Kidney tubules. Medical search. Frequent questions

These include an increase of salt reabsorption via the Na(+),Cl(-)-cotransporter (NCC) of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), which minimizes electroneutral K(+) loss in downstream nephron segments. (mdc-berlin.de)
Approximately 20-25% of filtered calcium is reabsorbed in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, whereas the remaining 10% is reabsorbed under the influence of PTH and vitamin D in the distal tubule. (medscape.com)
Using tissue microarrays and full tissue sections of normal and 448 neoplastic tissues, HE4 immunoreactivity was found in normal glandular epithelium of the female genital tract and breast, the epididymis and vas deferens, respiratory epithelium, distal renal tubules, colonic mucosa, and salivary glands, consistent with HE4 gene expression. (nature.com)

The autosomal dominant form of polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common life-threatening monogenic disease, affecting 12 million people worldwide. (basicmedicalkey.com)
The autosomal recessive form of polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is rarer but affects the pediatric population. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Topology of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) proteins polycystin-1, polycystin-2, and fibrocystin/polyductin (FPC) are shown. (basicmedicalkey.com)
renal tubular diseases include acute tubular necrosis and polycystic kidney disease. (wikipedia.org)
ANCA vasculitis) and autoimmune diseases (e.g., lupus), as well as genetic conditions like polycystic kidney disease. (maxhealthcare.in)

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a test used to check how well the kidneys are working. (medlineplus.gov)
Krishnan A, Levin A. Laboratory assessment of kidney disease: glomerular filtration rate, urinalysis, and proteinuria. (medlineplus.gov)
10 µg/dL, increase the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), with decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and creatinine clearance. (medscape.com)

Etiology and Pathogenesis ( Fig. 339-1 ) ADPKD is characterized by progressive formation of epithelial-lined cysts in the kidney. (basicmedicalkey.com)
To investigate the role of HIF-1 in hypoxia-induced renal epithelial cell death, we generated mice that allow inactivation of HIF-1alpha by tetracycline-inducible Cre-loxP-mediated recombination in primary renal proximal tubule cells (PRPTC), resulting in a suppression of HIF-1-mediated gene transcription during oxygen deprivation. (nih.gov)
These data resolve long-standing questions concerning the role of PCP signaling in the developing kidney and, moreover, establish rosette-based intercalation as a deeply conserved cellular engine for epithelial morphogenesis. (elsevierpure.com)
The capsule and tubule are connected and are composed of epithelial cells with a lumen. (wikipedia.org)

In a normal kidney, the tubules reabsorb practically all of this filtered protein. (vin.com)

Nephrology is the study of the normal functioning of kidneys as well as treatment or diseases related to it. (maxhealthcare.in)
Nephrology deals with the diagnosis as well as treatment of kidney diseases, including hypertension and electrolyte disturbances. (maxhealthcare.in)
Patients are referred to nephrology experts after a urinalysis, for multiple reasons, such as chronic kidney disease, acute kidney failure, hematuria, kidney stones , proteinuria hypertension, and disorders of electrolytes or acid/base. (maxhealthcare.in)

No one knows right now if stone prevention treatments will also prevent these plugs, but since the plugs form at the very ends of the renal tubules, where the final urine exits into the renal pelvis, one would think that whatever reduces crystal formation in the urine will reduce plugging. (uchicago.edu)
At the end of the tubule, the remaining fluid-urine-exits: it is composed of water, metabolic waste, and toxins. (wikipedia.org)
The creatinine clearance test , which involves a 24-hour urine collection, can also provide an estimate of kidney function. (medlineplus.gov)
The urine passes from each kidney through a long tube called a ureter into the bladder . (hoacny.com)
An inset shows the renal tubules and urine. (hoacny.com)
Urine is made in the renal tubules and collects in the renal pelvis of each kidney. (hoacny.com)
The urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder. (hoacny.com)
Cancer that starts in the ureters or the renal pelvis (the part of the kidney that collects urine and drains it to the ureters) is different from renal cell cancer. (hoacny.com)

We address this question by pharmacologic and genetic blockade of autophagy using mouse models of cisplatin- and ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. (elsevierpure.com)
Chloroquine, a pharmacological inhibitor of autophagy, blocked autophagic flux and enhanced acute kidney injury in both models. (elsevierpure.com)
Rapamycin, however, activated autophagy and protected against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. (elsevierpure.com)
Compared with wild-type littermates, these knockout mice were markedly more sensitive to cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury as indicated by renal functional loss, tissue damage, and apoptosis. (elsevierpure.com)
Mechanistically, these knockout mice had heightened activation of p53 and c-Jun N terminal kinase, the signaling pathways contributing to cisplatin acute kidney injury. (elsevierpure.com)
Thus, our results establish a renoprotective role of tubular cell autophagy in acute kidney injury where it may interfere with cell killing mechanisms. (elsevierpure.com)

