Mycobacterium vertebral tuberculosis spinal. Medical search. Frequent questions

Vertebral osteomyelitis is challenging to diagnose in its early stages and unfortunately can lead to significant morbidity in late stages. (nih.gov)
This activity reviews etiology, evaluation, and management of vertebral osteomyelitis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in the care of patients with this disease. (nih.gov)
Identify the patient population at risk for vertebral osteomyelitis. (nih.gov)
Describe the clinical evaluation of vertebral osteomyelitis. (nih.gov)
Review typical imaging findings in vertebral osteomyelitis. (nih.gov)
Explain why careful planning and discussion amongst interprofessional team members involved in the management of patients with vertebral osteomyelitis will improve outcomes. (nih.gov)
Vertebral osteomyelitis (additionally referred to as spinal osteomyelitis or spondylodiskitis) accounts for approximately 3% to 5% of all cases of osteomyelitis annually. (nih.gov)
[1] Vertebral osteomyelitis often has a nonspecific clinical presentation and thus delayed diagnosis up to several months is not uncommon. (nih.gov)
The aim of this article is to elucidate key points in the presentation, workup, and treatment of vertebral osteomyelitis to support rapid clinical diagnosis and management. (nih.gov)
Vertebral osteomyelitis may develop after trauma to the spine, post-surgery, or via hematogeneous spread from an adjacent site. (nih.gov)
Vertebral osteomyelitis is most often a single pathogen infection. (nih.gov)
[2] Thus a diagnosis of vertebral osteomyelitis should be assumed (without the need for a disc space aspiration or another tissue sampling) in a patient with S. aureus bacteremia within the preceding 3 months and compatible spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. (nih.gov)
[2] Conversely, coagulase-negative staphylococci and Propionibacterium acnes are the most common pathogens in cases of exogenous osteomyelitis after spinal surgery, particularly with the use of spinal fixation devices. (nih.gov)
[3] Vertebral osteomyelitis with alternate pathogens may present in endemic regions and immunocompromised patients. (nih.gov)
[2] Fungal vertebral osteomyelitis is rare but can occur in patients in endemic regions (i.e., histoplasmosis, blastomycosis), immunocompromised patients ( Aspergillus ), and intravenous drug users and indwelling intravenous catheters ( Candida and Aspergillus ). (nih.gov)
The incidence of vertebral osteomyelitis differs, depending on the region and population being studied. (nih.gov)
The estimated incidence of vertebral osteomyelitis in the United States is 4.8 cases per 100,000 and has been increasing in the last few decades. (nih.gov)
Similar to disease incidence, vertebral osteomyelitis mortality also varies based on the country of interest, causal organism, and high-risk versus low-risk patient populations. (nih.gov)
The condition often develops due to tuberculosis osteomyelitis. (healthncare.info)
The most common cause of the Gibbus deformity, which is a form of structural kyphosis, is Tuberculosis Osteomyelitis. (healthncare.info)
The gibbus deformity is often the result of pyogenic spinal osteomyelitis or tuberculosis osteomyelitis. (healthncare.info)
Pyogenic spinal osteomyelitis is a severe, rare condition that is caused by a bacterial infection involving one or more vertebrae. (healthncare.info)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and, rarely, Mycobacterium bovis are two uncommon microbes which can cause Tuberculous (TB) osteomyelitis, also referred to as Pott's disease of the spine. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Vertebral osteomyelitis refers to an infection of the vertebral bones in the spine. (wheelessonline.com)
The most common primary spinal infection is pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. (wheelessonline.com)
Vertebral osteomyelitis mostly occurs in adults, with the majority occurring in patients over 50 years old. (wheelessonline.com)
12 Vertebral osteomyelitis affects men approximately twice as much as women, but the reason for this is not fully understood. (wheelessonline.com)
13 Vertebral osteomyelitis occurs at an incidence of approximately 2.2/100,000 per year. (wheelessonline.com)
Any condition that causes a bacteremia (even temporary bacteremia such as tooth brushing or venipuncture) may lead to hematogenous vertebral osteomyelitis. (wheelessonline.com)
5,17-21 Vertebral osteomyelitis may accompany diarrhea due to salmonellosis, 22 otitis media, 3 dental extraction, 23 infective endocarditis and hemodialysis. (wheelessonline.com)
Any condition that causes a bacteremia may lead to hematogenous vertebral osteomyelitis. (wheelessonline.com)
Osteomyelitis following hematogenous spread of infection is the major mechanism by which adults and children contract vertebral osteomyelitis. (wheelessonline.com)
34 Many now believe that the sluggish flow, scarcity of valves and convolution of the arterial or venous supply leads to vertebral osteomyelitis in patients with bacteremia. (wheelessonline.com)
It invariably coexists with some degree of osteomyelitis, usually affecting the end plates of both of the adjacent 2 vertebral bodies. (patientcareonline.com)
Spinal tuberculosis affects the vertebrae and spreads to adjacent spinal structures, resulting in osteomyelitis, and arthritis in several vertebrae. (cessspinemumbai.com)
Spinal Tuberculosis, also known as Pott's Disease, is a spinal infection caused by tuberculosis that can lead to osteomyelitis, kyphotic deformity, and spinal mechanical instability. (orthobullets.com)

