• After several days, lymphocytes underwent blast transformation, DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation in response to the major histocompatibility antigen (MHC Class I and II) differences between the two cell populations designated as Responder and Stimulator cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Human alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage are usually poor accessory cells for antigen-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation and poor stimulators of allogeneic mixed leukocyte reactions (MLR) when compared to peripheral blood monocytes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The in vitro effects of MSC-Exo on immune cell migration and responder T cell proliferation were examined by chemotactic assays and lymphocyte proliferation assays, respectively. (nature.com)
  • In the presence of accessory cells, IL-10 inhibits mitogen- or anti-CD3 induced proliferation of T lymphocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Compared to MSCs derived from adult adipose, UC-MSCs may be cultured longer and have higher proliferation capacity [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The exaggerated immune response to repeated inhalation of these particles leads to infiltration and proliferation of activated pulmonary macrophages and lymphocytes, resulting in lymphocytic alveolitis and bronchiolitis with noncaseating granulomas. (cdc.gov)
  • mDC, derived from peripheral blood monocytes cultured for 6 days in presence of interleukin (IL)-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for the last 24 h, were phenotyped for the expression of the co-stimulatory molecules B7.1 and B7.2. (torvergata.it)
  • Blood monocyte-derived DCs (B-DCs), as one group of myeloid DCs, can be generated by incubation of monocytes that are isolated from PBMCs with exogenous granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) for 6-7 days [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IL-10 has numerous biological activities including the inhibition of cytokine synthesis by activated T cells, NK cells, monocytes, and macrophages. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • CD14 is a 55 kDa GPI-anchored glycoprotein that is constitutively expressed on the surface of mature monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. (thermofisher.com)
  • HIV primarily infects CD4 + cells of the immune system, such CD4 + T cells and monocytes/macrophages and microglia in the CNS [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a cytocentrifuged BAL sample, with smears examined at high power, we believe that a normal cell differential is similar to that of horses: 40‐60% macrophages, 30 ‐ 60% lymphocytes, less than 5% neutrophils, less than 2% mast cells and less than 0.5% eosinophils. (cornell.edu)
  • The effects of DP on the clonal growth of erythroid and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors were investigated using clonogenic assays according to procedures previously tested in our laboratory. (bmj.com)
  • There is, at most, mixed evidence that THC and other cannabinoids are mutagenic in standard microbial assays, such as the Ames test, and there is contradictory evidence on whether the cannabinoids are clastogenic, i.e. produce breaks in chromosomes. (druglibrary.org)
  • Endotoxin level is ≤0.01 EU/µg (≤0.001 ng/µg) of protein as determined by the LAL assay.NA/LE are perfectly suited to be used in culture or in vivo (for nonhuman studies) for functional assays - blocking, neutralizing, activation or depletion - where the presence of azide may damage cells or exogenous endotoxin may signal or activate cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • We have generated a high affinity and selective humanized monoclonal IgG4 antibody, TSR-033, which binds human LAG-3 and serves as a functional antagonist, enhancing in vitro T-cell activation both in mixed lymphocyte reactions and staphylococcal enterotoxin B-driven stimulation assays. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The BLZ945 prolyl hydroxylation response was halted by adding Laemmli test stream and examined by immunoblot assays using anti-hydroxyproline antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, MA). (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • Microfluidic assays Microfluidic tests had been performed as previously explained (Lin for 60 minutes at 37C. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • T lymphocytes and cytokines are believed to cause the characteristic inflammatory changes appreciated on histopathologic examination of lesions. (medscape.com)
  • NK1.1 (Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B, member 1, KLRB1, NKR-P1A, CD161, cluster of differentiation 161), refers to Natural Killer (NK) cells, lymphocytes that mediate cytotoxicity and secrete cytokines after immune stimulation. (thermofisher.com)
  • Immune-activated, infiltrating macrophages and resident microglia can harbor HIV in the CNS and start producing neurotoxins, such as excitatory amino acids, arachidonic acid derivatives, free radicals, and pro-inflammatory cytokines [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast to other cancers such as adenocarcinomas of the lung or melanoma, primary brain tumors like GB and low grade gliomas (LGG) are known as rather immunologically "cold" tumors, typically with low numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) ( 4 ), and the mere amount of TILs is not associated with patient survival ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Progressive upregulation of checkpoints on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes promotes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, severely compromising tumor immunity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • These nodules initially contain macrophages, lymphocytes, mast cells, fibroblasts with disorganized patches of collagen, and scattered birefringent particles that are best seen with polarized light microscopy. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We examined the concentration of CHI3L1 in the culture medium of splenocytes and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) from wild-type or Rab37 knockout mice, and macrophage or T cell lines expressing wild type, active GTP-bound or inactive GDP-bound Rab37. (thno.org)
