Lipid bilayers. Medical search. Frequent questions

The cell membranes of almost all organisms and many viruses are made of a lipid bilayer, as are the nuclear membrane surrounding the cell nucleus, and membranes of the membrane-bound organelles in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Bilayers are particularly impermeable to ions, which allows cells to regulate salt concentrations and pH by transporting ions across their membranes using proteins called ion pumps. (wikipedia.org)
Phospholipids with certain head groups can alter the surface chemistry of a bilayer and can, for example, serve as signals as well as "anchors" for other molecules in the membranes of cells. (wikipedia.org)
The structure of biological membranes typically includes several types of molecules in addition to the phospholipids comprising the bilayer. (wikipedia.org)
Lipid bilayer membranes are among the most ubiquitous structures in the living world, with intricate structural features and a multitude of biological functions. (nature.com)
The lipid bilayer is a critical component of all biological membranes , including cell membranes , and so is absolutely essential for all life on Earth. (wikidoc.org)
Support for the existence of a lipid bilayer in cell membranes came with the discovery by Alec Bangham in 1965 that phospholipids , when introduced into an aqueous environment, spontaneously form liposomes . (wikidoc.org)
The interfacial regions of model phospholipid bilayers have a thickness of 8 to 10 Å, although they can be wider in biological membranes that include lipid molecules whose head groups have complex carbohydrates, found in the gangliosides or lipopolysaccharides [1] . (wikidoc.org)
They are found in a variety of biological membranes and have been implicated with lipid raft formation and possible function, particularly in the retinal rod cells and the central nervous system. (aps.org)
We demonstrate a one-step method to form a lipid bilayer on silicon dioxide and gold as well as supported membranes with cholesterol-enriched domain for various biological applications. (jove.com)
To that end, this thesis explores the creation of large area biomembranes along with the development of electromechanical and optical characterization methods with the goal of determining structure-function relationships of membranes and their constituent lipids in different compositional and ionic environments. (umass.edu)
In an effort to elucidate the mechanism of bacterial killing by PBP 10, we compared its effects on artificial lipid bilayers and eukaryotic cell membranes with the actions of the mellitin, magainin II, and LL37 peptides. (upenn.edu)
Here, we present a novel type of synthetic, DNA-based particles capable of disrupting lipid membranes [1]. (mpg.de)
We investigate interactions between thermoresponsive microgel particles and lipid model membranes. (lu.se)
As model membranes, we use supported bilayers as well small and giant vesicles where we systematically very lipid composition. (lu.se)
Uranyl ions (UO 2 2+ ) stabilize black lipid membranes (BLM's) as inferred from the doubling of the breakdown voltage and from a considerable increase in the lifetime of the BLM's. (mssm.edu)
Ginsburg, H & Wolosin, JM 1979, ' Effects of uranyl ions on lipid bilayer membranes ', Chemistry and Physics of Lipids , vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 125-131. (mssm.edu)
Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) have served as useful biomimetics for a myriad of research topics involving biological membranes. (edu.sa)
The development of model membranes, and in particular supported lipid bilayers (SLBs), has made it possible to simplify the studied contact to analyze these effects and to measure 2D binding kinetics of individual protein-protein interactions. (ox.ac.uk)
The alkyl chains of the fluorescent styryl dye probe insert into membranes and are used to understand their biophysical properties and their behavior in lipid bilayers. (temple.edu)
Here, the effects of various parameters to on interfacial tension values of bilayer lipid membranes are discussed. (degruyter.com)
Native membrane derived polymer-supported lipid bilayers (nSLBs) are poised to bridge the gap between live cell experiments and traditional model membrane architectures that by offering a combination of accessibility by surface sensitive analytical instrumentation and a composition which more closely resembles cellular membranes by displaying a diversity of endogenous membrane proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. (lu.se)
Structure and Stability of the Spinach Aquaporin SoPIP2;1 in Detergent Micelles and Lipid Membranes. (lu.se)
Biological membranes do not only occur as planar bilayer structures, but bilayers have also been shown to, depending on the lipid composition, curve into intriguing 3D structures. (lu.se)
In fact the important role of curvature of lipid membranes have been increasingly been recognized. (lu.se)