Kidney, Renal tubule - Normal in a male B6C3F1 mouse from a chronic study. (nih.gov)
Hypokalemia contributes to the progression of chronic kidney disease, while a definitive pathophysiogical theory to explain this remains to be established. (mdc-berlin.de)
The GFR test is recommended for people with chronic kidney disease. (medlineplus.gov)
Levels below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for 3 or more months are a sign of chronic kidney disease. (medlineplus.gov)
In chronic renal failure, excessive production of renin by the kidney can lead to severe high blood pressure ( hypertension ), and the effects of this may even dominate the clinical picture. (britannica.com)
The association between lead exposure and GFR was evaluated in North American children with CKD in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) study. (medscape.com)
Hardening of the KIDNEY due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (FIBROSIS), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic HYPERTENSION. (mcw.edu)
With the exception of a very small proportion of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who waste magnesium through their tubules due to medication toxicity, such as amphotericin, the vast majority of CKD patients will retain magnesium to some small and usually clinically insignificant extent. (medscape.com)

The light and, to a lesser extent, the dark cells of the cortical collecting tubules in mouse kidney contain a great number of granules which according to histochemical tests are composed of phospholipids and proteins. (rupress.org)
In a mouse kidney cold storage/transplantation model, we detected p53 accumulation in proximal tubules in a cold storage time-dependent manner, which correlated with tubular injury and cell death. (elsevierpure.com)

In the kidney, the first portion of the nephron, called the proximal tubule (PT), performs the majority of solute reabsorption including about two-thirds of calcium. (ku.edu)
Reabsorption occurs in the renal tubules and is either passive, due to diffusion, or active, due to pumping against a concentration gradient. (wikipedia.org)
Some of the hormones which signal the tubules to alter the reabsorption or secretion rate, and thereby maintain homeostasis, include (along with the substance affected) antidiuretic hormone (water), aldosterone (sodium, potassium), parathyroid hormone (calcium, phosphate), atrial natriuretic peptide (sodium) and brain natriuretic peptide (sodium). (wikipedia.org)
Sixty-five percent of the calcium filtered through the glomeruli is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule by a process linked to sodium reabsorption. (medscape.com)

6. Stimulates absorption of water from the kidney tubule. (wikieducator.org)

the connecting tubule, and the last part of nephron the collecting ducts. (wikipedia.org)

Some diseases of the nephron predominantly affect either the glomeruli or the tubules. (wikipedia.org)
Glomeruli are the tiny filters in the kidneys that filter waste from the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
The two most common causes are pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis (kidney inflammation involving the structures around the renal pelvis or the glomeruli), and other common causes are renal damage from the effects of high blood pressure and renal damage from obstructive conditions of the lower urinary tract. (britannica.com)

The polycystic kidney diseases are a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders and a leading cause of kidney failure. (basicmedicalkey.com)
and a number of primary disorders of the kidney tubules. (britannica.com)
Some diseases affecting the kidney are systemic disorders, which means, they are not limited to the organ itself and may require special treatment. (maxhealthcare.in)
Nephrologists are kidney doctors who specialise in the care and treatment of renal or kidney related disorders. (maxhealthcare.in)
This can be caused by urinary tract infections (UTIs), autoimmune disorders, sickle cell disease, diabetes, kidney transplant rejection, or some medicines. (teenshealth.org)

About 95% of free -2-m is filtered by the branous and proliferative being the most normal glomerulus and a normal kidney is common [ 2 ]. (who.int)

Broadly, the diseases that are treated by them include autoimmune diseases, kidney cancers, diabetic nephropathy, blood pressure and several others. (maxhealthcare.in)

As such, it is maintained within a narrow range through the actions of gastrointestinal, bone, kidney, and endocrine tissues. (ku.edu)
Although cysts only occur in 5% of the tubules in the kidney, the enormous growth of these cysts ultimately leads to the loss of normal surrounding tissues and loss of renal function. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Also, cisplatin increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and NF-κB expression, which subsequently increased mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, KIM-1, NGAL, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio as well as decreased mRNA expression of IL-10 in kidney tissues. (thieme-connect.com)
Childhood kidney tumors are diseases in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the kidney. (instituteofliving.org)