If left untreated, this infection has high morbidity leading to spinal deformity, paraplegia, and even death. (nih.gov)
Tuberculosis (TB) Tuberculosis is a chronic, progressive mycobacterial infection, often with an asymptomatic latent period following initial infection. (msdmanuals.com)
Tuberculous meningoencephalitis is a manifestation of tuberculosis (TB) of the central nervous system due to infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes inflammation or swelling of the meninges (membranes around the brain and spinal cord) and the brain, which can occur even under appropriate antitubercular therapy. (codingahead.com)
Discitis is the inflammation of the vertebral disc space due to an infection. (healthncare.info)
The central nervous system (CNS) is extremely resistant to infection by bacterial pathogens due to a combination of protective effects of its bony structures (skull and vertebral column), the meninges, and the blood-brain barrier. (medscape.com)
8 ] Temporary percutaneous fixation offers reduction of nonfixed deformities of the thoracolumbar spine and confers stability until the vertebral bodies reconstitute with adequate treatment of the infection. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Three major routes of spread are: (1) hematogenous spread from a distant infection, (2) direct inoculation from trauma, (3) direct inoculation following invasive spinal diagnostic procedures and from spinal surgery. (wheelessonline.com)
Infection spreads into vertebral bodies by first seeding underneath vertebral end plates, which is followed by disc and nearby vertebrae involvement. (wheelessonline.com)
Discitis, a bacterial infection within the vertebral disc, typically results from seeding during an episode of bacteremia. (patientcareonline.com)
The spinal canal can narrow due to the protrusion of granulation tissue, lesions like cold abscesses developed in the course of the TB infection, or because of direct infiltration. (cessspinemumbai.com)
Bone TB and especially spinal Tuberculosis is challenging to diagnose because it's painless in the early stages, and therefore one may not exhibit any symptoms, onset of symptoms of tuberculous spondylitis is more insidious than pyogenic infection. (cessspinemumbai.com)
When the recipients are persons without previous natural contact with M. tuberculosis, the infectious process is denominated primary infection. (tuberculosistextbook.com)
Without application of effective treatment for latent infection, new cases of tuberculosis can be expected to develop from within this group. (cdc.gov)
Within the past decade it also has become clear that of the pasteurization of milk and effective tuberculosis control the spread of HIV infection and the immigration of persons programs for cattle (13). (cdc.gov)
Infection after vertebral augmentation (VA) often limits the daily activities of patients and even threatens their life. (biomedcentral.com)

When TB spreads, it's referred to as (EPTB) extrapulmonary tuberculosis. (cessspinemumbai.com)
Osteoarticular TB is the third most common variety of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, accounting for 1%-5% of the total, and with a greater axial involvement, which may be present in 71%, 1,2 producing the condition known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis tuberculous spondylodiskitis. (reumatologiaclinica.org)