This paper describes a portable measurement system for current signals of an ion channel that is composed of a planar lipid bilayer. (elsevierpure.com)
Batrachotoxin-modified sodium channels in planar lipid bilayers. (uchicago.edu)

The simulation results show that the critical area per lipid at the fluid-gel main phase transition boundary increases with the increasing ratios of C 60 . (rsc.org)
A critical area per lipid of 0.594 ± 0.002 nm 2 is obtained when the ratio of C 60 reaches 6.4% while that of the pure bilayer case is 0.572 ± 0.002 nm 2 . (rsc.org)
In particular, when the double bond in an acyl chain is located close to the membrane-water interface, the area per lipid is considerably larger than that found for a saturated lipid. (sharcnet.ca)
Further, when the double bond is shifted from the interfacial region toward membrane center, the area per lipid is observed to increase and have a maximum when the double bond is in the middle of the chain. (sharcnet.ca)
These changes in area per lipid are accompanied by corresponding changes in membrane thickness and ordering of the chains. (sharcnet.ca)
The simulations were validated by comparing with the experimental data for several important aspects of the bilayer structure and dynamics, such as the deuterium order parameters of the lipid chains, the area per lipid, the bilayer thickness, the thickness of the chain region and the diffusion constants of lipids and water. (uoguelph.ca)
Incorporation of DiI of 1.6 to 3.2 mol% induced negligible changes in area per lipid but detectable increases in bilayer thickness, each of which are indicators of membrane structural perturbation. (psu.edu)
namd-l: How to evaluate the area per lipid and thickness of the lipid bilayer in a membrane-protein system? (uiuc.edu)

Here, we demonstrate a versatile and facile method for generating SLBs on a conducting polymer device using a solvent-assisted lipid bilayer (SALB) technique. (edu.sa)

Vesicles made by model bilayers have also been used clinically to deliver drugs. (wikipedia.org)
We present an experimental protocol to form a supported lipid bilayer on solid substrates without using lipid vesicles. (jove.com)
Towards this end, we have performed experiments exploring calcium induced vesicle growth, adhesion of vesicles on the bilayer surface, and demonstrated analytical approaches to quantify deposition, growth, and fusion. (umass.edu)
Cationic lipid within the membrane promotes adhesion and retention of vesicles. (umass.edu)
In this study we used a modified dialkylaminostyryl fluorescent lipid, 4-(4-(dihexadecylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium iodide (DiA), replacing the I- counterion with the Cl- anion to make DiA-Cl increase hydration of the polar head and to enable self-assembling in water and formation of vesicles. (temple.edu)
We recently developed a generic method for producing polymer-supported lipid bilayers directly from cell-derived native membrane vesicles (NMVs). (lu.se)
EVs are membrane-bound lipid bilayer vesicles secreted by cells or body liquids, with a strong capacity to deliver essential information between cells. (lu.se)

The lipid bilayer is the barrier that keeps ions, proteins and other molecules where they are needed and prevents them from diffusing into areas where they should not be. (wikipedia.org)
Integral membrane proteins function when incorporated into a lipid bilayer, and they are held tightly to the lipid bilayer with the help of an annular lipid shell. (wikipedia.org)
Because bilayers define the boundaries of the cell and its compartments, these membrane proteins are involved in many intra- and inter-cellular signaling processes. (wikipedia.org)
Certain kinds of membrane proteins are involved in the process of fusing two bilayers together. (wikipedia.org)
cells contain a lipid bilayer with proteins embeded in this. (answers.com)
It is affected by factors such as medium pH and by the presence of certain substances, for example cholesterol, other lipids, fatty acids, amines, amino acids, or proteins, incorporated in the lipid bilayer. (degruyter.com)
Thus, steric trapping opens up new opportunities to study the folding and assembly of α-helical membrane proteins in lipid bilayer environments. (tmu.edu.tw)
Due to the lack of detergent solubilization and reconstitution steps, the nSLBs created using this approach contain essentially all of the native lipids, as well as the membrane-associated proteins and carbohydrates from the donor membrane. (lu.se)
Although the LIPIDS of the viral envelope are host derived, various virus-encoded INTEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEINS, i.e. (bvsalud.org)

