• Human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I and -II) are presumed to have derived from primate T-lymphotropic viruses with which they share significant nucleotide sequence homology ( 1 ) . (cdc.gov)
  • In relation to "CFS", the most-studied viruses have been the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and the Human Herpes Virus-6 (HHV-6). (investinme.org)
  • Four types of human T cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) have been described (HTLV-1 to HTLV-4) with three of them having closely related simian virus analogues named STLV-1, -2, and -3. (bvsalud.org)
  • HTLV-1 is a type C retrovirus, related to other human and primate lymphotropic viruses and the bovine leukemia virus. (medscape.com)
  • The common influenza viruses have antigens that mutate or combine readily, requiring new vaccines with each mutation. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The 400 known viruses are classified in several ways: by genome core (RNA or DNA), host (animals, plants, or bacteria), method of reproduction (such as retrovirus), mode of transmission (such as enterovirus), and disease produced (such as hepatitis virus). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
  • Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
  • For other human tumour virus- primate species are related to the hu- tween data in humans and in experi- es, the use of humanized severe man tumour viruses, the incidence of mental animals is not obvious. (who.int)
  • Moreover, The use of animals as surrogate rine host, can provide a platform for animal models for tumour viruses in hosts for the study of human tu- in vivo infection. (who.int)
  • Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System? (mdpi.com)
  • Respiratory viruses infect the human upper respiratory tract, mostly causing mild diseases. (mdpi.com)
  • The majority of emerging infectious diseases in humans are of animal origin, and many of them are caused by neuropathogenic viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Retroviruses are single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses that incorporate their genomes as proviruses into host chromosomal genomes after reverse transcription to cDNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first oncogenic human retrovirus discovered in 1980. (bvsalud.org)
  • While human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) originates from ancient cross-species transmission of simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV-1) from infected nonhuman primates, much debate exists on whether the first HTLV-1 occurred in Africa, or in Asia during early human evolution and migration. (bvsalud.org)
  • Serological evidence for virus related to simian T-lymphotropic retrovirus III in residents of west Africa. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The pathogen is certainly connected with lymphocyte-mediated inflammatory illnesses also, such HTLV-1-linked myelopathy-tropical spastic paraparesis (16, 24, 27). (arcticcirclescotland.com)
  • p13II mRNA is certainly expressed in a variety of HTLV-1-contaminated cell lines isolated from scientific sufferers of ATL and HTLV-1-linked myelopathy-tropical spastic paraparesis (5, 36), and circulating cytotoxic lymphocytes particular to ORF II items (i.e., p13II and p30II) have already been discovered both in HTLV-1-contaminated ATL sufferers and in asymptomatic people (34). (arcticcirclescotland.com)
  • For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)
  • Background: No association between the Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV), an oncogenic virus that alters host immunity, and the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has previously been reported. (edu.pe)
  • Antibodies to the HIV-1 major group-specific antigen (GAG) protein p24, and its precursor p55, are the earliest detected after infection by Western blot and tend to decrease or become undetectable with onset or progression of clinical symptoms (4-9). (cdc.gov)
  • Antibodies to the polymerase (POL) gene products (p31, p51, and p66) are also commonly detected if these antigens are present on the Western blot strips. (cdc.gov)
  • Thomas A. Waldmann (21 September 1930 - 25 September 2021) was an American immunologist who has worked on therapeutic monoclonal antibodies to the IL-2 receptor, Interleukin 15 (IL-15), and Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL). (wikipedia.org)
  • In the high endemic areas, 0.5 to 50% of the people have antibodies against HTLV-1 antigens. (bvsalud.org)
  • Antibodies directed against white blood cell (WBC) human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in otherwise compatible donor blood are one possible cause. (merckmanuals.com)
