• Uncoupled cell cycle without mitosis induced by a protein kinase inhibitor, K-252a. (rupress.org)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 expression and interaction with other cell cycle-associated proteins in mammary carcinoma. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The activity of this kinase is restricted to the G1-S phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits D-type cyclins and CDK inhibitor p16(INK4a). (thermofisher.com)
  • Cancer cells that are defective in p53 function are deficient in their ability to transcriptionally upregulate the CDK inhibitor p21 after genotoxic stress. (nature.com)
  • Cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, did not alter Cd-induced cytotoxicity indicating that J774A.1 cell death by Cd is independent of de novo protein synthesis including p53. (cdc.gov)
  • MEN 4 is caused by an inactivating mutation of the CDKN1B gene, which codes for the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B protein, also known as p27 or p27KIP1. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It has been suggested that the protein is essential for initiation of DNA replication and that it plays a role in regulating cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Together, these results show a strong preventive efficacy of silibinin against photocarcinogenesis, which involves the inhibition of DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and cell cycle progression and an induction of apoptosis. (nih.gov)
  • To promote progression towards DNA replication, CDK/cyclin complexes phosphorylate proteins required for the activation of genes involved in DNA synthesis, as well as components of the DNA replication machinery. (unibas.ch)
  • The biological functions of HMGB1 are diverse in normal cells and during the start and progression of cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that act as key regulatory elements in cell cycle progression. (proteopedia.org)
  • Flow cytometric analysis evidenced that piperine arrested the cell cycle at growth 2/mitosis phase, hence suppressed the breast cancer progression. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Accordingly, Rad51b-c.92delT variant reduced replication fork progression of patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines and pluripotent reprogramming efficiency of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. (nature.com)
  • A multitude of pathways control cyclin-dependent kinase activities as the major event for cell cycle progression. (benthamscience.com)
  • It is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. (thermofisher.com)
  • Emk is a serine/threonine protein kinase implicated in regulating polarity, cell cycle progression, and microtubule dynamics. (jcvi.org)
  • By blocking cell cycle progression, p27 prevents cells from dividing too quickly or at the wrong time. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For example, when p27 is held (sequestered) in the fluid that surrounds the nucleus (the cytoplasm) instead of being transported into the nucleus, the protein is unavailable to block cell cycle progression. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although the effective concentration of K-252a did not cause significant inhibition of affinity-purified p34cdc2 protein kinase activity in vitro, in vivo the full activation of p34cdc2 kinase during the G2/M was blocked by K-252a. (rupress.org)
  • Proteomic grade correlations identified protein kinases having functional impact in vitro in uterine endometrial cancer cells, including MAP3K2, MASTL, and TTK. (nih.gov)
  • In vitro , overexpression of the mdr-1 gene product, P-glycoprotein (Pgp), in tumor cells can confer high-level resistance to natural product-derived cytotoxics-anthracyclines, vinca alkaloids, epipodophyllotoxins, and taxanes. (cancer.gov)
  • Repair of mitomycin-C-induced chromosomal aberrations was impaired in RAD51B/Rad51b-c.92delT human and mouse somatic cells in vitro and in explanted mouse bone marrow cells. (nature.com)
  • Although B- and T-cell development were normal, CD4(+)T cells lacking Emk exhibited a marked upregulation of the memory marker CD44/pgp-1 and produced more gamma interferon and interleukin-4 on stimulation through the T-cell receptor in vitro. (jcvi.org)
  • This protein was produced in an in vitro wheat germ expression system that should preserve correct conformational folding that is necessary for biological function. (novusbio.com)
  • In close agreement, induction of GCC signaling in mucosal sheets ex vivo and intestinal cells in vitro inhibited proliferation by activating cGMP-dependent protein kinase and delaying the cell cycle at the G1/S transition. (jefferson.edu)
  • Passage through the cell cycle requires the successive activation of different cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs). (unibas.ch)
  • The profiling of compound 51 against a panel of 339 kinases revealed high selectivity for CDKs, with preference for CDK2 and CDK5 over CDK9, CDK1, CDK4, and CDK6. (proteopedia.org)
  • As a biologically important example we have studied the complex formed by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which play an essential role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (lu.se)