Lipid nanoparticles mimicking a cell's endosomes or exosomes are of particular interest within the pharmaceutical industry for their ability to deliver cargo such as RNA into target cells. (umass.edu)
Using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations, we explore the interactions of nanoparticles with freestanding lipid bilayers. (confex.com)
Lipid bilayers can be fused onto silica nanoparticles (NPs) to form supported lipid bilayer (SLB)-NPs. (temple.edu)
Here, the lipids on the nanoparticles were used for two applications. (temple.edu)

The free energy change, when C 60 , C 180 , and C 540 fullerenes are transferred from water to the interior of a lipid [ dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC)] bilayer, has been calculated. (rsc.org)
The thickness of the hydrocarbon core region is about 27 Å for the model bilayer formed by DOPC lipid whose acyl chains have eighteen carbon atoms and a single double bond (di(C18:1)PC) [2] . (wikidoc.org)
We present experimental measurements and analysis of the dynamics and the phase behaviour of saturated DMPC and unsaturated DOPC oriented multi-lamellar bilayers. (tudelft.nl)

However, it was shown to affect the penetration depth of the peptide into the bilayer, where all variants except the one with zero histidines were found below the bilayer. (lu.se)
A decrease in the number of histidine from the original seven to zero decreases the ability of the peptide to penetrate the bilayer, and the peptide is then also found residing within the bilayer. (lu.se)
We hypothesize that this is due to the ability of the histidines to charge titrate, which charges up the peptide, and enables it to penetrate and translocate through the lipid bilayer. (lu.se)

The thickness of a lipid bilayer increases by 0.8 Å per each additional carbon atom of the lipid tail in the liquid crystalline state, or by 1.1 Å in the gel state (these numbers should be multiplied by 2 because the bilayer has two leaflets). (wikidoc.org)
The lateral density profiles show that the incorporation of C 60 with relatively high ratios stabilizes the thickness of the bilayer. (rsc.org)

Membrane-mimicking surfaces, i.e., supported lipid bilayers (SLBs), formed from traditional methods do not possess sufficient robustness to meet this need. (stratech.co.uk)
The SLBs to be used were prepared using both 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and DiA, in order to determine whether the lipid increased the entry of the silica into the plant leaves and whether the lipids also entered. (temple.edu)

abstract = "We performed a 40 ns simulation of 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′, 3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI-C18(3)) in a 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) bilayer in order to facilitate interpretation of lipid dynamics and membrane structure from fluorescence lifetime, anisotropy, and fluorescence correlations spectroscopy (FCS). (psu.edu)

The most important features are the nature of the lipid head groups and the length and degree of saturation of the hydrocarbon chains. (wikidoc.org)
The study also concerns how particle-membrane interactions are affected by the nature of the lipid bilayer, e.g. fluidity, curvature, charge and domain formation. (lu.se)

Writing ( Fig. 1a-b ), Dynamic control of composition ( Fig. 1c-d ), Erasing ( Fig. 1e ) and Localized lipid film modification and decoration ( Fig. 1f-g ). 2D-networks are directly written by providing liposomes through the pipette, while simultaneously translating the substrate by means of a motorized stage. (nature.com)
Diffusively continuous fluidic networks can be produced in this way, where the topology is defined by the x, y scanning sequence and the composition depends on the lipids supplied by the pipette. (nature.com)
The properties of the bilayer are influenced by a variety of factors, including the lipid composition, temperature and membrane pressure. (wikidoc.org)
We demonstrated the ability to create large area model biomembranes (LAMBs) with control over their lipid and external ionic composition, both symmetrical and asymmetrical. (umass.edu)
This enables us to map the lipid-dependent physical property changes for bilayers, relate lipid composition to physical rearrangement such as formation of a fusion stalk, and compare them to existing literature for other platforms. (umass.edu)
A combination of fluorescence microscopy, neutron reflectometry, and time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry data will be presented which characterizes the structure and composition of this new supported lipid bilayer category. (lu.se)
We will discuss how this can be achieved by the supporting surface topology, e.g. vertical nano-wire arrays, or by changing the lipid composition or by introducing components, e.g. responsive particles, which can alter the curvature as a response to the environment. (lu.se)