  • AHTR usually results from recipient plasma antibodies to donor RBC antigens. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Antibodies against blood group antigens other than ABO can also cause AHTR. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Serum samples from 85 Austrian hemophilia patients treated with lyophilized factor concentrates prepared from U.S. plasma sources, 24 hemophilia patients from Georgia on a home therapy program with factor concentrates, and 10 U.S. hemophilia patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were analyzed by two different methods for the presence of antibodies to the major internal antigen of human T-cell leukemia virus I (HTLV-I) p24. (jasonandjarvis.com)
  • HTLV-II participants had significantly increased incidences of acute bronchitis (incidence ratio [IR] = 1.68), bladder or kidney infection (IR = 1.55), arthritis (IR = 2.66), and asthma (IR = 3.28), and a borderline increase in pneumonia (IR = 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98 to 3.38). (cdc.gov)
  • HTLV-I participants had significantly increased incidences of bladder or kidney infection (IR = 1.82), and arthritis (IR = 2.84). (cdc.gov)
  • We conclude that HTLV-II infection may inhibit immunologic responses to respiratory infections and that both HTLV-I and -II may induce inflammatory or autoimmune reactions. (cdc.gov)
  • Other possible health outcomes of chronic HTLV-I and -II infection have not yet been adequately investigated. (cdc.gov)
  • Patients with adult T-cell leukemia may develop opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( 6 ) or Strongyloides superinfection ( 7 ) , but clinical immunodeficiency does not appear to develop in most persons with chronic HTLV-I or -II infection. (cdc.gov)
  • We have prospectively followed a large cohort of former blood donors with well-documented HTLV-I and -II infection at enrollment, and a similar group of uninfected donors, all of whom are HIV seronegative. (cdc.gov)
  • On the other hand, zero of six rabbits inoculated with 729.ACH.p13 cells didn't create viral infection, whereas six of six rabbits inoculated with wild-type HTLV-1-expressing cells (729.ACH) were contaminated seeing that measured by antibody replies, proviral fill, and HTLV-1 p19 matrix antigen creation from former mate vivo-cultured PBMC. (arcticcirclescotland.com)
  • In this paper, we studied expression, kinetics, chromatin remodeling of the CD3 gene at different time-points post HTLV-I infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We conclude that HTLV-I infection initiates a process leading to a complete loss of CD3 membrane expression by an epigenetic mechanism which continues along time, despite an early silencing of the viral genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HTLV-I infection can lead to the development of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) in 2-5% of infected individuals depending upon geographic location and exposure to etiologic factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Does HIV-2 protect against HIV-1 infection? (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Plasma viral load in HIV-1 and HIV-2 singly and dually infected individuals in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa: significantly lower plasma virus set point in HIV-2 infection than in HIV-1 infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Does HIV-2 infection provide cross-protection against HIV-1 infection? (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Diagnosis of HIV-1/2 dual infection using dilution analysis of type-specific antibody. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2-mediated inhibition of HIV type 1: a new approach to gene therapy of HIV-infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The detection of HIV-2 infection in southern India. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Low peripheral blood viral HIV-2 RNA in individuals with high CD4 percentage differentiates HIV-2 from HIV-1 infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • GC-resident T FH cells have been fully characterized in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. (edu.pe)
  • The development of sensitive and specific tests for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) progressed rapidly after this retrovirus was identified as the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (cdc.gov)
  • He defined the IL-2 receptor subunits IL-2R beta and IL-2R alpha using the first reported anticytokine monoclonal antibody (anti-Tac) leading to the definition of the IL-2R alpha as a target for the therapy of leukemia and autoimmune diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • A monoclonal antibody (anti-Tac) reactive with activated and functionally mature human T cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this investigation a human RCC tissue microarray (TMA) (n=374) predominantly consisting of the most common histological tumor subtypes was hybridized with an ERV-K env antibody and correlated with patient clinical data. (frontiersin.org)