  • Prepare specimen mixtures in separate 15-mL tube: Mix 5 mL of blood/bone marrow aspirate with 5 mL of PBS. (mdanderson.org)
  • Rab37 mediated CHI3L1 intracellular vesicle trafficking and exocytosis in a GTP-dependent manner, which is abolished in the splenocytes and BMDMs from Rab37 knockout mice and attenuated in macrophage or T cell lines expressing the inactive Rab37. (thno.org)
  • Pulmonary function tests revealed restriction and obstruction with low diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide and partial pressure of oxygen. (ersjournals.com)
  • Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and arterial blood gas data are summarised in table 1 ⇓ , and were characterised by a mixed pattern of restriction and obstruction with low diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide ( D L,CO ) and partial pressure of oxygen. (ersjournals.com)
  • While pulmonary symptoms quickly improved under conventional tuberculostatic drugs, skin ulcers showed positive cultures for 5 months and healed after 12 months of treatment. (medihelp.life)
  • But with higher-intensity or more prolonged exposures (complicated chronic silicosis), these nodules coalesce and cause progressive fibrosis and reduction of lung volumes (total lung capacity, vital capacity) on pulmonary function tests, or they coalesce, sometimes forming large conglomerate masses (called progressive massive fibrosis). (msdmanuals.com)
  • We conclude that there are potent accessory cells in human lung that are loosely adherent, Fc receptor negative, and poorly phagocytic, and thus are dissimilar from classic macrophages. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Store undiluted at 4°C. The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The JES5-16E3 antibody is useful for flow cytometric analysis to identify and enumerate IL-10 producing cells within mixed cell populations. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • antibody inhibited SP-enhanced HIV replication in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). (opioid-receptors.com)
  • 6 SAR156497 7 SP has SAR156497 an autocrine regulation role in macrophage function (8 9 For example in the macrophage cell line P388D1 anti-SP antibody depletion of macrophage-secreted SP from the culture resulted in abrogation of SP-increased IL-1 production (8). (opioid-receptors.com)
  • Annunziata (21) demonstrated that SP has a critical function in HIV gp120-induced boosts in permeability of rat human brain endothelium cultures which aftereffect of SP on gp120-induced upsurge in albumin permeability is certainly abrogated with the SP antagonist (spantide) and/or anti-SP polyclonal antibody. (opioid-receptors.com)
  • The blood samples were identified as HIV-1 antibody unfavorable by anonymous testing with the ELISA method (Coulter). (opioid-receptors.com)
  • Applications Tested: This 61D3 antibody has been pre-titrated and tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • A test is defined as the amount (µg) of antibody that will stain a cell sample in a final volume of 100 µL. (thermofisher.com)
  • Applications Tested: The PK136 antibody has been tested by flow cytometric analysis of C57Bl/6 mouse splenocytes and can be used at less than or equal to 0.5 µg per test. (thermofisher.com)
  • T cells and macrophages play a major role in the rejection of xenografted islets. (unige.ch)
  • Put simply, it is mixing populations of T-lymphocytes (category of white blood cells) together, and measuring the reaction that occurs. (wikipedia.org)
  • No MLR occurred when the Responder cells came from thymectomized animals, whereas bursectomized chicken leukocytes reacted in culture demonstrating that T-cells were the major cell type in Responder cell populations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stimulator cell populations that also contain T-cells (Two way mixed lymphocyte reaction) will replicate in the presence of the Responder cells, therefore for a One way mixed lymphocyte reaction, stimulator cells are prevented from replicating by irradiation or treatment with mitomycin C, a DNA crosslinker to prevent cell replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • Loosely adherent cells (LAM) were obtained after an overnight incubation on plastic culture dishes of initially adherent mononuclear cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 1 In humans, glucocorticoid receptors have been shown in many different cells, including those of the granulocyte-macrophage lineage and lympho cytes. (bmj.com)
  • As a first step toward the goal of defining the effects of DP treatment on haematopoiesis of preterm infants, we designed this in vitro study to determine whether DP affects the clonal growth of erythroid or granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells in preterm infants, and if the preterm infant's progenitors respond to DP in a different manner from those of adults. (bmj.com)