  • The protein is a serine-threonine kinase that is activated by another protein called either Dbf4 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae or ASK in mammals. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Cdc7/Dbf4 kinase complex, along with another serine-threonine kinase, cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk), phosphorylates the pre-RC which activates it at the G1/S transition. (wikipedia.org)
  • This protease activity has recently been ascribed to serine metalloprotease(s), including pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), which was first detected in human follicular fluid nearly 20 yr ago. (bioone.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CMGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (cancerindex.org)
  • At present, much research is focused on elucidating the links between CDK/cyclin complexes and signal transduction pathways controlling cell growth, differentiation and death. (unibas.ch)
  • Pathways of interest were enriched within the grade-associated proteins across multiple cancer types, including pathways of altered metabolism, Warburg-like effects, and translation factors. (nih.gov)
  • The protein-level grade and stage associations for all proteins profiled-along with corresponding information on phosphorylation, pathways, mRNA expression, and copy alterations-represent a resource for identifying new potential targets. (nih.gov)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • Present study was designed to determine the impact of cadmium on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis, and to investigate the possible involvement of p53 and MAPKs signaling pathways in J774A.1 murine macrophages. (cdc.gov)
  • The activity of this kinase first appears in mid-G1 phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits including D-type cyclins and members of INK4 family of CDK inhibitors. (cancerindex.org)
  • Tight control of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells exists to control proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. (benthamscience.com)
  • Differentiation and apoptosis have cell cycle withdraw in common, while cancer and degenerative processes both show altered control of the cell cycle. (benthamscience.com)
  • Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. (cancerindex.org)
  • Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
  • Studies suggest that p27 is also involved in controlling cell differentiation, which is the process by which cells mature to carry out specific functions. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), Cdc7 is needed for proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In future, a better understanding of the cell cycle machinery and its deregulation during oncogenesis may provide novel opportunities for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of cancer and other proliferation-related diseases. (unibas.ch)
  • Cancer cells demand high energy production to sustain their pathological increase in proliferation rate. (hindawi.com)
  • Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (proteopedia.org)
  • Compound 51 inhibited the proliferation of 13 out of 15 cancer cell lines with IC50 values between 0.27 and 6.9 muM, which correlated with the complete suppression of retinoblastoma phosphorylation and the onset of apoptosis. (proteopedia.org)
  • However, the underlying mechanisms involved in the induction of genomic instability, genotoxicity, mutations and consequent increased cell proliferation are still a matter of intense research. (benthamscience.com)
  • A mutation in this gene resulting in reduced cell proliferation, and impaired cell motility and polarity, and has been identified in patients with primary microcephaly. (cancerindex.org)
  • Recently, signaling by GCC and its downstream effector, cyclic GMP (cGMP) has emerged as a principal regulator of proliferation in human colon cancer cells. (jefferson.edu)
  • Separately, deletion of GCC increased tumor growth by releasing a restriction on the cell cycle normally constraining epithelial cell proliferation. (jefferson.edu)
  • Cd inhibited cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. (cdc.gov)
  • Inhibition of ERK suppressed DNA synthesis and had an additive effect with Cd-inhibited proliferation suggesting that Cd-induced ERK activity is not responsible for the G2/M arrest and subsequent inhibition of cell proliferation. (cdc.gov)
  • In response to mito- pendence between the key mecha- gens, cell proliferation is triggered by nistic characteristics. (who.int)
  • H - Ras cell proliferation are also linked with haematopoietic cel s. (who.int)
  • Treatment with Cd at 20 and 50 microM induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but did not alter p53 mRNA expression or the activation of p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal MAPK. (cdc.gov)
  • CONCLUSION: ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 could positively regulate the BaP independently induced cell cycle alterations. (uky.edu)
  • Dr. Pryciak studies how protein kinases regulate cell signaling and the cell cycle. (umassmed.edu)
