Leukocyte leukocyte leukocytes. Medical search. Frequent questions

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 is a disorder that causes the immune system to malfunction, resulting in a form of immunodeficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
Starting from birth, people with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 develop serious bacterial and fungal infections. (medlineplus.gov)
One of the first signs of leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 is a delay in the detachment of the umbilical cord stump after birth. (medlineplus.gov)
but, in infants with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1, this separation usually occurs at three weeks or later. (medlineplus.gov)
In leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1, bacterial and fungal infections most commonly occur on the skin and mucous membranes such as the moist lining of the nose and mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
A hallmark of leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 is the lack of pus formation at the sites of infection. (medlineplus.gov)
Life expectancy in individuals with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 is often severely shortened. (medlineplus.gov)
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 is estimated to occur in 1 per million people worldwide. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the ITGB2 gene cause leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1. (medlineplus.gov)
ITGB2 gene mutations that cause leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 lead to the production of a β2 subunit that cannot bind with other subunits to form β2 integrins. (medlineplus.gov)
Cox DP, Weathers DR. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1: an important consideration in the clinical differential diagnosis of prepubertal periodontitis. (medlineplus.gov)
Labial ulceration from which Escherichia coli was cultured in an 8-month-old girl with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD I). Note the thin bluish scar at the superior aspect of the labia from an earlier cellulitis. (medscape.com)
This 3-year-old girl had leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD I) with complete absence of CD18 expression. (medscape.com)
This 10-month-old patient with severe leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD I) developed a cervical adenitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. (medscape.com)
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD I) is a failure to express CD18, which composes the common ß 2 subunit of LFA1 family (ß2 integrins). (medscape.com)
Cagdas D, Yilmaz M, Kandemir N, Tezcan I, Etzioni A, Sanal O. A Novel Mutation in Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type II/CDGIIc. (medscape.com)
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis of leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I. Fertil Steril . (medscape.com)
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type III: Clinical Features and Treatment With Stem Cell Transplantation. (medscape.com)
Defective neutrophil recruitment in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I disease causes local IL-17-driven inflammatory bone loss. (medscape.com)

Currently, 18 subtypes have been reported: 12 are type I (dysfunctional lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor synthesis), and 6 are type II (dysfunctional trimming/processing of the protein-bound oligosaccharide), including leukocyte adhesion deficiency II (CDG-IIc). (medscape.com)

While there is mounting in vitro evidence to suggest that ANCAs are capable of enhancing leukocyte-endothelial interactions, no in vivo evidence for this has been provided. (tcd.ie)

So far, most of the in vivo and in vitro approaches to study leukocyte migration across the tissue parenchyma have addressed the role of each single tissue barrier that immune cells encounter in their journey to the inflammatory focus. (hindawi.com)
Here, we describe a novel approach to functionalize human and murine leukocytes with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on their surface, along with E-selectin (ES), to capture and induce cancer cell apoptosis both in vitro in human blood and in vivo in mouse circulation. (aiche.org)
We have shown that leukocytes functionalized with ES/TRAIL can capture and induce cancer cell apoptosis in vitro in human blood and in vivo in mouse experiments. (aiche.org)
To assess the role of shark cartilage as an immune modulator, acid, salt-soluble, and phosphate-buffered saline extracts were prepared from three different commercial sources (SL, TL, FDC) of cartilage and used to stimulate human leukocytes in vitro. (fiu.edu)
Two mutations in the KINDLIN3 gene of a new leukocyte adhesion deficiency III patient reveal distinct effects on leukocyte function in vitro. (medscape.com)

[ 1 , 2 ] The clinical picture is characterized by marked leukocytosis and localized bacterial infections that are difficult to detect until they have progressed to an extensive level secondary to lack of leukocyte recruitment at the site of infection. (medscape.com)
Leukocyte recruitment into the inflamed parenchyma requires successive interactions with cellular and stromal barriers that establish mechanical, chemotactic and haptotactic gradients to guide immune cells towards the inflammatory focus. (hindawi.com)
However, it remains unknown how leukocyte recruitment is regulated. (hindawi.com)
Pristane-induced chronic inflammation has been characterized by the continuous recruitment of leukocytes, including lymphocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages, to the peritoneal cavity and the spleen [ 6 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
We and others have discovered factors that control the recruitment of inflammatory leukocytes to the peritoneal mesentery in response to pristane [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)