  • The absence of antibody to HTLV-I p24 in the serum of European hemophilia patients, of U.S. hemophilia patients with no symptoms of AIDS, and of U.S. hemophilia patients with AIDS is interpreted as an indication of the lack of ready transmissibility of HTLV-I in lyophilized factor concentrates. (jasonandjarvis.com)
  • One study showed that transfusion of HTLV-1 antibody-positive blood causes seroconversion in 60% of recipients. (medscape.com)
  • Frequent mutations change some viral antigens so that the lymphocytes are unable to create an antibody that can neutralize the original antigen and its replacement. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • A canarypox vaccine expressing multiple human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genes given alone or with rgp120 elicits broad and durable CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in seronegative volunteers. (lookformedical.com)
  • Induction of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells is considered one of the important correlates for the protective efficacy of candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccines. (lookformedical.com)
  • The botanical glycoside, oleandrin, derived from extracts of Nerium oleander , has previously been shown to reduce the levels of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein on human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) particles and inhibit HIV-1 infectivity in vitro . (longdom.org)
  • Cellular factors regulate transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Effects of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein on the expression of inflammatory cytokines. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Cytotoxic T cells from human immunodeficiency virus type 2-infected patients frequently cross-react with different human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clades. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • In cattle, known retroviruses are bovine leukemia virus (BLV) of the genus Deltaretrovirus , bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) of the genus Lentivirus , and bovine foamy virus (BFV) of the genus Bovispumavirus [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our data will be the first to point the fact that HTLV-1 mitochondrion-localizing proteins p13II comes with an important biological function through the early stage of virus infections in vivo. (arcticcirclescotland.com)
  • Individual T-lymphotropic pathogen type 1 (HTLV-1) is certainly classified being a complicated retrovirus and an associate from the genus as well as the 3 lengthy terminal do it again that encodes the regulatory proteins Taxes and Rex, aswell as several non-structural accessories proteins, p12I, p27I, p13II, and p30II (12, 16, 28, 30). (arcticcirclescotland.com)
  • Latest research reveal a substantial function for HTLV-1 accessories proteins in the entire lifestyle routine of HTLV-1, particularly through the early stage from the viral infections of lymphocytes (evaluated in sources 12, 28, and 32). (arcticcirclescotland.com)
  • Much less is well known about the accessories proteins p13II, a singly spliced item of the next open reading body (ORF II) from the pX gene area. (arcticcirclescotland.com)
  • Following stimulation by HTLV-1 antigens on the surface of infected T cells in the CNS compartment, expansion of immunocompetent T cells directed against viral proteins may result in CNS tissue damage, which may be mediated by cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha. (medscape.com)
  • Mechanism of action of regulatory proteins encoded by complex retroviruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This increased susceptibility to degradation of ws-PrP compared to the classical PrP may be due to an instability issue caused by glycosylation differences between the two proteins. (tam-receptor.com)
  • HTLV-I, but not HTLV-II, causes adult T-cell leukemia. (cdc.gov)
  • HTLV-I has been causally associated with adult T-cell leukemia and HTLV-associated myelopathy. (cdc.gov)
  • HTLV-II has also been associated with HTLV-associated myelopathy, but not with leukemia ( 5 ) . (cdc.gov)
  • Waldmann studied adult T-cell leukemia that develops in individuals infected with the retrovirus human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1). (wikipedia.org)
  • Waldmann demonstrated that daclizumab provides effective therapy for some patients with a previously invariably fatal leukemia, HTLV-I associated adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). (wikipedia.org)
  • We therefore tested whether oleandrin or an extract from N. oleander could also inhibit the infectivity of the human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) -a related enveloped retrovirus and emerging tropical infectious agent. (longdom.org)
  • HTLV-1 may be the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), an extremely ASP9521 intense T-cell malignancy (evaluated in guide 43). (arcticcirclescotland.com)
  • Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a rare and aggressive disease caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 that predominantly affects Japanese and Caribbean populations. (oncotarget.com)
  • No specific sequence differences have been found between HTLV-1 recovered from patients with HAM, those with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma also caused by HTLV-1 (ATLL), and HTLV-1 carriers. (medscape.com)
  • The treatment of HTLV-1+ lymphoma T-cells with either oleandrin or a N. oleander extract did not significantly inhibit viral replication or the release of p19Gag-containing particles into the culture supernatants. (longdom.org)
  • We therefore investigated whether oleandrin or a N. oleander extract could inhibit virus transmission from a GFP-expressing HTLV-1+ lymphoma T-cell-line to huPBMCs in co-culture assays. (longdom.org)
  • B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. (lookformedical.com)
  • Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. (lookformedical.com)
  • However, in a recent study, the protein with a mobility of 160 kilodaltons (kd) present in commercially available Western blots and in viral lysate antigen preparations was identified as a multimer of the gp41 protein (10,11). (cdc.gov)
  • Dr. Waldmann demonstrated that the HTLV-1 encoded protein Tax constitutively activates two autocrine (IL-2R/IL-2, IL-15R/IL-15) and one paracrine (IL-9) system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Research has intensified to understand ERV protein function and their role as tumor antigens and targets for cancer (immune) therapy. (frontiersin.org)
  • Predicated on the lengthy amount of and the reduced percentage of people ASP9521 who develop ATL latency, transformation of contaminated lymphocytes is thought to be initiated through the induction of mobile genes and modifications in mobile activation and loss of life pathways by HTLV-1 protein (18, 35). (arcticcirclescotland.com)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus Vpr product is a virion-associated regulatory protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • To assess the risk of cross-species transmissions of STLVs from nonhuman primates to humans in the Democratic Republic of Congo, a total of 330 samples, derived from primate bushmeat, were collected at remote forest sites where people rely on bushmeat for subsistence. (bvsalud.org)
  • Whether HTLV-II is associated with other diseases is unknown. (cdc.gov)
  • The concept is differentiated from POULTRY DISEASES which is for birds raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption, and usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. (lookformedical.com)
  • TAN and TSP are 2 separate diseases that are grouped together because they both occur predominantly in tropical countries. (medscape.com)
  • The causative agent of ATLL has been identified as the human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) [ 2 - 4 ], which is endemic to Japan, the Caribbean islands, Central and South America, and parts of sub-Saharan Africa [ 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • ATLL develops in approximately 5% of HTLV-1 infected individuals who acquire the virus via vertical transmission [ 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • The pathogenesis of ATLL in HTLV-1-infected individuals may differ from one population to another. (oncotarget.com)
  • These findings prompted us to investigate whether oleandrin could similarly inhibit another related retrovirus, the HTLV-1. (longdom.org)
  • The activation of the Akt/Bad pathway generates a progressive resistance to apoptosis, at a time HTLV-I genes expression is silenced. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study supports ERV-K env as a single prognostic indicator for better survival of RCC, which we propose represents a new tumor antigen. (frontiersin.org)
  • Specifically, ERV-K members were originally identified due to their similarity to the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) and are subdivided into ten so-called human MMTV-like clades (HML1-10) ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • 4) After stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and calcium ionophore A23187, culture supernatants of clones c18A and c29A showed cytotoxic activity against human melanoma A375 Met-Mix and other cell lines which were resistant to the tumor necrosis factor, lymphotoxin and interleukin 1. (comparewords.com)
  • Advances in understanding the role of dendritic cells (DCs) as the major antigen (Ag)-presenting cell type of the immune system combined with the recent development of methods for the ex vivo expansion of human DCs have opened the possibility for the transfer of tumor Ags to DCs with a view toward tumor immunotherapy. (lookformedical.com)
