A malignant mixed Müllerian tumor, also known as malignant mixed mesodermal tumor (MMMT) is a cancer found in the uterus, the ovaries, the fallopian tubes and other parts of the body that contains both carcinomatous (epithelial tissue) and sarcomatous (connective tissue) components. (wikipedia.org)
Uterine carcinosarcoma, also known as malignant mixed Mullerian tumor (MMMT), is a rare and aggressive form of corpus uteri tumor. (cytojournal.com)
Uterine carcinosarcomas, known as malignant mixed mullerian tumors (MMMT) show characteristics of both carcinomas and sarcomas. (e-roj.org)
Carcinosarcoma3
the term carcinosarcoma was formerly used to describe lesions with homologous tumors, and "malignant mixed Müllerian tumor" or "mixed mesodermal tumor" was used to describe heterologous tumors. (wikipedia.org)
While "carcinosarcoma" now considered standard, "malignant mixed Müllerian tumor" has a lengthy history within gynecological literature and is expected to continue to be used. (wikipedia.org)
Although carcinosarcoma is the preferred term for this group of tumors, according to the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists (ISGyP)/World Health Organization (WHO) classification, it is also referred to as malignant müllerian mixed tumor. (medscape.com)
Stromal11
Sex cord-stromal tumors are groups of tumors composed of granulosa cells, theca cells, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and fibroblasts of stromal origin, singly or in various combinations. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] sex cord-stromal tumors are classified into the following categories. (medscape.com)
Sex cord-stromal tumors account for approximately 8% of all ovarian tumors. (medscape.com)
Although various markers have been reported to stain sex cord-stromal tumors (eg, CD99, CD56, A103, müllerian inhibiting factor, vimentin), inhibin and calretinin have proven to be the most helpful to date. (medscape.com)
CD56 is a sensitive marker of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors and may also be useful in the diagnosis of this group of neoplasms, especially in cases that are inhibin or calretinin negative, and the differential diagnosis includes neoplasms that are CD56 negative. (medscape.com)
A worldwide database analysis revealed that younger age, smaller tumor size, early stage, and granulosa cell tumor histologic type appear to be independent prognostic factors for improved survival in patients with malignant sex cord-stromal tumors who undergo lymph node dissection. (medscape.com)
the "combination" theory is most widely held, and is due to evidence that the tumors develop from a single line of cells, developing in a fashion similar to the fundus of the uterus from the Müllerian duct - first from a stem cell into a population of cells, that then differentiates into epithelial and stromal components. (wikipedia.org)
These tumors are subdivided into three main categories: epithelial, germ cell, and sex-cord stromal tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
According to the 2014 World Health Organization (WHO) classification and tumor morphology, primary ovarian tumors are subdivided into three categories: epithelial (60%), germ cell (30%), and sex-cord stromal tumors (8%)[ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Malignant germ cell and sex-cord stromal tumors comprise approximately 10% of all malignant ovarian tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
Borderline tumors are characterized by cell proliferation and a minor degree of nuclear atypia without stromal invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
Ovarian tumors6
The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging of ovarian tumors is outline below. (medscape.com)
Ovarian tumors comprise a heterogeneous group of lesions, displaying distinct tumor pathology and oncogenic potentiel. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the vast majority of malignant ovarian tumors (80%-85%) are classified as epithelial tumors (carcinomas). (biomedcentral.com)
Ovarian tumors account for a considerable proportion of clinically relevant neoplasms in females, exhibiting a wide range of age at presentation (from infant to elderly patients). (biomedcentral.com)
Approximately two-thirds of ovarian tumors occur in women during reproductive age, whereas less than 5% occur in children. (biomedcentral.com)
Approximately 75%-80% of ovarian tumors are benign, occurring in patients under 40 years of age. (biomedcentral.com)
Heterologous1
The remaining sarcomas are made up of heterologous tumors-tumors that contain histologic components foreign to the uterus, such as rhabdomyosarcomas , osteosarcomas , and chondrosarcomas . (medscape.com)