Anatomy of the male urinary system (left panel) and female urinary system (right panel) showing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. (hoacny.com)
Postrenal proteinuria is due to plasma proteins from hemorrhage or inflammation in the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and/or accessory sex glands). (vin.com)

Next, I tested the hypothesis that deletion of the claudin-2 gene Cldn2 in mice causes nephrocalcinosis similar to human kidney stone disease using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological analyses. (ku.edu)
My findings indicate that this papillary pattern of nephrocalcinosis shares striking similarities to human kidney stone disease. (ku.edu)
Our colleagues subsequently identified multiple SNPs in the CLDN2 locus that associate with human kidney stone disease. (ku.edu)
These findings shed light on the functional and regulatory aspects of SOX9 activation in the human kidney during injury and regeneration. (lu.se)

The nephron is the minute or microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney. (wikipedia.org)
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. (wikipedia.org)
This means that each separate nephron is where the main work of the kidney is performed. (wikipedia.org)
A nephron is made of two parts: a renal corpuscle, which is the initial filtering component, and a renal tubule that processes and carries away the filtered fluid. (wikipedia.org)

We also established a renal proximal tubule-specific autophagy-related gene 7-knockout mouse model shown to be defective in both basal and cisplatin-induced autophagy in kidneys. (elsevierpure.com)
Objective In addition to oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis have an important role in the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced kidney damage. (thieme-connect.com)
This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of protective effects of curcumin against cisplatin-induced kidney inflammation and apoptosis in rats. (thieme-connect.com)
Conclusions These data indicate that curcumin has nephroprotective properties against cisplatin-induced kidney damage in rats and this effect is associated with its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis profiles, in addition to its antioxidant. (thieme-connect.com)
Over the last few decades, it has been studied that the mechanisms of cisplatin-induced kidney damage are complex and involved numerous cellular and molecular processes including inflammation, apoptosis, accumulation of cisplatin in renal tubular cells via renal drug transporters, Ctr1 and OCT2, and involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways [ 3 ] [ 4 ]. (thieme-connect.com)
Even though various treatment strategies namely saline hydration and diuresis have been suggested for prevention of cisplatin-induced kidney damage, but its prevalence is still high. (thieme-connect.com)
In fact, the prevalence of cisplatin-induced kidney damage was 34% after fourth cycles and 52% after six cycles of cisplatin chemotherapy in adult cancer patients treated with cisplatin at a dose of ≥60 mg/m 2 at Dharmais National Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia [ 6 ]. (thieme-connect.com)
However, the molecular mechanisms behind the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of curcumin in the cisplatin-induced kidney damage have not been explored. (thieme-connect.com)
Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of curcumin in cisplatin-induced kidney damage. (thieme-connect.com)

Fortunately kidney function appears to remain intact, but there is cell injury and inflammation. (uchicago.edu)
In particular, extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, one of the MAPK pathway is considered as an important mediator of signal transduction processes, namely cell survival, cell division, gene expression, and cell metabolism that plays role in injury, death, and inflammation of kidney tubular cells due to cisplatin administration [ 5 ]. (thieme-connect.com)
BACKGROUND: Inflammation may affect long-term kidney function. (cdc.gov)
We hypothesized that proinflammatory diets increase the risk of progression to kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT), and systemic inflammation is a mediator of the effect of diet on progression to KFRT. (cdc.gov)

Kidney cysts are often seen in a wide range of syndromic diseases. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Cystic kidney diseases are a global public health burden, affecting over 12 million people 1 . (elsevierpure.com)

Histopathological examination furthers confirmed the kidney damage protection effect of curcumin. (thieme-connect.com)
Hence, curcumin may be useful for preventing kidney damage against cisplatin administration. (thieme-connect.com)
However, it has many severe side effects that limit the therapeutic use of cisplatin, one of them is kidney damage [ 1 ] [ 2 ]. (thieme-connect.com)
Proximal tubules obtained in bulk by nonenzymatic procedures were resistant to cell damage by levels of chloroform (67663) and carbon-tetrachloride (56235) likely to be encountered in the work place. (cdc.gov)
Drug treatment of the rabbits followed by tubule isolation and exposure to these solvent s in-vitro did not enhance cell damage. (cdc.gov)
Tubule cells propagated in-vitro were more susceptible to cell damage caused by these organic solvent s. (cdc.gov)
In a study of ultrasound and laboratory findings in Wilms tumor survivors with a solitary kidney, signs of kidney damage were seen in 22 of 53 patients (41.5%) on ultrasonography. (medscape.com)