The work laid out here establishes the design of vesicle-bilayer systems that can be expanded to more complex biologically relevant compositions. (umass.edu)
Our results show that we can form high quality bilayers of both types and sense these particular interactions with them, discriminating between pore formation, in the case of α-hemolysin, and disruption of the bilayer, in the case of polymyxin B. The SALB formation method is compatible with many membrane compositions that will not form via common vesicle fusion methods and works well in microfluidic devices. (edu.sa)
In addition, we report the self-assembly of DiA-Cl, to form H-aggregates of lipid bilayers in aqueous solution, beyond a critical vesicle concentration. (temple.edu)

Hydrophobic particles adsorb lipids in a a form of a self-assembled monolayer with the tail facing the hydrophobic particle and heads facing the surrounding water. (confex.com)
We have previously shown that spherical PNIPAM microgel particles adsorb to fluid lipid bilayers in monolayers with crystalline packing. (lu.se)

In phospholipid bilayers the phosphate group is located within this hydrated region, approximately 0.5 nm outside the hydrophobic core. (wikipedia.org)

For example, I've built a DMPC bilayer using head (phosphocholine), middle (glycerol) and tail (myristoyl) groups. (vanderbilt.edu)
Comparison of the model electron density profiles with that of gel phase DMPC provides areas per lipid A, 60.6 +/- 0.5 A(2) for DMPC and 63.2 +/- 0.5 A(2) for DLPC. (indexindex.com)

We performed a 40 ns simulation of 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′, 3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI-C 18 (3)) in a 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) bilayer in order to facilitate interpretation of lipid dynamics and membrane structure from fluorescence lifetime, anisotropy, and fluorescence correlations spectroscopy (FCS). (psu.edu)
These results provide the first atomistic level insight into DiI dynamics, results essential in elucidating lipid dynamics through single molecule fluorescence studies. (psu.edu)
The fluorescence of styryl dyes increases after insertion into the hydrophobic environment of the lipid membrane compared their fluorescence in the aqueous phase solution. (temple.edu)

Biological bilayers are usually composed of amphiphilic phospholipids that have a hydrophilic phosphate head and a hydrophobic tail consisting of two fatty acid chains. (wikipedia.org)
Lipids are an integral part of cells, being the principal component of the cell membrane, and contributing to the function and regulation of biological processes. (umass.edu)
Understanding biological implications of such curved lipid interfaces as well as exploiting their full potential in applications, for e.g. drug delivery and other biomedical applications, poses a challenge that requires the development of novel, well-defined and versatile model system. (lu.se)

The major force driving the formation of lipid bilayers is the hydrophobic interaction between the tails and their repusion by water. (wikidoc.org)
The average spring force is used to measure the effective force of nanoparticle-bilayer interaction as a function of the particle coordinate. (confex.com)
We have developed a method to measure strong transmembrane (TM) helix interaction affinities in lipid bilayers that are difficult to measure by traditional dilution methods. (tmu.edu.tw)
Hong, H , Chang, Y-C & Bowie, JU 2013, Measuring transmembrane helix interaction strengths in lipid bilayers using steric trapping . (tmu.edu.tw)
An earlier study showed that, upon interaction with a common model bilayer, a protein cushion spontaneously forms underneath the bilayer. (lu.se)

The transfer of various nano-scale fullerenes into lipid bilayers has been studied using all-atom (AA) and coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. (rsc.org)
Upon entering the lipid bilayer, the largest (2.4 nm diameter) fullerene causes local distortions in the bilayer surface, which were previously observed in carbon nanotube simulations. (rsc.org)
In contrast to these nonspecific single fullerene properties, extensive CG-MD simulations of fullerene rich lipid bilayers reveal substantial impact of fullerene -size on the bilayer stability. (rsc.org)
While previous CG-MD simulations indicated that bilayer bound C 60 aggregates have little effect on the bilayer structure, the present MD simulations indicate that C 540 aggregation has drastic effects. (rsc.org)
By employing coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we obtained the temperature-pressure phase diagrams of a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer, which exhibits a gel phase and a fluid phase, with variation of the C 60 versus lipid ratios. (rsc.org)
In this work, we shed light on this matter through atomic-scale molecular dynamics simulations of eight different one-component lipid bilayers comprised of PCs with 18 carbons in their acyl chains. (sharcnet.ca)
Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on a two-component lipid bilayer system composed of a mixture of neutral galactosylceramide (GalCer) and charged dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) lipid molecules in a liquid crystalline phase in order to help understand the nature of the short-range interactions. (uoguelph.ca)