  • We investigated control mechanisms that regulate the activity, localization, and stability of Wee1, especially the bud neck-localized protein kinase Hsl1 and its more distant paralogs (Gin4 and Kcc4), in particular their recruitment to septin filaments, which assemble at the presumptive site of cell division. (berkeley.edu)
  • This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. (cancerindex.org)
  • This complex inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, a key protein in cells that regulate the gene translation responsible for cell-cycle regulation. (medscape.com)
  • It helps regulate the cell cycle, which is the cell's way of replicating itself in an organized, step-by-step fashion. (medlineplus.gov)
  • All of these mutations reduce the amount of functional p27 that is available in the nucleus to regulate the cell cycle. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The interest in p27 expression in mammary carcinoma lies in its behaviour when examined in combination with other G1 cell cycle regulators. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The Cdc7 kinase is involved in regulation of the cell cycle at the point of chromosomal DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • The gene, CDC7, is involved in the regulation of cell cycle because of the gene product Cdc7 kinase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because the two proteins, Cdc7 and Dbf4, must form a complex before activating the MCM complex, the regulation of one protein is sufficient for both. (wikipedia.org)
  • Western blot analysis of normal skin and tumor lysates showed that silibinin decreases the levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and associated cyclins A, E, and D1, together with an up-regulation of Cip1/p21, Kip1/p27, and p53. (nih.gov)
  • The transcriptional repressor HBP1 is a target of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in cell cycle regulation. (nih.gov)
  • This gene encodes a protein involved in regulation of the cell cycle through interactions with several cyclin-dependent kinases. (nih.gov)
  • Regulation can occur through modification of the p27 protein's structure, its interaction with other proteins, or its localization within the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, changes in regulation that reduce the amount or function of the p27 protein in the nucleus are found in many types of cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The protein product of the murine double minute gene 2 (mdm-2) plays a central role in the regulation of p53. (lu.se)
  • Activation of the pheromone receptor-coupled G protein initiates a four-tiered cascade of protein kinases, ultimately resulting in stimulation of a messenger-activated protein kinase or MAPK (Fus3) that translocates into the nucleus. (berkeley.edu)
  • The hormone estrogen acts as a signaling molecule in cells by binding to its cognate receptor, the estrogen receptor, thereby inducing a range of biological effects. (unibas.ch)
  • In the normal breast, cells that express the estrogen receptor are mature specialized breast cells and do not proliferate. (unibas.ch)
  • In contrast, in a fraction of breast cancers cells that express the estrogen receptor proliferate significantly. (unibas.ch)
  • Inhibiting this protein resulted in the desired increased expression of the estrogen receptor. (unibas.ch)
  • Its receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Met , is expressed in the cochlear epithelium and melanocyte-derived intermediate cells in the stria vascularis. (jneurosci.org)
  • Serum Levels of the Chemokine CXCL13, Genetic Variation in CXCL13 and Its Receptor CXCR5, and HIV-Associated Non-Hodgkin B-Cell Lymphoma Risk. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] Options for second-line therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory disease include chemotherapy-free regimens with biologic targeted agents such as covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, lenalidomide,venetoclax, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. (medscape.com)
  • Transmembrane and intracellular signal transduction mechanisms are the focus of our group, especially understanding how extracellular stimuli control cell growth and division, cell morphology, and gene expression at the biochemical level. (berkeley.edu)
  • Acridine orange/ethidium bromine staining assay revealed that piperine induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells which was further investigated by Western blotting. (ijpsonline.com)
  • This revealed increased expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X and reduced expression of B-cell lymphoma 2, indicating apoptosis induction by piperine. (ijpsonline.com)
  • It induced apoptosis, suppressed cell migration and invasion, blocked cell cycle and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase B signaling pathway. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Crypt hyperplasia in GCC-/- mice was associated with compensatory increases in cell migration and apoptosis. (jefferson.edu)
  • p53 is a transcription factor that participates in cell cycle checkpoint processes and apoptosis. (lu.se)