  • We conclude that host range-restricted FWPV can be used efficiently to transfer Ag genes to human DCs ex vivo and may have a role in the development of tumor immunotherapy protocols. (lookformedical.com)
  • These results demonstrated that both oleandrin and the crude phytoextract inhibited the formation of virological synapses and the transmission of HTLV-1 in vitro . (longdom.org)
  • Although initial research reported that HTLV-1 ORF II was dispensable for viral infections in vitro (15, 37), disruption of pX ORF II within an HTLV-1 proviral clone that blocks appearance of full-length p30II by itself or both p30II and p13II significantly decreased viral infectivity and web host humoral response in rabbits (2, 39). (arcticcirclescotland.com)
  • These in vitro, and their expression in these human tumour virus. (who.int)
  • Introduction: tropical Spastic Paraparesis or HTLV-associated Myelopathy (HAM/TSP) is a chronic infectious and inflammatory disease that can interfere with various aspects of individuals life and, thereby alter their Quality of Life (QoL). (bvsalud.org)
  • Unlike HIV-1, extracellular HTLV-1 particles are poorly infectious and viral transmission typically occurs via direct intercellular interactions across a virological synapse. (longdom.org)
  • We then inserted the genes encoding lacZ, luciferase (luci), and envelope of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1 env) into the TK gene of CaPV to evaluate its suitability as an expression vector. (lookformedical.com)
  • Antigen gene transfer to cultured human dendritic cells using recombinant avipoxvirus vectors. (lookformedical.com)
  • CD4+ T-cells and other lymphocyte subsets in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)
  • Single-platform technology (SPT) is designed to enable de- system and managing the health care of persons infected with terminations of both absolute and percentage lymphocyte sub- human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ( 1-4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Collectively, these observations indicate a definite function for p13II in HTLV-1 infections and a potential function in HTLV-1-mediated lymphocyte change. (arcticcirclescotland.com)
  • LacZ recombinant FWPV (rFWPV) was found subsequently to infect human DCs that had been cultured ex vivo from peripheral blood monocytes. (lookformedical.com)
  • This study is a prospective, multicenter cohort of persons with HTLV-I and -II infections, which were detected at the time of attempted blood donation at five U.S. blood centers and comparable HTLV-seronegative donors. (cdc.gov)
  • However, neither rFWPV nor rVV were able to express transgenes under the control of late viral promoters, indicating that both rFWPV and rVV infections are arrested at an early stage in human DCs. (lookformedical.com)
  • In this scholarly study, we motivated the functional need for HTLV-1 p13II in the establishment of infections within a rabbit model. (arcticcirclescotland.com)
  • Molecular characterization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and -2 in individuals from Guinea-Bissau with single or dual infections: predominance of a distinct HIV-1 subtype A/G recombinant in West Africa. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The virus is harmless to macaques or may cause only a herpetic rash in macaques, but in humans it often produces fatal infections of the brain and meninges. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • It is transmitted to humans by the mosquito or tick bite and is implicated in some cases of encephalitis. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Many cases of neurological disease and encephalitis in livestock remain etiologically unresolved, posing a constant threat to animal and human health. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and bioinformatics, we discovered a new retrovirus, bovine retrovirus CH15 (BoRV CH15), in the CNS of a cow with non-suppurative encephalitis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • He studied the IL-2/IL-2 receptor system in the growth of normal and neoplastic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • He studied the role played by the receptor for interleukin-2 (IL-2) on the growth, differentiation and regulation of normal and neoplastic T-cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • He demonstrated that it is bound to IL-15 R alpha on the surface of antigen presenting cells and presented in trans to T-cells in an immune synapse. (wikipedia.org)
  • T-cell numbers were derived from three measurements deter- attributable to the decrease in the number of T cells that bear mined with two different instruments, a hematology analyzer the CD4 receptor ( 5-9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • However, the collected virus particles from treated cells exhibited reduced infectivity on primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (huPBMCs). (longdom.org)