These 2 members mediate leukocyte adhesions to endothelial cells but they also serve as receptors for iC3b (inactivated C3b). (medscape.com)
This disease is a defect in fucose metabolism (lack of fucosylation of the carbohydrate selectin ligands) that results in failure to express the ligand for E and P selectin, sialyl Lewis-X (CD15s) expressed on leukocytes and endothelial cells. (medscape.com)
On the one hand, similar to endothelial cells, parenchymal epithelia must guide leukocytes to traverse them in order to reach a localized inflammatory focus, for example, in the lung or intestinal mucosa. (hindawi.com)
Endothelial and epithelial barriers determine the different stages of leukocyte migration in its journey towards the inflammatory focus in complex tissues. (hindawi.com)
This study provides the first direct in vivo evidence for the ability of ANCAs to enhance leukocyte-endothelial interactions and cause microvascular hemorrhage, thereby providing a mechanism by which ANCAs could exert pathogenic effects in systemic vasculitis. (tcd.ie)
A large body of evidence now implicates increased leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion as a key early event in the development of diabetic retinopathy. (diabetesjournals.org)
We recently reported that raised activity of the glycosylating enzyme core 2 β 1,6- N -acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GlcNAc-T) through protein kinase C (PKC)β2-dependent phosphorylation plays a fundamental role in increased leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and capillary occlusion in retinopathy. (diabetesjournals.org)
The exact pathogenic mechanism by which capillary nonperfusion, as demonstrated by fluorescein angiography, occurs is still unclear, but recent experimental animal studies ( 3 - 5 ) demonstrate that increased leukocyte entrapment in retinal capillaries of diabetic rats is an early event associated with areas of capillary nonperfusion and the development of endothelial cell damage. (diabetesjournals.org)
A novel genetic leukocyte adhesion deficiency in subsecond triggering of integrin avidity by endothelial chemokines results in impaired leukocyte arrest on vascular endothelium under shear flow. (medscape.com)

The first stage of this immune steeplechase, the leukocyte transendothelial migration, is a multi-step cascade of interactions that have been extensively studied in recent years in different vascular beds and experimental models, and some comprehensive reviews on this topic can be found in this special issue [ 1 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Parenchymal and vascular players, as well as circulating leukocytes, have now been integrated into novel views of neurodegeneration. (frontiersin.org)
At the same time, the roles of meningeal and vascular inflammation and the further definition of immunosurveillance and leukocyte invasion through different brain barriers open new exciting frontiers of investigation on immune mechanisms in neurodegenerative disorders. (frontiersin.org)
We investigated the contractile effects of both activated and unactivated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) on human vascular tissue to characterize the influence of human PMNs on vascular tone. (aspetjournals.org)
These results suggest that the vascular contraction seen in response to non-preactivated leukocytes is due to inhibition, by NO, of the release of free radicals from the leukocytes when activated by contact with the vascular endothelium, thus allowing co-released vasoconstrictor substances to exert their effect. (gla.ac.uk)

Variants of leukocyte adhesion deficiency have also been reported, including fully expressed but nonfunctional CD18 and an E selectin that is expressed but rapidly cleaved from the cell surface (only present in soluble form). (medscape.com)