  • It is immunotoxic in vivo and induces apoptosis in many cultured cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Results suggested that p53 is not involved in Cd-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in J774A.1 cells. (cdc.gov)
  • These are as follows: sustained proliferative signalling, cell death resistance, replicative immortality, genome instability and increased mutations, tumour-promoted inflammation, insensibility to growth repressors, deregulation of cellular energetics, evasion of immune destruction, induction of metastasis, and promotion of angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
  • BC comprises of variant subtypes and those subtypes arise from basal progenitor or luminal progenitor cells undergoing different genetic mutations[ 2 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Mutations in this gene as well as in its related proteins including D-type cyclins, p16(INK4a) and Rb were all found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. (thermofisher.com)
  • Because BRCA mutations are observed in fewer than 10% of cancer patients (cBioPortal: 6.7%) 11 , 12 , 13 the identification of additional genes that share synthetic lethal sensitivity relationships with mutated oncogenes or tumor suppressors would greatly enhance the implementation of tumor cell-specific synthetic lethal sensitivity to improve an anticancer therapeutic response. (nature.com)
  • Because most tumors are deficient in one or more aspects of the function of the p53 tumor suppressor, either as a consequence of mutations within p53, or impairment of upstream and downstream modulators of p53 activity 19 , targeting MK2 has the potential to selectively enhance tumor cell killing without increasing the genotoxic effects of chemotherapy on normal p53-wild type tissues. (nature.com)
  • These 2 syndromes, AT and NBS, are part of a family of mutations involving proteins involved in DNA repair. (medscape.com)
  • Artemis deficiency (with mutations in the Artemis protein resulting in defective VDJ recombination) decreases both T cells and B cells and can be considered part of a subset of SCIDs. (medscape.com)
  • Mutations/deletions in separate genes, each of which alone causes a minimal phenotype, but when combined in the same cell results in a more severe fitness defect or lethality under a given condition. (thebiogrid.org)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Most of the CDKN1B gene mutations that cause multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the p27 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Some mutations impair the protein's ability to interact with regulatory proteins, while others lead to the production of an unstable version of p27 that is quickly broken down. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Like the mutations that cause multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4, these genetic changes reduce the amount of functional p27 available to control cell division. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Activating mutations upstream may also underlie some epigenetic or within the ERK1/2 cascade are events that change cell signalling. (who.int)
  • SL originally described a relationship between two genes, where alteration of either gene alone results in viable cells, but alteration (mutation, loss, or inhibition) of both genes simultaneously was lethal. (nature.com)
  • To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)
  • The Cdc7/Dbf4 complex adds a phosphate group to the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) protein complex allowing for the initiation of DNA replication in mitosis (as explained in the Cdc7 and Replication section below). (wikipedia.org)
  • After chromatin undergoes changes in telophase of mitosis, the hexameric protein complex of MCM proteins 2-7 forms part of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) by binding to the chromatin and other aiding proteins (Cdc6 and Cdt1). (wikipedia.org)
  • The staurosporine analogues, K-252a and RK-286C, were found to cause DNA re-replication in rat diploid fibroblasts (3Y1) without an intervening mitosis, producing tetraploid cells. (rupress.org)
  • In a src-transformed 3Y1 cell line, as well as other cell lines, giant cells containing polyploid nuclei with DNA contents of 16C to 32C were produced by continuous treatment with K-252a, indicating that the agent induced several rounds of the incomplete cell cycle without mitosis. (rupress.org)
  • They also suggest that a periodic activation of p34cdc2 is required for S phases in the cell cycle without mitosis. (rupress.org)
  • Subsequently, a different set of CDK/cyclin complexes triggers the phosphorylation of numerous proteins to promote the profound structural reorganizations that accompany the entry of cells into mitosis. (unibas.ch)
  • activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. (proteopedia.org)
  • regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. (proteopedia.org)
  • OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) on the cell cycle distribution and activities of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal molecules (ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38) in human embryo lung cells (HELF), and to investigate the relationship between alterations of MAPK protein phosphorylation and the cell cycle distributions. (uky.edu)
  • METHODS: The phosphorylation of MAPK were induced by exposing HELF cells to BaP at 0.1, 0.5, 2.5 and 12.5 micromol/L. The phosphorylation and protein expression levels of ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 were determined through western-blotting assay. (uky.edu)
  • Three chemical inhibitors of MAPK (AG126, SP600125 and SB203580) could significantly inhibit the cell cycle alteration because of BaP treatment. (uky.edu)
  • Molecular cloning and characterization indicated that the 48 kDa substrate, termed SksC, itself is a novel protein kinase. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that define cancer and how these mechanisms differ from normal cells is crucial for developing new innovative therapies," says Bentires-Alj. (unibas.ch)
  • Dr. Yue Wang's laboratory investigates the molecular mechanisms that control the growth transition, particularly how cells establish and maintain the highly polarized hyphal morphogenesis. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • In the past few years, this lab has identified a number of central components of the polarity machinery as direct substrates of the Hgc1-Cdc28 kinase, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms that control polarized morphogensis in C. albicans. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. (novusbio.com)
  • The molecular consequence of translocation is overexpression of the protein cyclin D1 (coded by the PRAD1 gene located close to the breakpoint). (medscape.com)
  • 120 credits) in Chemistry and Molecular Biology and compulsory for a degree of Master of Science (120 credits) in Protein Science. (lu.se)
  • The main aim of the course is to enable students to acquire specialised knowledge and understanding of membrane biochemistry and the molecular structure, topology and functional mechanisms of membrane proteins. (lu.se)
  • A number of proteins from each process, for which the structure is known, are explored in greater detail in order to highlight the functional molecular mechanisms. (lu.se)
  • An early event in the signal transduction pathway induced by these cell-cell interactions is the rapid inactivation of a flagellar protein kinase that phosphorylates a 48 kDa flagellar protein. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We have recently shown that this same pathway modulates the content of integral membrane proteins and, in collaborative studies, that it is also involved in maintenance of the sterol composition of the plasma membrane. (berkeley.edu)
  • Hence, evidenced the blocking of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Therefore, compared to normal p53-proficient cells, p53-defective cells are more reliant on MK2 activity, which drives an alternative cell cycle checkpoint pathway that stabilizes the CKI inhibitors p27 Kip1 and Gadd45α in order to maintain G 1 /S and G 2 /M arrest after certain types of DNA damage 16 , 18 . (nature.com)
  • Cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDC7 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)
  • We have shown that Ypk1, a member of the AGC class of protein kinases conserved from yeast to humans, is the essential target of and activated via phosphorylation by the plasma membrane-associated TORC2 complex. (berkeley.edu)
  • this means that most eukaryotic cells have the Cdc7 kinase protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Increases in the amount of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells during follicular development occurs in some but not all species, indicating that other proteases or protease inhibitors may be involved in IGFBP degradation. (bioone.org)
  • Thus, in addition to its potential role in fertilization, this novel protein kinase may play a role in other signaling events in Chlamydomonas. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Cables1 complex couples survival signaling to the cell death machinery. (nih.gov)
  • In that context, differentiated enterocytes in villi exhibit higher guanylin expression and ligand-dependent cGMP accumulation compared to proliferating progenitor cells in crypts. (jefferson.edu)
  • Crypt expansion reflected hyperplasia of the proliferating compartment with reciprocal increases in rapidly cycling progenitor cells and reductions in differentiated cells of the secretory lineage, including Paneth and goblet, but not enteroendocrine, cells. (jefferson.edu)
  • B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)
  • Traditionally, B cells have been believed to be the lymphocytes responsible for antibody production via maturation into plasma cells (ie, humoral immunity), and T cells have been believed to be the lymphocytes responsible for killing other cells or organisms (ie, cellular immunity). (medscape.com)
  • Deficiency of the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II cellular proteins also commonly manifests in early infancy with classic symptoms of SCID. (medscape.com)