Because of the oily core of the bilayer, it is only permeable to small hydrophobic solutes (such as chloroform or ethanol), but has a very low permeability to polar inorganic compounds and ionic molecules. (wikidoc.org)
The deformation is followed by a spontaneous fusion of the freestanding bilayer and the adsorbed monolayer and particle incorporation inside the bilayer hydrophobic segement. (confex.com)

Many of these properties have been studied with the use of artificial "model" bilayers produced in a lab. (wikipedia.org)
Our open volume approach is fundamentally different from the miniaturized technologies currently used to assemble artificial bilayer systems 18 . (nature.com)

The lipid bilayer (or phospholipid bilayer) is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Lipid bilayers are ideally suited to this role, even though they are only a few nanometers in width, because they are impermeable to most water-soluble (hydrophilic) molecules. (wikipedia.org)
The center of this bilayer contains almost no water and excludes molecules like sugars or salts that dissolve in water. (wikipedia.org)
A lipid bilayer or bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) is a membrane or zone of a membrane composed of lipid molecules (usually phospholipids ). (wikidoc.org)
They concluded, correctly, that the membrane is two lipid molecules thick and proposed it is made of a bilayer. (wikidoc.org)
Lipids are amphiphilic molecules since they consist of polar head groups and non-polar fatty acid tails. (wikidoc.org)
These are small balloons of lipid bilayer which can entrap polar molecules inside them. (wikidoc.org)
They also can be described as having an internal lateral pressure or "the sponaneous radius of curvature", which defines the tendency of the lipid molecules to form curved rather than planar surfaces. (wikidoc.org)
The diffusion coefficient of DiI (9.7 ± 0.02 × 10 -8 cm 2 s -1 ) was similar to the diffusion of DPPC molecules (10.7 ± 0.04 × 10 -8 cm 2 s -1 ), supporting the conclusion that DiI dynamics reflect lipid dynamics. (psu.edu)
A lipid bilayer is a very thin layer that is in between lipid molecules. (answers.com)

In this experiment, mannose-linked lipids are mixed into the lipid solution for robotic spotting on our surfaces to form fluidic mannose microarrays with precisely known surface mannose densities. (stratech.co.uk)

The device allows multiplexing between several different lipid (e.g. (nature.com)
Such an understanding may suggest how membrane properties can be tuned using a variety of different lipid species. (tudelft.nl)

The bilayer can adopt a solid gel phase state at lower temperatures but undergo phase transition to a fluid state at higher temperatures, and the chemical properties of the lipids' tails influence at which temperature this happens. (wikipedia.org)
This fluid lipid bilayer cross section is made up entirely of phosphatidyl choline . (wikidoc.org)
Mobility in this regime can be informative in elucidating the local interactions responsible for material properties of these fluid lipid systems. (tudelft.nl)
As an example, for lipid systems with segregated fluid and solid domains, the soft microgel particles preferentially adsorb to fluid domains into highly ordered 2D hexagonal arrays, rather than to solid domains, where almost no adsorbed particles were observed (figure). (lu.se)

In some cases, the hydrated region can extend much further, for instance in lipids with a large protein or long sugar chain grafted to the head. (wikipedia.org)
The trans-membrane protein - proteorhodopsin (pR) has been incorporated into supported lipid bilayers (SLB). (whiterose.ac.uk)
Here, we report the structure of outer membrane protein G investigated in bilayers of E. coli lipid extracts by magic-angle-spinning NMR. (pasteur.fr)

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids , 23 (2), 125-131. (mssm.edu)

These local distortions, however, do not lead to any free energy barriers to bilayer entry. (rsc.org)
Using the ghost tweezers method, we explore the free energy landscape of the nanoparticle in the bilayer vicinity and evaluate the free energy barriers associated with particle adhesion and penetration. (confex.com)

A particularly important example in animal cells is cholesterol, which helps strengthen the bilayer and decrease its permeability. (wikipedia.org)
The simple interfacial tension method proposed herein may be successfully used to determine the interfacial tension values of 1:1 lipid-lipid, lipid-cholesterol, lipid-fatty acid, lipid-amine, and lipid-amino acid systems. (degruyter.com)

