also reduce the risk of stillbirth, for example, antenatal care attendance. (bmj.com)
High maternal weight is associated with a higher risk of GDM. (ilsi.eu)
Validation of these findings in males and remaining participants from the PMNS birth cohort will provide a unique opportunity to study novel epigenetic mechanisms in the life-course progression of glucose intolerance and enhance current clinical risk prediction of pre-diabetes and progression to type 2 diabetes. (cambridge.org)
Bailbe D, Liu J, Gong P, Portha B. Effect of Postnatal Nutritional Environment Due to Maternal Diabetes on Beta Cell Mass Programming and Glucose Intolerance Risk in Male and Female Offspring. (u-paris.fr)

This results in the pancreas no longer being able to produce sufficient amounts of insulin to maintain normal glucose. (picmonic.com)

In a state of health, normoglycemia is maintained by fine hormonal regulation of peripheral glucose uptake and hepatic production. (medscape.com)
In juvenile offspring, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was similarly reduced by both maternal and postweaning WSD and corresponded to modest reductions in insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation relative to controls. (diabetesjournals.org)

Maternal malnutrition may be the norm. (mansfieldfeed.com)

Glucose intolerance is an umbrella term for a group of metabolic conditions that result in higher than normal blood glucose levels. (medscape.com)
The World Health Organisation (WHO), the linked to the increased central distribution of fat, Ministry of Health (MH) and the Brazilian society of decreased glucose tolerance and the emergence of Paediatrics (BSP), recommend the routine metabolic syndrome10.11. (bvsalud.org)

F0 maternal BPA exposure induced glucose intolerance of F2 generation through DNA methylation change in Gck. (human-exposome.com)
Maternal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate alters kidney development through the renin-angiotensin system in offspring. (human-exposome.com)
Gong P, Bailbé D, Tolu S Pommier G, Liu J, Movassat J. Preconceptional exposure of adult male rats to bisphenol S impairs insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in their male offspring. (u-paris.fr)

Insulin was prescribed if the fasting blood glucose was more than 95 mg%, and the 2-hour post-prandial over 125 mg%, after a week of diet therapy. (who.int)
Treatment depends on type but includes drugs that reduce blood glucose levels, diet, and exercise. (msdmanuals.com)

If the 1-hour blood glucose level exceeded 130 mg%, then a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test with 100 g glucose was performed. (who.int)
The mean blood glucose values were 93.46 mg% fasting and 117.03 mg%, 2 hours post-prandial. (who.int)
Blood glucose exceeding 130 mg% 1 hour after the glucose ingestion was considered as positive and followed by a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test with a 100 g glucose load. (who.int)
The glycaemic level was closely monitored and if, after a week of dietary restrictions, optimal control (fasting blood glucose (FBG) £95 mg% and 2-hour post prandial £125 mg%) was not achieved, insulin therapy was started. (who.int)
Home blood-glucose monitoring, though highly desirable, could not be practised for economic reasons. (who.int)
After delivery, dietary restrictions and insulin were withdrawn and blood glucose monitored. (who.int)
The targets for glycaemic levels aimed at were FBG £95 mg/dl and 2-hour post-prandial blood glucose £125 mg/dl. (who.int)
While it can cause side effects in people with kidney problems, it improves blood-sugar control by improving insulin sensitivit-y, reducing the amount of sugar released by the liver into the blood and increasing glucose absorption. (pressreader.com)
Another 2.2 million deaths were attributable to high blood glucose in 2012. (diabetesnv.org)
Almost half of all deaths attributable to high blood glucose occur before the age of 70 years. (diabetesnv.org)
The reasoning is that if early blood glucose values are elevated, it may be related to underlying, previously unrecognized glucose intolerance or type 2 diabetes. (logicalimages.com)
We fit linear regression models to examine the percent change in blood glucose per IQR increase in ln-transformed, SG-adjusted T1 and T1T3avg phthalates. (researcher-app.com)
In our sample of 705 pregnant women, we observed 60 cases of GDM, 90 cases of IGT, and an average GLT blood glucose of 113.6 ± 27.7 mg/dL. (researcher-app.com)

In most cases, the diagnosis of a type of diabetes or glucose intolerance is based on the patient's condition at the time, but not all patients have a set of symptoms that fit readily into a particular class (see Presentation ). (medscape.com)
Diagnosis is by measuring plasma glucose levels. (msdmanuals.com)

If maternal diabetes is longstanding or associated with known microvascular disease, obtain a baseline maternal electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram. (medscape.com)
Maternal baseline characteristics were similar between the follow-up treated and untreated groups. (diabetesjournals.org)

Impaired skeletal muscle substrate oxidation in glucose-intolerant men improves after weight loss. (medscape.com)

levels for both types of diabetes increased steadily with maternal states ( Table A ) represent 14 percent of all U.S. 2004 births. (cdc.gov)
Pooled analysis of the population studies found that maternal diabetes increased the likelihood of having a child with autism by nearly 50% (odds ratio: 1.48). (lamaze.org)

Now of course this isnt completely conclusive, but still it makes for interesting reading when i have a maternal genetic history to high cholesterol ( ie maternal grandparents + mum - and she got it when she was 27 and the docs dont know why) and maternal grandfather + his dad and his brother and uncle are/were type 2 diabetic and mum has glucose intolerance. (thalassemiapatientsandfriends.com)
Women with GDM often have a history of maternal diabetes, which suggest a genetic component for the disease. (lu.se)

They found that 1291 women (0.2%) had Type 1, 1904 women (0.2%) had Type 2, and 57,629 women (7.2%) had GDM while the rest, 735,519 women (92.3%), had normal glucose tolerance ( normoglycemic ). (hencigoer.com)
Here, we provide preliminary longitudinal analyses of circulating microRNAs in normal glucose tolerant (NGT@18y, N = 10) and glucose intolerant ( N = 8) women (ADA criteria) at 6, 12 and 17 years of their age using discovery analysis (OpenArray™ platform). (cambridge.org)

Abstract Ketone bodies are produced by the liver and used peripherally as an energy source when glucose is not readily available. (dentclass.com.br)
abstract = "Oxytocin (Oxt) is a key neuropeptide that regulates maternal behaviors as well as social behaviors in mammals. (elsevierpure.com)

Conditions secondarily associated with glucose intolerance also occur. (medscape.com)

Several microRNAs, including miR-212-3p, miR-30e-3p and miR-638, stratified glucose-intolerant women from NGT at childhood. (cambridge.org)

Anatomy17

Organisms10

Diseases54

Chemicals and Drugs78

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment43

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes57

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science1

Named Groups2

Health Care16

Geographicals3

Impaired glucose t10

Pregnancy22

Fetal13

Obesity11

Metabolism8

Gestational2

Prevalence2

Hypertension2

Secretion1

Outcomes3

Waist circumference3

Postpartum2

Disorders of glucose3

Infants3

Response to maternal2

Gestation2

Prediabetes2

Postprandial2

Obese2

Utero2

Concentrations1

Biomarkers1

OGTT1

Undernutrition1

Occurs1

Uterine1

Risk4

Pancreas1

Uptake2

Malnutrition1

Metabolic2

Exposure3

Diet2

Blood13

Diagnosis2

Baseline2

Improves1

Diabetes increased2

Genetic2

Normal2

Abstract2

Occur1

Women1