Here we review evidence showing that apicobasal polarity regulates the inflammatory response: various polarized epithelia asymmetrically secrete chemotactic mediators and polarize adhesion receptors that dictate the route of leukocyte migration within the parenchyma. (hindawi.com)
The events that follow leukocyte extravasation are perhaps less well characterized, although significant advances have been made with the advent of high-resolution intravital microscopy and the development of more sophisticated culture systems to investigate leukocyte migration and interactions in three dimensions. (hindawi.com)
We believe that successfully combining our current knowledge about leukocyte extravasation, three-dimensional migration through the stroma and the sequential interactions with parenchymal cell barriers, which include adopting unified experimental models, will help shed light on the entire migratory route of each immune cell type and on the specificity of the innate inflammatory responses in each type of tissue. (hindawi.com)
The parenchymal three-dimensional organization contributes to establish an haptotactic and chemotactic gradient (1) Leukocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration or diapedesis. (hindawi.com)
The migration of inflammatory leukocytes, including dendritic cells, neutrophils, and macrophages, to the peritoneal mesentery has been shown to be promoted in LAT −/− (lack mature T cells) mice but inhibited in μ MT (lack mature B cells) mice during the pristane-induced immune response [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)

The effect of chemotherapeutic agents - cytosine arabinoside, methotrexate, procarbazine, vinblastine and vincristine - generally applied in the treatment of human cancer were tested on the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (karger.com)

In this complex picture, intrinsic neurodegenerative mechanisms, also including glial activation and CNS barrier integrity, are shaped by genetic mutations and interact with CNS-extrinsic components such as circulating leukocytes, cytokines and growth factors, as well as environmental factors that predispose to CNS pathogenesis. (frontiersin.org)

Another reported type of leukocyte adhesion deficiency involves dysfunction in platelet aggregation in addition to a defect in leukocyte adhesion. (medscape.com)
The severe and moderate phenotypes of heritable Mac-1, LFA-1 deficiency: their quantitative definition and relation to leukocyte dysfunction and clinical features. (medscape.com)

1.Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cells while leukocytes are equivalently termed in general as white blood cells. (differencebetween.net)
3.There are three types of lymphocytes while there are five types of leukocytes, one of which are lymphocytes. (differencebetween.net)

The absence of leukocytosis distinguishes healthy infants from those with leukocyte adhesion deficiency. (medscape.com)

We also discuss recent findings showing that the loss of apicobasal polarity increases leukocyte adhesion to epithelial cells and the consequences that this could have for the inflammatory response towards damaged, infected or transformed epithelial cells. (hindawi.com)
On the other hand, these barriers contain damaged or infected cells that are part of the inflammatory focus and the endpoint of the leukocyte migratory journey, so some sort of footprint, which is not completely understood, must exist in these cells to promote a preferential adhesion with infiltrated leukocytes. (hindawi.com)
Beyond cell-autonomous neuronal injury and death, light has been shed on multiple inflammatory properties of glia and invading leukocytes in most brain diseases. (frontiersin.org)
It is believed that adhesive interactions between selectins on the blood vessel wall and selectin ligands on the CTC surface facilitate metastatic progression, in a manner similar to the leukocyte adhesion cascade essential in the inflammatory response (3). (aiche.org)

Thus the infections in patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency act similarly as those observed in patients with neutropenia. (medscape.com)
Thus, patients with this type of leukocyte adhesion deficiency manifest both severe bacterial infections and bleeding disorder. (medscape.com)
Kidney infections will lead to an increased rate of leukocytes in the urine. (md-health.com)
Bladder infections or inflammation of the urinary tract and ureters can also cause leukocytes to appear in the urine. (md-health.com)
Eating a nutritious diet can help you prevent developing infections that lead to leukocytes in the building. (md-health.com)

This leukocyte adhesion deficiency variant is associated with defective expression of the Rap-1 activator CalDAG-GEFI. (medscape.com)
LAD-III, a leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome associated with defective Rap1 activation and impaired stabilization of integrin bonds. (medscape.com)

To determine leukocyte functionalization with ES/TRAIL, fluorescent (FL) liposomes were exposed to human blood under shear flow, and leukocytes were isolated and analyzed for ES/TRAIL attachment using FC and confocal microscopy. (aiche.org)
Upon exposure to shear flow, ES/TRAIL liposomes in human blood were functionalized to the surface of leukocytes, as confirmed by confocal microscopy (Fig. 1A) and FC. (aiche.org)
Exposure of functionalized ES/TRAIL leukocytes into cancer cell-spiked blood successfully targeted and killed cancer cells under shear flow, compared to controls (Fig. 1B). (aiche.org)