DiI induced detectable changes in interfacial properties of water ordering, electrostatic potential, and changes in P-N vector orientation of DPPC lipids. (psu.edu)

Bilayer lipid membrane acquired by VIRAL PARTICLES during VIRAL MORPHOGENESIS. (bvsalud.org)

We observe bilayer spacings to increase with the percentage of unsaturated fatty acid lipid in the membrane, whilst the degree of ordering significantly decreases. (aps.org)

As the nanoparticle approaches the bilayer, it caused deformation of the latter, associated with a free energy penalty. (confex.com)

The free energy landscape of the nanoparticle near the bilayer is evaluated as the mechanical work needed to bring the particle from the bulk solution to a particular distance from the substrate surface. (confex.com)
The structures show that both substrate translocation and release involve movements of the bulky transport domain through the lipid bilayer. (elifesciences.org)

By modeling and simulating neuraminidase apo glycoproteins embedded in complex-mixture lipid bilayers, we show that the geometry and dynamics of the neuraminidase enzymatic pocket may differ depending on stalk length, with possible repercussions on the binding of the endogenous sialylated-oligosaccharide receptors. (nih.gov)

Lipid bilayers have certain elastic properties . (wikidoc.org)
Elastic and inelastic neutron scattering were used to directly probe the dynamical processes of these membrane systems on time and length scales relevant to the internal and localized motion of lipid monomers. (tudelft.nl)

The bilayer is composed of two layers of lipids arranged so that their hydrocarbon tails face one another to form an oily core held together by Van der Waals interactions, while their charged heads face the aqueous solutions on either side of the membrane. (wikidoc.org)
Their structural and dynamic properties are known to be strongly affected by unsaturation of lipid hydrocarbon chains, yet the role of the exact positions of the double bonds is poorly understood. (sharcnet.ca)

Experiments on bilayers often require advanced techniques like electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. (wikipedia.org)

One way an amino acid differs from a lipid is that the amino acids contain? (answers.com)

Its essential structure was discovered in 1925 by two Dutch physicians, E.Gorter and F.Grendel, while they were comparing the surface area of human erythrocytes with that of the isolated lipids in a Langmuir Blodgett trough . (wikidoc.org)
The structure of a bilayer explains its function as a barrier. (wikidoc.org)
In this work lipid bilayer structure has been investigated in lipid mixtures, incorporating polyunsaturated fatty acid moieties. (aps.org)
The structural effects of increasing concentrations of both symmetric and asymmetric PUFA materials on the bilayer structure are investigated via synchrotron x-ray diffraction on solution samples. (aps.org)
We will discuss how the lipid self-assembly structure can be change in desired way by adding a particular type of lipolytic enzymes. (lu.se)

Consequently, the presence of C 60 in the bilayer, with the ratio of C 60 less than 4.7%, will not influence the main transition behavior of the bilayer even under pressure as high as 1500 bar. (rsc.org)

If a typical mammalian cell (diameter ~10 micrometers) were magnified to the size of a watermelon (~1 ft/30 cm), the lipid bilayer making up the plasma membrane would be about as thick as a piece of office paper. (wikipedia.org)

A stable and reproducible lipid bilayer is formed in outdoor environments by using a droplet contact method with a micropipette. (elsevierpure.com)

Anatomy7

Organisms3

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs88

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes54

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture11

Information Science5

Health Care2

Membranes25

Planar lipid2

Area per lipid8

Solvent-assisted Lipid Bilayer1

Vesicles7

Proteins9

Nanoparticles4

DOPC3

Peptide3

Thickness2

SLBs2

Abstract1

Nature of the lipid2

Composition7

Vesicle3

Particles adsorb2

Phospholipid bilayers1

DMPC2

Fluorescence3

Biological3

Interaction5

Simulations7

Hydrophobic2

Artificial2

Molecules10

Fluidic1

Different lipid2

Fluid4

Protein3

Physics1

Free energy barriers2

Cholesterol2

DPPC1

Morphogenesis1

Unsaturated fatt1

Approaches1

Substrate2

Dynamics1

Elastic2

Hydrocarbon2

Microscopy1

Amino acids1

Structure5

Behavior1

Plasma membrane1

Environments1