  • The protein is involved in cellular growth and development and has an important role in regulating the cell cycle. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The lectures address the three different main types of membrane proteins and associated cellular processes: transport and transporters, signal transduction and receptors, bioenergetics and photosynthetic and respiratory proteins. (lu.se)
  • right after replication is over, the protein levels drop. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since Cdc7 is attached to the Dbf4 protein the entire complex is held in place during replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is most likely due to the change in conformation allowing the remainder of replication machinery proteins to be loaded. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA replication can begin after all the necessary proteins are in place. (wikipedia.org)
  • These results suggest that a putative protein kinase(s) sensitive to K-252a plays an important role in the mechanism for preventing over-replication after completion of previous DNA synthesis. (rupress.org)
  • It acts as a tumor suppressor and when the protein is lost, cells can undergo unscheduled replication, which may eventually lead to cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Some treatments target specific characteristics of cancer cells, so they only work on those particular cancers. (healthline.com)
  • High mobility group B (HMGB) proteins have been previously related to the onset and progressions of cancers of different origins. (hindawi.com)
  • One study (PMID: 16177568) reported aberrant splicing of transcripts from this gene which results in removal of the cyclin binding domain only in human cancer cells, and reduction in gene expression was shown in colorectal cancers (PMID: 17982127).Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (nih.gov)
  • Reinitiation of DNA synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide, actinomycin D, and serum deprivation, but not by Colcemid, suggesting that a functional G1 phase dependent on de novo synthesis of protein and RNA is essential for entry into the next S phase. (rupress.org)
  • In mammals, functional analysis of the individual RAD51 paralogues in cell lines has shown similar but non-redundant contributions in DNA repair processes such as HR efficiency, RAD51 nuclear focus formation, sensitization to mitomycin C (MMC) and protection of perturbed replications forks [ 11 ]. (nature.com)
  • Functional dissection of protein complexes involved in yeast chromosome biology using a genetic interaction map. (thebiogrid.org)
  • Defining the functional relationships between proteins is critical for understanding virtually all aspects of cell biology. (thebiogrid.org)
  • however, even knowledge of the stoichiometry, affinity and lifetime of every protein-protein interaction would not reveal the functional relationships between and within such complexes. (thebiogrid.org)
  • Cells with a shortage of functional p27 can divide too quickly or in an uncontrolled way, forming a tumor. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The product encoded by this gene is predominantly localized in the nucleus and is a cell division cycle protein with kinase activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Within cells, p27 is located primarily in the nucleus, where it plays a critical role in controlling cell growth and division. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Based on this function, p27 is described as a tumor suppressor protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Nature Cell Biology 2007, 9 (10), 1192-1198. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Journal of Cell Biology 2006, 174 (6), 791-801. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Nature Cell Biology 2006, 8 (9), 1035-1037. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Journal of Cell Biology (2018) 217 (10): 3416. (biologists.com)
  • Frontiers in cell and developmental biology. (lu.se)
  • The maintenance of the steady-state equilibrium between ROS generation and elimination is crucial for cell survival, while its loss causes cell death by different mechanisms triggered by oxidative damage. (hindawi.com)
  • Metabolically active cells, neutrophils, and macrophages from the immune system produce high levels of ROS. (hindawi.com)
  • Consequently, the recruitment of immune cells during chronic inflammation increases oxidative stress (OS) in the microenvironment [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • An important component is the study of immune modulation with IL-2 and peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) on the generation of natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK), immune recovery, and eradication of microscopic disease posttherapy. (cancer.gov)
  • Especially in the era of immunotherapies, it has been suggested that "normal-like" cells can be cleared by the immune system while "cancerous" cells evade killing by immune cells. (unibas.ch)
  • The immune system's lymphocyte component is divided into B cells and T cells. (medscape.com)