Imaging: MRI of D/L spine with screening of whole spine shows T1 hypo & T2 hyperintense signal change with heterogenous contrast enhancement at D4 & D5 vertebral bodies and intervening intervertebral disc with almost complete collapse of D5 vertebral body with similar signal intensity pre and para vertebral soft tissue swelling at the same level with epidural extension causing spinal canal stenosis with cord compression and bilateral nerve root compression. (jmedcasereportsimages.org)
The spinal metastases are the involvement of the vertebral spine hematogenous spread of the metastatic cells. (healthncare.info)
An MRI spine (A,B) to evaluate the back pain revealed a single spinal ring enhancing lesion at T12 with minimal perilesional edema. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
Spine infections are rare infections that can involve the intervertebral disc space (discitis), the vertebral bones, the spinal canal or adjacent soft tissues. (wheelessonline.com)
Posterior element involvement of the spine with tuberculosis (TB) is very uncommon. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
The anteroposterior X-rays of the thoracic spine showed that the T7 vertebral body was scalloped on the left side, and there erosion of the T7 left pedicle and adjoining rib [ Figure 1 ]. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Anteroposterior (a) and lateral (b) radiographs of thoracic spine showed scalloping of the T7 vertebral body on the left lateral aspect along with nonvisualization of the left pedicle and erosion of the adjoining rib. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Pott's disease is the slow haematogenous spread (spread through the blood) of tuberculosis to the neighbouring sites, particularly the spine. (cessspinemumbai.com)
After one contracts tuberculosis the bacterium can travel through the blood from the lungs or lymph nodes into the bones, spine, or joints. (cessspinemumbai.com)
Role of the supine lateral radiograph of the spine in vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: a prospective study. (tmuh.org.tw)
Spinal instrumentation (i.e. rods, screws) and fusion (bone graft) are common procedures performed to stop slip progression and stabilize the spine. (studybuff.com)
Spondylolisthesis in the lumbar spine is most commonly caused by degenerative spinal disease (degenerative spondylolisthesis), or a defect in one region of a vertebra (isthmic spondylolisthesis). (studybuff.com)
Unstable Vertebral Spine Metastasis - Does the Time to Refer Matter? (neurologyindia.com)
Epidural steroid injections are most commonly used in situations of radicular pain, which is a radiating pain that is transmitted away from the spine by an irritated spinal nerve. (unlockhipflexor.com)

Vertebral bodies are common site of extra-pulmonary involvement by TB. (jmedcasereportsimages.org)
Nine months later, the CT demonstrated reconstitution of the vertebral bodies (i.e., volume increase of 6.99 cm 3 (21%) and 7.49 cm 3 (27%) at L1 and L2, respectively). (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Spinal tuberculosis (TB) is a commonly encountered extrapulmonary type of TB that generally involves two or more vertebral bodies. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
We then requested a CT that found a lytic lesion with a sclerotic rim in the L1 and L2 vertebral bodies, centered on the disc, compatible with spondylodiskitis. (reumatologiaclinica.org)

[2] Mycobacterium avium complex is a pathogen common to patients with HIV. (nih.gov)
The most frequently isolated species is Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), followed by M. scrofulaceum , M. malmoense, and M. hemophilum ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)

Infective spondylodiscitis usually presents with acute-to-chronic back pain and may lead to spinal deformity and neurological complications. (thieme-connect.com)
The disease may end up with spinal deformity and neurological complications like arachnoiditis, intramedullary tuberculoma and epidural abscesses 5 . (jmedcasereportsimages.org)

The canal components that contribute to acquired stenosis include the facets (hypertrophy, arthropathy), ligamentum flavum (hypertrophy), posterior longitudinal ligament (ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament [OPLL]), vertebral body (bone spurs), intervertebral disk, and epidural fat. (medscape.com)
Spinal infections involve pyogenic or granulomatous infections of the vertebral column, intervertebral discs, the dural sac or the epidural space. (wheelessonline.com)
localized bleeding (epidural hematoma ) causing pressure on the spinal cord in the low back. (medicinenet.com)
However, progression can become more rapid if epidural or paraspinal abscess, sepsis, vertebral body collapse, or other complications occur. (patientcareonline.com)

Of the 19 patients with postoperative PSVA, suppurative spondylitis was misdiagnosed as an osteoporotic vertebral fracture(OVF) in 4 patients and they underwent VA. Besides osteoporosis, 18 patients had other comorbidities. (biomedcentral.com)
Since its first clinical application by Galibert in 1984 [ 1 ], VA has gradually become one of the main methods for treating osteoporotic vertebral fractures(OVF). (biomedcentral.com)

Gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species are the most commonly isolated organisms in patients with pyogenic vertebral infections. (wheelessonline.com)
The bacteria found when these tissues are tested with laboratory cultures include Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB bacteria). (unlockhipflexor.com)

She was treated surgically with vertebral column resection and 360º reconstruction via a posterior-only approach to prevent the progression of neurological deficit and stabilize the deformity. (jmedcasereportsimages.org)
Treatment is usually bracing and anti-tuberculosis antibiotics in the absence of neurological defects or mechanical instability. (orthobullets.com)
The operation may be one of the effective treatments if the patient suffers from intolerable severe pain, neurological deficits, and damage to spinal stability. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, once such patients develop PSVA, they often experience unbearable severe pain, spinal deformity and loss of stability, and neurological deficits. (biomedcentral.com)