Uterus2
MMMT account for between two and five percent of all tumors derived from the body of the uterus, and are found predominantly in postmenopausal women with an average age of 66 years. (wikipedia.org)
BACKGROUND: Malignant mixed mesodermal tumors (MMMTs) are uncommon, highly aggressive tumors of the uterus composed of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements, both likely to be derived from the same original stem cell. (elsevierpure.com)
MMMTs1
Despite this, when purely endometrial tumors are compared to MMMTs, the MMMT tumor tends to have a worse prognosis. (wikipedia.org)
Epithelial8
There is evidence that some tumors are better explained by the composition theory, due to the aggressive nature of the epithelial cells involved which tend to metastasize much more readily than the sarcomal component. (wikipedia.org)
alternatively, the tumor may contain two distinct and separate epithelial and mesenchymal components. (wikipedia.org)
The tumor is composed of two cellular components: Epithelial and mesenchymal. (cytojournal.com)
Ovarian epithelial tumors are subclassified into several categories based on two criteria: 1) the degree of epithelial proliferation and invasion and 2) the histotype of the epithelium composing the tumor. (biomedcentral.com)
Benign epithelial tumors (adenoma and cystadenoma) are characterized by the absence of cell proliferation and invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
These tumors represent 60% of all epithelial tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
They represent 30% of all epithelial tumors and 80%-85% of all ovarian cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
a painless, slowly growing, mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion characterized histologically by cords of polyhedral epithelial cells, deposits of amyloid , and spherical calcifications. (en-academic.com)
Carcinomas2
These tumors are currently thought to be monoclonal carcinomas with sarcomatous differentiation. (medscape.com)
In contrast, 80%-90% of ovarian carcinomas are detected after the age of 40, and 40% of these tumors are detected after the age of 65. (biomedcentral.com)
Uterine1
This tumor, which occupies a small uterine cavity, grows primarily as a firm polypoid mass. (medscape.com)
Endometrium1
CASE: A 36-year-old woman with polycystic ovary disease developed an MMMT of the endometrium. (elsevierpure.com)
Mucinous1
mucinous and Brenner malignant tumors potentially develop from the Walthard nests. (biomedcentral.com)
Protrude1
[ 15 ] A polypoid tumor may protrude through the external os. (medscape.com)
Adenocarcinoma1
The naming issue to a certain extent reflects histological characteristics and development of the tumors, in which the different types of tissues are believed to either develop separately and join into a single mass (the "collision" theory), that an adenocarcinoma stimulates the stroma to create a tumor (the "composition" theory), or that the tumor is the result of a stem cell that differentiates into different cell types (the "combination" theory). (wikipedia.org)
Ovaries4
C: Tumor either Stage IA or Stage IB, but with tumor on the surface of one or both ovaries, or with capsule ruptured, or with ascites containing malignant cells or with positive peritoneal washings. (medscape.com)
Tumor involving one or both ovaries with peritoneal implants outside the pelvis and/or positive retroperitoneal or inguinal nodes. (medscape.com)
B. Tumor of one or both ovaries with histologically confirmed implants of abdominal peritoneal surfaces, none exceeding 2 cm in diameter. (medscape.com)
However, only two cases of MMMT occurring in women with polycystic ovaries have been reported. (elsevierpure.com)
Behavior1
The behavior of MMMT overall is more related to the type and grade of the epithelium than the sarcoma, which suggests the sarcomal portion is an atypical "bystander" than primary driver of the tumor. (wikipedia.org)
Abdominal1
A. Tumor grossly limited to the true pelvis with negative nodes but with histologically confirmed microscopic seeding of abdominal peritoneal surfaces. (medscape.com)
Primarily1
These tumors are primarily found in elderly patients with a median age of 60 years. (biomedcentral.com)
Diagnosis2
The role of urinary cytology in the preoperative diagnosis of the above-mentioned tumors has rarely been reported. (cytojournal.com)
Although the sample size is small, this study highlights the relevance of urine cytology in the preoperative diagnosis of these rare non-urothelial tumors of the bladder. (cytojournal.com)
Rare1
We report our experience on these rare tumors. (cytojournal.com)
Cases1
CONCLUSION: Some cases of MMMT may be estrogen related. (elsevierpure.com)