  • Symptoms in affected patients indicate the crucial involvement of MHC proteins in the immune recognition of self and nonself. (medscape.com)
  • Immune system dysfunction and autoimmune disease in mice lacking Emk (Par-1) protein kinase. (jcvi.org)
  • Emk(-/-) mice displayed growth retardation and immune cell dysfunction. (jcvi.org)
  • Taken together, these results demonstrate that the Emk protein kinase is essential for maintaining immune system homeostasis and that loss of Emk may contribute to autoimmune disease in mammals. (jcvi.org)
  • There was a statistically significant association between the expression of p27 and both cyclin D1 and the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb), corresponding to their close interactions in regulating the G1/S transition in the cell cycle. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The Massi lab uses their expertise in NMR Spectroscopy to understand the dynamics of protein-RNA interactions. (umassmed.edu)
  • Cdk phosphorylation triggers sequential intramolecular interactions that progressively block Rb functions as cells move through G1. (proteopedia.org)
  • The CDKN1B gene provides instructions for making a protein called p27. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Two biochemical processes, protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and ubiquitin-mediated degradation drive cell cycle control. (benthamscience.com)
  • In response to DNA damage, a synthetic lethal relationship exists between the cell cycle checkpoint kinase MK2 and the tumor suppressor p53. (nature.com)
  • Homozygous null embryos display embryonic lethality from cell cycle arrest. (jax.org)
  • During mouse embryonic development, a subpopulation of neural crest cell-derived melanocytes migrates and incorporates into a subregion of the cochlear epithelium, forming the intermediate cell layer of the stria vascularis. (jneurosci.org)
  • The neural crest (NC) is comprised of specialized cells that arise from the lateral border of the neural plate and migrate into specific locations during vertebrate embryonic development. (jneurosci.org)
  • NC cells contribute to several inner ear structures during embryonic development. (jneurosci.org)
  • Hgc1 is a G1 cyclin-related protein and directly interacts with the master cell-cycle regulatory kinase Cdc28. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • Membrane proteins play a key role in the cell's energy metabolism and in its signalling and communication with its environment. (lu.se)
  • In cancer cells, ROS production is mainly due to overexpression of the NADPH oxidase [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Group discussions about e.g. the similarities/dissimilarities, cloning and overexpression strategies, and structure and function of membrane proteins. (lu.se)
  • We also studied the roles of other classes of protein kinases (Cla4) and additional post-translational modifications (SUMOylation) in septin complex assembly, formation of different septin-based supramolecular ensembles, disassembly of septin-containing structures, and the function of septin organization in the events required for cell division and membrane septation during cytokinesis. (berkeley.edu)
  • More than half of all drugs that are in use today target membrane proteins. (lu.se)
  • Lectures dealing with methods for theoretical modelling of membrane protein structure, fusion protein techniques, X-ray crystallography, heterologous expression, solubilisation and purification of membrane proteins are also included in the course. (lu.se)
  • This is followed by experimental determination using genetic construction and expression of a fusion protein of the membrane protein and a marker protein in a bacterial system which is subsequently analysed. (lu.se)
  • In silico exercise addressing potential problems concerning the detection of heterologously expressed membrane proteins, solubilisation and evaluation of detergent properties, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtering in the presence of a detergent, and control of the protein's stability and integrity after purification. (lu.se)
  • An individually planned and executed minor project during two weeks, in which the students express a membrane protein of their choice and demonstrate in some way that the expression was successful. (lu.se)
  • The project entails practice in literature searching, project planning and documentation, and provides specialised practical knowledge of expression and management of membrane proteins. (lu.se)
  • This review summarizes evidence for the role of proteolytic enzymes that degrade and inactivate insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) during follicular development in mammals. (bioone.org)
  • Oxidative stress produces DNA damage and also induces responses, which could help the cell to restore the initial equilibrium. (hindawi.com)
  • But if this is not possible, oxidative stress finally activates signals that will lead to cell death. (hindawi.com)
  • This review describes recent advances in the role of human HMGB proteins and other proteins interacting with them, in cancerous processes related to oxidative stress, with special reference to ovarian and prostate cancer. (hindawi.com)