Although the disorder often results from acquired degenerative changes ( spondylosis ), spinal stenosis may also be congenital in nature (see Etiology). (medscape.com)

Spinal TB is a dangerous form of skeletal TB because it is associated with a neurologic deficit due to compression of the adjacent neural structures and cause significant spinal deformity. (cessspinemumbai.com)

Tuberculoma of the brain and spinal cord is also referred to as a Tuberculous abscess of brain and spinal cord. (codingahead.com)

Histopathology report shows Granulomatous inflammation, compatible with tuberculosis. (jmedcasereportsimages.org)
Tuberculosis is a granulomatous inflammation involving various organs. (jmedcasereportsimages.org)

B. Pulmonary Tuberculosis sis epidemiology and information on newer technologies. (cdc.gov)

Although spinal TB is not very common in young children, pott's disease affecting children and requiring surgical intervention have been reported. (jmedcasereportsimages.org)

Back pain in a patient with miliary TB may indicate vertebral involvement or rarely, as in this case, intramedullary tuberculomas. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
Around 15% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis will have extra pulmonary involvement. (cessspinemumbai.com)

Tuberculosis outside the lung usually results from hematogenous dissemination. (msdmanuals.com)
11 ] There is a rare, but serious risk of systemic TB dissemination which can lead to spinal TB. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

There are multiple ways that bacteria can spread into the vertebral column. (wheelessonline.com)

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by acid-fast bacilli Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rarely by M. bovis, which is very common in developing countries like Bangladesh. (jmedcasereportsimages.org)

Sputum TB GeneXpert was positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
In addition, GeneXpert detected Mycobacterium tuberculosis that showed sensitivity to both isoniazid and rifampicin. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

Cauda equina syndrome is a complication from the compression of the nerves at the end of the spinal cord within the spinal canal. (medicinenet.com)
Cauda equina syndrome can be caused by any condition that results in direct irritation or pinching of the nerves at the end of the spinal cord. (medicinenet.com)
Partial cauda equina syndrome is the terminology that applies when there is incomplete compression of the nerves of the lower spinal cord. (medicinenet.com)
In some cases, spondylolisthesis can cause cauda equina syndrome - another spinal condition that is a medical emergency because if it is left untreated there is a high risk of paralysis. (studybuff.com)

This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of the treatment of pyogenic spondylitis after vertebral augmentation (PSVA) with Single posterior debridement, vertebral body resection, and intervertebral bone graft fusion and internal fixation (sPVRIF). (biomedcentral.com)
This study was novel in using single posterior debridement, vertebral body resection, and intervertebral bone graft fusion and internal fixation (sPVRIF) to treat PSVA so as to shorten the surgical time, reduce the surgical trauma, and avoid interference with the abdominal organs of the patient. (biomedcentral.com)

Spinal stenosis (progressive narrowing of the spinal canal) is part of the aging process, and predicting who will be affected is not possible. (medscape.com)
Progressive narrowing of the spinal canal may occur alone or in combination with acute disc herniations. (medscape.com)
Short recovery time T1-weighted spin-echo sagittal MRI scan demonstrates marked spinal stenosis of the C1/C2 vertebral level cervical canal resulting from formation of the pannus (black arrow) surrounding the dens in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. (medscape.com)
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) implies spinal canal narrowing with possible subsequent neural compression. (medscape.com)

Older patients present with more chronic or recurrent symptoms of degenerative spinal disease. (medscape.com)

A Comparison of Three Types of Postoperative Pain Control after Posterior Lumbar Spinal Surgery. (tmuh.org.tw)

Tuberculous neuritis , also referred to as tuberculous mononeuropathy, is a manifestation of tuberculosis (TB) of the nervous system due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes inflammation of a single nerve or nerve group, which can occur even under appropriate antitubercular therapy. (codingahead.com)
Inflammation and tissue infiltration by various immune cells, which can penetrate into the spinal cord tissue through damage to the blood-brain barrier, play a significant role in the pathogenesis of secondary damage. (frontiersin.org)