Numerous clear cytoplasmic vacuoles are present in renal tubule cells. (nih.gov)
Increased cAMP promotes protein kinase A activity, among other effectors, and, in turn, leads to cyst growth by promoting proliferation and fluid secretion of cyst-lining cells through chloride and aquaporin channels in ADPKD kidneys. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Similar effects were shown by the ablation of p53 from proximal tubule cells. (elsevierpure.com)
in vitro, cold storage followed by rewarming induced cell death in cultured proximal tubule cells, which was accompanied by p53 activation and suppressed by pifithrin-α and dominant-negative p53. (elsevierpure.com)
first with the interstitial fluid outside the tubules, and then into the plasma in the adjacent peritubular capillaries through the endothelial cells lining that capillary. (wikipedia.org)
Lead is absorbed by the proximal tubular cells of the renal tubules, where it binds to specific lead-binding proteins. (medscape.com)
Renal cell cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in tubules of the kidney. (hoacny.com)
Renal cell cancer (also called kidney cancer or renal cell adenocarcinoma ) is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells are found in the lining of tubules (very small tubes) in the kidney. (hoacny.com)
The underlying mechanism is most probably a blockade of anion conductance in the plasma membrane at nanomolar concentrations of OTA with subsequent disturbance of cellular acid-base homeostasis as shown in cultured kidney cells. (karger.com)
Disturbance of cellular pH homeostasis is probably also involved in OTA-induced transformation of cultured kidney cells. (karger.com)
Induction of SRY box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) has been shown to occur in response to kidney injury in rodents, where SOX9-positive cells proliferate and regenerate the proximal tubules of injured kidneys. (lu.se)
SOX9 expression was found to colocalize with a proportion of so-called scattered tubular cells in the uninjured kidney, a cell population previously shown to be involved in kidney injury and regeneration. (lu.se)
Moreover, a kidney explant model was used to demonstrate that only SOX9-positive cells survive the massive injury associated with kidney ischemia and that the surviving SOX9-positive cells spread and repopulate the tubules. (lu.se)
It is produced by Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) a variety of cells, including monocytes and accounts for 90% of nephrosis in child- mesangial cells in the kidney [ 9 ]. (who.int)

Notably, pifithrin-α also ameliorated kidney injury and improved the function of transplanted kidneys in 6 days when it became the sole life-supporting kidney in recipient mice. (elsevierpure.com)

The ureter is a long tube that connects the kidney to the bladder. (instituteofliving.org)

My work suggests that proximal delivery of calcium to the loops of Henle is important in the pathogenesis of nephrocalcinosis and kidney stone formation. (ku.edu)
In addition, claudin-2 expression is an important mediator of calcium transport that is associated with kidney stone disease in humans. (ku.edu)
This new post shows very new research done over the past decade or so, mainly by us, which shows that the tiny tubules of the kidneys can become plugged with calcium phosphate crystals. (uchicago.edu)
When the diseased kidney cannot excrete phosphorus, it builds up in the body and also affects calcium absorption. (healthhype.com)
The major regulators of calcium levels are parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D, which target the bones, intestine, and kidney to increase serum calcium. (medscape.com)
Calcitonin, a more minor player in regulation, decreases serum calcium by its effects on bone and kidney. (medscape.com)
The kidney serves as the rapid regulator of calcium fluxes but has limited capacity to handle large swings in the serum calcium levels. (medscape.com)

Nephrotoxicity results from lead exposure because the kidney is the main route by which lead is eliminated. (medscape.com)
A study was conducted to examine the validity of the isolated rabbit tubule model as a tool in the study of nephrotoxicants and to determine the validity of the rabbit tubule model as a predictor of nephrotoxicity in humans. (cdc.gov)

In most cases, there will be a solitary tumor in one kidney, but 5-13% of children have bilateral tumors and 10% have multifocal tumors in a single kidney. (medscape.com)

Although much is known about the genetics of kidney development and disease, the cellular mechanisms driving normal kidney tubule elongation remain unclear 2,3 . (elsevierpure.com)