  • A individual 729 B-cell range that expresses a molecular clone of HTLV-1 mutated to selectively ablate p13II appearance (729.ACH.p13) was produced and compared for infectivity with 729 B cells expressing the wild-type molecular clone (729.ACH). (arcticcirclescotland.com)
  • HTLV-I infected CD4 + T-cells lines usually progress towards a CD3 - or CD3 low phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transient transfection experiments showed that the CD3 γ promoter was still active in CD3 - HTLV-I infected cells demonstrating that adequate amounts of the required transcription factors were available. (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to one theory, supply of HTLV-1-infected CD4 cells via the blood to the CNS is essential for development of CNS lesions. (medscape.com)
  • Specific ablation of HIV-Tat expressing cells by conditionally toxic retroviruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)
  • T follicular helper (T FH ) cells are fundamental in germinal center (GC) maturation and selection of antigen-specific B cells within secondary lymphoid organs. (edu.pe)
  • Using survival analysis, we studied medical history data from a prospective cohort of HTLV-I- and HTLV-II-infected and -uninfected blood donors, all HIV seronegative. (cdc.gov)
  • A total of 152 HTLV-I, 387 HTLV-II, and 799 uninfected donors were enrolled and followed for a median of 4.4, 4.3, and 4.4 years, respectively. (cdc.gov)
  • Growing evidence suggests that certain plant species, including N. oleander and N. indicum , may contain pharmacological compounds with beneficial medicinal properties [ 2 - 12 ]. (longdom.org)
  • For this reason, the infect humans, this virus can infect cordance between humans and ex- question about tumour site concor- several other species - including perimental animals. (who.int)
  • In this combined immunodeficiency (SCID) cancer is low in these species (as it chapter, some aspects of this issue mice, in which the human target is in humans), which renders cancer are discussed. (who.int)
  • Due to the close contact between farm animals and humans, pathogens are easily transmitted between these hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A keystone of the antigen-specific immune response is the T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex. (biomedcentral.com)
  • AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. (edu.pe)
  • Human molecular genetics. (psu.edu)
  • Indeed, HTLV-1 is present throughout the world with clusters of high endemicity including mainly southern Japan, the Caribbean region, parts of South America and intertropical Africa, with foci in the Middle East and Australia. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the United States, the lifetime risk of an HTLV-1-infected person developing TSP/HAM has been calculated to be 1.7-7%, similar to that reported for United Kingdom, Africa, and the Caribbean. (medscape.com)
  • Resistance assays fall into two classes: genotyping examines the virus for mutations known to confer drug resistance, whereas phenotyping tests the susceptibility of the patient's virus to specific medications. (health.am)
  • Introdução: a paraparesia espástica tropical ou mielopatia associada ao HTLV (HAM/TSP) é umadoença infecciosa e inflamatória crônica, que pode interferir em vários aspectos da vida do indivíduo e, com isso, alterar sua qualidade de vida (QV). (bvsalud.org)
  • INTRODUÇÃO: A Paraparesia Espástica Tropical / Mielopatia Associada ao HTLV-1 (HAM/TSP) apresenta alterações crônico-degenerativas que comprometem os indivíduos nas atividades diárias, principalmente aquelas ligadas à locomoção. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tropical myeloneuropathies were described initially in tropical countries and are classified into 2 clinical syndromes that can have overlapping features-tropical ataxic neuropathy (TAN) and tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP). (medscape.com)
  • In prisoners of war during World War II and the Korean War, TAN was thought to be caused by vitamin deficiencies and/or tropical malabsorption. (medscape.com)
  • Case series and cross-sectional studies of HTLV-I and -II disease outcomes are vulnerable to potential bias and confounding. (cdc.gov)
  • this file supplies the natural data of preliminary experiments performed using 2 enzyme dilutions in order to discover out the dilution that greatest fitted with requirements 1 and 2 described in the outcomes portion of the manuscript (automated sugars releasing assay: substrate focus). (tam-receptor.com)
  • Investigators in Japan have linked HTLV-I to a higher occurrence of various medical conditions ( 13 ) and virus-associated malignancies ( 14 ) . (cdc.gov)
  • [ 1 ] Whereas only a small proportion of HTLV-1-infected individuals develop HAM/TSP (1-4%), the mechanisms responsible for the progression of a HTLV-1 carrier state to clinical disease are not clear. (medscape.com)
  • Transfusion of plasma alone in humans did not result in seroconversion. (medscape.com)