The target of biopsy can be vertebral body or endplate-disc complex, or can be paravertebral soft tissue. (thieme-connect.com)
Similar lesion is also present at S1 vertebral body. (jmedcasereportsimages.org)
Tuberculoma of the brain and spinal cord refers to firm, avascular, spherical masses in the brain and spinal cord (a group of nerve fibers encased in the vertebral column connecting the brain to the rest of the body), a manifestation of tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can occur even under appropriate antitubercular therapy. (codingahead.com)
Here, we present an exceedingly rare case of BCG vaccine-induced L1-2 spinal tuberculosis with extensive vertebral body destruction and deformity. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
a left-sided T7 enhancing periarticular erosive lesion, marrow edema in the posteromedial portion of the left 7th rib, the left posterolateral portion of the T7 vertebral body, and lateral left T7 pedicle. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
a and b) Magnetic resonance imaging showed enhancing periarticular erosive lesions and marrow edema in the posteromedial portion of the left 7th rib, left posterolateral portion of the D7 vertebral body, and lateral portion of the left T7 pedicle, thickening and enhancement of synovium of the 7th costotransverse joint with enhancing soft tissue elevating the overlying pleura, and abutting the descending aorta. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Spondylolisthesis is a Latin term meaning slipped vertebral body (spinal bone). (studybuff.com)
The spondylolisthesis is graded by measuring how much of a vertebral body has slipped forward over the body beneath it. (studybuff.com)
25% of vertebral body has slipped forward. (studybuff.com)
This means that the cancer cells have spread from the primary tumor site in the cerebellum to other areas within the CNS or even outside the CNS, such as the spinal cord or other parts of the body. (neurosurgery.directory)

The patients may experience radicular pain, weakness, and numbness along the distribution of the affected spinal nerve. (medscape.com)

Radiologic testing such as CT (computerized axial tomography) and MRI ( magnetic resonance imaging ) scanning can document compressed spinal cord tissue. (medicinenet.com)

Tuberculosis is a highly communicable disease caused by the bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (cessspinemumbai.com)

Spinal TB occurs once you contract tuberculosis and it spreads outside of the lungs. (cessspinemumbai.com)

This article discusses Tuberculoma of the brain and spinal cord, Tuberculous meningoencephalitis, Tuberculous neuritis, and Tuberculous polyneuropathy. (codingahead.com)
The terminology cauda equina literally means the tail of the horse and refers to the normal anatomy of the end of the spinal cord in the low back where it divides into many bundles of nerve tracts resembling a horse's tail. (medicinenet.com)
Compression of the spinal cord at this level can lead to a number of typical symptoms of the syndrome (low back pain , sciatica , saddle sensory changes, bladder and bowel incontinence , and lower extremity motor and sensory loss). (medicinenet.com)
Compression of the spinal nerves of the spinal cord can lead to permanent dysfunction of the lower extremities, bladder, and bowels. (medicinenet.com)
Our study of the changes in cytokine profile in blood serum and in the spinal cord after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) has shown that an inflammatory reaction and immunological response are not limited to the CNS, but widespread. (frontiersin.org)
Currently, the treatment results of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) are extremely poor. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, our research was aimed to study profiles of serum and spinal cord cytokines in an experimental animal model of dosed contusion SCI in acute and early periods after injury. (frontiersin.org)

The compression fracture conditions that cause gibbus deformity are osteoporosis, spinal metastases, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. (healthncare.info)

Tuberculous polyneuropathy (damage to more than one nerve or nerve group) is a rare but highly devastating manifestation of tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can occur even under appropriate antitubercular therapy. (codingahead.com)
Classification of Persons Exposed to and/or Infected with year more than 8 million new cases of tuberculosis occur and Mycobacterium tuberculosis approximately 3 million persons die from the disease (1). (cdc.gov)

Although a presumptive diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial adenitis can be made on the basis of clinical history and physical examination, definitive diagnosis depends upon the recovery of mycobacteria. (cdc.gov)
Although radiological imaging has good predictive value for the diagnosis of infective spondylodiscitis, histopathological and microbiological confirmation and drug sensitivity testing of the samples obtained by image-guided or open surgical biopsy are always recommended, especially with the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that are notoriously difficult to treat. (thieme-connect.com)
Ravichandran et al analyzed data of 259 patients who underwent CT-guided spinal biopsy for the evaluation of spondylodiscitis, out of which confirmatory diagnosis could be made for 149 (57.5%) biopsy specimens. (thieme-connect.com)
Though the article provides an excellent information and data highlighting the importance and safety of spinal biopsy in spondylodiscitis, it is imperative to provide readers with few simple but useful technical details that may help the operator to obtain a good sample for the diagnosis. (thieme-connect.com)