There were significant increases in peripheral circulating leukocytes, the number of activated circulating leukocytes, haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and haematocrit (Hct) in response to the stressor. (nih.gov)

Total differential cell counts, leukocyte activation as measured by the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test, heart rate and blood pressure (BP) measurements were taken at defined time points. (nih.gov)

Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies directed against myeloperoxidase augment leukocyte-microvascular interactions in vivo. (tcd.ie)
In this study a novel rat model of ANCA-associated experimental autoimmune vasculitis (EAV), induced by immunization with human myeloperoxidase (MPO), was used to analyze directly the potential effect of ANCAs on leukocyte-venular wall interactions in vivo as observed by intravital microscopy. (tcd.ie)

This binding leads to linkage (adhesion) of the leukocyte to the blood vessel wall. (medlineplus.gov)
Signaling through the β2 integrins triggers the transport of the attached leukocyte across the blood vessel wall to the site of infection or injury. (medlineplus.gov)
Leukocytes that lack these integrins cannot attach to the blood vessel wall or cross the vessel wall to contribute to the immune response. (medlineplus.gov)
The nature of the free radicals released from non-activated isolated leukocytes, zymosan-stimulated leukocytes (in whole blood) and isolated vessel rings was assessed using luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. (gla.ac.uk)
Cumulative addition of leukocyte suspensions to aortic rings caused a concentration-dependent contractile response which was abolished by preincubation of the vessel ring withL-NAME. (gla.ac.uk)
While the main free radical released from unstimulated leukocytes and vessel rings was superoxide, the main radical released from activated leukocytes was found to be hypochlorite. (gla.ac.uk)

Chronic inflammation is associated with an increased number of leukocytes in the spleen, which are then redirected to the site of inflammation. (hindawi.com)

which leukocyte type would likely be elevated in a patient who has strep throat? (bartleby.com)
If a high level of a particular type of leukocyte is found in elevated levels, this can be a sign of disease. (md-health.com)

In milder forms of leukocyte adhesion deficiency I (1-30% expression of CD8), patients may survive to adulthood. (medscape.com)

There are five types of leukocytes. (md-health.com)

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency II may be classified as one of the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a rapidly expanding group of metabolic syndromes with a wide symptomatology and severity. (medscape.com)
To what extent is the infiltration of peripheral leukocytes, such as bone marrow-derived monocytes, neutrophils, B and T cells, ameliorative or propagative for CNS disorders? (frontiersin.org)
Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation in Neutrophil Disorders: Severe Congenital Neutropenia, Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency and Chronic Granulomatous Disease. (medscape.com)

Each infected leukocyte typically contains 10-10,000 BVDV entities. (qiagen.com)

We hypothesize that leukocyte telomere length might be able to predict future risk of cancer and examined this in a cohort of patients with Barrett's esophagus, who are at increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma and thus were enrolled in a long-term cancer surveillance program. (aacrjournals.org)

Purpose: Leukocyte telomere length has gained attention as a marker of oxidative damage and age-related diseases, including cancer. (aacrjournals.org)

Leukocytes are white blood cells (WBC) that work with the immune system to defend against infectious disease. (md-health.com)
Those with a weak immune system or those who frequently use a urinary catheter system are at a higher risk for developing a kidney infection that raises leukocyte levels in the urine. (md-health.com)
The first demonstration of phagocytosis as a property of leukocytes, the immune cells, was from the German zoologist Ernst Haeckel. (wikipedia.org)

Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) can be delivered intravenously to target primary and metastatic lesions, but the interaction between human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and VSV remains poorly understood. (karger.com)

By then evidences were mounting that leucocytes can perform cell eating just like protists, but it was not until Metchnikoff showed that specific leukocytes (in his case macrophages) eat cell that the role of phagocytosis in immunity was realised. (wikipedia.org)