  • For erythroid colony forming unit (CFU-E) quantification, we used 2000 cells/ml, while for erythroid burst forming units (BFU-E), colony forming units mix (CFU-mix), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit's (CFU-GM), we used 7000 cells/ml. (bmj.com)
  • After colony enumeration, BFU-E and CFU-mix plates were washed and total cells counted using a cell analyser (Coulter Electronics, Inc., Chicago, IL). (bmj.com)
  • There is experimental evidence from in vitro studies of animal cells that some cannabinoids, including THC, can produce a variety of changes in cellular processes in vitro (i.e. in the test tube). (druglibrary.org)
  • We demonstrate a novel secretion mode of CHI3L1 mediated by the small GTPase Rab37 in T cells and macrophages. (thno.org)
  • The secreted CHI3L1 activated AKT, ß-catenin and NF-κB signal pathways in cancer cells and macrophages to foster a protumor TME characterized by activating M2 macrophages and increasing the population of regulatory T cells. (thno.org)
  • In six patients and six controls allogenic mixed leucocyte reaction (AMLR) was performed using mDC and cord blood-derived naive T cells at a DC/T naive ratio of 1 : 200. (torvergata.it)
  • Moreover, proliferative response of allogenic naive T cells cultured with mDC was impaired in the patients (13471 +/- 9917.2 versus 40976 +/- 24527.2 cpm, P = 0.04). (torvergata.it)
  • Each animal was bled twice at 4-month intervals and macrophage and lymphocyte cultures were obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The key cells of the immune system are the white blood cells known as lymphocytes. (britannica.com)
  • T lymphocytes ( T cells ) and B lymphocytes ( B cells ). (britannica.com)
  • T lymphocytes are responsible for cell-mediated immunity , so named because the T cells themselves latch onto the antigens of the invader and then initiate reactions that lead to the destruction of the nonself matter. (britannica.com)
  • Cell number should be determined empirically but can range from 10^5 to 10^8 cells/test. (thermofisher.com)
  • A novel retrovirus, human T -celllymphomaleukemia virus (HTLV), has been isolated from the fresh and cultured cells of two of these patients. (science-connections.com)
  • Subsequent characterization of this virus has shown that it is not significantly related to any known animal retrovirus, is not an endogenous (genetically transmitted) virus of man, and so far has been associated only with fresh or cultured T -cells from patients with T -cell neoplasia. (science-connections.com)
  • 1975) have required the establishment of continuously growing cell lines from the disease of origin or cocultivation of these cells with previously established cell lines, the ability to grow malignant T -cells in long-term culture could facilitate the isolation of retroviruses from these diseased states. (science-connections.com)
  • 1980. "Lymphokine Enhances the Expression and Synthesis of Ia Antigens on Cultured Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages. (rockefeller.edu)
  • The antigens tested included bovine, porcine, ovine and equine osteochondral samples that have been treated in successive steps of photooxidation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transport media are usually not used for throat culture, which is principally performed for bacterial isolation, but are essential for the handling of specimens to identify viral antigens and immunoglobulins. (medscape.com)
  • Macrophage depletion prolongs dis. (unige.ch)
  • In vivo, we analyzed the effect of macrophage depletion on concordant and discordant islet xenograft survival to assess in which combination this strategy can be used as therapeutic tool. (unige.ch)
  • Technically, it is an ex-vivo cellular immune assay that occurs between two allogeneic lymphocyte populations (same species but genetically distinct). (wikipedia.org)
  • Some scholars have found that after Mycobacterium tuberculosis invades macrophages, miRNA participates in the body's anti-tuberculosis infection process [ 5 ] . (researchsquare.com)
  • We have previously reported that Rab37 small GTPase mediates secretion of IL-6 in macrophages to promote cancer progression, whereas the roles of Rab37 in the intracellular trafficking and exocytosis of CHI3L1 are unclear. (thno.org)
  • Third, if cannabinoids have immunosuppressive effects, then this would have mixed implications for their therapeutic use. (druglibrary.org)
  • LK-induced Ia-bearing Mphi were tested as primary mixed leukocyte reaction stimulators. (rockefeller.edu)
  • The diagnostic investigation of dogs with pododermatitis should include the collation and analysis of a detailed history, an in-depth clinical examination and appropriate laboratory or ancillary tests. (vin.com)
  • Table 1 lists the specific laboratory/ancillary tests required to investigate the various aetiological causes of pododermatitis. (vin.com)
  • In general, the initial laboratory tests indicated include the examination of skin scrapings/hair plucks, fungal culture, trichograms and stained smears of exudate or pustular contents to rule out the various infectious causes of disease. (vin.com)
  • In the absence of pathognomonic clinical findings or a definitive laboratory test, the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis remains challenging in many patients, and diagnostic criteria emphasize the caveat of 'no better explanation' for a patient's clinical presentation and MRI findings. (medscape.com)
  • Two devices of each field-study instrument (DRX, PDR, GRIMM, and DC) were used to measure various metrics while adjusting for gravimetric mass concentrations of fine and UF TiO(2) particles in controlled chamber tests. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinicopathologic findings suggested a moderate, predominantly macrophagic, mixed inflammatory process. (cdc.gov)