Per the Gulhane Askeri Tip Akademisi (GATA) classification system, correction of deformity, reconstruction, and decompression are indicated when overt deformities of >20°, instability, or vertebral collapse are present. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

The route of biopsy is one of the determinant factors for safe biopsy, for example, transpedicular route for lumbar, and costotransverse route for thoracic vertebral lesions. (thieme-connect.com)

Primary spinal infections are described as infections of the vertebrae that are not secondary to an operation. (wheelessonline.com)

Irritation of a spinal nerve in the low back (lumbar radiculopathy) causes pain that goes down the leg. (unlockhipflexor.com)

The symptoms of tuberculosis of the bone are not easy to diagnose until it's far advanced. (cessspinemumbai.com)
For most cases of isthmic spondylolisthesis (especially Grades I and II), treatment consists of temporary bed rest, restriction of the activities that caused the onset of symptoms, pain/ anti-inflammatory medications, steroid-anesthetic injections, physical therapy and/or spinal bracing. (studybuff.com)

The plain x-ray film shows erosion of the anterior vertebral end plates both above and below the involved disc space, consistent with discitis. (patientcareonline.com)

A percutaneous vertebral biopsy may be performed using fluoroscopy and computed tomography (CT). (thieme-connect.com)

in Adults and Children" is a joint statement prepared by the In the United States, an estimated 15 million people are in- American Thoracic Society and the Centers for Disease Con- fected with M. tuberculosis (3). (cdc.gov)

Because the syndrome is a medical emergency, neurosurgery or spinal surgery consultants should be notified immediately. (medicinenet.com)
Comparison of Minimal Access and Traditional Anterior Spinal Surgery in Managing Infectious Spondylitis. (tmuh.org.tw)
Topical vancomycin has emerged as an effective strategy to reduce the rate of SSI in patients undergoing spinal surgery including instrumentation. (neurologyindia.com)
Most spinal diseases can be treated via a single surgical approach with the familiarity of spinal anatomy and the highly developed surgical instruments related to spinal surgery. (biomedcentral.com)

Over the past several years, the prevalence of human disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has increased. (cdc.gov)
The incidence and prevalence of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) worldwide varies significantly according to the burden of the disease in different countries. (tuberculosistextbook.com)

In South Africa, tuberculosis is the most common cause of chronic pericarditis. (sajr.org.za)

All patients with postoperative spinal infections between January 2010 and July 2020, who primarily underwent VA, were examined after obtaining approval from the institutional review board of the hospital. (biomedcentral.com)

Treatment in spinal stenosis can be conservative or surgical. (medscape.com)
Spinal stenosis is most common in the cervical and lumbar areas. (medscape.com)

Tuberculosis most commonly affects the lungs. (msdmanuals.com)

Providers diagnose the condition based on positive reports of the patient's cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for M. tuberculosis, tuberculin skin test, and previous history of tuberculosis or active disease. (codingahead.com)
A. Tuberculin involved in the care of patients with tuberculosis. (cdc.gov)

I. Drug Susceptibility Testing history, previous as well as current disease is included in J. Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis the classification. (cdc.gov)
The "Diagnostic Standards and Classification of Tuberculosis and disease (2). (cdc.gov)

Navigation to the target, acquisition of tissue, and sampling for histopathology and microbiology are three basic steps of CT-guided vertebral biopsy. (thieme-connect.com)

Anatomy2

Organisms15

Diseases15

Chemicals and Drugs11

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Osteomyelitis36

Infection15

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis2

Spine14

Bodies4

Avium complex2

Deformity and neurological complications2

Epidural4

Osteoporotic vertebral2

Staphylococcus2

Neurological4

Etiology1

Adjacent1

Abscess1

Granulomatous2

Epidemiology1

Pott's1

Involvement2

Dissemination2

Bacteria1

Acid-fast ba1

GeneXpert2

Cauda Equina S4

Fixation2

Canal4

Degenerative1

Posterior1

Inflammation2

Body10

Affected spinal nerve1

Compressed spinal cord1

Bacterium1

Spreads1

Cord7

Compression fracture1

Occur2

Diagnosis4

Collapse1

Costotransverse1

Vertebrae1

Nerve1

Symptoms2

Discitis1

Percutaneous1

Adults and children1

Surgery4

Prevalence2

Chronic1

Postoperative1

Stenosis2

Affects1

Tuberculin2

Classification2

Microbiology1