A defect in a guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein, Rac2, which is integral to actin-associated neutrophil responses and to the generation of superoxide by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, leads to a clinical syndrome resembling Leukocyte adhesion deficiency with prolonged cord attachment, perirectal cellulitis, and omphalitis associated with marked leukocytosis and poor wound healing. (medscape.com)

The results of the leukocyte differential count showed the same cell types found in the morphology of the peripheral blood smear and bone marrow aspiration. (horiba.com)
There was no difference in the leukocyte differential count parameters between both hematology analyzers and had a significant positive correlation with the morphology of the peripheral blood smear and bone marrow aspiration. (horiba.com)

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of watching a psychological stressful event on the activation of leukocytes in healthy human volunteers. (nih.gov)

41 years, with a mean age of 27.0 (standard examination, nitrite reductase, leukocyte deviation 4.9) years. (who.int)

Patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency II manifest the Bombay phenotype (ie, negative for O and H blood group antigens with potential production of anti-H antibody). (medscape.com)
Meanwhile, a leukocyte is the scientific name of the more prominently known white blood cells (W.B.C.'s). (differencebetween.net)

Taking a test to check for leukocyte levels in the urine will help you determine if you need to see a doctor to treat your condition. (md-health.com)

However, IgM and IgG serum levels are within the reference range in patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency II. (medscape.com)
These leukocyte adhesion deficiencies (LADs) are unlikely to be confused with hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome or chronic granulomatous disease because the clinical features of infection resemble those manifested by patients with severe neutropenia despite marked neutrophilia. (medscape.com)
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency II patients with a dual defect of the GDP-fucose transporter. (medscape.com)

They can also perform a strip test which will note abnormalities in the leukocytes. (md-health.com)

Duplicate leukocyte cultures were set up, each containing 50 $\mu$l of endotoxin-free extract, 200 $\mu$l of cell suspension (2.4-2.5 $\times$ 10$\sp5$ cells) and 100 $\mu$l of medium and incubated at 37$\sp\circ$C. Cultures stimulated with LPS (5 $\mu$g/ml) or medium served as the positive and negative controls, respectively. (fiu.edu)
Nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation corrects the disease phenotype in the canine model of leukocyte adhesion deficiency. (medscape.com)

This is the first reported study on the effects of observing a psychologically stressful, albeit fictitious event on circulating leukocyte numbers and the state of leukocyte activation as determined by the nitrotetrazolium test. (nih.gov)

In leukemia, hematological parameters especially in the case of leukocyte differential count helps early diagnosis of leukemia. (horiba.com)

If leftover urine remains in the bladder for too long it can become infected with bacteria, leading to an increased level of leukocytes. (md-health.com)

Cancer cells lodged within the mouse lung were apoptotic after treatment with ES/TRAIL leukocytes, as determined by multiphoton microscopy. (aiche.org)

A small number of leukocytes will always be found in the urine as old cells are passed from the system. (md-health.com)
If a high number of leukocytes are found in the urine, this is a sign that there may be an infection in the urinary system. (md-health.com)

Anatomy39

Organisms9

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs121

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes42

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Adhesion deficiency type19

Including leukocyte adhesion d1

Enhancing leukocyte-endothelial1

Vitro5

Recruitment5

Endothelial9

Vascular5

Variants1

Migration5

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes1

Mutations1

Dysfunction2

Lymphocytes2

Infants1

Inflammatory4

Infections5

Associated with defective2

Shear flow3

Peripheral circulatin1

Counts1

Interactions2

Vessel6

Inflammation1

Type2

Survive1

Five types of leukocytes1

Disorders3

Typically1

Predict1

Diseases1

Immune3

Metastatic1

Macrophages1

Cord1

Bone2

Human1

Years1

Blood2

Determine1

Patients3

Note1

Cell2

Activation1

Case1

Remains1

Cancer1

Found2