  • We also measured IL-10 and IL-12 concentration in the supernatant of DC cultures. (torvergata.it)
  • If a large amount of cellular material is seen in the transport medium (cloudy appearance), the specimen is centrifuged for 5 minutes at full speed and the supernatant used for tissue culture inoculation. (medscape.com)
  • Depending on the source of specimen, treatment with antibiotics, as indicated for the purpose of determining sensitivity, may be required before inoculation of tissue cultures. (medscape.com)
  • When the macrophages die, they release the silica into interstitial tissue around the small bronchioles, causing formation of the pathognomonic silicotic nodule. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Canine leishmaniasis in Southern Italy: a role for nitric oxide released from activated macrophages in asymptomatic infection? (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, NO released by cultured macrophages from dogs with natural Leishmania infection living in an endemic area for CanL was evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the first months of the infection the levels of NO in supernatants of Leishmania -infected macrophages were higher in symptomatic than in asymptomatic dogs, but they were significantly increased in the latter group eight months after the diagnosis of infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Culture media include blood agar (BA), chocolate agar (CA), and Mueller-Hinton tellurite blood agar or Tinsdale agar (if Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection is suspected). (medscape.com)
  • Microscopy is of no value for throat swabs unless Ludwig angina (a mixed infection caused by a spirochaeta and a gram-negative anaerobic fusiform) is suspected. (medscape.com)
  • Among leishmanicidal molecules produced by activated macrophages, nitric oxide (NO) produced by an inducible NO synthase seems to play an important protective role, but no conclusive data are available. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among leishmanicidal molecules produced by interferon (IFN)-γ-activated macrophages, nitric oxide (NO) produced by an inducible NO synthase (i.e. iNOS or NOS2) seems to play an important protective role [ 16 ], which is of interest also for CanL. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) is a test used by pharmaceutical and biotech organizations to show the safety of a drug or implantable material. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1963. A reaction between leukocytes in mixed peripheral blood cultures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Supernatants of L. infantum -infected macrophage cultures, with or without addition of autologous lymphocytes, were assayed for NO production by Griess reaction for nitrites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Empty the syringes into the specimen cup, saving a small aliquot from the final syringe for culture. (cornell.edu)
  • Mix the specimen cup fluid and submit an aliquot for fluid analysis. (cornell.edu)
  • Throat culture refers to the growth and isolation of a micro-organism from a specimen taken from the throat. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, NO release significantly decreased in the presence of autologous lymphocytes in both groups of animals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, 5/142 serum samples demonstrated the presence of anti-OPXV neutralizing antibodies in serological tests. (bvsalud.org)
  • Bacterial culture and susceptibility testing are also indicated in cases presenting with (sero)purulent discharges, and in dogs displaying chronic lesions that are non-responsive to treatment. (vin.com)
  • Furthermore lamina propria macrophages obtained from the toxin A-injected ileal loops incubated with CP-96 345 had reduced TNF-α release indicating an autocrine stimulation of SP in the cytokine secretion (9). (opioid-receptors.com)
  • In this study, we tested the effect of local administration of human MSC-Exo on established EAU in the same species. (nature.com)
  • A scanning electron micrograph of a human T lymphocyte (or T cell) from the immune system of a healthy person. (britannica.com)
  • Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is a coinhibitory receptor associated with impaired T-cell function and is frequently coexpressed with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) in the context of human cancers. (aacrjournals.org)
  • However, the clinical appearance of lesions in pododermatitis rarely allows for the underlying cause to be identified without confirmation by ancillary diagnostic tests. (vin.com)
  • In fact, I think these data suggest the need for clinical clarity in differentiating these disorders and a need for a means of testing to distinguish them. (tillysmidt.nl)
  • As part of our mission to eliminate cancer, MD Anderson researchers conduct hundreds of clinical trials to test new treatments for both common and rare cancers. (mdanderson.org)
  • NA/LE refers to the culture and purification methods and buffer used to produce purified antibodies with no azide and low endotoxin: Aqueous buffered solution containing no preservative, 0.2µm sterile filtered. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Standard microbial culture of BAL aliquots yielded no substantial growth of aerobic or anaerobic bacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • SP and its own receptor NK-1R could be mixed up in modulation of HIV infections both and (20) utilizing a RIA noticed that HIV-positive kids got higher plasma degrees of SP weighed against HIV-negative kids. (opioid-receptors.com)