FIGURE 339-1 Scheme of the primary cilium and cystic kidney disease proteins. (basicmedicalkey.com)
It may also be done to see how far kidney disease has progressed. (medlineplus.gov)
What is a kidney disease diet? (healthhype.com)
A kidney disease diet is more correctly known as renal diet . (healthhype.com)
It includes changes in eating habits that aims to reduce the strain on the kidneys and minimize the imbalances that arise with kidney disease. (healthhype.com)
Always speak to your doctor and if necessary consult with a registered dietitian or nutritionist who can assist with an appropriate eating plan for kidney disease. (healthhype.com)
For example there may be specific amendments to the renal diet for people with heart disease, diabetes and obesity in addition to the kidney problems. (healthhype.com)
Toxic nephropathies are estimated to cause fewer than 1% of all cases of end-stage kidney disease. (medscape.com)
Untreated renal (REE-nul) tubular acidosis can affect a child's growth, cause kidney stones , and other problems like bone or kidney disease . (teenshealth.org)
Dapagliflozin is not recommended for use in patients with moderate to severe kidney disease . (medicinenet.com)
Background: Access to renal replacement therapy by the increasing population of patients with end-stage kidney disease across Sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, has become a major public health challenge. (bvsalud.org)
While complications of both hypo- and hypermagnesemia exist, their relative infrequency among persons with kidney disease has reinforced a very limited practice of monitoring magnesium levels. (medscape.com)

However, the diseased tubules are unable to metabolize these proteins and tubular proteinuria ensues. (vin.com)

The kidneys' main job is to remove waste - including acid - and extra water from the blood through tiny tubes called tubules. (teenshealth.org)

Limit sodium , phosphorus and potassium intake since kidney dysfunction may cause high levels of these electrolytes. (healthhype.com)

However, dapagliflozin is secreted in the milk of lactating rats, and exposure showed risk to the developing kidneys in the rat fetus. (medicinenet.com)
Renal hemodynamics and the secretory function of the proximal tubule are affected by OTA after prolonged but not by acute exposure. (karger.com)

p53 contributes to both ischemic and nephrotoxic kidney injury, but its involvement in kidney cold storage/transplantation is unclear. (elsevierpure.com)

It is unknown if blood or bone lead levels are more consistently associated with kidney effects. (medscape.com)

Kidney proximal tubules were isolated from control and phenobarbital induced rabbits by nonenzymatic sieving techniques and then studied in-vitro. (cdc.gov)

However, when the kidney is diseased it cannot properly eliminate excess sodium. (healthhype.com)
1 liter of filtrate in kidney tubules contains around 140 mEq of sodium. (medscape.com)

Kidney injury associated with cold storage/transplantation is a primary factor for delayed graft function and poor outcome of renal transplants. (elsevierpure.com)
Here, we report that p53 in kidney proximal tubules plays a critical role in cold storage/transplantation kidney injury and inhibition of p53 can effectively improve the histology and function of transplanted kidneys. (elsevierpure.com)
Kidney function must be assessed before starting treatment. (medicinenet.com)

In contrast to findings in Drosophila, however, non-canonical Wnt and planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling is required to control rosette topology and orientation during vertebrate kidney tubule elongation. (elsevierpure.com)

According to the National Kidney Foundation, normal results range from 90 to 120 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . (medlineplus.gov)
Here, we characterized the role of SOX9 in normal and injured human kidneys. (lu.se)

4] The hypothesis was that decreased synthesis of eicosanoids might contribute to hypertension and make the kidney more vulnerable to drugs that reduce the synthesis of locally produced vasodilators (eg, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). (medscape.com)

Renal tubular acidosis is an illness that happens when the kidneys are damaged and can't remove a waste, called acid, from the blood. (teenshealth.org)
But with renal tubular acidosis, the kidney's tubules are damaged, so they can't remove the acid. (teenshealth.org)

Anatomy13

Organisms1

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes4

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science1

Distal3

Polycystic kidney5

Glomerular3

Epithelial4

Reabsorb1

Nephrology3

Urine8

Acute Kidney6

Chronic8

Mouse kidney2

Reabsorption4

Stimulates1

Collecting ducts1

Glomeruli3

Disorders5

Glomerulus1

Diabetic nephropathy1

Tissues4

Urinary2

Human kidney4

Nephron4

Cisplatin-induced9

Inflammation4

Diseases2

Damage7

Cells14

Mice1

Bladder1

Calcium7

Nephrotoxicity2

Tumors1

Mechanisms1

Disease12

Proteinuria1

Tiny1

Dysfunction1

Exposure2

Unclear1

Bone1

Vitro1

Sodium2

Function3

Topology1

Normal2

Hypertension1

Renal tubular2